JP2007159540A - Feed efficiency improving method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technology aimed to be completed, having effect of drawing at maximum ability of nutrient components of valuable sources to be used for fish and shellfish culturing feed, such as fish powder and fish oil which are scarce in the world and increased in price rise pressure, and soybeans, corns and wheat whose yield changes according to a weather condition and whose quantity supplied and price are influenced, and restraining rise of feed expenses and contributing to management stability of fish farmers through finding unused inexpensive materials in a culture field, and applying the materials as feed or a feed additive. <P>SOLUTION: Administering effect to cultured fish and shellfish is eagerly studied, paying attention to the fact that much of residue after extracting essence of bamboo and bamboo grass whose various functions are expressed are uselessly wasted. As a result of this, effect of remarkably improving fish and shellfish culturing feed efficiency is found out. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention improves the efficiency of the feed for cultured seafood by administering the extract extraction residue of the bamboo family, contributes to the aquaculture industry by significantly promoting growth, and effectively uses unused resources. It is about technology to plan.

  In Japan, various seafood are cultivated on the sea and inland waters.

  Inland aquaculture is completely mixed feed, but sea surface aquaculture is progressing considerably, but anchovy, small mackerel, small horse mackerel, squid and other fish are still distributed as raw feed. Many aquaculture farms are mixed with powdered mixed feed and formed into pellets for feeding.

  In recent years, the catch of sardines that have supported Japan's marine aquaculture industry using fish meal and fish oil that have been caught in large quantities in the nearby seas has drastically decreased in recent years. Due to the lack of raw aquaculture feed itself and the domestic production of fish meal and fish oil, which are indispensable for blended feeds, the majority of fish meal and fish oil, which are the main ingredients of blended feed for sea surface farming, are mostly Peru and Although it has become dependent on imported goods from South America such as Chile, this supply is not without fear.

  In addition, soybeans, corn, wheat, etc. are also used in the formula feed. In Japan, most of these ingredients depend on imports from other countries such as the United States.

  In recent years, the cultivation of seafood has become increasingly popular in other countries such as Northern Europe, China, Southeast Asia, and North America, and as a result, fish meal and fish oil, which are the main ingredients of aquaculture feed, have been tightened worldwide, and their prices have soared. is doing.

  Furthermore, in Japan, the fish price and consumption of cultured seafood are significantly sluggish due to the long-term recession, making the management of the aquaculture traders very difficult. Since the aquaculture industry is an economic activity, its feed is required to have high economic efficiency in addition to the basic performance represented by feed efficiency.

  On the other hand, bamboo and sasa are plants belonging to the family Gramineae, Bambooaceae, and are valuable biomass (biological resources) that contain components that exhibit immune enhancement, detoxification, diuresis, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. Is allowed.

  For example, there is a method for producing a bear extract extract (Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 61-28350 (Patent Document 1)). This is characterized by the fact that horses prefer to eat kumagi, but it is difficult to secure kumagi, so kumagi extract is given as feed.

  Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-151928 (Patent Document 2) describes “Feed additive containing bamboo or bamboo extract components”. This is intended to reduce the morbidity of pets and the like.

  Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-58222 (Patent Document 3) describes “basic feed for livestock using bamboo as a raw material, mixed feed, and methods for producing them”. This produces a bamboo pulverized material, which is used as a basic feed.

  Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-18692 (Patent Document 4) describes “a livestock feed characterized by containing a live fungicide, an organic acid, and a carbonized material.” Is illustrated.

  However, the use effects of bamboo and bamboo described in these documents mainly include health maintenance, reduction of smell of feces, improvement of meat quality, and effective use of unused resources.

  As already mentioned, the cost of cultured fish and shellfish feed will increase further in the future due to the global tightening of its main raw materials, so price reductions can not be expected even if price increases can be expected. The sluggish sales of fish and the low price of fish have added, and the aquaculture industry is in a situation of triple struggle.

