KR101319283B1

KR101319283B1 - solid fuels using waste materials and method for preparing thereof

Info

Publication number: KR101319283B1
Application number: KR1020110024562A
Authority: KR
Inventors: 정흥호; 박은희; 정길호
Original assignee: 정흥호; (주)정흥케미칼
Priority date: 2011-03-18
Filing date: 2011-03-18
Publication date: 2013-10-17
Also published as: KR20120106450A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a solid fuel prepared by mixing any one or more of coal ash or coal powder with the waste, and a method for producing the same, wherein the solid fuel produced by the manufacturing method of the present invention is manufactured using waste and coal ash discarded. This is economical, environmentally friendly, and reduces the cost of purchasing fuel for energy production. In addition, it is manufactured by homogeneous mixing in a mixing tank in a single process, and it is simple and efficient because it does not require any additional equipment or separate process besides mixing any one or more of coal ash or coal powder to remove odor of waste and reduce moisture. It is economical because it can save time and cost for drying. In addition, when the fuel is used, it is economical because it can obtain energy equal to or more at a lower cost than the conventional fuel.

Description

Solid fuels using waste materials and method for preparing knowledge}

The present invention relates to a solid fuel produced using waste and a method for producing the same.

With the recent development of the industry, the demand for energy required by the industry is increasing. Much of the energy needed is still covered by the use of fossil fuels, and more than half of the fossil fuels used depend on coal. However, the amount of buried fossil fuels is limited, and the use of fossil fuels causes various harmful substances to be released into the atmosphere, and environmental pollution occurs in the process of treating by-products generated after burning fossil fuels. The focus is on finding energy sources to replace fossil fuels.

Waste is a generic term for materials that are not needed for human life or industrial activities, such as waste, combustibles, waste oil, and waste acid.The types include waste such as food waste, industrial waste, biomass, livestock manure and sewage sludge. In addition, emissions are increasing day by day along with industrial development.

There are two ways to treat waste: incineration and landfill. However, environmental problems such as air pollution, soil pollution and water pollution occur due to toxic substances from incineration or leachate and odor after landfill, waste disposal space is limited, and the cost of installing and treating waste treatment facilities Due to such problems, the waste disposal problem is emerging as a social and economic problem.

Therefore, various methods for the use of wastes have been proposed in order to obtain various economic benefits by recycling resources by using discarded wastes and to prevent various environmental pollution. It is. However, in the case of waste, it is difficult to handle because of bad odor, high moisture content, and low combustion efficiency. Therefore, in order to recycle as an energy source, the process of removing odor and lowering water content is essential.

In order to remove the odor generated from the waste in order to recycle the conventional waste as an energy source, carbonization of the waste at low temperature, the process of fermenting by adding microorganisms that can remove the odor, or attach activated carbon, etc. The method of using the deodorant, such as, has been used. However, in the case of going through the above process when manufacturing fuel using waste, it is inefficient and inefficient because of the extra cost and time required for the deodorization process.

In addition, as a method for reducing moisture in wastes having high moisture content, a method of installing a separate process facility for drying wastes or providing a separate heat source for drying has been used. However, the above process is inefficient and inexpensive because it takes an additional process and time for drying when fuel is manufactured using waste.

In addition, since the process of crushing, deodorizing, or drying waste is performed at different process facilities, it is inefficient than using one process facility or one process process, and since it uses a separate energy source for the process, air pollution, etc. The problem is that environmental problems can occur and the cost of using energy is uneconomical.

Regarding a method for producing fuel using waste, Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2010-0018818 applies a microwave heat source to domestic sewage sludge, mixes hydrophobic bituminous coal with anthracite, and then dried at a temperature of 150 ° C. or lower to coal fire power. A method and apparatus for producing sewage sludge coal for power plant mixed combustion are disclosed. In addition, Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2011-0005104 discloses a method for producing solid fuel having low odor by carbonizing biomass or waste paper sludge at low temperature, and Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2010-229415 fermentation of a waste under reduced pressure. Disclosed is a method for producing a solid fuel by drying. However, until now, the method of manufacturing solid fuel by removing odor of waste and lowering water content using coal ash has not been disclosed at all.

