JP2007181758A - Treatment method and treatment chemical for solid waste - Google Patents
Treatment method and treatment chemical for solid waste Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007181758A JP2007181758A JP2006000753A JP2006000753A JP2007181758A JP 2007181758 A JP2007181758 A JP 2007181758A JP 2006000753 A JP2006000753 A JP 2006000753A JP 2006000753 A JP2006000753 A JP 2006000753A JP 2007181758 A JP2007181758 A JP 2007181758A
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- boron
- calcium
- fluorine
- solid waste
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- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title abstract description 15
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- -1 phosphoric acid compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 62
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 abstract description 43
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 71
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 7
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229960001714 calcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229960005069 calcium Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 4
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 3
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007922 dissolution test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- XWKBMOUUGHARTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricalcium;diphosphite Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])[O-].[O-]P([O-])[O-] XWKBMOUUGHARTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- WHQOKFZWSDOTQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydroxypropyl 4-aminobenzoate Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C(=O)OCC(O)CO)C=C1 WHQOKFZWSDOTQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219310 Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910014497 Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Ca+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-] ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Metaphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021536 Sugar beet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YZYDPPZYDIRSJT-UHFFFAOYSA-K boron phosphate Chemical compound [B+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O YZYDPPZYDIRSJT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000149 boron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001622 calcium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YALMXYPQBUJUME-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium chlorate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]Cl(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)=O YALMXYPQBUJUME-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dibromide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Br-].[Br-] WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940062672 calcium dihydrogen phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JUNWLZAGQLJVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium diphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O JUNWLZAGQLJVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940064002 calcium hypophosphite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001382 calcium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ROPDWRCJTIRLTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium metaphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]P(=O)=O.[O-]P(=O)=O ROPDWRCJTIRLTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940043256 calcium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium sulfate hemihydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000019821 dicalcium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019700 dicalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZJIPHXXDPROMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxyphosphanyl dihydrogen phosphite Chemical compound OP(O)OP(O)O ZJIPHXXDPROMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052587 fluorapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940077441 fluorapatite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005816 glass manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVZISJTYELEYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypodiphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)P(O)(O)=O TVZISJTYELEYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000004137 magnesium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000157 magnesium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960002261 magnesium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010994 magnesium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005341 metaphosphate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical compound O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940048084 pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940005657 pyrophosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- CNALVHVMBXLLIY-IUCAKERBSA-N tert-butyl n-[(3s,5s)-5-methylpiperidin-3-yl]carbamate Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CNC[C@@H](NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C1 CNALVHVMBXLLIY-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940048102 triphosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、ホウ素を含有する固体廃棄物の処理方法及び処理薬剤に関する。さらに詳しくは、本発明は、焼却灰、汚染土壌などのホウ素を含有する固体廃棄物中のホウ素を不溶化し、ホウ素の溶出を簡便かつ効果的に防止することができる固体廃棄物の処理方法及び処理薬剤に関する。 The present invention relates to a treatment method and treatment chemical for solid waste containing boron. More specifically, the present invention relates to a solid waste processing method capable of insolubilizing boron in solid waste containing boron such as incineration ash and contaminated soil, and easily and effectively preventing boron elution. It relates to treatment chemicals.
ホウ素化合物は、ガラス、陶器、ほうろう、断熱材、電気メッキ、半導体材料、医薬品、化粧品などのさまざまな用途に使用され、これらの製造工程などから発生する固体廃棄物にはホウ素が含まれている。また、ごみ焼却場の焼却灰や飛灰などにもホウ素が含まれる場合がある。固体廃棄物からホウ素が溶出すると人の健康にかかわる被害が生ずるおそれがあり、過剰のホウ素は水稲や甜菜の生育を阻害するおそれがあるために、平成１５年２月に土壌汚染対策法が施行され、ホウ素の溶出基準値が１.０ｍｇ／Ｌに定められた。 Boron compounds are used in various applications such as glass, pottery, enamel, insulation, electroplating, semiconductor materials, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, etc., and solid waste generated from these manufacturing processes contains boron . Further, incineration ash and fly ash at a garbage incineration plant may contain boron. If boron elutes from solid waste, there is a risk of damage to human health. Excess boron may inhibit the growth of paddy rice and sugar beet, so the Soil Contamination Countermeasures Law was enforced in February 2003. The elution reference value for boron was set at 1.0 mg / L.
ホウ素を含有する固体廃棄物には、ガラス製造工程において発生する固体廃棄物などのように、同時にフッ素を含有する場合がある。土壌汚染対策法には、フッ素の溶出基準値が０.８ｍｇ／Ｌと定められている。このようなホウ素とフッ素を含有する固体廃棄物は、一度の処理でホウ素とフッ素の両者を不溶化し得ることが好ましい。このために、固体廃棄物中に含まれるホウ素とフッ素を不溶化する技術が開発されている。 The solid waste containing boron sometimes contains fluorine at the same time as the solid waste generated in the glass manufacturing process. In the soil pollution control law, the elution reference value of fluorine is set at 0.8 mg / L. Such a solid waste containing boron and fluorine is preferably capable of insolubilizing both boron and fluorine by a single treatment. For this reason, a technique for insolubilizing boron and fluorine contained in solid waste has been developed.
