JP2007147105A - Wood fuel combustion device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a combustion device capable of using wood fuel made of highly resinous wood material, and easy to maintain. <P>SOLUTION: In a boiler 1, wood pellet 3 is burned while oscillating a cylindrical burner main body 16. A burner portion 5 slants downward toward a rear part at an angle of 5°, the combustion air is supplied to the burner main body 16 from a front part to a rear part, and the wood pellet 3 and combustion ash are gradually transported from the front part to the rear part. The wood pellet 3 is incinerated in the burner main body 16, and the combustion ash is recovered in an ash tray 6b mounted at the rear part at the last. As the burner main body 16 is oscillated in the combustion, the combustion ash is attached to a surface of resin even when the resin comes out from the wood pellet 3, and rolls over in the burner main body 16, thus the resin hardly attaches to the burner main body 16. Accordingly, the attachment of clinker to the burner main body 16 can be prevented, and the maintenance of the boiler 1 becomes easy. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a wood fuel combustion apparatus using chip-like wood fuel such as wood pellets as fuel.

  In recent years, combustion devices using chip-like wood fuel such as wood pellets have been reviewed again due to the necessity of reducing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and the risk of exhaustion of fossil fuel resources. In view of such a situation, the inventors of the present application provide various combustion apparatuses including a combustion apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 as a combustion apparatus for wood pellet fuel.

  The combustion apparatus disclosed in the following Patent Document 1 supplies wood pellets, which are fuel, to a rectangular tube-shaped burner whose top surface is open, burns the wood pellets in the combustion chamber, and uses the generated heat to heat the wood pellets. Stove to do. The combustion apparatus disclosed in the following Patent Document 1 is not only a wood part pellet (white pellet) made only from a xylem excluding a bark of a tree that remains as combustion ash after combustion, but also a bark made only from a bark part. System pellets (bark pellets) can also be used.

  Specifically, in a rectangular tube-shaped burner having an open top surface, a rotary member is provided that is provided with a slit communicating with an ash collection container provided below the rotary burner, and the ash in the burner is scraped from the slit, and the rotary member Provided with a rotation drive unit that rotates in the forward and reverse directions, and when the pellets are burned in the burner, the rotating member is rotated at a predetermined timing, and the burned ash in the burner is scraped downward to the ash collection container It is. Since the combustion apparatus disclosed in the following Patent Document 1 includes such an ash treatment means, combustion ash does not accumulate in the burner even when pellets are continuously burned, and is stable. Combustion can be continued for a long time.

On the other hand, when there is much spear generated from pellets at the time of combustion, a lot of clinker is generated in the burner, and the burner needs to be frequently maintained. For this reason, the conventional combustion apparatus is made not to use the pellet made from wood with many crabs such as pine and cedar as a fuel.
JP 2004-191010 A

  As described above, the conventional combustion apparatus combusts using a fuel that generates little sprout. However, if a raw material having a large amount of sprout can be used, the use of more thinned wood or the like is promoted. And can contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gases.

  Therefore, the present invention aims to improve a wood fuel combustion apparatus, and more specifically, to provide a combustion apparatus that can be used even with wood fuel made from wood with a lot of grime and is easy to maintain. Objective.

  In order to achieve the above object, the wood fuel combustion apparatus of the present invention is a combustion apparatus for burning chip-like wood fuel, which is swingable by rocking means and movably mounted on the wood fuel. A burner body, fuel supply means for supplying the wood fuel to the front portion of the burner body with the swing axis direction of the burner body as the front-rear direction, and the wood fuel disposed in the front portion of the burner body to ignite the wood fuel Ignition means for performing, air supply means for supplying combustion air to the burner body, an ash storage container disposed below the rear end of the burner body, and control means for controlling each of the means The burner body is inclined obliquely downward at an angle of more than 0 ° and within 10 ° from the front to the rear, and the control means is configured to supply the fuel supply means during combustion operation for burning the wood fuel. According The wood fuel is supplied onto the burner body, the burner is rocked by the rocking means, combustion air is fed into the burner body by the air supply means, and the wood fuel is fed onto the burner body. It is characterized by burning.

  The wood fuel combustion apparatus of the present invention swings a burner body inclined obliquely downward at an angle of more than 0 ° and within 10 ° from the front to the rear, and the wood material supplied onto the burner body. Combustion is carried out while constantly moving the fuel. Accordingly, the combustion ash is carried rearward by the swinging and tilting of the burner body, and finally falls into an ash storage container provided below the rear end of the burner body.

  The wood fuel itself is also burned while being carried to the rear of the burner body as the combustion proceeds. At this time, even if the wood fuel generates a lot of dust during combustion, the combustion ash adheres to the surface of the generated dust and rolls on the burner body that is constantly swung in that state. Yani is less likely to adhere, and finally, the yani is collected in the ash container together with the combustion ash. Therefore, the adhesion of the burner to the burner main body is prevented, and thus the clinker is prevented from adhering to the burner main body, and the maintenance of the combustion apparatus is facilitated.

  Further, in the wood fuel combustion apparatus of the present invention, the burner body is provided with a plurality of air intake holes penetrating the front and back, and the state where the swing center of the burner body is at the lowest position is a basic position. The air intake provided below the pair of the swing width lines, with a line further in the anti-swing direction at a predetermined angle from the lowermost line when the main body is swung at the maximum width. The total opening area of the holes is preferably larger than the total opening area of the air intake holes provided above the pair of swing width lines.

  Thus, the total opening area of the air intake holes provided below the pair of swing width lines is larger than the total opening area of the air intake holes provided above the pair of swing width lines. That is, by increasing the number of the air intake holes provided below the pair of swinging width lines or increasing the size thereof, air is introduced from below into the burning wood fuel and combustion ash. Since a large amount of air is supplied, the supplied wood fuel and combustion ash can be smoothly conveyed to the rear of the burner body, and thermal efficiency can be improved by suppressing excess air. Here, the predetermined angle is determined in consideration of the point that the wood pellet rolls over the burner body when the burner body is swung with the maximum swing width.

