JP2007131125A - Method of detecting abnormal condition of vehicle body inclination device - Google Patents

Method of detecting abnormal condition of vehicle body inclination device Download PDF

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JP2007131125A
JP2007131125A JP2005325536A JP2005325536A JP2007131125A JP 2007131125 A JP2007131125 A JP 2007131125A JP 2005325536 A JP2005325536 A JP 2005325536A JP 2005325536 A JP2005325536 A JP 2005325536A JP 2007131125 A JP2007131125 A JP 2007131125A
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vehicle body
air spring
height
carriage
air
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JP5038615B2 (en
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Shunichi Usui
俊一 臼井
Kosuke Hayakawa
浩右 早川
Hideya Endo
秀弥 遠藤
Yasuyuki Fukui
康之 福井
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Nippon Sharyo Ltd
Central Japan Railway Co
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Nippon Sharyo Ltd
Central Japan Railway Co
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of detecting an abnormal condition of a vehicle body inclination device, capable of easily detecting the occurrence of an abnormal condition by a simple device structure, on one of the vehicle body inclination devices respectively provided on trucks of vehicle body front and rear portions. <P>SOLUTION: The height H1 of an air spring 14 on a first side of the first truck 12, the height H2 of an air spring 14 on a second side of the first truck 12, the height H3 of an air spring 16 on a first side of a second truck 13, and the height H4 of an air spring 17 on a second side of the second truck 13 are detected. When a value obtained by an expression ; (H1-H2)-(H3-H4)¾ exceeds a threshold value Hs set in advance, it is determined that the vehicle body inclination device is under an abnormal condition. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、車体傾斜装置の異常検出方法に関し、詳しくは、台車と車体との間に設けた空気バネの空気量を調整して車体を傾斜させる車体傾斜装置の異常を検出する方法に関する。   The present invention relates to an abnormality detection method for a vehicle body tilting device, and more particularly to a method for detecting an abnormality in a vehicle body tilting device that tilts the vehicle body by adjusting the air amount of an air spring provided between the carriage and the vehicle body.

曲線路通過時の乗り心地を改善するための車体傾斜装置として、車体前後部に設けた各台車の枕木方向両側に空気バネをそれぞれ配置し、両空気バネにて車体を支持するとともに、曲線路通過時に、曲線路外側の空気バネに給気して該空気バネを高くし、曲線路内側の空気バネから排気して該空気バネを低くすることにより、車体を曲線路内側に向けて傾斜させる空気バネ式の車体傾斜装置が知られている。   As a vehicle body tilting device to improve riding comfort when passing through curved roads, air springs are arranged on both sides of the sleeper direction of each bogie provided at the front and rear parts of the car body, and the vehicle body is supported by both air springs. When passing, air is supplied to the air spring outside the curved road to raise the air spring, and exhausted from the air spring inside the curved road to lower the air spring, thereby tilting the vehicle body toward the inside of the curved road An air spring type body tilting device is known.

このような車体傾斜装置において、車体傾斜制御の異常を検知、判定するための方法が各種提案されており、例えば、車体に作用する左右方向の定常加速度を検出する加速度検出器と、車体の左右両側での上下方向の高さを検出する高さセンサーと、この高さセンサーで検出した車体高さから定常的横加速度を演算し、この定常的横加速度と前記定常加速度との符号を比較する方法が提案されている（例えば、特許文献１参照。）。
特開２００４−９８９５号公報 In such a vehicle body tilting device, various methods for detecting and determining an abnormality in vehicle body tilt control have been proposed. For example, an acceleration detector that detects a steady acceleration in the left-right direction acting on the vehicle body, Calculate the steady lateral acceleration from the height sensor that detects the height in the vertical direction on both sides, and the vehicle body height detected by this height sensor, and compare the sign of the steady lateral acceleration with the steady acceleration A method has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-9895

しかし、従来の検知方法は、特許文献１に記載された方法をはじめとして、空気バネの高さセンサーの他に、加速度計、ジャイロ、曲線情報読取装置、ボギー角検出器等の曲線検出手段を組み合わせた複雑な検知システムとなっており、また、検知システムが車体の傾斜制御を行う制御手段に組み込まれ、制御手段の異常を検知するものであった。   However, the conventional detection method includes not only the method described in Patent Document 1 but also a curve detection means such as an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a curve information reader, a bogie angle detector, in addition to the air spring height sensor. The detection system is a complex detection system that is combined, and the detection system is incorporated in a control unit that performs tilt control of the vehicle body to detect an abnormality of the control unit.