例えば、廃棄物中のフッ素、ホウ素などの溶出を同時に低減し、処理前の有害元素の濃度に拘わらず、処理後の有害元素の溶出濃度を一定基準以下に低減する廃棄物の安定化処理方法として、廃棄物にリン酸を添加撹拌する工程に続いてアルカリ物質を加えて混合処理したのち、又はアルカリ物質を添加撹拌する工程に続いてリン酸を加えて混合処理したのち、又はリン酸及びアルカリ物質を同時に加えて混合処理したのち、廃棄物を静置する養生工程を設けて環境有害物質の難溶化を促進する方法が提案されている（特許文献１）。しかし、この方法では、スラリー状で混練したり、養生を必要とするなど、処理に手間がかかる上に、十分な効果が得られない。 For example, a waste stabilization method that simultaneously reduces the elution of fluorine, boron, etc. in waste and reduces the elution concentration of harmful elements after treatment to below a certain standard regardless of the concentration of harmful elements before treatment. After adding and stirring the phosphoric acid to the waste, the alkaline substance is added and mixed, or after adding and stirring the alkaline substance, the phosphoric acid is added and mixed, or phosphoric acid and A method has been proposed in which an alkaline substance is added at the same time, followed by a mixing treatment, and then a curing process for allowing the waste to stand still is provided to promote the insolubilization of environmentally hazardous substances (Patent Document 1). However, this method takes time for processing such as kneading in a slurry state or requiring curing, and a sufficient effect cannot be obtained.
土壌又は焼却灰からフッ素又はホウ素が溶出し、人の健康や動植物へ悪影響を及ぼすことを防止するフッ素又はホウ素の固化不溶化方法として、土壌又は焼却灰にポルトランドセメントなどの水硬性結合材を添加、混合する方法が提案されている（特許文献２）。また、処理後の土壌が高いアルカリ性になることなく、フッ素又はホウ素を含む土壌若しくは焼却灰を固化することにより、フッ素又はホウ素の溶出を抑制し、同時に強度を発現させる方法として、土壌若しくは焼却灰に酸化マグネシウムを粉体又はスラリー状で添加、混合するフッ素又はホウ素の溶出抑制方法が提案されている（特許文献３）。しかし、これらの方法は、養生を必要として処理に手間がかかる上に、十分な効果が得られない。 Add fluorine binder such as Portland cement to soil or incinerated ash as a solidification and insolubilization method of fluorine or boron to prevent fluorine or boron from eluting from soil or incinerated ash and adversely affecting human health and animals and plants. A method of mixing has been proposed (Patent Document 2). In addition, soil or incinerated ash can be used as a method of suppressing the elution of fluorine or boron and simultaneously developing strength by solidifying the soil or incinerated ash containing fluorine or boron without making the treated soil highly alkaline. A method for suppressing elution of fluorine or boron in which magnesium oxide is added and mixed in the form of powder or slurry is proposed (Patent Document 3). However, these methods require curing and take time for the treatment, and a sufficient effect cannot be obtained.
さらに、フッ素含有固体廃棄物を、容易、効率的かつ安全に処理して、処理物からのフッ素の溶出を防止することができる処理方法として、フッ素含有固体廃棄物にリン酸化合物及びカルシウム化合物を添加して混練する方法が提案されている（特許文献４）。しかし、この提案では、ホウ素については言及されておらず、また、リン酸化合物やカルシウム化合物の種類や処理条件について十分な検討がないので、確実な処理のためには別途検討が必要である。このように、固体廃棄物中のホウ素及びフッ素を、環境基準を満足するレベルで確実に不溶化し得る技術は確立されていない。
本発明は、焼却灰、汚染土壌などのホウ素を含有する固体廃棄物中のホウ素を不溶化し、ホウ素の溶出を簡便かつ効果的に防止することができる固体廃棄物の処理方法及び処理薬剤を提供することを目的としてなされたものである。 The present invention provides a solid waste treatment method and treatment chemical that can insolubilize boron in solid waste containing boron such as incinerated ash and contaminated soil, and can easily and effectively prevent boron elution. It was made for the purpose of doing.
本発明者らは、上記の課題を解決すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、ホウ素又はホウ素とフッ素とを含有する固体廃棄物にリン酸化合物とカルシウム化合物を加えて混合することにより、ホウ素又はホウ素とフッ素とを不溶化して、土壌汚染対策法に規定される環境基準値以下に溶出量を低下させ得ることを見いだし、この知見に基づいて本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have added boron phosphate or calcium compound to solid waste containing boron or boron and fluorine, and mixed them. And fluorine were insolubilized, and it was found that the amount of elution could be reduced below the environmental standard value stipulated in the Soil Contamination Countermeasures Law, and the present invention was completed based on this finding.