  In the wood fuel combustion apparatus of the present invention, a secondary air intake hole for completely burning the combustible gas generated by burning the wood fuel in the burner body is provided near the rear end of the burner body. It is preferable to provide it. Thus, by providing the secondary air intake hole in the vicinity of the rear end portion of the burner body, the combustible gas generated in the burner body can be completely burned behind the burner body. For this reason, it can prevent that the said burner main body will be in an overheated state.

  In the wood fuel combustion apparatus of the present invention, the fuel supply means covers the supply pipe for supplying the wood fuel to the burner body and an opening at the tip of the supply pipe so as to be openable and closable. When the wood fuel is not supplied, the opening portion of the supply pipe is hermetically cut off, and when the wood fuel is supplied to the supply pipe, the wood fuel is opened by the weight of the wood fuel, and the wood fuel is supplied to the burner. It is preferable to provide a fuel flap that is dropped onto the main body.

  By providing such a fuel flap, the momentum of the wood fuel that rolls down in the supply pipe can be stopped by the fuel flap, so that the wood fuel supplied to the burner main body is near the front end of the burner main body. Can be dropped. Moreover, since the high temperature gas generated by the combustion in the burner body is blocked by the fuel flap, it does not enter the supply pipe. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the reverse flow of the flame into the supply pipe, that is, the flashback phenomenon.

  In the wood fuel combustion apparatus of the present invention, the burner body has a cylindrical shape with a rear opening and a front lid provided in front, and the inner surface of the front lid is directed rearward in the vicinity of the outer peripheral portion. A guide roller that protrudes and is rotatable about an axis parallel to the swing shaft is provided, and the swinging means swings a swing shaft that protrudes forward from the center of the front lid, and the outer periphery of the burner body A burner outer cylinder part having a shaft support part that slidably supports the vicinity of the rear end part of the outer peripheral surface of the burner body, and covers the front part of the burner outer cylinder part and the front lid part. An air supply duct; and a burner flange provided behind the front lid portion in parallel with the front lid portion and having a guide portion for guiding the guide roller when the burner body swings, and the ignition means The burner passes from the burner flange through the front lid. A heater housing that is open to the inside of the body, wherein the front lid portion is a first escape window for avoiding buffering with the supply pipe when swinging; and a second escape window for avoiding buffering with the heater housing; The supply pipe passes through the first escape window and is fixed to the air supply duct and the burner flange, and the heater housing passes through the second escape window and passes through the air supply duct and the burner. Preferably, the burner body is fixed to a flange, and the burner body is pivotally supported by the shaft support part, the guide roller, and the guide part when the burner body swings.

  The burner flange is firmly fixed by the supply pipe and the heater housing, and when the cylindrical burner main body swings, a shaft support provided on the burner outer cylinder, the guide roller, Since it is pivotally supported by the guide portion of the burner flange, the burner body swings in a stable state, and no strong force is applied to the swing shaft in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction. Therefore, the burden on the swinging means can be reduced.

  Further, in the wood fuel combustion apparatus of the present invention, a pair of switch stays protruding from the front lid portion toward the air supply duct with reference to the swing width of the burner body, and the swing width of the burner body And a pair of switch means that project from the air supply duct toward the front lid portion and that abut on the switch stay when the burner body swings, and the control means includes the burner body When the switch stays in contact with the switch means, the rotation direction of the swing motor may be changed to the reverse direction.

  As described above, when the swing width of the burner body is determined by the switch means and the switch stay, the burner body can be swung with a simple configuration of switch means. Further, since air is supplied from the air supply means to the air supply duct, it is difficult to be affected by the heat from the burner body, so that the switch means can be prevented from being overheated.

  In the wood fuel combustion apparatus of the present invention, the burner outer cylinder part is formed by a hollow double pipe, and a hot water inlet through which hot water is introduced behind and below the burner outer cylinder part; A hot water outlet through which the hot water is led out in front of and above the cylindrical portion, and when the wood fuel is burned in the burner main body, the hot water is caused to flow into the outer cylindrical portion of the burner and is generated in the burner main body. It is preferable to collect heat at the burner outer cylinder. In this way, by absorbing the heat generated in the burner main body by the burner outer cylinder part, it is possible to prevent overheating of the burner main body and to effectively use the hot water that has recovered the heat in some form.

  In the wood fuel combustion apparatus of the present invention, an air passage is provided between the outer peripheral surface of the burner body and the inner peripheral surface of the burner outer cylinder portion, and combustion air is supplied to the air passage from the air supply duct. It is preferable to supply combustion air into the burner body from an air intake hole provided in the burner body. Thus, by introducing combustion air into the air passage, overheating of the burner body can be prevented. Moreover, since the combustion air supplied into the burner body can be heated in the air passage, the wood fuel can be burned smoothly in the burner body.

  Next, an example of an embodiment of the woody fuel combustion apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 1, the woody fuel combustion apparatus of the present embodiment is a boiler 1 that supplies hot water to a hot water load L such as a heating apparatus or a snow melting apparatus. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a fuel supply unit 4 that stores wood pellets 3 as fuel in the boiler housing 2 and supplies the wood pellets 3 to the burner unit 5, a burner unit 5 that burns the wood pellets 3, and the burner unit 5. Are provided with a combustion chamber 6 in which combustible gas generated from the combustion chamber is combusted, a heat exchanging section 7 for exchanging heat between the heat generated by the combustion and hot water, and an exhaust section 8 for discharging exhaust gas to the outside. .

