JP2007145968A - Waste utilization system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a waste utilization system with which a waste is fed to a box body as it is, is indirectly heated to stably and inexpensively form high-quality charcoal, the charcoal is treated as a recycling material so that the waste is effectively used. <P>SOLUTION: Charcoal is inexpensively formed so as to convert only a waste to charcoal. The waste is fed to a box body and heated indirectly by applying heat generated outside the box body to the box body. Therefore, the heating temperature of the waste is constant to efficiently form high-quality charcoal having a uniform structure. The inexpensive and high-quality charcoal is used as a recycling material. Accordingly, the waste is converted into high-quality charcoal to effectively use the waste. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a waste utilization system that generates charcoal from waste discharged by production of a product and treats the generated charcoal as a recycled material.

  Until now, waste discharged from factories and predetermined areas has been incinerated. However, the reuse of these wastes has been studied from the viewpoints of waste reduction, carbon dioxide emission, and effective use of energy.

  Under such circumstances, a method of reusing waste liquid has been reported (for example, see Patent Document 1). In the method described in Patent Document 1, chips such as wood are put into waste liquid, dried and pelletized, the pellet is directly burned, and the obtained gas and charcoal are used as fuel. It is a method to do.

JP 2003-055666 A

  However, in the method of Patent Document 1, it is first necessary to put waste liquid that is not discarded, such as wood, and dry it. Thereby, the produced | generated charcoal will become expensive. In addition, the pellets have a problem that when heated directly, non-uniform heating occurs, and high quality charcoal is not generated.

  Therefore, in view of the above circumstances, the present invention can stably produce good quality charcoal at low cost by directly putting waste into the housing and indirectly heating the waste in the housing. It aims at providing the waste utilization system which can use waste effectively by processing charcoal as a reuse thing.

  Therefore, the waste utilization system of the present invention includes a case in which organic waste having a moisture content of 88% or less and a specific heat of 1000 kcal / g · K or more is charged, and the waste in the case. It has a heating part which heats indirectly in a poor oxygen state so that charcoal may be generated, and a processing part which processes the charcoal generated by heating of the heating part as a reuse thing.

  According to the waste utilization system of the present invention, since only the waste is made into charcoal, the charcoal is generated at low cost. Then, the waste is indirectly heated by being put into the casing and inputting heat generated outside the casing. Therefore, the heating temperature of the waste becomes constant, and high-quality charcoal having a uniform structure can be efficiently generated. This cheap and good quality charcoal can be used as recycled material. Therefore, waste can be used more effectively by making the waste cheap and good quality charcoal.

  In the waste utilization system of the present invention, the processing unit is a combustion unit that combusts the charcoal, and the charcoal is combusted in the combustion unit to generate heat, thereby processing the charcoal as a recycled material. It is characterized by doing. Thereby, cheap and good quality charcoal can generate heat stably with high calories by burning. Accordingly, heat can be generated stably and efficiently at low cost and utilized.

  Furthermore, in the waste utilization system of the present invention, the processing unit is a processing unit that processes the charcoal, and the charcoal is reprocessed by processing the charcoal in the processing unit to produce a predetermined charcoal product. It is characterized by being processed as a use object. Thereby, cheap and good quality charcoal has a high effect of adsorbing substances by having a uniform structure. Therefore, an inexpensive and highly functional product can be manufactured.

  Since the waste utilization system of the present invention uses only waste as charcoal, charcoal is generated at low cost. Then, the waste is indirectly heated by being put into the casing and inputting heat generated outside the casing. Therefore, the heating temperature of the waste becomes constant, and high-quality charcoal having a uniform structure can be efficiently generated. This cheap and good quality charcoal can be used as recycled material. Therefore, waste can be used more effectively by making the waste cheap and good quality charcoal.

  Hereinafter, the waste utilization system of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[Embodiment 1]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a waste utilization system according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the waste utilization system of the present invention includes a carbonization part 1, a formation part 2, and a combustion part 3.

  The carbonization part 1 has the housing | casing 10, the heating part 11, and the waste gas processing part 12 like FIG. The housing 10 has a structure in which air from the outside does not flow in, and can be heated in a poor oxygen state by a heating unit 11 described below. The casing 10 is formed of a material that can withstand the heat necessary to generate charcoal from waste, and the generated exhaust gas is discharged to the outside. Waste is put into the housing 10 and provided in the casing 15.