すなわち、本発明は、
（１）ホウ素を含有する固形物に対してリン酸化合物とカルシウム化合物を加えて混合し、ホウ素を不溶化することを特徴とする固体廃棄物の処理方法、
（２）ホウ素とフッ素を含有する固形物に対してリン酸化合物とカルシウム化合物を加えて混合し、ホウ素とフッ素を不溶化することを特徴とする固体廃棄物の処理方法、
（３）リン酸化合物が、オルトリン酸である(１)又は(２)に記載の固体廃棄物の処理方法、
（４）カルシウム化合物が、水酸化カルシウムである(１)又は(２)に記載の固体廃棄物の処理方法、
（５）リン酸化合物がオルトリン酸であり、カルシウム化合物が水酸化カルシウムであって、オルトリン酸の添加量が、水酸化カルシウムに対して０.１〜１当量倍である(１)又は(２)に記載の固体廃棄物の処理方法、及び、
（６）固体状のリン酸化合物と固体状のカルシウム化合物とを含む粉体からなることを特徴とする固体廃棄物の処理薬剤、
を提供するものである。
That is, the present invention
(1) A solid waste treatment method comprising adding a phosphoric acid compound and a calcium compound to a solid containing boron and mixing the mixture to insolubilize the boron,
(2) A solid waste treatment method characterized by adding a phosphoric acid compound and a calcium compound to a solid containing boron and fluorine and mixing to insolubilize boron and fluorine,
(3) The solid waste treatment method according to (1) or (2), wherein the phosphoric acid compound is orthophosphoric acid,
(4) The solid waste treatment method according to (1) or (2), wherein the calcium compound is calcium hydroxide,
(5) The phosphoric acid compound is orthophosphoric acid, the calcium compound is calcium hydroxide, and the addition amount of orthophosphoric acid is 0.1 to 1 equivalent times the calcium hydroxide (1) or (2 ) Processing method of solid waste according to
(6) A solid waste treatment agent comprising a powder containing a solid phosphate compound and a solid calcium compound,
Is to provide.
本発明の固体廃棄物の処理方法及び処理薬剤によれば、ホウ素を含有する固形物にリン酸化合物とカルシウム化合物を加えて混合するという簡便な操作により、ホウ素を不溶化することができ、さらにフッ素が共存する場合はフッ素をも同時に不溶化して、ホウ素とフッ素の溶出量を、土壌汚染対策法に規定される環境基準値以下に低下させることができる。 According to the solid waste treatment method and treatment agent of the present invention, boron can be insolubilized by a simple operation of adding and mixing a phosphoric acid compound and a calcium compound to a boron-containing solid, and further fluorine. In the case of coexisting, fluorine can be insolubilized at the same time, and the elution amount of boron and fluorine can be reduced below the environmental standard value stipulated in the Soil Contamination Countermeasures Law.
本発明の固体廃棄物の処理方法においては、ホウ素を含有する固形物に対してリン酸化合物とカルシウム化合物を加えて混合し、ホウ素を不溶化する。本発明方法においては、ホウ素を含有する固体廃棄物がフッ素も含有する場合、リン酸化合物とカルシウム化合物を加えて混合することにより、ホウ素とフッ素を不溶化することができる。 In the solid waste processing method of the present invention, a phosphate compound and a calcium compound are added to and mixed with a solid material containing boron to insolubilize boron. In the method of the present invention, when the solid waste containing boron also contains fluorine, boron and fluorine can be insolubilized by adding and mixing the phosphoric acid compound and the calcium compound.
本発明方法に用いるリン酸化合物としては、例えば、オルトリン酸、次亜リン酸、メタ亜リン酸、ピロ亜リン酸、正亜リン酸、次リン酸、メタリン酸、ピロリン酸、三リン酸、縮合リン酸などのリン酸類、リン酸二水素ナトリウム、リン酸水素二ナトリウム、リン酸ナトリウム、リン酸二水素カリウム、リン酸水素二カリウム、リン酸カリウム、リン酸マグネシウムなどのリン酸塩類などを挙げることができる。これらの中で、オルトリン酸（Ｈ3ＰＯ4）及びその塩を好適に使用することができる。本発明方法において、リン酸化合物の添加量に特に制限はなく、固体廃棄物のホウ素含有量などに応じて適宜選択することができるが、通常はホウ素を含有する固体廃棄物１００重量部に対して、０.５〜１５重量部であることが好ましく、１〜１０重量部であることがより好ましい。 Examples of the phosphoric acid compound used in the method of the present invention include orthophosphoric acid, hypophosphorous acid, metaphosphorous acid, pyrophosphorous acid, orthophosphorous acid, hypophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, triphosphoric acid, Phosphoric acids such as condensed phosphoric acid, phosphates such as sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, etc. Can be mentioned. Among these, orthophosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) and a salt thereof can be preferably used. In the method of the present invention, the amount of the phosphoric acid compound added is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the boron content of the solid waste, etc., but is usually 100 parts by weight of the solid waste containing boron. It is preferably 0.5 to 15 parts by weight, and more preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight.
