JP2007229622A - Compression apparatus of waste - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compression apparatus 1 of plastics or the like, in which dust, harmful gasses, bad smells, which harm the environment and are contained in the air to be discharged from a main compression chamber, are decreased. <P>SOLUTION: An air cleaning means 11 communicated with a discharge port 9 of the main compression chamber of a compressor 1 is arranged in the compression apparatus and a primary exhaust gas storage chamber communicated with the main compression chamber is further arranged on the rear side of a main compression piston to level the amount of the air flowing in the air cleaning means 11. As a result, the air to be discharged from the main compression chamber can be cleaned efficiently. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

The present invention relates to an apparatus for compressing waste such as waste plastics, paper, metal and containers made of these materials.

Wastes such as plastics, paper, metal, and containers made of these materials are recycled at the recycling plant. These wastes collected by bagging from home are bulky as they are, and are difficult to handle during transportation and accumulation. For example, in the case of waste plastic, the true specific gravity of plastic is around 1.0, whereas the bulk specific gravity of waste plastic that is simply packaged is, for example, about 0.01 to 0.03. For this reason, these wastes are collected from households, etc., and then compressed into cubes or cuboids to a bulk specific gravity of about 0.3-0.4 using a compressor at an intermediate treatment plant. It is transported to factories.

The reason for the low bulk density is that the bulk of the collected waste is occupied by the encapsulated air. These encapsulated air is discharged into the working chamber during compression.

The air discharged from the compression chamber may be accompanied by fine dust and odor. Waste, which is originally rubbish, is quite dirty and can contain unexpected foreign objects. It is a health problem for workers that these are discharged into the factory.

Recently, especially in the compression of plastics, there are research reports that plastics undergo chemical changes due to compression as well as substances that are mixed in the garbage, and the raw materials and additives of the plastics volatilize and generate harmful gases. .

In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention is a waste compression apparatus for compressing waste put into a compression container by a compressor having a push plate, and formed by the compression vessel and the push plate. An exhaust port is provided in the compression chamber, and harmful components in the air discharged from the compression device are removed by an air cleaning means communicating with the exhaust port.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a waste compression apparatus for compressing waste put into a compression container by a compressor having a push plate, a closed space is formed on the back side of the push plate, and the closed space and the The compression chamber is communicated, and harmful components in the air discharged from the compression device are removed by the air cleaning means communicating with the closed space and the compression chamber. Thereby, the pulsation of the air amount discharged at the time of compression is reduced, and the air cleaning means can be downsized.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, the air purifying means comprises a furnace cloth filter containing a HEPA filter, a filtration with activated carbon, a metal honeycomb catalyst carrying platinum, palladium or titanium oxide as a catalyst species, a catalyst of platinum, palladium or titanium oxide. A ceramic honeycomb catalyst supported as a seed, platinum, palladium, or a pellet supported with titanium oxide as a catalyst seed, or a combination thereof is characterized. Thereby, dust and harmful gas can be removed.

The present invention has the following remarkable effects.
In the compression device such as waste plastic, since the air cleaning means is provided, it is possible to reduce dust, harmful gas, and odor of air discharged from the compression chamber that hinders the environment. Furthermore, by providing an exhaust primary storage chamber in communication with the main compression chamber on the back side of the main compression piston, the amount of air flowing into the air cleaning means is leveled to enable efficient air cleaning.

FIG. 1 is a side view of a compression apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view thereof. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, an exhaust port 9 and an exhaust port cover 10 are provided in the main compression chamber 4, and air purifying means 11 communicating with the exhaust port cover 10 is provided. The exhaust port 9 is formed with a large number of vent holes having a diameter of 10 mm on the lower side surface of the main compression chamber 4.

The operation and function will be described below with reference to the explanatory diagram of FIG.
Waste plastic is put into the precompression chamber 2 (stage 1). Next, the waste plastic is transferred to the main compression chamber 4 by the preliminary compression piston 3 (stage 2). This is repeated 2-3 times, and after the main compression chamber 4 is filled, the main compression piston 5 is actuated to perform compression (stage 3). The air contained at this time is discharged out of the apparatus through the exhaust port 9, the exhaust port cover 10, and the air cleaning means 11.

Stages 1 to 3 are repeated 2-3 times. When the predetermined volume reduction is completed, the gate 7 is opened as shown in the stage 4 and the waste plastic compressed into a rectangular shape by the piston 6 is pushed out to the lashing stage 8. Secure at site.