Therefore, the inventors of the present invention propose a solid fuel which can be used as a fuel or fuel supplement that does not require energy such as a separate device and a heat source in the process of reducing the moisture content of the waste or removing odor when manufacturing the solid fuel using the waste. Efforts have been made to develop. In the process, by using any one or more of coal ash or moisture that contains little moisture but low in content and calorie, the deodorizing effect as well as the moisture removal and calorie control effect can be seen simultaneously. There is no need for a separate device for removing odors and moisture, and while reducing the process time, since the case of coal ash burns coal and uses the remaining by-products, it is possible to develop eco-friendly and economical solid fuel and its manufacturing method, and It was completed.

One object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a solid fuel using waste, characterized in that by mixing any one or more of the coal ash or coal powder in the waste to control the water content of the waste and the total calorie content of the mixture.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a solid fuel, characterized in that the waste is ground and mixed when the waste is in a solid state.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a solid fuel, further comprising the step of molding the mixture.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a solid fuel production method further comprising the step of mixing any one or more of the deodorant or air freshener to remove the odor of the waste and then molding the mixture.

Another object of the present invention is a solid fuel in which any one or more of waste, coal ash or coal powder is mixed, wherein the water content of the waste is 1 to 60% and the calorific value of the solid fuel is 1,000 kcal / kg or more. To provide solid fuel, including waste.

In one aspect, the present invention relates to a method for producing a solid fuel using waste, characterized in that by mixing any one or more of the coal ash or coal powder in the waste to adjust the moisture content of the waste and the total calories of the mixture.

Hereinafter, the solid fuel manufacturing method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

The waste used in the production method of the present invention is any kind as long as it can be burned to produce energy as it occurs in daily or industrial activities. Examples of such wastes include, but are not limited to, municipal solid waste, municipal waste, industrial waste, biomass, sewage sludge, and manure sludge.

In the case of manufacturing solid fuel using waste, it is preferable that the calorific value of the waste is high and the organic content is high in order to obtain the maximum energy. The organic substance refers to a carbon compound excluding oxides of carbon or carbonates of metals, and when burned, it can generate high calories, and thus can produce a lot of energy when using a large amount of organic matter in the waste. It can manufacture.

However, solid fuels may also be produced using wastes with low calorific value or low organic content. When the solid fuel is manufactured using waste material having low calorific value or low organic matter content, the calorific value of the manufactured solid fuel may be increased by mixing the waste material with a very high calorific value and then preparing the solid fuel.

When manufacturing the solid fuel by using the waste as described above, the calorific value of the waste itself is not a problem. However, when the calorific value of the waste itself is too low, the calorific value of the waste is 1000 kcal / kg or more, considering the cost of mixing the high calorific material, the cost of manufacturing the solid fuel, and the benefits of using the same. Preferably 1,000 to 10,000 kcal / kg, more preferably 1,000 to 7,000 kcal / kg. When the calorific value of waste is less than 1,000kcal / kg, the process of burning solid fuel is combusted compared to the cost of manufacturing solid fuel because it is necessary to purchase a material with high calorific value and then mix or mix waste with high calorific value. There is little energy available for the process, which is inefficient and inefficient.

In addition, when manufacturing the solid fuel using the waste as described above, the organic matter content of the waste itself is not a problem. However, considering the cost of mixing high calorific material when the waste itself is too low, the cost of manufacturing solid fuel using waste, and the energy available from the waste, It is preferably at least 30%, preferably 40 to 98%, based on the total weight of the waste. If the organic content of the waste is less than 30% of the total weight of the waste, it is necessary to purchase solid materials with high calorific value and then mix or mix waste with high calorific value to obtain high energy. Compared to the cost of manufacturing, the energy obtained from burning solid fuel produced is inefficient and inefficient.