  The fuel supply unit 4 includes a fuel tank 9 that stores the wood pellets 3, a fuel transport screw 10 that transports the wood pellets 3 from an outlet 9 a provided at the bottom of the fuel tank 9, and a fuel that rotates the fuel transport screw 10. The conveyance motor 11 and a supply pipe 12 that guides the wood pellet 3 falling from the tip of the fuel conveyance screw 10 to the burner unit 5. The fuel transfer motor 11 is operated by a controller 42, which will be described later, at three-stage rotational speeds of 0 stage (low speed), 1 stage (medium speed) and 2 stages (high speed). An openable / closable canopy 9b is provided on the top surface of the fuel tank 9, and an external fuel connection port 9c is provided on the canopy 9b. An external fuel supply pipe 15 for supplying fuel from the external fuel tank 13 using the external fuel transfer motor 14 is connected to the external fuel connection port 9c.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the burner portion 5 includes a cylindrical burner body 16 that is swingable in the circumferential direction, and an outer periphery of the burner body 16 that surrounds the outer periphery of the burner body 16 with a space therebetween and through which hot water passes. The cylinder part 17, the heat storage body 18 provided in the center part of the burner body 16, the swing motor 19 that swings the burner body 16, and the combustion air inside the burner body 16 and the burner outer cylinder part 17. An air supply fan 20 and an air supply duct 21 to be supplied, and an ignition heater 22 (ignition means) for igniting the wood pellet 3 are provided. In the present embodiment, the burner portion 5 is fixed in the boiler housing 2 while being inclined downward at an angle of about 5 ° toward the rear (left side in FIG. 2).

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the burner body 16 has a cylindrical shape with the rear opened, and the front part partially covered by the front lid 16a, and a swing motor from the center of the front lid 16a toward the front. An oscillating shaft 16 b connected to 19 is provided. As shown in FIG. 4, the front lid portion 16 a includes a substantially semicircular first escape window 16 c for avoiding interference with the supply pipe 12 when the burner body 16 is swung, an ignition heater 22, And an arcuate second escape window 16d for avoiding the interference. Further, a switch stay 16e for determining the swinging width of the burner body 16 is provided on the surface of the front lid portion 16a so as to protrude forward.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3, a guide roller 16f is provided in the front lid portion 16a so as to protrude rearward, and this guide roller 16f is guided by a guide portion 24h of a burner ring 24c described later. It is like that. Further, the rear part of the burner body 16 is slidably supported on a shaft support part 17 a provided on the burner outer cylinder part 17 at the outer peripheral part. An air passage 23 is provided between the outer peripheral surface of the burner body 16 and the inner peripheral surface of the burner outer cylinder portion 17.

  The burner body 16 is provided with a large number of air intake holes 16g penetrating the front and back surfaces. The size and number of the air intake holes 16g are determined according to the swinging width of the burner body 16. A position at which the burner body 16 is not swung is defined as a basic position, and a line that is further a predetermined angle away from the lowermost line when the burner body 16 is swung at the maximum width is a swing width line 16h. To do. In the present embodiment, the number of air intake holes 16g provided below the pair of swinging width lines 16h at the basic position is approximately three times the number of air intake holes 16g provided above. There are many. Further, the diameter of the air intake hole 16g provided below the pair of swing width lines 16h is about 3.5 mm, whereas the air provided above the pair of swing width lines 16h. The diameter of the intake hole 16g is about 2.5 mm.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the air amount introduced from below is larger than the air amount introduced from above the pair of swing width lines 16h of the burner body 16 at the basic position. This is because when burning the burner body 16 while oscillating, a large amount of air is sent from below the wood pellets 3 and the combustion ash to make the wood pellets 3 burn smoothly, and the wood pellets 3 and This is to make it easier to convey the combustion ash to the back of the burner body 16. Further, in the vicinity of the rear end portion of the burner body 16, a secondary air intake hole 16 i provided with a large number of through holes in the circumferential direction is provided.

  Here, the rocking width line 16h is a line that is further in the anti-swinging direction by a predetermined angle from the lowermost line when the burner body 16 is swung at the maximum width. This is because the pellet 3 further rolls and moves from the lowermost line of the burner main body 16, so that combustion air is also supplied to the rolled wood pellet 3. In the present embodiment, the angle in the anti-oscillation direction is 25 °. Therefore, the angle between the pair of swinging width lines 16h is 180 ° together with the swinging angle of 130 °.

  A burner flange assembly 24 is provided inside the burner body 16. As shown in FIG. 5, the burner flange assembly 24 includes a circular tray-like burner flange 24a fixed to the supply pipe 12 and a heater housing 22a of an ignition heater 22 described later, and a burner flange 24a via a burner stay 24b. The attached burner ring 24c and the fuel flap 24d covering the opening of the supply pipe 12 are provided. Since the burner flange 24a and the burner ring 24c are fixed to the boiler housing 2 via the supply pipe 12 and the heater housing 22a, they do not swing even if the burner body 16 swings. Further, the burner flange 24a is provided with a fuel supply hole 24e that penetrates the front and back surfaces and to which the tip of the supply pipe 12 is fixed, and an ignition hole 24f that fixes the tip of the heater housing 22a. Further, the burner flange 24 a is provided with a plurality of through holes 24 g that penetrate the front and back surfaces and introduce combustion air from the air supply duct 21 into the burner body 16.

  A guide portion 24h for guiding the guide roller 16f is provided on the inner periphery of the burner ring 24c. When the burner main body 16 swings, the guide roller 16f attached to the burner main body 16 is used as a guide portion for the burner ring 24c. It is designed to swing by being guided by 24h. The fuel flap 24d is opened by its weight when the wood pellet 3 is supplied from the supply pipe 12.