このため、制御手段の構成によって判定基準も様々であり、各車両の条件や走行条件にあわせた基準値等を設定するのが面倒であった。さらに、従来の異常検知方法は、曲線路通過時の車体傾斜状態を各種センサーで検知し、基準値と比較するものであるから、直線路通過時の車体傾斜装置に異常が発生しても検知することはできなかった。   For this reason, there are various determination criteria depending on the configuration of the control means, and it is troublesome to set a reference value or the like according to the conditions of each vehicle and the traveling conditions. In addition, the conventional abnormality detection method detects the vehicle body tilt state when passing through a curved road with various sensors and compares it with a reference value. Therefore, even if an abnormality occurs in the vehicle body tilting device when passing through a straight road, it is detected. I couldn't.

そこで本発明は、車体前後部の台車にそれぞれ設けた車体傾斜装置の一方に異常が発生したことを簡単な装置構成で容易に検知することができる車体傾斜装置の異常検出方法を提供することを目的としている。   Accordingly, the present invention provides an abnormality detection method for a vehicle body tilting device that can easily detect that an abnormality has occurred in one of the vehicle body tilting devices respectively provided on the front and rear vehicle trolleys with a simple device configuration. It is aimed.

上記目的を達成するため、本発明の車体傾斜装置の異常検出方法は、第１の構成として、鉄道車両の車体前後部に一対の台車をそれぞれ配置し、各台車の両側部分にそれぞれ設けた一対の空気バネによって車体を支持し、各空気バネの空気量を調整することによって車体を傾斜させる車体傾斜装置の異常検出方法であって、一方の台車の一側方の空気バネの高さ（Ｈ１）と、該一方の台車の他側方の空気バネの高さ（Ｈ２）と、他方の台車の一側方の空気バネの高さ（Ｈ３）と、該他方の台車の他側方の空気バネの高さ（Ｈ４）とを検出し、下記式（１）にて算出した値が、あらかじめ設定された閾値（Ｈｓ）を超えたときに車体傾斜装置の異常と判定することを特徴としている。   In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the abnormality detection method for a vehicle body tilting apparatus according to the present invention has, as a first configuration, a pair of carriages arranged in front and rear portions of a railway vehicle body and a pair of carriages provided on both side portions of each carriage. This is a method for detecting an abnormality in a vehicle body tilting device that supports a vehicle body with a plurality of air springs and tilts the vehicle body by adjusting the air amount of each air spring, and the height (H1) of the air spring on one side of one carriage ), The height (H2) of the air spring on the other side of the one carriage, the height (H3) of the air spring on one side of the other carriage, and the air on the other side of the other carriage The height of the spring (H4) is detected, and when the value calculated by the following equation (1) exceeds a preset threshold value (Hs), it is determined that the vehicle body tilting device is abnormal. .

｜（Ｈ１−Ｈ２）−（Ｈ３−Ｈ４）｜＞Ｈｓ・・・（１） | (H1-H2)-(H3-H4) |> Hs (1)

