JP2007240348A - Edge pattern detection device - Google Patents

Edge pattern detection device Download PDF

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JP2007240348A
JP2007240348A JP2006063775A JP2006063775A JP2007240348A JP 2007240348 A JP2007240348 A JP 2007240348A JP 2006063775 A JP2006063775 A JP 2006063775A JP 2006063775 A JP2006063775 A JP 2006063775A JP 2007240348 A JP2007240348 A JP 2007240348A
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pattern
edge
signal
shaped signal
light receiving
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Toru Yaku
亨 夜久
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Mitutoyo Corp
Mitsutoyo Kiko Co Ltd
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Mitsutoyo Kiko Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To follow the offset voltage fluctuation and improve the edge detection accuracy with a simple circuit constitution. <P>SOLUTION: The edge detection device of a pattern for detecting an edge of a pattern to be detected from a zero cross signal obtained when an S-shaped signal generated from a signal affected by the pattern to be detected crosses the zero level has a high pass filter (HPF) 60 for passing the S-shaped signal before detecting the zero cross. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、パターンのエッジ検出装置に係り、特に、光電式エンコーダのスケールパターンや標準尺パターンのエッジ検出に用いるのに好適な、検出対象パターンの関与を受けた信号から生成したS字状信号が、零レベルをクロスした時に得られる零クロス信号から、検出対象パターンのエッジを検出するようにされたパターンのエッジ検出装置の改良に関する。   The present invention relates to a pattern edge detection apparatus, and more particularly to an S-shaped signal generated from a signal affected by a pattern to be detected, which is suitable for detecting an edge of a scale pattern or a standard pattern of a photoelectric encoder. The present invention relates to an improvement in a pattern edge detection apparatus configured to detect an edge of a detection target pattern from a zero cross signal obtained when a zero level is crossed.

光電式エンコーダ等に使われるガラススケール、金属スケールや、標準尺の表面には、格子状のパターンが形成されている。このパターンのエッジを測定するため、特許文献1では、図1(上段)に示すように、検出部に2つの受光素子12A、12Bを同心円状に配置し、各々から得られる信号a、bを差演算器16で差動処理(c=b−a)して、図1(下段)に示すようなS字状信号を生成している。そして、このS字状信号が零レベルを通過した時に、測定対象物の投影画像4Aのエッジ位置を通過したと認識している。図において、24A、24Bは電流−電圧変換器、26A、26Bはアンプである。   A lattice-like pattern is formed on the surface of a glass scale, a metal scale, or a standard scale used for a photoelectric encoder or the like. In order to measure the edge of this pattern, in Patent Document 1, as shown in FIG. 1 (upper stage), two light receiving elements 12A and 12B are arranged concentrically in the detection unit, and signals a and b obtained from each are respectively obtained. The difference calculator 16 performs differential processing (c = b−a) to generate an S-shaped signal as shown in FIG. 1 (lower stage). When the S-shaped signal passes through the zero level, it is recognized that it has passed through the edge position of the projection image 4A of the measurement object. In the figure, 24A and 24B are current-voltage converters, and 26A and 26B are amplifiers.

又、特許文献2や3には、特許文献2の例を図2に示す如く、複数のスリット36a〜36cを通過した光信号をアナログ信号処理でS字状信号に生成する方法も提案されている。図において、31は標準スケール、32は対物レンズ、33はビームスプリッタ、34、35は受光素子、37、38はスリット板、39、40はアンプ、41は差動演算部、51は目盛り線エッジである。   Patent Documents 2 and 3 also propose a method of generating an optical signal that has passed through a plurality of slits 36a to 36c into an S-shaped signal by analog signal processing, as shown in FIG. Yes. In the figure, 31 is a standard scale, 32 is an objective lens, 33 is a beam splitter, 34 and 35 are light receiving elements, 37 and 38 are slit plates, 39 and 40 are amplifiers, 41 is a differential calculation unit, and 51 is a scale line edge. It is.

更に、特許文献4には、周期的パターンからS字状パターンが連続した正弦波状パターンを得て検出対象とすることが記載されている。   Furthermore, Patent Document 4 describes that a sinusoidal pattern in which an S-shaped pattern is continuous from a periodic pattern is obtained as a detection target.

これらの方法の前提として、S字状信号の閾値は、零レベル、あるいは一定のレベルで安定である必要がある。   As a premise of these methods, the threshold value of the S-shaped signal needs to be stable at a zero level or a constant level.