  The heat storage body 18 provided inside the burner body 16 is made of ceramic and has a cylindrical shape as shown in FIG. The heat storage body 18 is positioned and fixed inside the burner body 16 by a heat storage body stay 18a. Further, on the inner peripheral surface of the burner body 16, guide stays 16j (protrusions) protruding in the inner diameter direction and extending in the axial direction are provided at a plurality of locations. The guide stay 16j uses a metal square bar in this embodiment, and has a height and shape that allows the wood pellet 3 to move over the guide stay 16j when the burner body 16 swings. ing. Specifically, in this embodiment, the width is about 5 mm, the height is 10 mm, 15 mm, and 20 mm, and the length is about 1/3 of the entire length of the burner body 16. In this embodiment, the guide stay 16j is provided so as to be shifted in the axial direction and the circumferential direction.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the burner outer cylinder portion 17 is a double-structured cylindrical body having a hollow interior, and has a hot water inlet 17b provided below and a hot water outlet 17c provided above. The warm water inlet 17b introduces the recirculated warm water from the warm water load L, absorbs the combustion heat of the burner main body 16 inside the burner outer cylindrical portion 17, and derives the warm water from the warm water outlet 17c. The hot water led out from the hot water outlet 17c is introduced into the heat exchanging unit 7 from below the heat exchanging unit 7 through the connection pipe 25a shown in FIG.

  Further, the front portion of the burner outer cylinder portion 17 is covered with a tray-shaped air supply duct 21. An air supply fan 20, an ignition heater 22, and a pair of micro switches 26 (switch means) are attached to the air supply duct 21. Further, the swing shaft 16 b of the burner body 16 extends forward through the central portion of the air supply duct 21 and is connected to the swing motor 19.

  The air supply fan 20 supplies combustion air into the air supply duct 21. In this embodiment, the controller 42, which will be described later, performs 0 stage (low rotation), 1 stage (medium rotation), 2 stages (high rotation). ) Is operated at the three-stage rotation speed. As shown in FIG. 3, the ignition heater 22 has a structure in which a columnar heating element 22b is provided in a cylindrical heater housing 22a. The heater housing 22 a is provided with an ignition inlet 22 c that opens inside the air supply duct 21. As shown in FIG. 2, the micro switch 26 has a switch arm 26a extending inside the air supply duct 21, and a switch stay 16e attached to the front lid portion 16a when the burner body 16 swings. It is positioned and fixed so that it is turned ON by.

  The burner portion 5 is formed by combining the burner main body 16, the burner flange assembly 24, the burner outer cylinder portion 17, the air supply duct 21 and the like described above. In this embodiment, the burner main body 16 has the swing shaft 16b. Is formed so as to swing about 130 ° around the center. As shown in FIG. 6, the swing angle of the burner body 16 is determined by the position where the switch stay 16 e attached to the front lid portion 16 a of the burner body 16 and the micro switch 26 attached to the air supply duct 21 are attached. . In addition, illustration of the supply pipe 12 is abbreviate | omitted in FIG.

  When one micro switch 26 is turned on by one switch stay 16e due to the swing of the burner body 16, the rotation direction of the swing motor 19 is reversed by a controller 42 described later. When the burner body 16 swings in the reverse direction and the other micro switch 26 is turned on by the other switch stay 16e, the rotation direction of the swing motor 19 is reversed again by the controller 42. . The burner body 16 is operated by the controller 42 at three stages of rotation speeds of 0 stage (low speed), 1 stage (medium speed), and 2 stages (high speed). For example, the number of stages is set to 0.2 rpm at the 0th stage, 0.6 rpm at the 1st stage, 1.0 rpm at the 2nd stage, and the like.

  In the combustion chamber 6, as shown in FIG. 2, the rear end portion of the burner body 16 opens toward the combustion chamber 6, and the combustible gas generated in the burner body 16 is the secondary air of the burner body 16. It is a space that is completely burned by the secondary air supplied from the intake hole 16i. The inside of the combustion chamber 6 is covered with a refractory material 6a. An ash tray 6 a that receives ash discharged from the burner body 16 is provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber 6. Further, the ash tray 6a can be taken out from an ash outlet door 2a provided in the boiler housing 2.

  The heat exchange section 7 is entirely cylindrical, and a plurality of heat exchange pipes 7a through which exhaust gas from the combustion chamber 6 passes are provided. Inside the heat exchange pipe 7a, there is provided a baffle plate 7b for extending the residence time of the exhaust gas passing through the heat exchange pipe 7a and removing ash contained in the exhaust gas. The baffle plate 7b is formed by alternately arranging semicircular plates having approximately half the area of the heat exchange pipe 7a in the vertical direction. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the baffle plate 7b is connected to each other by a connecting member 7c, and is hung rotatably on a crank rod 8d provided in an exhaust chamber 8a of an exhaust section 8 described later. Yes.

  A connection pipe 25 b is connected above the heat exchanging unit 7, and hot water heated by the heat exchanging unit 7 is supplied to the hot water load L by the circulation pump 28. In addition, a connection pipe 25 a is connected below the heat exchanging unit 7, and hot water heated by the burner outer cylinder unit 17 is introduced into the heat exchanging unit 7.

  The exhaust unit 8 includes an exhaust chamber 8a provided above the heat exchange unit 7, an ash trap unit 8b provided on the side of the exhaust chamber 8a, and an exhaust fan 8c that exhausts exhaust gas to the outside of the boiler 1. It has. The exhaust fan 8c is operated by a controller 42, which will be described later, in the same manner as the air supply fan 20, at three stages of rotation speeds of 0 stage (low rotation), 1 stage (medium rotation), and 2 stages (high rotation). In the present embodiment, the exhaust fan 8c is more than the air supply amount of the supply fan 20 at each stage so that the exhaust chamber 8a, the combustion chamber 6, the burner body 16, and the burner outer cylinder portion 17 always have negative pressure. A lot of air is discharged. When the exhaust gas from the exhaust chamber 8a is sucked out by the exhaust fan 8c, the ash trap unit 8b collides the exhaust gas with a collision plate (not shown) and drops particles such as dust in the exhaust gas. . As shown in FIG. 2, the crank rod 8d is provided with a handle 8e. By rotating the handle 8e, the baffle plate 7b connected to the crank rod 8d by the connecting member 7c moves up and down, and the baffle is moved. Ash attached to the plate 7b can be dropped downward.