  The heating unit 11 is connected to the casing 15 by piping or the like so that heat generated by the burner BN or the like can be supplied to the casing 15. The heating unit 11 generates dry heat by burning fossil fuel such as light oil, and introduces the generated heat into the casing 15. And the housing | casing 10 with which the casing 15 was equipped can be heated indirectly, and can be made into charcoal efficiently.

  The exhaust gas treatment unit 12 is connected to the casing 15 through an exhaust pipe, and the air flow is controlled by a blower or the like so that exhaust gas generated when charcoal is generated in the housing 10 is supplied. The exhaust gas generated by the generation of charcoal includes a combustible gas such as methane, and the exhaust gas processing unit 12 can process the exhaust gas by burning it with a catalyst. Moreover, you may provide the deodorizing part which is not shown in figure which can process the odorous substance in waste gas. Thereby, the exhaust gas from the carbonization part 1 can be made more harmless.

  Further, the treated exhaust gas may be introduced into the casing 15 provided with the housing 10 in order to use heat generated by combustion. Thereby, the generated heat can be used without waste, and charcoal can be generated more efficiently. At this time, when the heat generated by the combustion of the exhaust gas is used for carbonization of the waste and the carbonization of the waste can be sufficiently performed by the heat, the introduction of the heat generated by the burner BN can be stopped. Thereby, the energy used by the carbonization part 1 can be reduced, and discharge | emission of a carbon dioxide can be suppressed more.

  The carbonization unit 1 can uniformly heat the waste by indirectly heating the casing 10 with dry heat. This waste is an organic matter that is discarded with a water content of 88% or less and a specific heat of 1000 kcal / kg · K, and does not include most waste water. When the moisture content of the waste is higher than 88%, the waste contains a large amount of moisture, and it is difficult to perform uniform heating. Furthermore, in order to perform uniform heating, wood or the like is added, so that cheap charcoal cannot be obtained. Further, even when the specific heat is smaller than 1000 kcal / kg · K, it is not possible to obtain good quality charcoal that has a uniform structure during combustion and burns with high calories. Many of the wastes include those that have biological resources. Based on the description of the biomass Japan comprehensive strategy, biological resources are grown by absorbing carbon dioxide, so even if burned, they are not calculated as carbon dioxide emissions. By burning this waste as charcoal, not only can it be used effectively by using the generated heat as thermal energy, but also compared to using fossil fuel to obtain thermal energy. Emissions can be reduced.

  Such waste includes, for example, general trash mixed with various types of trash discharged from private houses, etc., office trash that contains a lot of paper among various types of trash discharged from work such as offices, fields, etc. Agricultural trash such as garbage containing part of crops such as rice husks and grass that are no longer needed due to the cultivation of crops from farmers, and garbage containing livestock excrement emitted by dairy farms such as ranches, factories And factory waste generated from the manufacture of products. This factory includes not only a paper mill and a food factory but also a place where production and treatment such as a sewage treatment plant and a construction site are included, and is not particularly limited. Examples of waste discharged from these factories include paper sludge discharged when paper is manufactured in paper mills, and waste materials such as wood and large sawdust discharged when processing wood at construction sites and building material manufacturing factories. In food factories, vegetables and meat discharged when processing foods, coffee bean residue and used tea leaves, and sewage treatment plants include sludge removed from sewage, but are not limited to this. .

  Since this waste is originally discarded, almost no cost is required to obtain the waste, and charcoal can be produced at low cost. Furthermore, good quality charcoal can be efficiently generated by the carbonization part 1 described above, resulting in cheaper charcoal.

  Thus, the carbonization part 1 introduces the heat generated by the burner BN into the casing 15 in a poor oxygen state after throwing the waste into the housing 10. As a result, the waste can be heated at a uniform temperature rather than directly. Furthermore, exhaust gas containing a large amount of water vapor discharged by heating the waste is discharged to the exhaust gas treatment unit 12 to enable efficient heating, and the inside of the housing 10 is set to a high temperature such as 850 ° C. or higher. Is possible.

  That is, since the carbonized portion 1 generates charcoal at a uniform and high temperature, the charcoal structure becomes uniform. Furthermore, since uniform heating is performed, the charcoal is always constant during combustion and can generate heat with high calories. Furthermore, since the temperature in the housing 10 of the carbonized portion 1 is very high, generation of harmful substances such as dioxin is suppressed. Therefore, charcoal can be generated more safely.