In addition, the state of the waste through the step of mixing any one or more of coal ash or coal powder, which is the following process to efficiently control the moisture content and calorie of the waste, solid fuel production costs by not using additional equipment such as a dryer It is preferred to be in a solid or sludge state in order to prevent this from increasing.

When the solid fuel is manufactured using the solid waste, the waste may include grinding the waste to have a particle size of a predetermined level or less. The particle diameter refers to the diameter of the particle when the waste is pulverized, and means the largest value of the measured particle diameter when the particle size is not a spherical shape and does not have a constant particle size.

As an example, wastes containing a large amount of water such as terephthalic acid (TPA) sludge or wastes having a small particle size do not need to be separately ground, but wastes having a low moisture content or wastes having a large particle size When mixing any one or more of the following processes, coal ash or coal powder, the mixing may be uneven, so it is preferable to crush the waste.

The pulverization is performed using a conventional pulverizer, and the particle size of the waste is preferably 0.1 to 50 mm in consideration of the time and cost of the pulverization and the mixing efficiency after the pulverization. When the particle size of the pulverized product exceeds 50 mm, the mixing of any one or more of the following processes, such as coal ash or coal powder, may not occur evenly, so that the effect of removing odor and reducing moisture may not occur evenly. If the particle diameter of the pulverized product is less than 0.1 mm, there is a problem that the grinding cost is high and the grinding time is long.

Next, any one or more of coal ash or coal powder is mixed with the waste or waste that has been pulverized. The coal ash is not limited to the kind of by-products such as fly ash, bottom ash, cinder ash or sinopsere and the remaining by-products, such as fly ash, bottom ash, cinder ash or cenfusere, and through the above process to reduce the moisture of waste water with high moisture content, to control the calorie and remove odor can do. The coal powder is preferably made of coal powder, so that the particle size of the powder is 0.1 to 50 mm, which is similar to the waste or the waste that has been pulverized, so that mixing with the waste or the waste that has been pulverized is not necessarily limited thereto.

In the case of the coal ash, the calorific value is 0 kcal, but compared with the use of coal powder, the purchase cost is low, and the fuel manufacturing cost is relatively low, and the coal ash contains little moisture, which is effective in reducing the moisture of the waste. In the case of coal powder, the calorific value is high at about 4,500 to 4,800 kcal, but the fuel production cost is relatively high and the water content is about 20% compared to coal ash, which is higher than coal ash. Therefore, one or more of coal ash or coal powder is mixed according to the type and characteristics of the waste to be used (for example, water content, organic content, etc.).

For example, when manufacturing solid fuel using waste water having a high moisture content, it is preferable to use coal ash because the moisture content must be sufficiently lowered so that the combustion rate is high and the amount of energy that can be obtained is increased. In the case of producing fuel, it is preferable to use coal powder because raising the calorific value is cost effective. In addition, coal ash and coal powder may be mixed at a predetermined ratio in a direction of increasing calories while reducing water content according to the characteristics of the waste.

The amount of at least one of the coal ash or coal powder mixed in the waste is 2 to 99% by weight, preferably 5 to 70% by weight, and more preferably 5 to 70% by weight, based on the combustion efficiency and calorific value of the fuel. 40 wt%. If at least one of the coal ash or coal powder is less than 2% by weight of the total weight of the mixture, the waste may not be sufficiently dehydrated and the solid fuel produced may be incompletely burned, resulting in low combustion efficiency, resulting in less energy. In addition, the odor removal effect may be difficult to handle the waste. In addition, when the coal ash exceeds 99% by weight based on the total weight of the mixture, the calorific value is low, and thus the fuel produced may not function properly as a fuel, and when the coal powder exceeds 99% by weight, based on the total weight of the mixture, The calorific value of the fuel may be high, but the cost of purchasing coal is higher than the benefit from waste disposal, which is uneconomical.