  In this embodiment, members such as the boiler housing 2, the fuel tank 9, the burner body 16, the burner outer cylinder part 17, the air supply duct 21, the heat exchange part 7, and the exhaust part 8 are formed using stainless steel. Has been.

  Next, various sensors provided in the boiler 1 of the present embodiment will be described. First, a switching thermostat 31 that detects the combustion state of the burner unit 5 is provided in the exhaust passage of the exhaust fan 8c. This switching thermostat 31 is turned on / off according to the temperature of the exhaust gas exhausted from the exhaust part 8 when the wood pellet 3 is combusted in the burner part 5 and whether or not the burner part 5 is combusting. Is detected.

  Further, the fuel tank 9 is fully filled with the wood pellet 3 in the fuel tank 9 and the remaining amount detection sensor 32 for detecting that the amount of the wood pellet 3 in the fuel tank 9 has become the amount requiring replenishment. A full amount detection sensor 33 for detecting this is provided. The connection pipe 25b includes a flow switch 34 for detecting the flow of hot water in the connection pipe 25b, a hot water temperature sensor 35 for detecting the temperature of hot water in the connection pipe 25b, and hot water overheating for detecting an overheated state of the connection pipe 25b. A thermostat 36 is provided.

  The supply pipe 12 is provided with a flashback detection thermostat 37 that detects the flashback when the flashback from the burner unit 5 occurs in the supply pipe 12 for some reason. The air supply duct 21 is provided with a burner overheating thermostat 38 for detecting the overheating state of the burner unit 5. In addition, it is attached to a water level detection sensor 39 for detecting the level of warm water in the heat exchanging section 7, a heat insulating material protection thermostat 40 for detecting overheating of the combustion chamber 6 to protect the heat insulating material, and the boiler housing 2 above the burner section 5. The anti-vibration automatic fire extinguishing sensor 41 is provided.

  Next, the relationship between the controller 42 (control means) which controls the boiler 1 of this embodiment and each apparatus is demonstrated with reference to the block diagram of FIG. The controller 42 includes electronic parts such as a microcomputer, ROM, or RAM, and programs stored in these. The controller 42 is connected to a remote controller 43 provided outside the boiler 1, and controls each device in the boiler 1 according to operating conditions set by the user. The controller 42 is connected to the air supply fan 20, the exhaust fan 8c, the swing motor 19, the fuel transfer motor 11, the ignition heater 22, and the circulation pump 28, respectively. The controller 42 is also connected to sensors and switches such as a switching thermostat 31, a flow switch 34, and a micro switch 26.

  Next, the operation of the boiler 1 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In the state where the operation switch 43a of the remote controller 43 is OFF, the device such as the fuel transfer motor 11 is not operated, but the wood pellet 3 in the fuel tank 9 is not fully filled by the full detection sensor 33 of the fuel tank 9. When this is detected, the controller 42 operates the external fuel transfer motor 14 to replenish the wood pellet 3 from the external fuel tank 13 via the external fuel supply pipe 15 (S1).

  When the user turns on the operation switch 43a of the remote controller 43, the controller 42 turns on the circulation pump 28 to circulate hot water between the boiler 1 and the hot water load L (S2). Then, when the flow switch 34 is turned on (S3) and the circulation of hot water in the connection pipe 25b is confirmed, the controller 42 performs a pre-purge process (S4). In the pre-purge process, the supply fan 20 and the exhaust fan 8c start operation at the zero stage. At this time, since the exhaust amount of the exhaust fan 8c is larger than the supply amount of the supply fan 20, the inside of the burner portion 5, the inside of the combustion chamber 6, and the inside of the exhaust chamber 8a are always kept at a negative pressure. .

  After the pre-purge process is performed for a predetermined time (in this embodiment, 10 seconds), the controller 42 performs the first ignition process (S5). In the first ignition process, the ignition heater 22 is turned on and the fuel transfer motor 11 is operated in the zero stage. When the fuel transport motor 11 starts operation, the wood pellet 3 is transported by the fuel transport screw 10, and the wood pellet 3 falls into the supply pipe 12 from the tip of the fuel transport screw 10. The wood pellet 3 that has fallen into the supply pipe 12 collides with the fuel flap 24 d that covers the tip of the supply pipe 12. The upper end of the fuel flap 24d is swingable. When the wood pellet 3 falls into the supply pipe 12, the fuel flap 24d is opened by the weight of the wood pellet 3, and the wood pellet 3 is ignited by an ignition heater inside the burner body 16. It falls in the vicinity of 22. Then, the controller 42 turns off the fuel transfer motor 11 after a predetermined time has elapsed (180 seconds in this embodiment) (S6).

  Air from the air supply fan 20 is supplied to the ignition heater 22 through the ignition intake port 22c, heated by the heating element 22b, and supplied into the burner body 16. The temperature of the air is about 800 ° C. As described above, when the air heated by the ignition heater 22 is supplied into the burner body 16, the wood pellet 3 that has fallen in the vicinity of the ignition heater 22 is heated by the heat of the heated air and the radiant heat of the heating element 22b. Is ignited.

  In the preliminary combustion operation, the air supply fan 20 and the exhaust fan 8c are operated in the first stage, and the fuel transfer motor 11 is operated in the zero stage (S7). By this preliminary combustion operation, new wood pellets 3 are further supplied to the wood pellets 3 ignited in the burner body 16 to gradually expand the combustion, thereby ensuring a stable combustion state.

  Next, the controller 42 checks, within a predetermined time during the preliminary combustion operation (480 seconds in the present embodiment), whether or not ignition has been performed in the burner body 16 based on a signal from the switching thermostat 31 (S8). . Since the controller 42 can confirm that the ignition has been performed if the switching thermostat 31 is turned on (YES in S8), the controller 42 performs the next forced combustion operation (S9). On the other hand, when the ignition is not actually performed and the switching thermostat 31 is not turned on (NO in S8), after the preliminary combustion is performed for a predetermined time, the process proceeds to the first forced post operation (S12).