  In addition, although this carbonization part 1 demonstrated as a batch type apparatus, a flow type may be sufficient. In the case of the flow type, first, waste is sequentially put into the case 10, heated while moving inside the case 10 toward the outlet for a predetermined time, and the generated charcoal is automatically discharged from the outlet. Thus, charcoal can be continuously generated. For example, by using a screw conveyor or the like, waste can be sequentially put into the housing 10.

  The formation part 2 forms the charcoal produced | generated in the carbonization part 1 so that it may have a substantially uniform magnitude | size. This formation part 2 can grind | pulverize the massive charcoal obtained in the carbonization part 1, and can be set as powdered charcoal. Thus, by making the shape of charcoal substantially uniform, stable combustion is possible in the combustion section 3 described below. That is, stable heat can be generated and heat can be used efficiently.

  Moreover, the shape of the charcoal formed in the forming part 2 is not limited to powder, and may be a pellet having a predetermined size. In this case, the forming unit 2 pulverizes the charcoal and mixes the powdered charcoal with a material that does not significantly reduce the amount of heat generated when the charcoal is burned, thereby forming pellet-shaped charcoal having a uniform size. Thus, by making charcoal into pellets of a predetermined size, stable combustion is possible in the combustion section 3 as in the case of powder. That is, uniform and stable heat can be generated, and heat can be used efficiently. At this time, by making the moisture content of the pellet-like charcoal uniform, more uniform and stable heat can be generated during combustion. The size of the pellet is not particularly limited, but the diameter is preferably about 3 mm to 10 mm.

  The combustion unit 3 as a processing unit uses heat generated by burning the charcoal having a substantially uniform size in the forming unit 2. For example, as this combustion part 3, a boiler and a stove are mentioned.

  For example, in the case of a boiler, the combustion unit 3 has a combustion chamber, and has a heat-resistant pipe so as to be inserted through the combustion chamber. Water flows into the pipe and can be heated or evaporated by the heat generated in the combustion chamber to generate hot water or water vapor. In this combustion chamber, charcoal having a substantially uniform size in the forming portion 2 is used. This charcoal is processed by combustion as a recycled material and used for heating water.

  The charcoal used as the fuel has a uniform structure and can stably generate high calorie heat by combustion. That is, by using this charcoal, heat is stably generated with high calories, so that water can be stably heated. Therefore, the amount of generated hot water and water vapor is also stabilized. This hot water or water vapor can heat or cool the surroundings. That is, temperature control can be performed. It can also be used for power generation. Therefore, by using this charcoal, effective temperature control and power generation are possible, and utilization efficiency is improved. For example, when used in a greenhouse or the like, stable temperature control can be performed efficiently. In addition, when used in offices, etc., not only can electricity costs be reduced, but also energy consumption can be reduced, and carbon dioxide emissions from thermal power plants can be suppressed.

  For example, in the case of a stove, the combustion part 3 has a combustion chamber. The combustion chamber is charged with charcoal having a substantially uniform size in the forming section 2 and burns the charcoal. Charcoal is processed by combustion as a recycled material and is used for surrounding heating.

  The charcoal used as the fuel has a uniform structure and can stably generate high calorie heat by combustion. That is, by using this charcoal, heat is stably generated with a high calorie, and thus heat generated in a relatively wide range can be transmitted compared to the conventional one. That is, a wider range can be heated. Conversely, when heating the same range as in the prior art, a small stove can be used. In this way, efficient heating is possible as compared with the conventional case.

  In the waste utilization system of the present invention configured as described above, first, waste is introduced into the carbonization unit 1 and indirectly heated. Thereby, the generated charcoal is made into charcoal having a substantially uniform size by the forming portion 2. The charcoal is burned in the combustion unit 3 to generate heat, and the generated heat is used. In this way, by using waste that is originally discarded, inexpensive and high-quality charcoal is generated, and by using the charcoal as fuel, efficient and stable heat can be generated.

  The formation part 2 does not need to provide this formation part 2 when most of the charcoal produced | generated in the carbonization part 1 is a powder form. In that case, the powdered charcoal produced | generated in the carbonization part 1 can be utilized as a fuel in the combustion part 3 as it is. As a result, stable heat can be generated in the combustion section 3, and heat can be used efficiently. Therefore, waste can be used more effectively and efficiently.