By mixing any one or more of the coal ash or coal powder in the waste as described above, the water content of the waste can be lowered after the mixing, the water content of the mixture after mixing if considering the production cost of the fuel, combustion efficiency and calories of the solid fuel produced 1 to 60%, preferably 1 to 40% in the waste. In order to make the water content of the waste after mixing less than 1%, a large amount of coal ash must be used to remove moisture, so the calorific value of the produced fuel is low, which is uneconomical compared with the fuel production cost, and the water content of the waste after mixing is 60% by weight. If it exceeds, the produced fuel is incompletely burned, and thus the amount of heat obtained from using the fuel is inefficient.

In addition, by mixing any one or more of the coal ash or coal powder in the waste as described above, the calorific value of the waste can be adjusted, the calorie obtained by preparing the mixture as a fuel after the mixing is 1,000 kcal / when considering the fuel production cost and calorific value kg or more, preferably 3,000 to 7,000 kcal / kg. If the heat gain from the mixture is less than 1,000 kcal / kg, there is less energy available compared to the cost of producing solid fuel, which is inefficient and inefficient.

On the other hand, by mixing any one or more of the coal ash or coal powder to the waste in addition to the moisture removal and calorie control efficacy of the waste due to the characteristics of the ash and coal as the porous active material can be seen to remove the odor of the waste.

In one specific implementation, a solid fuel is produced by mixing at least one of fly ash or coal powder with terephthalic acid (TPA) process sludge or wastewater sludge, and then performing the Quan Yin test, the deodorizing effect of fly ash and coal itself It has been shown that the odor of the waste is reduced.

Next, a process of mixing any one or more of a deodorant or a fragrance may be added to the waste in which any one or more of the coal ash or coal powder is mixed. In the case of the deodorization process, even after the process of mixing any one or more of the coal ash or coal powder in the waste is performed if the odor of the waste is not sufficiently removed, the odor of the waste can be further removed through the process. .

Any one or more of the deodorant or fragrance can be used to effectively remove the odor of the waste in a small amount and excellent in the persistence of the odor removal effect, and may be used in the form of a solid, liquid, gel or cream, but the form It is not limited to this. However, it is preferable to use an efficient liquid state because it is possible to prepare solid fuel without the convenience of handling and the additional process of removing any one or more of the deodorant or fragrance to the waste and then removing it.

Specifically, in the case of using any one or more of the deodorant or perfume in the liquid state, it is easy to remove the odor of the waste through the process of spraying any one or more of the deodorant or the fragrance to the mixture, it is simple, deodorant or fragrance After spraying any one or more of them, there is no need to collect them, which is efficient and saves time. And when using any one or more of the deodorant or fragrance in the solid state it is necessary to mix them with the mixture. In this case, if the mixing is not even, there is a problem that the odor removal effect of the waste may be insufficient, so it is necessary to pay close attention to the mixing, the process of re-collecting any one or more of the deodorant or fragrance to increase the calorific value of the fuel produced This may be necessary.

The deodorant may be selected from any one or more of chlorine dioxide, calcium chlorate, potassium chloride, zeolite or activated carbon. In addition, the fragrance may be selected from one or more of natural or synthetic components. However, the type of both deodorant and fragrance is not limited thereto.

The amount of at least one of the deodorant or the fragrance is 0.001 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the mixture in consideration of the deodorizing effect and the combustion efficiency of the fuel produced. If at least one of the deodorizing agent or the fragrance is less than 0.001% by weight, the deodorizing effect may not be sufficiently exhibited, and thus the waste may be difficult to handle due to bad smell in the process of manufacturing the waste into solid fuel. When one or more of the deodorant or fragrance in the state is used, the water content of the waste increases, so that the combustion efficiency and calories of the solid fuel produced can be lowered, and when using any one or more of the solid deodorant or the fragrance, the process of collecting them again. This is complicated and takes a long time, and if these are not collected, the calories of solid fuel produced can be lowered.

Next, after mixing any one or more of the coal ash or coal powder, or any one or more of coal ash or coal powder or after mixing any one or more of the deodorant or the fragrance after the mixing, the mixture is extruder, molding machine The injection molding machine may be added to any one or more of an injection molding machine, a pellet making machine, or a brikiting device. In addition, in the mixing, the mixture may be directly used as a fuel without undergoing the molding process. In this case, the combustion efficiency of the fuel may be difficult because the combustion efficiency of the fuel may be good while the particle size may be too small or large. It is determined whether or not the mixture is molded in consideration of convenience.