  In the forced combustion operation, the controller 42 turns off the ignition heater 22, operates the supply fan 20 and the exhaust fan 8c in one stage, operates the fuel transfer motor 11 in one stage, and operates the swing motor 19 in the zero stage. . By this forced combustion operation, the wood pellet 3 supplied onto the burner body 16 is swung to increase the combustion area in the burner body 16 so that stable combustion can be performed.

  Next, after performing the forced combustion operation for a predetermined time (300 seconds in the present embodiment), the controller 42 shifts to the main combustion operation unless the switching thermostat 31 is turned off (NO in S8). At this time, if the switching thermostat 31 is turned OFF for some reason (YES in S8), a first forced post operation described later is performed as a result of ignition not being performed normally (S12).

  In this combustion operation, the number of stages of the air supply fan 20, the exhaust fan 8 c, the fuel transfer motor 11, and the swing motor 19 is controlled according to the temperature set by the remote controller 43. For example, when the difference between the set temperature of the remote controller 43 and the hot water temperature sensor 35 is small, the air supply fan 20, the exhaust fan 8 c, the swing motor 19, and the fuel transfer motor 11 are each operated in the zero stage. When the difference between the set temperature of the remote controller 43 and the hot water temperature sensor 35 is medium, each device is operated in one stage. When the difference between the set temperature of the remote controller 43 and the hot water temperature sensor 35 is large, each device is operated. Are operated in two stages.

  On the other hand, when the operation switch 43a of the remote controller 43 is turned off by the user, the first forced post operation is performed (S12). In the first forced post operation, the controller 42 operates with the fuel conveyance motor 11 turned off and the supply fan 20, the exhaust fan 8c, and the swing motor 19 in two stages. In the first forced post operation, the supply of the wood pellets 3 as fuel is stopped and the combustion of the wood pellets 3 existing in the burner body 16 is promoted, and after the boiler 1 is stopped, the wood pellets 3 are placed on the burner body 16. The pellet 3 is not left. In the present embodiment, this first forced post operation is performed for 300 seconds.

  Next, the controller 42 performs the second forced post operation (S13). In the second forced post operation, the air supply fan 20, the exhaust fan 8c, and the swing motor 19 are operated in one stage. Also in the second forced post operation, combustion of the wood pellets 3 on the burner body 16 is promoted following the first forced post operation.

  Next, the controller 42 performs a post purge operation (S14). In this post-purge operation, the air supply fan 20, the exhaust fan 8c, and the swing motor 19 are each set to zero stage. In this post-purge operation, the wood pellets 3 are combusted by the first and second forced post operations to form ash. Therefore, the combustion ash is swung by the swing motor 19 and the air supply fan 20. The burner body 16 is moved to the ash tray 6a by air supply.

  In the boiler 1 of the present embodiment, when the remaining amount detection sensor 32 provided in the fuel tank 9 detects that the fuel in the fuel tank 9 has decreased, the controller 42 operates the external fuel transfer motor 14. The wood pellet 3 is replenished into the fuel tank 9 from the outside. When the wood pellet 3 is replenished in the fuel tank 9 by the external fuel transfer motor 14 and the wood pellet 3 is detected by the full sensor 33 of the fuel tank 9, the controller 42 stops the operation of the external fuel transfer motor 14. .

  Next, the operation of the burner unit 5 during the main combustion operation will be described. When the wood pellet 3 in the fuel tank 9 is supplied into the supply pipe 12 by the fuel transfer motor 11, the wood pellet 3 falls in the supply pipe 12 and collides with the fuel flap 24d. Open and drop near the tip of the burner body 16. Since the wood pellet 3 has already burned in the burner body 16, the wood pellet 3 newly supplied by the flame also starts to burn.

  The fuel flap 24d is thus opened when the wood pellet 3 falls from the supply pipe 12, and drops the wood pellet 3 into the burner body 16, but when the pressure inside the burner body 16 becomes positive for some reason. The fuel flap 24d closes the tip of the supply pipe 12 so that the air in the burner body 16 does not reach the supply pipe 12, the fuel conveying screw 10 and the fuel tank 9 connected thereto. Further, if the heated air in the burner body 16 enters the supply pipe 12 with foreign matter sandwiched between the fuel flap 24d and the tip of the supply pipe 12, it is detected by the flashback detection thermostat 37. The combustion in the burner part 5 is stopped.

  During the main combustion operation, the burner body 16 is swung by the rocking motor 19, so the wood pellet 3 on the burner body 16 burns while rolling on the inner peripheral surface of the burner body 16. At this time, a part of the wood pellet 3 rises with the swing of the burner main body 16 by the guide stay 16j, gets over the guide stay 16j, and falls to a lower position of the burner main body 16. Further, the combustion ash of the wood pellet 3 also rolls on the inner peripheral surface of the burner body 16 due to the swing of the burner body 16.

  On the other hand, the air blown from the air supply fan 20 is first guided into the air supply duct 21. The air blown from the air supply fan 20 and guided into the air supply duct 21 is guided to an air passage 23 provided between the outer peripheral surface of the burner body 16 and the inner peripheral surface of the burner outer cylinder portion 17. The air is introduced into the burner body 16 through an air intake hole 16 g provided in the burner body 16. Thus, the air introduced from the air intake hole 16g is used for combustion of the wood pellet 3.

  A part of the air supplied to the air supply duct 21 passes through the first escape window 16c and the second escape window 16d provided in the front lid part 16a of the burner body 16, and the burner flange assembly. Enter between the solid 24. Then, since the burner flange assembly 24 is also provided with a through-hole 24 g that penetrates the front and back, a part of the air introduced from the air supply fan 20 enters the burner body 16 through the burner flange assembly 24. Supplied.