また、本発明の車体傾斜装置の異常検出方法の第２の構成は、鉄道車両の車体前後部に一対の台車をそれぞれ配置し、各台車の両側部分にそれぞれ設けた一対の空気バネによって車体を支持し、各空気バネの空気量を調整することによって車体を傾斜させる車体傾斜装置の異常検出方法であって、一方の台車の一側方の空気バネの圧力（Ｐ１）と、該一方の台車の他側方の空気バネの圧力（Ｐ２）と、他方の台車の一側方の空気バネの圧力（Ｐ３）と、該他方の台車の他側方の空気バネの圧力（Ｐ４）とを検出し、下記式（２）にて算出した値が、あらかじめ設定された閾値（Ｐｓ）を超えたときに車体傾斜装置の異常と判定することを特徴としている。   According to a second configuration of the vehicle body tilting apparatus abnormality detection method of the present invention, a pair of trolleys are respectively disposed on the front and rear portions of the railway vehicle, and the vehicle body is supported by a pair of air springs provided on both sides of each trolley. A method for detecting an abnormality of a vehicle body tilting device that supports and tilts the vehicle body by adjusting the air amount of each air spring, the pressure (P1) of the air spring on one side of one carriage and the one carriage The pressure of the air spring on the other side (P2), the pressure of the air spring on one side of the other carriage (P3), and the pressure of the air spring on the other side of the other carriage (P4) are detected. However, when the value calculated by the following equation (2) exceeds a preset threshold value (Ps), it is determined that the vehicle body tilting device is abnormal.

｜（Ｐ１−Ｐ２）−（Ｐ３−Ｐ４）｜＞Ｐｓ・・・（２） | (P1-P2)-(P3-P4) |> Ps (2)

本発明の車体傾斜装置の異常検出方法によれば、車体前後の各台車のいずれか一方において車体が逆傾斜状態になったことを容易に検知することができる。すなわち、正常な車体傾斜を行う台車と、正常な車体傾斜を行わない台車とが、車体に対して逆傾斜した状態になったことを容易に検知することができ、車体前後の各台車との間に設けられた車体傾斜装置の一方に異常が発生したことを容易に検出できる。また、車体傾斜装置が作動する曲線通過時ばかりでなく、直線路通過時においても、一方の車体傾斜装置が異常作動した場合は、これを検知することが可能である。   According to the abnormality detection method for a vehicle body tilting apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to easily detect that the vehicle body is in a reversely inclined state in any one of the carts before and after the vehicle body. That is, it is possible to easily detect that the cart that performs normal vehicle body tilting and the cart that does not perform normal vehicle body tilting are reversely tilted with respect to the vehicle body. It can be easily detected that an abnormality has occurred in one of the vehicle body tilting devices provided therebetween. Further, when one of the vehicle body tilting devices operates abnormally, not only when the vehicle body tilting device operates, but also when passing through a straight road, this can be detected.

図１は車体に対する空気バネの配置状態を示す平面図、図２及び図３は空気バネの高さを検出する手段の一例を示す概略正面図、図４は空気バネの高さを検出する手段の他の例を示す概略正面図である。また、図５は空気バネの圧力を検出する手段の一例を示す概略正面図である。   1 is a plan view showing an arrangement state of an air spring with respect to a vehicle body, FIGS. 2 and 3 are schematic front views showing an example of means for detecting the height of the air spring, and FIG. 4 is means for detecting the height of the air spring. It is a schematic front view which shows the other example. FIG. 5 is a schematic front view showing an example of means for detecting the pressure of the air spring.

まず、本発明の対象となる鉄道車両の車体傾斜装置は、車体１１の前後部に一対の台車１２，１３をそれぞれ配置し、各台車１２，１３の両側部分にそれぞれ設けた一対の空気バネ１４，１５，１６，１７によって車体を支持し、各空気バネの空気量を調整することによって車体１１を傾斜させるように形成されている。   First, in a vehicle body tilting apparatus for a railway vehicle that is an object of the present invention, a pair of carriages 12 and 13 are respectively arranged on the front and rear portions of the body 11, and a pair of air springs 14 provided on both side portions of each carriage 12 and 13, respectively. , 15, 16, and 17 so that the vehicle body 11 is tilted by adjusting the air amount of each air spring.