しかしながら、被測定スケールの平面度や移動テーブルの真直度が悪くて、測定中に測定対象物が対物レンズの焦点からずれてしまうようなとき、個々の光学系が全くの同一ではないために、個々の受光部に集光される光の量が異なってきてしまうような状況が生じる。このとき、S字状信号は、図3のようにオフセット電圧が変化してしまい、閾値を固定していると、エッジ位置の検出に誤差が生じてしまう。図において、30は光源、31はスケール、32は対物レンズである。   However, when the flatness of the scale to be measured and the straightness of the moving table are bad and the measurement object is displaced from the focus of the objective lens during measurement, the individual optical systems are not exactly the same. A situation occurs in which the amount of light collected on each light receiving unit is different. At this time, the offset voltage of the S-shaped signal changes as shown in FIG. 3, and if the threshold value is fixed, an error occurs in the detection of the edge position. In the figure, 30 is a light source, 31 is a scale, and 32 is an objective lens.

そこで、特許文献5では、図4に示す如く、直近のS字状信号の最大値Vmax(n)と最小値Vmin(n)の平均値を閾値Vth(n)として、S字状信号のオフセット電圧変動に対して追従できるようにしている。   Therefore, in Patent Document 5, as shown in FIG. 4, the offset value of the S-shaped signal is set with the average value of the maximum value Vmax (n) and the minimum value Vmin (n) of the latest S-shaped signal as a threshold value Vth (n). It is designed to follow voltage fluctuations.

特公平3−15124号公報(第2図、第3図)Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-15124 (FIGS. 2 and 3) 特開2000−171210号公報(図1、図3)JP 2000-171210 A (FIGS. 1 and 3) 特開平8−145621号公報(図1、図3)JP-A-8-145621 (FIGS. 1 and 3) 特開平7−159136号公報JP 7-159136 A 特開2001−249031号公報(図4、図5)Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-249031 (FIGS. 4 and 5)

しかしながら特許文献5に記載された方法は、その図5に示されるように、S字状信号の最大値と最小値を求める回路構成が非常に複雑となり、コストも高くなるという問題点を有していた。   However, as shown in FIG. 5, the method described in Patent Document 5 has a problem that the circuit configuration for obtaining the maximum value and the minimum value of the S-shaped signal becomes very complicated and the cost becomes high. It was.

本発明は、前記従来の問題点を解決するべくなされたもので、簡単な回路構成で、オフセット電圧変動に追従させ、エッジ検出精度を向上させることを課題とする。   The present invention has been made to solve the above-described conventional problems, and an object thereof is to improve the edge detection accuracy by following the offset voltage fluctuation with a simple circuit configuration.

本発明は、検出対象パターンの関与を受けた信号から生成したS字状信号が、零レベルをクロスした時に得られる零クロス信号から、検出対象パターンのエッジを検出するようにされたパターンのエッジ検出装置において、零クロス検出前に前記S字状信号を通すハイパスフィルタを設けることにより、前記課題を解決したものである。   The present invention relates to an edge of a pattern in which an edge of a detection target pattern is detected from a zero cross signal obtained when an S-shaped signal generated from a signal affected by the detection target pattern crosses a zero level. In the detection device, the above-described problem is solved by providing a high-pass filter that passes the S-shaped signal before detecting a zero cross.

本発明によれば、ハイパスフィルタを追加するだけの簡単な回路構成で、オフセット電圧変動に追従させ、エッジ検出精度を向上させることができる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to follow the offset voltage fluctuation and improve the edge detection accuracy with a simple circuit configuration in which only a high-pass filter is added.

以下図面を参照して、本発明の実施形態を詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

本実施形態は、図2に示した従来例と同様のエッジ検出装置において、図5に示す如く、2つの受光素子34、35の差動信号を得るための差動演算部41の出力側に、カットオフ周波数fcのハイパスフィルタ(HPF)60を設けて、S字状信号を該HPF60に通すことで、オフセット電圧変動、即ち、低周波で変動する成分を削除するようにしたものである。   In this embodiment, in the edge detection apparatus similar to the conventional example shown in FIG. 2, as shown in FIG. 5, on the output side of the differential operation unit 41 for obtaining the differential signals of the two light receiving elements 34 and 35. A high-pass filter (HPF) 60 having a cut-off frequency fc is provided, and an S-shaped signal is passed through the HPF 60 to eliminate offset voltage fluctuation, that is, a component that fluctuates at a low frequency.