  Hereinafter, the example which applied the waste utilization system of this invention is shown. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the waste utilization system of the present invention can be applied to a predetermined area such as a factory or a local government that discharges waste when manufacturing a predetermined product as described above. .

  For example, in the area shown in Fig. 3, there are factories, offices, private houses, fields, etc., and household waste is discharged as waste from daily life, and paper and other garbage are discharged as waste at the office. In the fields, some of the crops that are no longer needed after cultivation are discharged as waste. Further, as described above, when a predetermined product is manufactured from the factory, waste corresponding to the product is discharged.

  First, the explanation will focus on the factory. The factory is equipped with a carbonization part 1, a formation part 2, and a combustion part 3. The discharged waste is carbonized by the carbonization unit 1 provided in the factory, and becomes cheap and good quality charcoal. The charcoal is formed in a uniform size in the forming unit 2 and is introduced into the combustion unit 3. By burning the charcoal that stably generates high calorie heat in the combustion section 3, it is possible to use the stable heat as described above. For example, in the case of a power generation boiler, electricity can be generated by the heat, and the generated electricity can be used as energy for producing a predetermined product manufactured in this factory. That is, a new product can be produced using the heat generated by burning the charcoal in the combustion unit 3. Therefore, using cheap and good quality charcoal leads to a reduction in the waste of this factory, and it is possible to suppress the emission of carbon dioxide and to effectively use energy. Ultimately, there can be zero waste.

  Next, the waste utilization system of the present invention in the entire region will be described. In this area, as described above, in addition to the factory where the carbonization part 1, the formation part 2, and the combustion part 3 are provided at the place where the waste is discharged, the combustion is performed in a private house, a field or an office. In some places, only part 3 is provided. And the carbonization part 1 and the formation part 2 are provided in the predetermined area instead of the generally provided garbage incineration plant.

  Waste discharged from private houses, offices, and fields is collected and formed at low cost and with high quality charcoal by the carbonizing section 1 and the forming section 2 provided in a predetermined area. This charcoal is transported to a private house, office, field, etc., and is put into the combustion section 3 provided for each. By burning the charcoal that stably generates high calorie heat in the combustion section 3, it is possible to use the stable heat as described above. For example, in a private house or office, the combustion unit 3 can be used for heating, power generation, hot water supply, etc. by putting charcoal into a boiler or stove and burning it. Moreover, in a field, it can be used for temperature control of a greenhouse by putting charcoal into a boiler as a combustion section and burning it.

  Moreover, when not all the charcoal formed from the waste is used in the combustion unit 3 in the factory, the charcoal may be transported to a private house, office, field, etc. and used as described above. Furthermore, in FIG. 3, private houses, fields, offices, and factories are taken as examples. However, wastes discharged from dairy farms such as government offices, schools, and ranches, stores, ports, and stations are also the same. , And the heat generated by burning the carbonized charcoal can be used.

  Therefore, using cheap and high-quality charcoal leads to reduction of waste in this area, and can suppress the emission of carbon dioxide, which makes effective use of energy. Ultimately, there can be zero waste.

  In this case, the waste used as the raw material for charcoal is originally discarded, and the price is close to zero. Even if the cost related to collection and transportation and the cost of operating the carbonization section 1 and the formation section 2 provided in the area are added, the charcoal is cheaper than conventional fossil fuels such as charcoal and light oil. Furthermore, as described above, since the charcoal generated in the carbonization unit 1 is of high quality, high calorie heat can be stably generated during combustion. That is, it can be used efficiently.

  The waste utilization system of the present invention does not limit the application area. For example, even if these are provided in one factory, they may be provided in a predetermined area. That is, although the carbonization part 1, the formation part 2, and the combustion part 3 may be provided locally in one place, you may provide in the wide area.

[Embodiment 2]
The charcoal produced in the carbonization part 1 is of good quality and has a uniform structure. Therefore, the charcoal generated in the carbonization part 1 has a high effect of adsorbing a predetermined substance. Therefore, the waste utilization system described in the second embodiment is a system that uses not only the combustion unit 3 described above but the processing unit 4 to use it as fuel, but also functionally improved charcoal. is there. FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing another example of the waste utilization system of the present invention. In addition, the same member as Embodiment 1 attaches | subjects the same number, and abbreviate | omits description.