The molded article obtained through the molding process may have various shapes according to the type of the machine into which the mixture is added. Specifically, the molded body may have any one or more of a pellet shape, an almond shape, a briquette shape, a pillow shape, or a finger shape, but in the case of considering the efficiency of combustion and the convenience of mixing with other fuels, the molded article of the pellet shape It is preferable to mold with.

In addition, when the mixture is molded into a pellet-shaped molded body, the diameter of the particles of the molded body is preferably 1 to 150 mm in consideration of the handling convenience and the combustion efficiency of the manufactured solid fuel. The diameter of the particle means the diameter when the molded body is spherical, and means the largest value of the measured diameters when the molded body is not spherical and does not have a constant diameter. If the particle diameter of the molded body is less than 1mm, the solid fuel is brittle and easily powdered, and the manufactured solid fuel is difficult to handle due to its small size.If the particle diameter is larger than 150mm, the solid fuel is incompletely burned and the combustion efficiency may be low. If mixed with other fuels, the mixing may be uneven.

As another aspect, the present invention is a solid fuel in which any one or more of waste, coal ash or coal powder is mixed, the water content of the waste is 1 to 60% and the heat content of the solid fuel is 1,000kcal / kg or more Provide solid fuels, including wastes. In the case of the solid fuel may be prepared by the production method.

In the case of the solid fuel produced according to the present invention, since it is manufactured using waste and coal ash discarded, it is economical and environmentally friendly, and it is possible to reduce the cost of purchasing fuel for energy production. In addition, it is manufactured by homogeneously mixing in a mixing tank in a single process, and is simple because no additional equipment or separate process is required except for mixing any one or more of coal ash or coal powder to remove odor of waste and reducing moisture. It is economical because there is no need for a separate drying process, which saves time and money for drying. In addition, when the solid fuel is used as a fuel or fuel supplement in a thermal power plant or a cogeneration plant, fuel can be manufactured using coal ash, which is a by-product from a thermal power plant or a cogeneration plant, and thus has excellent field applicability.

The solid fuel may be used alone or mixed with existing fossil fuels. In the case of mixing with fossil fuel, the mixing ratio is determined by considering the cost of purchasing fossil fuel and the calorific value of the fuel.

In addition, when the solid fuel is used, ash generated after combustion may also exist as coal ash because the organic components of the waste and coal ash or coal are left after burning, and thus may be reused to manufacture solid fuel, which is economical and efficient.

In the case of the solid fuel manufactured by the above manufacturing method, it is manufactured using waste and coal ash which are discarded, which is environmentally friendly and economical, and the process of mixing waste ash or coal powder without any additional drying process or deodorization process. It is simple and efficient because it can reduce the moisture content or remove odor. In addition, in the case of using the solid fuel, it is possible to obtain more than the equivalent energy while having a low cost compared to the conventional fuel, it is economical and can solve the problem of securing energy.

1 is a view showing a manufacturing process of the solid fuel using the sludge waste according to an embodiment of the present invention.
1 is a diagram illustrating a manufacturing process of a solid fuel using a solid waste according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. These examples are only for illustrating the present invention in detail, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples in accordance with the gist of the present invention.

Example 1: Comparison of water content and calorific value of waste when manufacturing solid fuel using fly ash

1-1. When using TPA process sludge

A solid fuel was prepared by mixing a TPA process sludge having a calorific value of 5,500 kcal and a water content of 40% and a fly ash having a calorific value of 0 kcal and no water at a weight ratio of 85:15.

As a result, the calorific value of the produced solid fuel was 4,675kcal and the moisture content was 34%.

1-2. When we use Cheil Industries wastewater sludge

Cheil Industries wastewater sludge having a calorific value of 5,500 kcal and a water content of 35% and a fly ash having a calorific value of 0 kcal and no water were mixed at a weight ratio of 85:15 to prepare a solid fuel.