  Farmers are eager to develop feed additives that maximize the performance of blended feed or feed that exhibits higher productivity at a lower cost than ever before.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-28350 JP 2005-151928 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-58222 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-18692

  Fish meals and fish oils that are under pressure worldwide, and that are used for fish farming feeds such as soybeans, corn, and wheat, whose yields and prices vary depending on climatic conditions. It has the effect of maximizing the ability of the nutritional components of valuable resources, and by discovering inexpensive raw materials that are not used in the aquaculture field and applying them as feed or feed additives, The challenge is to complete the technology that helps to stabilize the farmer's management by restraining the rise of fishery.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have paid attention to the fact that most of the residue after extracting the bamboo and sasa extract, which has been described for various functions, is wasted. As a result of intensive research on the effect of administration to the animal, it was found that it shows the effect of significantly improving feed efficiency, and the present invention was completed.

That is, the present invention
(1) A fish and shellfish aquaculture feed containing an extract extraction residue of a bamboo family or a dried product thereof,
(2) Additives for fish and shellfish aquaculture feed containing the extract extract residue of bamboo subfamily plants or the dried product thereof,
(3) Bamboo subfamily plant is Sasa, feed additive according to (1) or feed additive according to (2),
(4) The feed or feed additive according to (3), wherein the Sasa is one or more of the genus Sasa, Azumaza, Yadatake, Suzuda, Medusa, Kantiku,
(5) The feed extract or the feed additive according to (4), wherein the extract extract residue of Sasa is an extract extract residue squeezed by a high-pressure pressing method of fresh fresh Sasa or a dried product thereof,
(6) The feed extract according to (1), wherein the dried extract extract residue is contained in an amount of 0.05 to 2% by weight in the dried feed product.
(7) It is related with the feed efficiency improvement method of cultured fishery products by orally administering the extract extraction residue of a bamboo subfamily plant.

  The bamboo subfamily of the present invention includes all bamboos and scorpions. Based on a simple search table for bamboo and Sasa species described in the book of bamboo and bamboo shoots written by Shinzo Uchimura (published by Somori Co., Ltd., 2005), the bamboo subfamily of the present invention includes the genus Mushroom and Narihirada The genus includes: Genus, Tochiku, Shibusiku, Okamezasa, Sasa, Azumaza, Yadatake, Suzuda, Medusa, Kanchiku, Machiku, Horaichiku and Shichiku. Genus, genus genus, genus medusa, and genus Kanchiku, and genus Sasa includes tishimaza, nambusu, amagisasa, chimazasa and miyakozasa genus, Nezasa section is included, among which the application of Sasa plants is particularly desirable.

  There are various methods for extracting the extract to obtain the residue, such as using water, hot water or hot water, using a solvent such as alcohol, pressing and squeezing, or a combination of these methods. The extract residue of the present invention can be obtained by any of the above methods, but the remaining extract obtained by extracting fresh raw leaves and straw (stem) just collected as a raw material and extracting it by the high pressure / low temperature method Residues are preferred in that there is very little deactivation of active ingredients.

  The extract extraction residue can be used even in a wet state, but after drying with a freeze dryer or paddle type rotary dryer, etc., it is pulverized with a hammer mill, vertical mill, bin mill, etc., and used as a dry powder product. Convenient for transportation and storage.

  The present invention includes aquaculture fish such as yellowtail, red sea bream, amberjack, flounder, sea bass, sea bass, mackerel, coho salmon, eel, carp, rainbow trout, sweetfish, aquaculture shellfish such as abalone, shellfish such as abalone, ornamental fish and shellfish It can be applied to all animals that are fed with feed and managed.

  The fish and seafood feed for the present invention refers to solid feed (A) such as dry pellets, crumbled feed (B) obtained by crushing and sieving the pellets, and using a device such as a high-speed agitation granulator. Granulated feed (C) that is granulated in this way, feed that is simply mixed and pulverized with raw materials, mixed with water, kneaded and fed (D), mixed with raw feed and powdered feed, crushed and shaped Moist pellet (E) to be fed, mixed type solid feed (F) used by mixing at the time of producing the moist pellet, single moist pellet (G) used after adding water to powdered feed only and forming ), Feed for rotifer and artemia cultivated in seedling production and fed to juveniles (H), pasty feed (I) that uses a lot of raw materials, and small sardines and horse mackerel that are used alone as raw feed Fishing fish J) refers to all food diet, such as.