本発明方法に用いるカルシウム化合物としては、例えば、酸化カルシウム、水酸化カルシウム、塩化カルシウム、臭化カルシウム、次亜塩素酸カルシウム、塩素酸カルシウム、過塩素酸カルシウム、硝酸カルシウム、硫酸カルシウム、炭酸カルシウムなどを挙げることができる。これらの中で、水酸化カルシウム及び硫酸カルシウムを好適に用いることができる。本発明方法において、カルシウム化合物の添加量に特に制限はなく、固体廃棄物のホウ素含有量などに応じて適宜選択することができるが、通常はホウ素を含有する固体廃棄物１００重量部に対して、０.５〜２０重量部であることが好ましく、２〜１５重量部であることがより好ましい。 Examples of the calcium compound used in the method of the present invention include calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium chloride, calcium bromide, calcium hypochlorite, calcium chlorate, calcium perchlorate, calcium nitrate, calcium sulfate, and calcium carbonate. Can be mentioned. Of these, calcium hydroxide and calcium sulfate can be preferably used. In the method of the present invention, the amount of calcium compound added is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the boron content of the solid waste, etc., but is usually 100 parts by weight of the solid waste containing boron. 0.5 to 20 parts by weight, and more preferably 2 to 15 parts by weight.
本発明方法においては、リン酸根とカルシウムを含有する化合物をリン酸化合物兼カルシウム化合物として用いることができる。すなわち、ホウ素を含有する固体廃棄物に、リン酸根とカルシウムを含有する１種の化合物を加えて、リン酸化合物とカルシウム化合物を加えたことにすることができる。このようなリン酸根とカルシウムを含有する化合物としては、例えば、リン酸二水素カルシウム、リン酸一水素カルシウム、リン酸カルシウム、次亜リン酸カルシウム、亜リン酸カルシウム、次リン酸カルシウム、メタリン酸カルシウム、ピロリン酸カルシウム、ヒドロキシアパタイトなどを挙げることができる。これらの中で、リン酸カルシウム及びヒドロキシアパタイトを好適に用いることができる。本発明方法において、リン酸根とカルシウムを含有する化合物の添加量に特に制限はなく、固体廃棄物のホウ素含有量などに応じて適宜選択することができるが、通常はホウ素を含有する固体廃棄物１００重量部に対して、１〜５０重量部であることが好ましく、５〜２０重量部であることがより好ましい。 In the method of the present invention, a compound containing a phosphate group and calcium can be used as the phosphate compound and calcium compound. That is, it is possible to add a phosphate compound and a calcium compound to a solid waste containing boron by adding one compound containing a phosphate group and calcium. Examples of such compounds containing phosphate groups and calcium include calcium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, calcium phosphate, calcium hypophosphite, calcium phosphite, calcium hypophosphate, calcium metaphosphate, calcium pyrophosphate, hydroxyapatite and the like. Can be mentioned. Of these, calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite can be suitably used. In the method of the present invention, the addition amount of the compound containing phosphate radical and calcium is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the boron content of the solid waste, but usually the solid waste containing boron It is preferable that it is 1-50 weight part with respect to 100 weight part, and it is more preferable that it is 5-20 weight part.
本発明方法においては、リン酸化合物がオルトリン酸であり、カルシウム化合物が水酸化カルシウムであるとき、オルトリン酸の添加量が、水酸化カルシウムに対して０.１〜１当量倍であることが好ましく、０.２〜０.８当量倍であることがより好ましい。ホウ素を含有する固体廃棄物に対する水酸化カルシウムの添加量を一定に保ったまま、オルトリン酸の添加量を増していくと、使用する薬剤の全量が増加するとともに、水酸化カルシウムに対するオルトリン酸の当量倍数も上昇する。このとき、使用する薬剤の全量が増加するにも拘わらず、水酸化カルシウムに対するオルトリン酸の当量倍数が上昇すると、ホウ素及びフッ素の不溶化効果が低下し、処理された固体廃棄物からのホウ素及びフッ素の溶出濃度が上昇する。オルトリン酸の添加量が水酸化カルシウムに対して０.１当量倍未満であると、ホウ素及びフッ素に対する不溶化効果が十分に発現しないおそれがある。オルトリン酸の添加量が水酸化カルシウムに対して１当量倍を超えると、添加する薬剤の全量が増加しても、ホウ素及びフッ素に対する不溶化効果が低下する。 In the method of the present invention, when the phosphoric acid compound is orthophosphoric acid and the calcium compound is calcium hydroxide, the amount of orthophosphoric acid added is preferably 0.1 to 1 equivalent times the calcium hydroxide. More preferably, the ratio is 0.2 to 0.8 equivalent times. Increasing the amount of orthophosphoric acid while keeping the amount of calcium hydroxide added to solid waste containing boron constant increases the total amount of drug used and the equivalent of orthophosphoric acid to calcium hydroxide. Multiples also increase. At this time, when the equivalent multiple of orthophosphoric acid relative to calcium hydroxide increases despite the increase in the total amount of chemicals used, the insolubilizing effect of boron and fluorine decreases, and boron and fluorine from the treated solid waste are reduced. The elution concentration of increases. If the amount of orthophosphoric acid added is less than 0.1 equivalent to calcium hydroxide, the effect of insolubilizing boron and fluorine may not be sufficiently exhibited. If the amount of orthophosphoric acid added exceeds 1 equivalent to calcium hydroxide, the insolubilizing effect on boron and fluorine will be reduced even if the total amount of drug added is increased.