As a result, the calorific value of the produced solid fuel was 4,675 kcal and the moisture content was 30%.

Example 2 Comparison of Water Content and Calorific Value of Waste in the Production of Solid Fuel Using Coal Powder

2-1. When using TPA process sludge

TPA process sludge having a calorific value of 5,500 kcal and a water content of 40% and coal powder having a calorific value of 4,700 kcal and a water content of 20% were mixed at a weight ratio of 50:50 to prepare a solid fuel.

The experimental results showed that the calorific value of the manufactured solid fuel was 5,100 kcal and the moisture content was 30%.

2-2. When we use Cheil Industries wastewater sludge

Cheil Industries wastewater sludge having 5,500 kcal calorific value and 35% moisture content and coal powder having 4,700 kcal calorific value and 20% moisture content were mixed at a weight ratio of 50:50 to prepare solid fuel.

The experimental results showed that the calorific value of the produced solid fuel was 5,100 kcal and the moisture content was 27.5%.

Example 3 Comparison of Water Content and Calorific Value of Wastes in Manufacturing Solid Fuel Using Fly Ash and Coal Powder

3-1. When using TPA process sludge

TPA process sludge with calorific value of 5,500 kcal and moisture content of 40%, coal powder with calorific value of 4,700 kcal and moisture content of 20%, and fly ash without calorific value of 0 kcal and containing water at a weight ratio of 60:30:10 Solid fuel was prepared.

As a result, the calorific value of the produced solid fuel was 4,710 kcal and the moisture content was 30%.

3-2. When we use Cheil Industries wastewater sludge

Cheil Industries wastewater sludge with 5,500 kcal calorific value and 35% moisture content, coal powder with 4,700 kcal calorific value and 20% moisture content and fly ash without calorific value 0kcal and no moisture is mixed at a weight ratio of 60:30:10 To prepare a solid fuel.

Example 4 Deodorization Efficacy of Waste in the Production of Solid Fuel Using Fly Ash and / or Coal Powder

In order to test the odor of the solid fuel prepared according to the method of Examples 1 to 3, each of five adult men and women in their 30's and 40's were subjected to the Quan Yin test on the solid fuel prepared above.

Experimental results show that the waste odor is reduced due to the deodorizing effect of fly ash and coal itself.

Claims

Industrial waste in the solid or sludge state with an organic content of 30% or more relative to the total weight of the waste, and the calorific value of the waste is 1,000 kcal / kg to any one or more of coal ash or coal powder 2 to 99 Method for producing a solid fuel using waste, characterized in that by mixing by weight% to adjust the water content of the waste to 1 to 60% by weight and the total calorie content of the mixture to 1,000kcal / kg.

The method of claim 1, further comprising molding the mixture after the mixing.

The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of mixing any one or more of the deodorant or the fragrance during or after the mixing to remove the odor of the waste.

4. The method of claim 3, further comprising molding the mixture after mixing at least one of deodorant or fragrance.

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The solid fuel production method using waste according to claim 1, wherein when the waste is in a solid state, the waste is pulverized and mixed.

The method of claim 7, wherein the pulverization is a solid fuel production method using waste, characterized in that the pulverization so that the particle size of the waste is 0.1 to 50mm or less.

The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the coal ash is selected from the group consisting of fly ash, bottom ash, cinder ash and vertical spare.

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The solid fuel production method using waste according to claim 2 or 4, wherein the molding has a diameter of 1 to 150 mm.

The method for producing solid fuel using waste according to claim 2 or 4, wherein the molding is in the form of pellets, almonds, briquettes, pillows or fingers.

The method of claim 3, wherein the deodorant is selected from at least one of chlorine dioxide, calcium chlorate, potassium chloride, zeolite, or activated carbon.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the fragrance is selected from one or more of natural or synthetic components.

The method of claim 3, wherein at least one of the deodorant or the fragrance is 0.001 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the mixture.

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