JP2007131746A - Method for dry distillation of bamboo - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new technique for effective dry distillation of bamboo without bursting thereof and to produce dry distilled bamboo suitably usable for various applications. <P>SOLUTION: A method for dry distillation of the bamboo is characterized as comprising the following steps: a step of coating raw green bamboo with bamboo pyrolignous acid and then drying the coated green bamboo, a step of arranging the green bamboo in an oven while taking the water content, thickness and weight into consideration, a step of treating the green bamboo arranged in the oven at a high temperature, a step of allowing the green bamboo to stand in the oven and fumigating and drying the bamboo with remaining heat and a step of taking out the bamboo from the oven after the temperature difference between the interior of the oven and the outside air becomes ≤20°C. The step of treating the green bamboo in the oven at the high temperature is carried out by raising the temperature of the oven to 200-250°C, maintaining the oven at the temperature for a prescribed time, then reducing the temperature to 150-190°C and controlling the temperature so that the oven is maintained at the temperature for a prescribed time. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for dry distillation of bamboo.

  Bamboo is widely used in various building materials such as flooring, various interior materials such as carpets and wall materials, various crafts, flower vases and tableware. In recent years, depletion of timber has become a serious problem, but bamboo is suitable as a natural material to replace timber because of its rapid growth, and the spread of bamboo products helps to prevent deforestation and protect the global environment. Can be. Bamboo is more elastic than wood and has a hollow cylindrical shape, so that it has good workability and is easy to process for various uses. Furthermore, the external appearance which comprises a curve and contains a node gives a unique texture and is suitable as a material for providing a so-called healing space.

  Bamboo can be used in the raw state (green bamboo), but it is widely practiced to dry distillation with steam in a high-temperature kiln. By bamboo-distilling bamboo, bamboo quinone, which is the main component of bamboo, permeates the whole, stabilizes the fiber state and improves dimensional stability, and enhances antibacterial, insecticidal and deodorizing effects. In addition, the surface of the bamboo is carbonized by dry distillation, resulting in a dark brown color with astringency, further improving the texture and interior properties.

  Bamboo can stabilize the fiber state of the bamboo by dry distillation at a high temperature and sufficiently enhance the antibacterial, insecticidal and deodorizing effects, but there is a problem that the bamboo will burst if the temperature control is not appropriate. Baking bamboo that broke during carbonization in a kiln further carbonizes not only the surface of the bamboo but also the inner surface, resulting in a dark brown color that is not particularly suitable for use in crafts, vases, tableware, etc. It becomes. Blowing of bamboo can be prevented by setting the carbonization temperature low, but in this case, the bamboo fiber state is not stable, so the dimensions are likely to be distorted, and the antibacterial, insecticidal and deodorizing effects are also insufficient. .

  In addition, when bamboo powder is used as a deodorant or the like, even if it breaks during dry distillation, there is no particular problem in its use. Therefore, the powder also exhibits a dark brown color, which is not preferable in appearance, and the use of the bamboo powder must be limited.

  Therefore, the present invention solves the problems of the prior art as described above and provides a novel method for effectively dry-distilling bamboo without rupturing, whereby only the surface of bamboo is carbonized and dark brown. However, it is an object of the present invention to obtain dry-distilled bamboo whose inner surface is maintained in the same state as that of green bamboo, and to use it appropriately for various uses including crafts, vases and tableware.

  In order to solve this problem, the present invention provides a method for dry distillation of green bamboo in a kiln. After raising the temperature of the kiln to 200 to 250 ° C. and maintaining the temperature for a predetermined time, 150 to 190 ° C., preferably Is lowered to 170 to 180 ° C. and maintained at the temperature for a predetermined time, and then the bamboo is dried by residual heat, and the bamboo is taken out after the temperature difference from the outside air temperature becomes 20 ° C. or less.

  The present invention also includes a step of applying bamboo vinegar to fresh green bamboo and drying, a step of placing this green bamboo in a kiln taking into account the moisture content, thickness and weight, and a green bamboo placed in the kiln. The step of high-temperature treatment in the kiln, the step of leaving it in the kiln and fumigating and drying with residual heat, and the step of taking out the bamboo from the kiln after the temperature difference between the kiln and the outside air is below 20 ° C The process of high temperature treatment of green bamboo in the kiln is to raise the temperature of the kiln to 200-250 ° C. and maintain at that temperature for a predetermined time, and then lower it to 150-190 ° C., preferably 170-180 ° C. The temperature is controlled so that the temperature is maintained for a predetermined time.