本発明方法において、固体廃棄物に含まれるホウ素及びフッ素が不溶化される詳細な機構は明らかではないが、ホウ素は、リン酸化合物とカルシウム化合物から生成するリン酸カルシウムや、固体廃棄物中に共存する酸化アルミニウムとカルシウム化合物から生成するアルミン酸カルシウムなどに吸着固定されると考えられる。また、フッ素は、リン酸化合物とカルシウム化合物がフッ素と非常に安定なフッ素アパタイトを形成することにより固定されると推定される。 In the method of the present invention, the detailed mechanism by which boron and fluorine contained in solid waste are insolubilized is not clear, but boron is a calcium phosphate produced from a phosphoric acid compound and a calcium compound, and oxidation that coexists in solid waste. It is thought to be adsorbed and fixed on calcium aluminate produced from aluminum and calcium compounds. Fluorine is presumed to be fixed by the phosphoric acid compound and calcium compound forming a very stable fluorapatite with fluorine.
本発明の固体廃棄物の処理薬剤は、固体状のリン酸化合物と固体状のカルシウム化合物とを含む粉体からなる。固体状のリン酸化合物と固体状のカルシウム化合物とを用いることにより、リン酸化合物とカルシウム化合物を混合して一剤化することが可能となり、液体と固体を併用する煩雑さをなくすことができる。固体状のリン酸化合物としては、例えば、オルトリン酸塩、ポリリン酸塩、メタリン酸塩、ピロリン酸塩などを挙げることができる。これらの固体状のリン酸化合物の中で、リン酸二水素ナトリウムを好適に用いることができる。固体状のカルシウム化合物としては、例えば、酸化カルシウム、水酸化カルシウム、硫酸カルシウム、炭酸カルシウムなどを挙げることができる。これらの固体状のカルシウム化合物の中で、水酸化カルシウム及び硫酸カルシウム半水和物を好適に用いることができる。 The solid waste treatment agent of the present invention comprises a powder containing a solid phosphate compound and a solid calcium compound. By using a solid phosphoric acid compound and a solid calcium compound, it becomes possible to mix the phosphoric acid compound and the calcium compound into one agent, thereby eliminating the inconvenience of using a liquid and a solid together. . Examples of the solid phosphate compound include orthophosphate, polyphosphate, metaphosphate, pyrophosphate and the like. Among these solid phosphoric acid compounds, sodium dihydrogen phosphate can be suitably used. Examples of the solid calcium compound include calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium sulfate, and calcium carbonate. Among these solid calcium compounds, calcium hydroxide and calcium sulfate hemihydrate can be suitably used.
本発明の固体廃棄物の処理方法及び処理薬剤によれば、固体廃棄物中に含まれるフッ素及びホウ素を不溶化してその溶出を防止することができるが、ホウ素とフッ素に限らず、鉛、ヒ素、セレンなどに対しても不溶化効果が発現し、有害重金属類の溶出も防止することができる。本発明方法及び薬剤を適用する固体廃棄物としては、例えば、焼却炉、発電ボイラなどから排出される飛灰や、汚染土壌、汚泥などを挙げることができる。 According to the solid waste treatment method and treatment chemical of the present invention, fluorine and boron contained in the solid waste can be insolubilized to prevent elution, but not only boron and fluorine but also lead and arsenic. Also, insolubilizing effects are exhibited with respect to selenium and the like, and elution of harmful heavy metals can be prevented. Examples of the solid waste to which the method and the chemical of the present invention are applied include fly ash discharged from an incinerator, a power generation boiler, and the like, contaminated soil, sludge, and the like.
以下に、実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例によりなんら限定されるものではない。
なお、実施例及び比較例において、ホウ素、フッ素、鉛、ヒ素及びセレンの溶出試験は、平成３年環境庁告示第４６号に定められた方法に準じて行った。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
In Examples and Comparative Examples, the dissolution test of boron, fluorine, lead, arsenic and selenium was conducted according to the method defined in 1994 Environment Agency Notification No. 46.