  Among these, the addition rate of the extract extraction residue (dried product) of the present invention to dry feed such as A, B and C is 0.05 to 2% by weight, desirably 0.1 to 1%, and more desirably. Is about 0.1% by weight, and this addition rate is fundamental.

  If the addition rate is less than 0.05%, the effect of improving the feed efficiency is not obvious, and if the addition rate exceeds 2%, the nutritional value of the crude feed, etc. of the feed feed itself may decrease, which may limit growth. This can be negative in terms of cost and cost effectiveness. In addition, the dry substance said to this invention points out a thing with a water | moisture content of about 5 to 10% normally.

  Based on the basic addition rate to this dry feed and its standard feeding rate, the dose of extract extraction residue (dry matter) per unit weight of fish and shellfish is calculated. Based on this number, the rate of addition to other feeds (DJ, etc.) with various feeding rates may be calculated as appropriate.

  The additive for seafood aquaculture feed of the present invention refers to an additive used for all the above-mentioned seafood aquaculture feed, and is in the form of granules, powder, liquid, paste, pellets It can be supplied in various forms suitable for its usage.

  The ratio of the extract extraction residue contained in the feed additive or the dried product thereof is determined with reference to the basic addition rate to the dry feed described above, and the additive addition ratio to the feed and the feed feed. There should also be an optimal level that takes into account the rate.

  The feed and feed additive of the present invention may be composed only of the extract extraction residue, and depending on other purposes and usage, vitamins, minerals, krill extract, caking agent, preservative, pigment In addition to useful raw materials such as rice bran, polyphenols, strong liver and immunostimulants, rice bran oil grounds and wheat flour can be optionally added for the purpose of increasing the amount.

  The administration effect of the extract extraction residue of the present invention begins to appear as early as 2 to 3 weeks after the start of administration, and if administered over the entire period of breeding, a significant effect of improving feed efficiency is achieved.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to save the use of other expensive resources such as small fish for live food, fish meal and fish oil, soybeans, corn and wheat, and many of them have been disposed of without being utilized in the past. The extract extract residue can be used effectively in aquaculture.

  EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[Example 1] (Water tank test in rainbow trout)
The dried extract powder of Chishimaza extract was obtained from Hiro International Co., Ltd. This powder is obtained by shredding the harvested leaves and stems and squeezing them at high pressure and low temperature, drying the remaining extract from the extract liquid with a paddle-type rotary dryer, and then crushing it with a bin mill. It is what was done.

  A total of 6 types of feeds (feed 1 to feed 6) having the blending contents shown in Table 1 were prepared.

  Each raw material is weighed and mixed, then pulverized to a JIS standard sieve of 32 mesh or less with a pulverizer, kneaded with about 4% water, and pellets with a diameter of about 3.2 mm using a fine disc pelleter. And dried using a hot air dryer to produce a hard pellet feed. Feed 1 is a control feed, and feeds 2-6 are feeds containing 0.05% by weight, 0.1% by weight, 1% by weight, 2% by weight, and 5% by weight of dry powder extracted from the extract.

  A rainbow trout with an average weight of around 24g was tested, and for each test feed, the total body weight was measured in each aquarium using a total of 12 aquariums of 2 glass aquariums of 60cm, 30cm and 35cm in height, width and height, respectively. Each of the 15 fish was housed and reared in running water at a water temperature of 16 ° C. Each feed was divided into three times of morning and evening, and in principle, every day except Sunday, a satiety feeding was performed and the amount of food intake was recorded. The test period was 31 days and the number of feeding days was 22 days. The total body weight of the test fish in each tank and the number of fish were confirmed on the test end date.

  The results of the breeding test are shown in Table 2. The survival rate was 100% in any water tank.

The calculation of feed efficiency was based on the following formula.
(Total body weight at the end−total body weight at the start) ÷ feeding amount × 100 = feeding efficiency The individual average weight gain was based on the following formula.
Average weight at the end / start time × 100 = individual average weight gain

  Compared to the control feed 1, the feed efficiency and the individual average weight gain ratio were all excellent for feeds 2 to 5, among which feed 3 and feed 4 showed the best results, but feed 6 was inferior results became. From this result, the blending level of the extract extract residue dry powder of Chishimasa which brings about the improvement of the breeding performance is in the range of 0.05 to 2% by weight, and the optimum blending level is in the range of 0.1 to 1% by weight. It became clear.