According to the present invention, bamboo can be dry-distilled without rupturing, the surface is almost uniformly carbonized and dark brown, while the inner surface is kept clean of bamboo, and is also fungicidal, insect-proof and deodorized. It is possible to efficiently produce dry-distilled bamboo that is also excellent in effect. Such carbonized bamboo is excellent in texture and interior, and is suitable for a wide range of applications including various building materials such as flooring, various interior materials such as carpets and wall materials, various crafts, vases and tableware. can do.

The method of carbonizing bamboo according to the present invention is as follows:
a. Applying bamboo vinegar to fresh green bamboo and drying it;
b placing the green bamboo in the kiln while taking into account the moisture content, thickness and weight;
c The process of high-temperature processing the bamboo placed in the kiln in the kiln;
d The process of leaving in a kiln and fumigating and drying with residual heat;
e. The step of removing bamboo from the kiln after the temperature difference between the kiln and the outside air is 20 ° C. or less;
including.

  The step a is preferably performed in order to make the wrinkles in the bamboo inconspicuous and make the finished color uniform.

  In the step b, when the next step c is performed, the larger the water content (water content), thickness, and weight of the bamboo, the more time is required for combustion (carbonization). In light of the temperature distribution of the kiln, which is higher than the lower part and higher than the near side (entrance side), it is arranged in the kiln so that all the bamboos are baked substantially evenly.

  As a kiln used to bake bamboo, a kiln 10 formed of iron or the like and having a clay shape on its surface and having a substantially dome shape can be used as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Inside the kiln 10, a rail 12 extending by a length equal to a substantially diameter (for example, about 3 m) is laid from the entrance 11 to the back, and a carriage 13 can travel on the rail 12. The carriage 13 has shelves 14a to 14c in multiple stages, and the green bamboo 15 can be placed on each shelf. Although not shown, the inlet 11 can be sealed with an iron door or the like. Although not shown, a temperature sensor is installed on the ceiling of the kiln 10 and a temperature display unit for visually confirming the temperature measured by the temperature sensor is provided on the outer wall of the kiln 10. As a guide for temperature control in the furnace 10 to be performed.

  When the c process is performed using such a kiln 10, the blue bamboo 15a1 is hotter than the green bamboo 15a1 arranged at the back of the uppermost shelf 14a and the green bamboo 15a2 arranged on the front side. Comparing the green bamboo 15b1 arranged at the back of the middle shelf 14b with the green bamboo 15b2 arranged at the frontmost side, the blue bamboo 15b1 is hotter, and the green bamboo 15c1 arranged at the innermost side of the bottom shelf 14c is at the frontmost side. Compared to the arranged bamboo 15c2, the bamboo 15c1 has a higher temperature. Further, if the arrangement position in the depth direction of the kiln 10 is the same, the green bamboo placed on the uppermost shelf 14a has the highest temperature, and the green bamboo placed on the lower shelf 14c has the slowest temperature rise. Become. Therefore, according to the temperature distribution in the kiln 10, the bamboo with a large water content / thickness / weight is arranged at a position where the temperature in the kiln becomes high, and the bamboo with a small water content / thickness / weight is placed in the kiln. Place it at a position where the temperature is relatively low.

  Step c is a step of baking (partially carbonizing) a large number of green bamboos 15 placed on the shelves 14a to 14c of the carriage 13 in the kiln 10 using fuel such as wood pieces and bamboo pieces. This is performed under temperature control as shown in FIG. The fuel is not particularly limited, but because bamboo contains a lot of oil, bamboo pieces are used when baking at high temperatures (eg, 200 ° C. or higher), and wood pieces are used when baking at medium temperatures (eg, 150-200 ° C.). When baking at a low temperature (for example, 150 ° C. or lower), it is preferable to use logs of raw wood.

  Referring to FIG. 3, after a necessary amount of fuel such as a piece of wood is introduced from the inlet 11 into the kiln 10 containing a large number of bamboo shoots 15, this is burned to rapidly increase the temperature in the kiln 10 in a short time. Temperature T1 (c-1). The temperature T1 is 200 to 250 ° C., and can be set to 230 ° C., for example. To raise the temperature to such a high temperature T1, for example, within 30 minutes after the start of combustion, a large amount of bamboo pieces are used as fuel in consideration of the capacity of the kiln 10 and the water content and quantity of the bamboo. If necessary, fuel injection is intermittently performed a plurality of times.