実施例１
石炭を主燃料とする発電ボイラから発生する飛灰（石炭灰）について溶出試験を行ったところ、ホウ素は４.５ｍｇ／Ｌ、フッ素は３.３ｍｇ／Ｌであり、環境基準値であるホウ素１.０ｍｇ／Ｌ、フッ素０.８ｍｇ／Ｌを大きく上回った。土壌汚染対策法に第二種特定有害物質として定められている鉛、ヒ素、セレンについても溶出試験を行った。鉛０.００５ｍｇ／Ｌ、ヒ素０.０４５ｍｇ／Ｌ、セレン０.０２９ｍｇ／Ｌであった。
この石炭灰１００重量部に対して、７５重量％オルトリン酸水溶液２重量部と、水酸化カルシウム３重量部とを添加し、フッ素樹脂製スパーテルを用いて均一に混合し、溶出試験を行った。オルトリン酸の添加量は水酸化カルシウムに対して０.５７当量倍である。ホウ素の溶出濃度は検出限界の０.１ｍｇ／Ｌ未満であり、フッ素の溶出濃度は検出限界の０.２ｍｇ／Ｌ未満であり、ホウ素、フッ素ともに不溶化されたことが分かった。鉛は検出限界の０.００１ｍｇ／Ｌ未満、ヒ素は検出限界の０.００５ｍｇ／Ｌ未満、セレンは検出限界の０.００５ｍｇ／Ｌ未満であった。
実施例１の結果を、第１表に示す。
Example 1
When elution tests were conducted on fly ash (coal ash) generated from a power generation boiler using coal as the main fuel, boron was 4.5 mg / L, fluorine was 3.3 mg / L, and boron 1 is the environmental standard value. It was significantly higher than 0.0 mg / L and 0.8 mg / L of fluorine. Dissolution tests were also conducted on lead, arsenic, and selenium, which are stipulated as second-class specific hazardous substances in the Soil Contamination Countermeasures Law. The lead content was 0.005 mg / L, arsenic 0.045 mg / L, and selenium 0.029 mg / L.
To 100 parts by weight of the coal ash, 2 parts by weight of a 75% by weight orthophosphoric acid aqueous solution and 3 parts by weight of calcium hydroxide were added and mixed uniformly using a fluororesin spatula to conduct an elution test. The amount of orthophosphoric acid added is 0.57 equivalent times the calcium hydroxide. The elution concentration of boron was less than the detection limit of 0.1 mg / L, and the elution concentration of fluorine was less than the detection limit of 0.2 mg / L, indicating that both boron and fluorine were insolubilized. Lead was below the detection limit of 0.001 mg / L, arsenic was below the detection limit of 0.005 mg / L, and selenium was below the detection limit of 0.005 mg / L.
The results of Example 1 are shown in Table 1.
第１表に見られるように、石炭灰にオルトリン酸と水酸化カルシウムを添加して混合することにより、ホウ素、フッ素のみならず、鉛、ヒ素、セレンも不溶化されて、溶出濃度が検出限界未満まで低下する。 As can be seen in Table 1, by adding and mixing orthophosphoric acid and calcium hydroxide to coal ash, not only boron and fluorine but also lead, arsenic and selenium are insolubilized, and the elution concentration is below the detection limit. To fall.
実施例２
石炭灰１００重量部に、リン酸二水素ナトリウム２重量部と水酸化カルシウム３重量部を添加した以外は、実施例１と同様に処理して、ホウ素とフッ素の溶出濃度を測定した。ホウ素は検出限界の０.１ｍｇ／Ｌ未満であり、フッ素は検出限界の０.２ｍｇ／Ｌ未満であった。
実施例３
石炭灰１００重量部に、トリポリリン酸ナトリウム３重量部と水酸化カルシウム３重量部を添加した以外は、実施例１と同様に処理して、ホウ素とフッ素の溶出濃度を測定した。ホウ素は０.４ｍｇ／Ｌであり、フッ素は０.８ｍｇ／Ｌであった。
実施例４
石炭灰１００重量部に、ピロリン酸ナトリウム３重量部と水酸化カルシウム３重量部を添加した以外は、実施例１と同様に処理して、ホウ素とフッ素の溶出濃度を測定した。ホウ素は０.８ｍｇ／Ｌであり、フッ素は０.６ｍｇ／Ｌであった。
実施例５
石炭灰１００重量部に、リン酸カルシウム１０重量部を添加した以外は、実施例１と同様に処理して、ホウ素とフッ素の溶出濃度を測定した。ホウ素は０.６ｍｇ／Ｌであり、フッ素は０.４ｍｇ／Ｌであった。
実施例６
石炭灰１００重量部に、ヒドロキシアパタイト［和光純薬工業(株)、Ｃａ10(ＰＯ4)6(ＯＨ)2］１０重量部を添加した以外は、実施例１と同様に処理して、ホウ素とフッ素の溶出濃度を測定した。ホウ素は０.８ｍｇ／Ｌであり、フッ素は０.８ｍｇ／Ｌであった。
Example 2
The elution concentrations of boron and fluorine were measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 2 parts by weight of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and 3 parts by weight of calcium hydroxide were added to 100 parts by weight of coal ash. Boron was below the detection limit of 0.1 mg / L, and fluorine was below the detection limit of 0.2 mg / L.
Example 3
The elution concentrations of boron and fluorine were measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 3 parts by weight of sodium tripolyphosphate and 3 parts by weight of calcium hydroxide were added to 100 parts by weight of coal ash. Boron was 0.4 mg / L and fluorine was 0.8 mg / L.
Example 4
The elution concentrations of boron and fluorine were measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 3 parts by weight of sodium pyrophosphate and 3 parts by weight of calcium hydroxide were added to 100 parts by weight of coal ash. Boron was 0.8 mg / L and fluorine was 0.6 mg / L.
Example 5
Except for adding 10 parts by weight of calcium phosphate to 100 parts by weight of coal ash, treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to measure the elution concentrations of boron and fluorine. Boron was 0.6 mg / L and fluorine was 0.4 mg / L.