  In this manner, air blown from the air supply fan 20 is introduced into the burner body 16 from the air intake hole 16 g, so that air flows toward the combustion chamber 6. Therefore, the wood pellets 3 and the combustion ash that roll inside the burner body 16 by the swinging of the burner body 16 are gradually conveyed to the rear of the burner body 16, that is, to the combustion chamber 6 side by the air blow from the air supply fan 20. Moreover, when the wood pellet 3 rolls and moves, an unburned part is exposed to the surface and it becomes easy to touch combustion air, and combustion can be accelerated | stimulated. In the present embodiment, the burner portion 5 is inclined downward at an angle of about 5 ° toward the rear, so that the wood pellet 3 and its combustion ash are further easily conveyed to the rear of the burner body 16. .

  Further, the wood pellet 3 supplied into the burner body 16 moves to the rear of the burner body 16 while burning. At the same time, the combustion ash of the wood pellet 3 also moves to the rear of the burner body 16. Behind the burner body 16, the combustion of the wood pellets 3 that have not been combusted by the air introduced from the secondary air intake hole 16i is promoted, and the combustion ash is wound up by the introduced air and moved backward. Is done. The combustion ash falls and is collected in an ash tray 6a provided behind and below the burner body 16. At this time, even when spear is generated from the wood pellet 3, combustion ash adheres to the peripheries of the wood pellet 3. Is done.

  In the present embodiment, the air intake hole 16g is configured such that the amount of air introduced is less than the amount of air required for complete combustion of the wood pellet 3, so that the wood pellet 3 is located at the front portion of the burner body 16. It is so-called creaking combustion. Therefore, in this embodiment, combustible gas is generated by the combustion of the wood pellet 3 while gradually burning the wood pellet 3 in the front portion of the burner body 16.

  And the secondary air intake hole 16i is provided in the rear part of the burner body 16, and the amount of air that can completely burn the combustible gas generated by the combustion of the wood pellet 3 is introduced. Complete combustion of the combustible gas is performed from the rear part of the burner body 16 to the inside of the combustion chamber 6.

  In the present embodiment, the burner body 16 is cylindrical, but does not simply rotate in one direction, but swings in the circumferential direction around the basic position. In the case of simply rotating in one direction, the combustion state cannot be kept uniform unless the air intake holes 16g provided in the burner body 16 are provided uniformly in the circumferential direction. On the other hand, if the burner body 16 swings, a large number of air intake holes 16g are provided in the area where the wood pellets 3 burn on the burner body 16, and the area where the wood pellets 3 do not burn is necessary. Accordingly, an air intake hole 16g may be provided. Therefore, the size, number, and arrangement of the air intake holes 16g can be arbitrarily set according to the type of the wood pellet 3, and thermal efficiency can be improved by suppressing excess air.

  Further, when the wood pellet 3 burns in the burner body 16, the combustion heat is stored by the heat storage body 18. Therefore, even if the combustion temperature in the burner body 16 fluctuates due to variations in the quality of the wood pellets 3, the temperature in the burner body 16 is stabilized at a high temperature by the heat stored in the heat storage body 18.

  Due to combustion in the combustion chamber 6, the exhaust gas is led to the heat exchanging section 7 in a state where the temperature becomes high. In the heat exchanging unit 7, the high-temperature exhaust gas is guided to the exhaust chamber 8a through the heat exchange pipe 7a. At this time, resistance is generated in the flow of the exhaust gas by the baffle plate 7b in the heat exchange pipe 7a, so that the time during which the high-temperature exhaust gas stays in the heat exchange pipe 7a becomes long. Since warm water flows through the outer peripheral surface of the heat exchange pipe 7a, the heat of the exhaust gas is heat-exchanged with the warm water, and the warm water is conveyed to the warm water load L by the circulation pump 28.

  At this time, the ash in the exhaust gas that has collided with the baffle plate 7b in the heat exchange pipe 7a adheres to the baffle plate 7b. For example, when the operator rotates the handle 8e during periodic inspection, the crank rod 8d The baffle plate 7b connected by the connecting member 7c is moved up and down, and the ash adhering to the surface of the baffle plate 7b is dropped downward. The ash that has dropped down is collected by the ash tray 6a.

  The hot water heated in the heat exchange pipe 7 a uses the combustion heat in the hot water load L and is returned to the burner outer cylinder portion 17 by the circulation pump 28. In the burner outer cylinder part 17, the hot water in the burner outer cylinder part 17 is heated by the heat generated by the combustion of the burner body 16 provided therein. Thus, in the boiler 1 of this embodiment, since not only the heat exchange by the heat exchange part 7 but the burner part 5 is also using combustion heat, it can utilize the calorie | heat amount which the wood pellet 3 has effectively. it can. Moreover, since the burner outer cylinder part 17 is cooled with warm water, overheating of the burner part 5 is prevented.

  The front portion of the burner body 16 is guided by the guide portion 24h of the burner flange assembly 24 through the guide roller 16f, and the rear portion thereof is guided by the shaft support portion 17a provided in the burner outer cylinder portion 17. Therefore, even if a force is generated in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction due to the swing of the burner body 16, no large force is applied to the swing shaft 16b. For this reason, the burden on the swing shaft 16b and the swing motor 19 can be reduced.

  In the above embodiment, the burner body 16 has been described as an example of a cylindrical body. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the burner body 16 may have a shape capable of burning while moving wood fuel by swinging by swinging means. That's fine. For example, it is good also as a shape where the upper part of the burner main body 16 of the said embodiment was cut off in the axial direction. Further, the inclination angle of the burner portion 5 is set to 5 °. However, the angle is not limited to this, and may be an angle within 10 ° beyond 0 °, and particularly preferably 3 ° to 6 °. Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the rocking | swiveling angle of the burner main body 16 is 130 degrees, it is not restricted to this, It is good also as 90 degrees to 180 degrees.