  Next, this high temperature state T1 is maintained for about 30 minutes (c-2). In order to maintain the high temperature state T1, the fuel is intermittently supplied. The time from the start of combustion to the end of step c-2 is preferably about 30 to 60 minutes.

  Thereafter, the fuel injection is temporarily stopped and the temperature of the kiln 10 is lowered to T2 (T2 <T1) (c-3). The temperature T2 is 150 to 190 ° C, preferably 170 to 180 ° C. The time required for the temperature drop c-3 is 10 to 30 minutes, preferably about 15 minutes.

  Next, the kiln 10 is maintained in this temperature range T2 for a predetermined time, for example, 15 to 45 minutes, more preferably 20 to 40 minutes (c-4). For this purpose, the fuel is introduced intermittently.

  Thereafter, the fuel is stopped and water remaining in the green bamboo is removed by residual heat (c-5). Although this work depends on the capacity of the kiln 10 and the like, it is carried out for almost a day and night, during which water remaining in the green bamboo is removed and dried.

  And after confirming that the difference between the temperature (T3) of the kiln 10 and the outside air temperature is 20 degrees or less, the dry-distilled bamboo is taken out from the kiln 10 (c-6). This operation can be performed by pulling out the carriage 13 along the rail 12 from the kiln 10.

  Bamboo dry distillation can be performed by a series of operations from c-1 to c-6. For example, combustion is started at 10:00 am, c-1 is performed for 20 minutes, c-2 is performed for 30 minutes, c-3 is performed for 15 minutes, and c-4 is performed for 30 minutes. It is allowed to cool and the dry-distilled bamboo is taken out at c-6. If it does in this way, dry distillation of bamboo can be performed repeatedly in a one-day cycle.

  As an example of the present invention, in the dry distillation treatment of several tens of green bamboos at once using the kiln 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, combustion was started at 10 am, and c-1 was performed for 20 minutes. The temperature is raised to T1 = 230 ° C. and maintained at this temperature for 30 minutes at c-2. Then, fuel injection is interrupted for 15 minutes at c-3, and the temperature of the kiln 10 is lowered to T2 = 170 ° C., and c-4 Then, the fuel was supplied again and maintained at this temperature for 30 minutes. Then, the fuel supply was stopped and left at c-5 until the next morning. At 7 am, the dry-distilled bamboo was taken out at c-6. The temperature T3 of the kiln 10 at this time was 20 ° C., and the outside air temperature was 10 ° C.

  On the other hand, the treatment of c-1 and c-2 was not performed, and T2 = 170 ° C. from the start of combustion, and thereafter the treatment after c-4 was performed in the same manner as in the above embodiment, followed by dry distillation. It was set to 1.

  In addition, after performing the treatments c-1 and c-2 in the same manner as in the above example, the process immediately proceeds to the heat treatment c-5 without performing the treatments c-3 and c-4. Was carried out in the same manner as in the above Example, and was designated as Comparative Example 2.

  Further, except that the temperature T1 at c-1 and c-2 was 250 ° C. except that the carbonization was performed in the same manner as in the above example, Comparative Example 3, and the temperature T3 at the time of taking out at c-6 was 35 ° C. What was processed like the said Example was made into the comparative example 4.

  According to the dry distillation method of the embodiment of the present invention, it was possible to obtain dry distillation bamboo without rupture. Therefore, in this dry-distilled bamboo, the surface is almost uniformly carbonized and dark brown, while the inner surface is kept in a clean state of green bamboo, and can be used suitably for various applications. In addition, the dry-distilled bamboo was excellent in antibacterial, insecticidal and deodorizing effects.

  On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, since the carbonization temperature is low, a sufficient carbonization effect cannot be obtained, and the use is limited because the surface brown color is thin and the unique texture as a carbonized bamboo is not sufficiently expressed. The antibacterial, insecticidal and deodorizing effects did not reach satisfactory levels. In Comparative Example 1, an attempt was made to continue the c-4 treatment at T2 = 170 ° C. for 3 to 4 hours for a long time, but in this case too, the surface color was not sufficiently obtained.