Example 6
The same treatment as in Example 1 was conducted except that 10 parts by weight of hydroxyapatite [Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ] was added to 100 parts by weight of coal ash. And the elution concentration of fluorine was measured. Boron was 0.8 mg / L and fluorine was 0.8 mg / L.
比較例１
石炭灰１００重量部に、７５重量％オルトリン酸水溶液５重量部を添加した以外は、実施例１と同様に処理して、ホウ素とフッ素の溶出濃度を測定した。ホウ素は３.０ｍｇ／Ｌであり、フッ素は０.２ｍｇ／Ｌであった。
比較例２
石炭灰１００重量部に、水酸化カルシウム５重量部を添加した以外は、実施例１と同様に処理して、ホウ素とフッ素の溶出濃度を測定した。ホウ素は２.０ｍｇ／Ｌであり、フッ素は１.２ｍｇ／Ｌであった。
比較例３
石炭灰１００重量部に、酸化マグネシウム５重量部を添加した以外は、実施例１と同様に処理して、ホウ素とフッ素の溶出濃度を測定した。ホウ素は１.１ｍｇ／Ｌであり、フッ素は０.４ｍｇ／Ｌであった。
実施例１〜６及び比較例１〜３の結果を、第２表に示す。
Comparative Example 1
The elution concentrations of boron and fluorine were measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 5 parts by weight of 75% by weight orthophosphoric acid solution was added to 100 parts by weight of coal ash. Boron was 3.0 mg / L and fluorine was 0.2 mg / L.
Comparative Example 2
Except for adding 5 parts by weight of calcium hydroxide to 100 parts by weight of coal ash, the same treatment as in Example 1 was performed to measure the elution concentrations of boron and fluorine. Boron was 2.0 mg / L and fluorine was 1.2 mg / L.
Comparative Example 3
Except for adding 5 parts by weight of magnesium oxide to 100 parts by weight of coal ash, the same treatment as in Example 1 was performed to measure the elution concentrations of boron and fluorine. Boron was 1.1 mg / L and fluorine was 0.4 mg / L.
The results of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 2.
第２表に見られるように、石炭灰にリン酸化合物とカルシウム化合物を添加して処理した実施例１〜４では、ホウ素とフッ素の溶出濃度が低く、ホウ素とフッ素が不溶化されている。特に、リン酸化合物として、オルトリン酸を用いた実施例１と、リン酸二水素ナトリウムを用いた実施例２では、ホウ素、フッ素ともに溶出濃度が検出限界未満まで低下している。リン酸化合物とカルシウム化合物として、リン酸化合物でもあり、カルシウム化合物でもあるリン酸カルシウムを加えた実施例５と、ヒドロキシアパタイトを加えた実施例６でも、ホウ素、フッ素ともに溶出濃度が低下している。
これに対して、石炭灰にリン酸化合物のみを添加した比較例１と、カルシウム化合物のみを添加した比較例２では、ホウ素に対する不溶化効果が不十分である。水硬性結合剤である酸化マグネシウムを添加した比較例３でも、ホウ素に対する不溶化効果がやや不十分である。
As can be seen from Table 2, in Examples 1 to 4 in which the phosphoric acid compound and the calcium compound were added to the coal ash and processed, the elution concentrations of boron and fluorine were low, and boron and fluorine were insolubilized. In particular, in Example 1 using orthophosphoric acid as the phosphoric acid compound and Example 2 using sodium dihydrogen phosphate, the elution concentrations of both boron and fluorine are reduced below the detection limit. In Example 5 in which calcium phosphate, which is a phosphoric acid compound and calcium compound as a phosphoric acid compound and a calcium compound, was added, and in Example 6 in which hydroxyapatite was added, the elution concentrations of both boron and fluorine were lowered.
On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1 in which only a phosphoric acid compound is added to coal ash and Comparative Example 2 in which only a calcium compound is added, the insolubilizing effect on boron is insufficient. Even in Comparative Example 3 to which magnesium oxide, which is a hydraulic binder, is added, the effect of insolubilization with respect to boron is slightly insufficient.
実施例７
石炭灰１００重量部に対して、７５重量％オルトリン酸水溶液３重量部と、水酸化カルシウム３重量部とを添加した以外は、実施例１と同様に処理した。水酸化カルシウムの添加量はオルトリン酸に対して０.８５当量倍である。ホウ素の溶出濃度は０.５ｍｇ／Ｌであり、フッ素の溶出濃度は０.２ｍｇ／Ｌであった。
実施例８
石炭灰１００重量部に対して、７５重量％オルトリン酸水溶液５重量部と、水酸化カルシウム３重量部とを添加した以外は、実施例１と同様に処理した。水酸化カルシウムの添加量はオルトリン酸に対して１.４１当量倍である。ホウ素の溶出濃度は１.２ｍｇ／Ｌであり、フッ素の溶出濃度は０.７ｍｇ／Ｌであった。
Example 7
It processed like Example 1 except having added 3 weight part of 75 weight% orthophosphoric acid aqueous solution and 3 weight part of calcium hydroxide with respect to 100 weight part of coal ash. The amount of calcium hydroxide added is 0.85 equivalent times the orthophosphoric acid. The elution concentration of boron was 0.5 mg / L, and the elution concentration of fluorine was 0.2 mg / L.