  The processing unit 4 processes the charcoal so as to have a predetermined size and shape by, for example, crushing the charcoal so that the charcoal can be used for a charcoal product such as a soil modifier, a water treating agent, a deodorizing agent, and the like. Thereby, the charcoal which is a reuse thing with a high adsorption effect can be utilized as a predetermined product. For example, in the case of a soil-improved good, harmful substances in the soil can be adsorbed by mixing charcoal pulverized in the processing unit 4 with the soil. That is, it can be used as a highly effective soil modifier. Moreover, by mixing the charcoal pulverized by the processing unit 4 into the waste water, it is possible to adsorb harmful substances in the water and purify the water. That is, it can be used as a water treatment agent. Furthermore, similarly, it can utilize also as a deodorizing processing agent, and the charcoal processed by the process part 4 has a high deodorizing effect.

  The waste utilization system described in the second embodiment can be used in factories as in the first embodiment. In this case, in place of the forming part 2 and the combustion part 3 in FIG. 3, a processing part 4 is provided as shown in FIG.

  The cheap and good quality charcoal produced in the carbonization part 1 is made into the above charcoal products in the processing part 4. This charcoal product can be transported and used for manufacturing products in factories, living in private homes, office work, and growing crops in the field. Since this charcoal product is made of high quality charcoal as described above, it has a high function of adsorbing substances. Therefore, this charcoal product can be used for wastewater and exhaust treatment at factories, for wastewater and odor treatment at private houses and offices, and for soil improvement in addition to wastewater and odor treatment at farms. High effect can be expected. Furthermore, since this charcoal is originally a waste, it becomes a very cheap charcoal product in the processing section 4. Therefore, the waste utilization system of the present invention described in Embodiment 2 can use waste more effectively and efficiently, and can provide an inexpensive and highly functional charcoal product. Furthermore, in FIG. 5, private houses, fields, offices, and factories are taken as examples. However, wastes discharged from dairy farms such as government offices, schools, and ranches, stores, ports, and stations are also the same. Charcoal products obtained by carbonizing and processing carbonized charcoal can be used.

  The present invention can be combined with the systems described in the first embodiment and the second embodiment. In this case, it is more effective to select how to treat the charcoal as a reused product by the process of combustion and processing according to demand, and to provide the necessary amount of the charcoal where necessary. This system works. That is, charcoal can be used more efficiently.

  The waste utilization system of the present invention has an effect of reducing waste by effectively utilizing waste. And by introducing this system in a predetermined factory or a predetermined area, it is possible to ultimately bring waste to zero as much as possible.

It is a block diagram which shows an example of the waste utilization system of this invention. It is a figure explaining the carbonization part of the waste utilization system of this invention. It is a figure explaining an example of the utilization form of the waste utilization system of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows another example of the utilization system of the waste material of this invention. It is a figure explaining another example of the utilization form of the waste utilization system of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 Carbonization part 2 Formation part 3 Combustion part 4 Processing part

Claims (7)

A housing into which organic waste having a moisture content of 88% or less and a specific heat of 1000 kcal / g · K or more is charged;
A heating unit that indirectly heats in a poor oxygen state so as to generate charcoal from the waste in the housing;
A waste utilization system comprising: a processing unit that processes the charcoal generated by heating of the heating unit as a recycled material. The processing unit is a combustion unit that burns the charcoal,
The waste utilization system according to claim 1, wherein the charcoal is treated as a recycled material by generating heat by burning the charcoal in the combustion section.   The waste utilization system according to claim 2, further comprising a forming unit that forms the charcoal generated in the casing into a powder or a pellet having a substantially uniform size.   The waste utilization system according to claim 2, wherein the combustion unit burns powdered charcoal generated in the casing as it is and uses the generated heat.   The waste utilization system according to claim 2, wherein the combustion unit is a boiler or a stove that uses the charcoal. The processing unit is a processing unit that processes the charcoal,
The waste utilization system according to claim 1, wherein the charcoal is processed as a recycled material by processing the charcoal at the processing unit to produce a predetermined charcoal product.   The waste utilization system according to claim 2, further comprising a processing unit that processes the charcoal into a predetermined charcoal product.