ここで、前記HPF60のカットオフ周波数fcは、S字状信号の波形形状が通過するのに十分な帯域を確保して、S字状信号の波形が変形しないように設定する。具体的には、図6に示す如く、S字状信号に重畳しているオフセット電圧変動の影響を除去するために、カットオフ周波数fcは、ノイズスペクトラムレベル以上の、オフセット電圧変動に係る周波数成分の上限周波数feよりも高く設定する。また、fcが、ノイズスペクトラムレベル以上の、S字状信号の周波数成分の下限周波数fsよりも高い場合、HPF60を通過したS字状信号が変形してしまって、検出誤差が生じる恐れがある。そのため、fcはfsよりも低い値に設定する。   Here, the cut-off frequency fc of the HPF 60 is set so as to ensure a sufficient band for the waveform shape of the S-shaped signal to pass therethrough and not to deform the waveform of the S-shaped signal. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, in order to remove the influence of the offset voltage fluctuation superimposed on the S-shaped signal, the cutoff frequency fc is a frequency component related to the offset voltage fluctuation equal to or higher than the noise spectrum level. Is set higher than the upper limit frequency fe. In addition, when fc is higher than the lower limit frequency fs of the frequency component of the S-shaped signal that is equal to or higher than the noise spectrum level, the S-shaped signal that has passed through the HPF 60 may be deformed and a detection error may occur. Therefore, fc is set to a value lower than fs.

本実施形態において、スケール31の目盛り線エッジ像は対物レンズ32で拡大されてビームスプリッタ33に入り、その透過像は第1の受光素子34で受光され、反射像は第2の受光素子35で受光される。第1の受光素子34の受光面の前面には第1及び第3のスリット36a、36cが形成されたスリット板37が配置される。第2の受光素子35の受光面の前面には第2のスリット36bが形成されたスリット板38が配置される。各スリット36a、36cは、スリット36bを中心として、その両側に均等距離をおいて配置される。スリット36a、36b、36cは、スケール31をその目盛り線と直交する方向に移動させたときに、目盛り線エッジの像が、スリット36a、36b、36cを順に介して第1の受光素子34、第2の受光素子35、第1の受光素子34の順で受光されるように、目盛り線エッジ51と平行に配置される。   In the present embodiment, the scale line edge image of the scale 31 is enlarged by the objective lens 32 and enters the beam splitter 33, the transmitted image is received by the first light receiving element 34, and the reflected image is received by the second light receiving element 35. Received light. A slit plate 37 in which first and third slits 36 a and 36 c are formed is disposed in front of the light receiving surface of the first light receiving element 34. A slit plate 38 having a second slit 36b is disposed in front of the light receiving surface of the second light receiving element 35. The slits 36a and 36c are arranged at equal distances on both sides of the slit 36b. When the scale 31 is moved in a direction perpendicular to the scale line, the slits 36a, 36b, and 36c cause the image of the scale line edge to pass through the first light receiving element 34 and the first light through the slits 36a, 36b, and 36c in order. The second light receiving element 35 and the first light receiving element 34 are arranged in parallel with the scale line edge 51 so as to be received in this order.

ここで、図2に示したようにスケール31の目盛り線の拡大像のエッジ51が移動したとき、スリット36a、36b、36cをそれぞれ介した光が受光素子34、35に受光されることにより得られる出力をそれぞれa、b、cとすると、第1の受光素子34からの出力信号はa+cとなるので、同図(E)に示すように、目盛り線エッジ51がスリット36a→36b→36cの順に移動するのに従って、そのレベルが段階的に大きくなるような出力となる。又、第2の受光素子35からの出力信号bは、同図(F)に示すように、スリット36bの通過を境にして高レベルに変化する。差動演算部41では、エッジ検出信号sを
s=a+c−2b
となる演算によって求める。求められるエッジ検出信号sは、同図(G)のように、スリット36bの中央が0で、その前後が一定の傾きで急峻に変化するS字状信号となる。このエッジ検出信号sのゼロクロス点を検出することにより、目盛り線エッジ51の正確な位置を検出することができる。そして、差動演算部41の出力をHPF60に通すことで、オフセット電圧変動、即ち、低周波で変動する成分を削除することができる。
Here, as shown in FIG. 2, when the edge 51 of the magnified image of the scale line of the scale 31 moves, the light passing through the slits 36a, 36b, and 36c is received by the light receiving elements 34 and 35, respectively. If the outputs to be output are a, b, and c, respectively, the output signal from the first light receiving element 34 is a + c. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5E, the graduation line edge 51 has slits 36a → 36b → 36c. The output is such that its level increases step by step as it moves sequentially. Further, the output signal b from the second light receiving element 35 changes to a high level with the passage of the slit 36b as a boundary, as shown in FIG. In the differential operation unit 41, the edge detection signal s is expressed as s = a + c−2b
It is calculated by the following calculation. The obtained edge detection signal s is an S-shaped signal in which the center of the slit 36b is 0 and the front and rear thereof change steeply with a constant slope as shown in FIG. By detecting the zero cross point of the edge detection signal s, the exact position of the scale line edge 51 can be detected. Then, by passing the output of the differential operation unit 41 through the HPF 60, it is possible to eliminate the offset voltage fluctuation, that is, the component that fluctuates at a low frequency.