[Example 2] (Retest water tank test 1 in rainbow trout)
The pellets of feed 1 (control feed) and feed 3 (feed containing 0.1% by weight of extract extraction residue dry powder) used in Example 1 were crushed with a crambler, and from JIS standard sieve 8 mesh to 9.2 mesh In the meantime, fractions were collected and used for the test. 60 rainbow trouts with an average weight of about 7 g were housed per tank, and were reared for 63 days (feeding days: 52 days) under the same conditions as in Example 1.

The test results are shown in Table 3.

  The survival rate was 100% in any water tank.

  Compared to the control feed 1, the feed 3 was superior in both feed efficiency and individual average weight gain, and the results of Example 1 were reproduced.

[Example 3] (Additional water tank test 2 in rainbow trout)
In order to further confirm the effect, 12 feeds of about 58 g of rainbow trout having an average weight heavier than that of Example 2 were accommodated by 12 fishes per tank using the feed 1 and feed 3 used in Example 1. Under the conditions, the animals were reared for 42 days (feeding days: 27 days).

The results are shown in Table 4.

  The survival rate was 100% in any water tank. Compared with the control feed 1, the feed 3 was superior in feed efficiency and individual average weight gain, and the effect of the extract extract residue dry powder in Example 1 and Example 2 was reconfirmed.

[Example 4] (Field test in coho salmon)

  After weighing and mixing each of the two ingredients shown in Table 5 except for fish oil, pulverize to JIS standard sieve 32 mesh or less, add 5% fish oil to this with a conditioner, and after conditioning and kneading , Formed into pellets with a diameter of 10 mm under high temperature and high pressure using a Wenger twin screw extruder, then dried in an air dryer, supplemented with fish oil, and expanded for floating test A rudded pellet was prepared.

  The feed 7 is a control feed, and the feed 8 is a feed containing 0.1% by weight of dry extract powder of extract of Chishimasa.

  Coho salmon with a body weight of around 1 kg is housed in a 5m square sea surface aquaculture cage with 523 fish in the feed 7 feeding zone and 590 fish in the feed 8 feeding zone, raised for 192 days (feeding days: 104 days) Then, the corrected feed efficiency, the individual average weight gain and the survival rate were determined from the total body weight, the number of tails and the total feed amount. The sea surface water temperature during this test period was 7.5 to 19.6 ° C.

The calculation of the corrected feed efficiency was based on the following formula.
[Total body weight at the end-Total body weight at the start + (Average body weight at the start + Average body weight at the end) / 2 x unknown number of fish] / Feeding amount x 100 = Corrected feed efficiency As shown in Table 6, the survival rate is in both sections Although there was no change, the corrected feed efficiency and the individual average weight gain were corrected for the 8 feed group, that is, the feed group with 0.1% dry extract powder of Chishimasa extract, compared to the 7 feed control group. The result that the feed efficiency was 10.5% and the individual average weight gain was 21.4% was excellent, and the results of the water tank test in the rainbow trout of Examples 1 to 3 were also confirmed in the field test of sea surface cultured coho salmon .

  This test also revealed that the same effect was observed in extruded pellets that had been processed at high temperature and pressure.

Claims (7)

  A feed for fishery culture comprising an extract extraction residue of a bamboo family or a dried product thereof.   An additive for aquaculture feed feed comprising a bamboo subfamily extract extract residue or a dried product thereof.   The feed for feed according to claim 1 or the additive for feed for feed according to claim 2, wherein the bamboo subfamily is Sasa.   4. The feed or feed additive according to claim 3, wherein the Sasa is one or more genera of Sasa, Azumaza, Yadatake, Suzuda, Medusa, Kantiku.   The feed extract or feed additive according to claim 4, wherein the extract extract residue of Sasa is an extract extract residue squeezed by a high-pressure pressing method of fresh fresh Sasa or a dried product thereof.   The dry feed of the extract extraction residue is contained in an amount of 0.05 to 2% by weight in the dry feed.   A method for improving the feed efficiency of cultured seafood by orally administering an extract extraction residue of a bamboo subfamily.