  Moreover, in the dry distillation bamboo obtained by Comparative Example 2, the upper surface is carbonized to exhibit a dark brown color, but the upper surface is insufficiently carbonized and the brown color is thin, and an even carbonized state is present. It was not obtained.

  In Comparative Example 3, since the initial carbonization temperature T1 was 250 ° C., about half of the bamboos burst. The resulting dry-distilled bamboo is exposed not only to the high temperature, but the resulting carbonized bamboo is carbonized not only on the surface but also on the inner surface, giving it a dark brown color. there were.

  Further, in Comparative Example 4, the temperature difference between the temperature T3 at the time of taking out from the kiln and the outside air temperature exceeded 20 degrees, so that almost half of the bamboos burst when taken out from the kiln. This dry-distilled bamboo, like the dry-distilled bamboo obtained in Example 1, was carbonized almost evenly to give a dark brown color, but the inner surface maintained the clean state of green bamboo, but it bursted. As a result, it can only be used for limited use in powder form.

  FIG. 4 shows the above evaluation in a table format.

  According to the present invention, bamboo can be dry-distilled without rupturing, the surface is almost uniformly carbonized and dark brown, while the inner surface is kept clean of bamboo, and is also fungicidal, insect-proof and deodorized. Since the dry-distilled bamboo excellent in the effect can be produced efficiently, it can be suitably used for the various uses described above, and it can be applied to new uses.

  For example, the dry-distilled bamboo obtained according to the present invention can be powdered to form dry-distilled bamboo powder, which can be fixed to fibers or fabrics to make clothes, bedding, and the like. Moreover, if the dry-distilled bamboo obtained by this invention is crushed and made into a cotton-like thread, various clothes can be sewn from this thread. Since dry-distilled bamboo exhibits extremely strong adsorptive power against bad smells such as ammonia, pyridine (causing substances of body odor and sweat) and tobacco odor, clothing and bedding manufactured from this dry-distilled bamboo powder and dry-distilled bamboo yarn Is expected to have a wide range of uses as clothing and bedding for elderly caregivers, pet clothing such as dogs, various sports uniforms and other products that require a deodorizing effect.

  Further, when dry-distilled bamboo powder made into ultrafine particles of about 20 microns is mixed into pet food (dog food, cat food, etc.), the deodorizing effect can alleviate malodor during excretion.

  The dry-distilled bamboo also has an effect of making the food and drink a mellow taste. In particular, the dry-distilled bamboo obtained by the present invention has a portion that is kept white without being almost carbonized, so that there is no sense of incongruity even if it is put in food or drink. If this dry-distilled bamboo powder is provided as a solidified supplement in tablet form or tablet form, it will have a mellow taste if it is added to alcohol, it will taste like American if it is added to black coffee, and even if it is put in astringent tea It will have a mellow taste, and if you add it to the dish, spicy and dark things will have a mellow taste.

It is internal sectional drawing which shows an example of the kiln which can be used for the dry distillation method of the bamboo by this invention. It is an internal top view of this kiln. It is a figure which shows the dry distillation method of the bamboo by this invention with the graph of temperature / time. It is a figure which shows evaluation about this invention Example and a comparative example by a table form.

Explanation of symbols

10 Kiln 11 Entrance 12 Rail 13 Dolly 14a-14c Shelf 15

Claims (2)

In the method of carbonizing raw green bamboo in a kiln, the temperature of the kiln is raised to 200 to 250 ° C. and maintained at the temperature for a predetermined time, then lowered to 150 to 190 ° C. and maintained at the temperature for a predetermined time, and then the residual heat A method of dry distillation of bamboo, characterized in that the bamboo is dried and the bamboo is taken out after the temperature difference from the outside air temperature becomes 20 ° C. or less. Applying bamboo vinegar solution to fresh green bamboo and drying it, placing the green bamboo in the kiln taking into account the moisture content, thickness and weight, and treating the bamboo taken in the kiln at high temperature in the kiln And the process of fumigating and drying with residual heat after leaving in the kiln, and the process of taking out the bamboo from the kiln after the temperature difference between the kiln and the outside air falls below 20 ° C. In the process of high-temperature treatment in the kiln, the temperature of the kiln is raised to 200 to 250 ° C. and maintained at the temperature for a predetermined time, and then the temperature is controlled so that the temperature is lowered to 150 to 190 ° C. and maintained at the temperature for a predetermined time. Bamboo carbonization method characterized by performing.

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