  In the above embodiment, the swing motor 19, the switch stay 16 e, and the micro switch 26 are used as the swing means. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and any means that swings the burner body 16 can be used. The rotation angle of the burner body 16 can be detected by a rotary encoder or the like, and the swing direction can be reversed by the swing angle. Further, the motion of a motor that rotates in one direction may be converted into a swing motion of the burner body by a link mechanism such as that used in an automobile wiper. As the swinging means, other known means for swinging the burner body may be used.

  In the above embodiment, the guide stay 16j is formed by using a rod member. However, the guide stay 16j is not limited thereto, and may be formed by bending a plate-like member. The circumferential portion may be formed so as to protrude inward. Moreover, although the thing made from a ceramic is used for the thermal storage body 18, you may form not only this but other raw materials, such as a metal.

Explanatory drawing which shows the hot water load apparatus using the boiler which is an example of embodiment of this invention. Explanatory drawing which shows the inside of the boiler of this embodiment. Explanatory sectional drawing which shows the inside of the burner part used for the boiler of this embodiment. Explanatory drawing which shows the structure of a burner main body. Explanatory drawing which shows a burner flange assembly. Explanatory drawing which shows the state which looked at the burner part from the front. The block diagram which shows the functional structure of the boiler of this embodiment. The flowchart which shows the action | operation of the boiler of this embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Boiler (wood fuel combustion apparatus), 3 ... Wood pellet (wood fuel), 4 ... Fuel supply part (fuel supply means), 6b ... Ash tray (ash storage container), 16 ... Burner main body, 19 ... Swing motor (Oscillating means), 20 ... Air supply fan (air supply means), 22 ... Ignition heater (ignition means), 43 ... Controller (control means).

Claims (8)

A combustion apparatus for burning chip-like woody fuel,
A burner body that is swingable by swinging means and movably mounts the wood fuel, and a fuel supply that supplies the wood fuel to the front portion of the burner body with the swing axis direction of the burner body as the front-rear direction Means for igniting the wood fuel disposed in the front part of the burner body, an air supply means for supplying combustion air to the burner body, and a lower part of the rear end of the burner body. An ash storage container provided, and a control means for controlling each of the means,
The burner body is inclined obliquely downward at an angle of more than 0 ° and within 10 ° from front to rear.
The control means supplies the wood fuel onto the burner body by the fuel supply means during the combustion operation in which the wood fuel is burned, swings the burner by the swing means, and causes the air supply means to Combustion air is supplied into the burner body, and the wood fuel is burned on the burner body. In the burner body, provided with a plurality of air intake holes penetrating the front and back,
The state where the center of swing of the burner body is at the lowest position is the basic position, and when the burner body is swung at the maximum width, a line in the anti-swing direction is further swung from the line at the bottom. The total opening area of the air intake holes provided below the pair of swing width lines is larger than the total opening area of the air intake holes provided above the pair of swing width lines. The woody fuel combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein   3. A secondary air intake hole for completely combusting a combustible gas generated by burning the wood fuel in the burner body is provided in the vicinity of a rear end portion of the burner body. The woody fuel combustion device described in 1.   The fuel supply means covers the supply pipe for supplying the wood fuel to the burner body and an opening at the tip of the supply pipe so as to be openable and closable, and when the wood fuel is not supplied into the supply pipe, the fuel supply means A fuel flap that shuts off the opening of the supply pipe in an airtight manner and opens the wood fuel by the weight of the wood fuel when the wood fuel is supplied to the supply pipe and drops the wood fuel onto the burner body; The woody fuel combustion apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The burner body has a cylindrical shape with a rear opening and a front lid provided on the front. The inner surface of the front lid projects toward the rear in the vicinity of the outer periphery and is centered about an axis parallel to the swing axis. A rotatable guide roller is provided,
The swinging means swings a swinging shaft protruding forward from the center of the front lid,
A burner outer cylinder part having a shaft support part that covers the outer peripheral part of the burner main body with a space therebetween and slidably supports the vicinity of the rear end part of the outer peripheral surface of the burner main body, the front of the burner outer cylindrical part, and the An air supply duct that covers the front lid portion, and a burner flange that is installed behind the front lid portion in parallel with the front lid portion and has a guide portion that guides the guide roller when the burner body swings. ,
The ignition means has a heater housing that penetrates the front lid and opens from the burner flange to the burner body.
The front lid portion has a first escape window for avoiding buffering with the supply pipe during swinging, and a second escape window for avoiding buffering with the heater housing,
The supply pipe passes through the first escape window and is fixed to the supply duct and the burner flange, and the heater housing passes through the second escape window and is fixed to the supply duct and the burner flange. And
5. The woody fuel combustion apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the burner body is pivotally supported by the shaft support part, the guide roller, and the guide part when the burner body swings. A pair of switch stays protruding from the front lid portion toward the air supply duct with reference to the swing width of the burner body, and the front lid portion from the air supply duct with reference to the swing width of the burner body A pair of switch means that protrudes toward the surface and abuts against the switch stay when the burner body swings,
6. The control means according to claim 5, wherein when the burner body swings and the switch stay comes into contact with the switch means, the rotation direction of the swing motor is changed to the reverse direction. The wood fuel combustion device described. The burner outer cylinder part is formed by a hollow double tube, and hot water is introduced to the rear and below the burner outer cylinder part, and to the front and above the burner outer cylinder part. A hot water outlet,
The hot water is allowed to flow into the burner outer cylinder portion when the wood fuel is burned in the burner main body, and the heat generated in the burner main body is recovered by the burner outer cylinder portion. The woody fuel combustion device described in 1.   An air passage is provided between the outer peripheral surface of the burner main body and the inner peripheral surface of the burner outer cylinder portion, air for combustion is introduced into the air passage from the air supply duct, and the air provided in the burner main body The woody fuel combustion apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein combustion air is supplied into the burner body from an intake hole.

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