The air from the main compression chamber 4 is discharged out of the apparatus after dust and harmful gas components are removed by the air cleaning means 9. The air cleaning means 9 is composed of a HEPA filter that captures dust and a metal honeycomb catalyst filter that supports platinum as a catalyst species after heating air to approximately 350 degrees C with an electric heater to decompose volatile gas. (Not shown). Moreover, it has a blower for sucking exhaust air as required. (Not shown)

Although various internal configurations of the air cleaning means 11 are conceivable, since harmful components generated when compressing and reducing waste plastic and waste plastic containers are dust and volatile gas, a furnace cloth filter including a HEPA filter, Filtration with activated carbon, metal honeycomb catalyst with platinum, palladium or titanium oxide supported as catalyst species, ceramic honeycomb catalyst with platinum, palladium or titanium oxide supported as catalyst species, platinum, palladium or titanium oxide supported as catalyst species The pellets were effective.

FIG. 4 shows a partial cross-sectional view of the compression device according to the second embodiment of the present invention as viewed from the side, and FIG. 5 shows the cross-sectional view thereof.
The removal performance of harmful components such as volatile gas by the air cleaning means 11 is the time (referred to as contact time) for the air containing the exhausted harmful gas to pass through the activated carbon and various catalyst layers disposed inside the air cleaning means 11. Is an important parameter and generally requires more than 1 second. Therefore, when the amount of discharged air pulsates, the air cleaning means 11 is designed in accordance with the maximum value of the discharge rate. In the present invention, exhaust from the exhaust port 9 is performed only when the main compression piston 5 descends. For this reason, the slower the lowering speed of the main compression piston 5, the smaller the air cleaning means 11 is. On the other hand, since the descent speed is related to the processing capacity of the compressor, the compression efficiency decreases if the descent speed is slowed down.

The present invention has been made to solve this problem.
As shown in FIG. 4 or 5, the compressor is composed of an exhaust port cover 10 that covers the exhaust port 9, an exhaust primary storage chamber 13 formed on the back of the push plate, a duct 12 that communicates both, and an air purifying means 11. ing. Further, the exhaust primary storage chamber 13 and the air cleaning means 11 are in communication.

The air discharged from the exhaust port 9 is conveyed to the exhaust primary storage chamber 13 through the exhaust port cover 10 and the duct 12. When the main compression piston 5 is lowered, the exhaust primary storage chamber 13 is sequentially increased in volume, and a volume corresponding to the exhaust amount is secured. For this reason, the exhaust gas accompanying the lowering of the piston is primarily stored in the exhaust primary storage chamber 13 and can be prevented from suddenly flowing into the air cleaning means 11.

The air cleaning means 11 has an exhaust pump (not shown), and the exhaust primary storage chamber 13 and the main compression chamber 4 communicating with the exhaust primary storage chamber 13 are always kept at negative pressure. As a result, the inflow of air into the air cleaning means 11 is leveled and air leakage from the main compression chamber 4 to the outside is prevented.

The above action is achieved by communicating the primary exhaust storage chamber 13 provided in the upper part of the main compression piston 5 with the main compression chamber 4 in the lower part of the main compression piston 5. For example, an equivalent effect can be obtained by providing a groove through which air communicates with the side surface of the main compression piston 5 or providing a through hole in the main compression piston 5. Therefore, the method of communicating the exhaust primary storage chamber 13 provided in the upper part of the main compression piston 5 and the main compression chamber 4 in the lower part of the main compression piston 5 is not limited to the above method.

The present invention relates to a device for compressing waste such as waste plastics, paper, metal, and containers made of these materials.

The side view of the compression apparatus in the 1st Embodiment of this invention Sectional drawing of the compression apparatus in the 1st Embodiment of this invention Explanatory drawing of the compression apparatus in the 1st Embodiment of this invention The fragmentary sectional view seen from the side of the compression apparatus in the 2nd Embodiment of this invention Sectional drawing of the compression apparatus in the 2nd Embodiment of this invention

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Compression apparatus 2 ... Pre-compression chamber 3 ... Pre-compression piston 4 ... Main compression chamber 5 ... Main compression piston 6 ... Extrusion piston 7 ... Gate 8 ... Bundling Stage 9 ... exhaust port 10 ... exhaust port cover 11 ... air cleaning means 12 ... duct 13 ... primary exhaust storage chamber

Claims (3)

In a waste compression apparatus for compressing waste put into a compression container by a compressor having a push plate, an exhaust port is provided in a compression chamber formed by the compression container and the push plate, and connected to the exhaust port A waste compression apparatus, wherein harmful components in the air discharged from the compression apparatus are removed by an air cleaning means. In a waste compression apparatus that compresses waste put into a compression container by a compressor having a push plate, a closed space is formed on the back side of the push plate, and the closed space and the compression chamber are communicated with each other. A waste compression apparatus, wherein harmful components in the air discharged from the compression apparatus are removed by an air cleaning means communicating with the closed space and the compression chamber. Furnace filter including HEPA filter, filtration by activated carbon, metal honeycomb catalyst supporting platinum, palladium or titanium oxide as catalyst species, ceramic honeycomb catalyst supporting platinum, palladium or titanium oxide as catalyst species The waste compression apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, comprising any one of pellets carrying platinum, palladium, or titanium oxide as a catalyst species, or a combination thereof.

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