Example 8
It processed like Example 1 except having added 5 weight part of 75 weight% orthophosphoric acid aqueous solution and 3 weight part of calcium hydroxide with respect to 100 weight part of coal ash. The amount of calcium hydroxide added is 1.41 equivalent times the amount of orthophosphoric acid. The elution concentration of boron was 1.2 mg / L, and the elution concentration of fluorine was 0.7 mg / L.
実施例９
石炭灰１００重量部に対して、７５重量％オルトリン酸水溶液２重量部と、水酸化カルシウム６重量部とを添加した以外は、実施例１と同様に処理した。水酸化カルシウムの添加量はオルトリン酸に対して０.２８当量倍である。ホウ素の溶出濃度は検出限界の０.１ｍｇ／Ｌ未満であり、フッ素の溶出濃度は検出限界の０.２ｍｇ／Ｌ未満であった。
実施例１０
石炭灰１００重量部に対して、７５重量％オルトリン酸水溶液４重量部と、水酸化カルシウム６重量部とを添加した以外は、実施例１と同様に処理した。水酸化カルシウムの添加量はオルトリン酸に対して０.５７当量倍である。ホウ素の溶出濃度は検出限界の０.１ｍｇ／Ｌ未満であり、フッ素の溶出濃度は検出限界の０.２ｍｇ／Ｌ未満であった。
実施例１１
石炭灰１００重量部に対して、７５重量％オルトリン酸水溶液８重量部と、水酸化カルシウム６重量部とを添加した以外は、実施例１と同様に処理した。水酸化カルシウムの添加量はオルトリン酸に対して１.１３当量倍である。ホウ素の溶出濃度は１.０ｍｇ／Ｌであり、フッ素の溶出濃度は０.３ｍｇ／Ｌであった。
実施例１及び実施例７〜１１の結果を第３表に示す。
Example 9
It processed like Example 1 except having added 2 weight part of 75 weight% orthophosphoric acid aqueous solution and 6 weight part of calcium hydroxide with respect to 100 weight part of coal ash. The amount of calcium hydroxide added is 0.28 equivalent times the amount of orthophosphoric acid. The elution concentration of boron was less than the detection limit of 0.1 mg / L, and the elution concentration of fluorine was less than the detection limit of 0.2 mg / L.
Example 10
It processed like Example 1 except having added 4 weight part of 75 weight% orthophosphoric acid aqueous solution and 6 weight part of calcium hydroxide with respect to 100 weight part of coal ash. The amount of calcium hydroxide added is 0.57 equivalent times the amount of orthophosphoric acid. The elution concentration of boron was less than the detection limit of 0.1 mg / L, and the elution concentration of fluorine was less than the detection limit of 0.2 mg / L.
Example 11
It processed like Example 1 except having added 8 weight part of 75 weight% orthophosphoric acid aqueous solution and 6 weight part of calcium hydroxide with respect to 100 weight part of coal ash. The amount of calcium hydroxide added is 1.13 equivalent times the amount of orthophosphoric acid. The elution concentration of boron was 1.0 mg / L, and the elution concentration of fluorine was 0.3 mg / L.
The results of Example 1 and Examples 7 to 11 are shown in Table 3.
第３表に見られるように、実施例１、実施例７及び実施例８を比較すると、この順にオルトリン酸水溶液の添加量が増え、水酸化カルシウムの添加量は一定であり、全体として薬剤の使用量は増加しているが、オルトリン酸水溶液の添加量が多く、水酸化カルシウムに対するオルトリン酸の当量倍が大きくなると、ホウ素とフッ素の溶出濃度が高くなり、不溶化効果が低下している。実施例９、実施例１０及び実施例１１についても、同様な傾向が認められる。 As can be seen in Table 3, when Example 1, Example 7 and Example 8 are compared, the amount of the aqueous orthophosphoric acid solution increases in this order, the amount of calcium hydroxide added is constant, Although the amount used is increasing, when the amount of the orthophosphoric acid aqueous solution added is large and the equivalent times of orthophosphoric acid to calcium hydroxide is increased, the elution concentration of boron and fluorine is increased and the insolubilizing effect is lowered. A similar tendency is observed for Example 9, Example 10, and Example 11.
本発明の固体廃棄物の処理方法及び処理薬剤によれば、ホウ素を含有する固形物にリン酸化合物とカルシウム化合物を加えて混合するという簡便な操作により、ホウ素を不溶化することができ、さらにフッ素が共存する場合はフッ素をも同時に不溶化して、ホウ素とフッ素の溶出量を、土壌汚染対策法に規定される環境基準値以下に低下させることができる。 According to the solid waste treatment method and treatment agent of the present invention, boron can be insolubilized by a simple operation of adding and mixing a phosphoric acid compound and a calcium compound to a boron-containing solid, and further fluorine. In the case of coexisting, fluorine can be insolubilized at the same time, and the elution amount of boron and fluorine can be reduced below the environmental standard value stipulated in the Soil Contamination Countermeasures Law.
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