他の点については、図2に示した従来例と同じであるので、同じ符号を付して説明は省略する。   The other points are the same as those of the conventional example shown in FIG.

なお、前記実施形態においては、本発明が特許文献2に記載のエッジ検出装置に適用されていたが、本発明の適用対象はこれに限定されず、例えば特許文献1に記載されたような同心円状の受光素子を持つエッジ検出装置、特許文献3の記載されたような3つの受光素子を持つエッジ検出装置、特許文献4に記載されたようなS字状パターンが連続した正弦波状パターンを検出対象とするエッジ検出装置等、他のエッジ検出装置にも同様に適用できる。   In the above-described embodiment, the present invention is applied to the edge detection device described in Patent Document 2. However, the application target of the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the concentric circles described in Patent Document 1 are used. Edge detection device having a light receiving element, an edge detection device having three light receiving elements as described in Patent Document 3, and a sine wave pattern in which S-shaped patterns as described in Patent Document 4 are detected The present invention can be similarly applied to other edge detection devices such as a target edge detection device.

更に、検出対象パターンも周期的に連続するものに限定されず、パターンが1つだけ、あるいは間隔が広い場合でも、移動しながら測定することにより、S字状信号が1つ、あるいは、時間間隔が大きく空いた状態で出力されるので、このような場合にも本発明が適用できる。   Furthermore, the detection target pattern is not limited to a periodic continuous pattern, and even when there is only one pattern or when the interval is wide, one S-shaped signal or time interval can be obtained by measuring while moving. Is output in a state of being largely free, the present invention can also be applied to such a case.

特許文献1に記載された先行技術を示す図The figure which shows the prior art described in patent document 1 特許文献2に記載された先行技術を示す図The figure which shows the prior art described in patent document 2 従来の問題点を説明するための図Illustration for explaining conventional problems 特許文献5に記載された先行技術の信号処理を示す図The figure which shows the signal processing of the prior art described in patent document 5 本発明の実施形態の構成を示す図The figure which shows the structure of embodiment of this invention 本発明の実施形態のカットオフ周波数fcを説明するための図The figure for demonstrating the cut-off frequency fc of embodiment of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

31…スケール
32…対物レンズ
33…ビームスプリッタ
34、35…受光素子
36a、36b、36c…スリット
39、40…アンプ
41…差動演算部
60…ハイパスフィルタ(HPF)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 31 ... Scale 32 ... Objective lens 33 ... Beam splitter 34, 35 ... Light receiving element 36a, 36b, 36c ... Slit 39, 40 ... Amplifier 41 ... Differential calculating part 60 ... High pass filter (HPF)

Claims (1)

検出対象パターンの関与を受けた信号から生成したS字状信号が、零レベルをクロスした時に得られる零クロス信号から、検出対象パターンのエッジを検出するようにされたパターンのエッジ検出装置において、
零クロス検出前に前記S字状信号を通すハイパスフィルタを設けたことを特徴とするパターンのエッジ検出装置。
In an edge detection device for a pattern, wherein an edge of a detection target pattern is detected from a zero cross signal obtained when an S-shaped signal generated from a signal subjected to the involvement of a detection target pattern crosses a zero level,
A pattern edge detection apparatus comprising a high-pass filter that passes the S-shaped signal before detecting a zero cross.
JP2006063775A 2006-03-09 2006-03-09 Edge pattern detection device Pending JP2007240348A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011114953A1 (en) 2010-10-12 2012-04-12 Mitutoyo Corp. Origin detection circuit
CN111521206A (en) * 2020-07-03 2020-08-11 武汉智慧地铁科技有限公司 Wavelength demodulation method for fiber grating edge superposition filtering

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005083836A (en) * 2003-09-05 2005-03-31 Ricoh Co Ltd Mark detector, belt conveyer, and image forming device

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005083836A (en) * 2003-09-05 2005-03-31 Ricoh Co Ltd Mark detector, belt conveyer, and image forming device

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011114953A1 (en) 2010-10-12 2012-04-12 Mitutoyo Corp. Origin detection circuit
DE102011114953B4 (en) * 2010-10-12 2013-09-05 Mitutoyo Corp. Origin detection circuit
US8742321B2 (en) 2010-10-12 2014-06-03 Mitutoyo Corporation Origin location detection circuit
CN111521206A (en) * 2020-07-03 2020-08-11 武汉智慧地铁科技有限公司 Wavelength demodulation method for fiber grating edge superposition filtering
CN111521206B (en) * 2020-07-03 2020-10-13 武汉智慧地铁科技有限公司 Wavelength demodulation method for fiber grating edge superposition filtering

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