このような空気バネ式の車体傾斜装置は、基本的に、図２に示す直線路通過時の状態では、各空気バネ１４，１５，１６，１７の高さは同一に保持され、曲線路通過時には、図３に示すように、曲線路外側の空気バネ１４，１６に給気して該空気バネ１４，１６を高くし、曲線路内側の空気バネ１５，１７から排気して該空気バネ１５，１７を低くすることにより、車体１１を曲線路内側に向けて傾斜させる。   Such an air spring type vehicle body tilting device basically has the same height of the air springs 14, 15, 16, 17 in the state of passing through the straight road shown in FIG. In some cases, as shown in FIG. 3, the air springs 14 and 16 outside the curved road are supplied with air to raise the air springs 14 and 16, and are exhausted from the air springs 15 and 17 inside the curved road to exhaust the air spring 15. , 17 is lowered to incline the vehicle body 11 toward the inside of the curved road.

なお、本発明においては、曲線路通過時に車体１１を傾斜させるための制御手段は特に限定されるものではなく、任意の構成のものを用いることができるので、その詳細な説明は省略する。   In the present invention, the control means for inclining the vehicle body 11 when passing through a curved road is not particularly limited, and an arbitrary configuration can be used, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

上述のような空気バネ式の車体傾斜装置において、空気バネの高さ、すなわち、車体１１と台車１２，１３との上下間隔を検出する手段として、図２及び図３に示すテコ式高さ検出器１８や、図４に示すレーザ式高さ検出器１９を各空気バネ１４，１５，１６，１７に対応してそれぞれ設置し、各検出器１８，１９の出力を空気バネの高さとして数値化し、簡単な演算処理を行うことによって両台車１２，１３の位置での車体１１の傾斜状態を把握し、その結果に基づいて車体傾斜装置の異常の有無を判定する。   In the air spring type vehicle body tilting device as described above, the lever height detection shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is used as means for detecting the height of the air spring, that is, the vertical distance between the vehicle body 11 and the carriages 12 and 13. 4 and the laser-type height detector 19 shown in FIG. 4 are installed in correspondence with the air springs 14, 15, 16, and 17, respectively, and the outputs of the detectors 18 and 19 are numerical values as the height of the air spring. The leaning state of the vehicle body 11 at the positions of the two carriages 12 and 13 is grasped by performing simple calculation processing, and the presence or absence of abnormality of the vehicle body tilting device is determined based on the result.

具体的には、図１において、一方の台車１２の一側方に位置する空気バネ１４の高さ（Ｈ１）と、該一方の台車１２の他側方に位置する空気バネ１５の高さ（Ｈ２）と、他方の台車１３の一側方に位置する空気バネ１６の高さ（Ｈ３）と、該他方の台車１３の他側方に位置する空気バネ１７の高さ（Ｈ４）とを検出し、下記式（１）にて算出した値が、あらかじめ設定された閾値（Ｈｓ）を超えたときに車体傾斜装置の異常と判定する。   Specifically, in FIG. 1, the height (H1) of the air spring 14 located on one side of one carriage 12 and the height of the air spring 15 located on the other side of the one carriage 12 ( H2), the height (H3) of the air spring 16 located on one side of the other carriage 13, and the height (H4) of the air spring 17 located on the other side of the other carriage 13 are detected. When the value calculated by the following equation (1) exceeds a preset threshold value (Hs), it is determined that the vehicle body tilting device is abnormal.

｜（Ｈ１−Ｈ２）−（Ｈ３−Ｈ４）｜＞Ｈｓ・・・（１） | (H1-H2)-(H3-H4) |> Hs (1)

このとき、両台車１２，１３における車体傾斜装置が正常に作動すれば、曲線路外側に位置する空気バネ、例えば空気バネ１４，１６の高さ（Ｈ１，Ｈ３）は共に大きくなり、曲線路内側に位置する空気バネ１５，１７の高さ（Ｈ２，Ｈ４）は共に小さくなる。したがって、（Ｈ１−Ｈ２）の値と（Ｈ３−Ｈ４）の値とは略等しくなり、両者の差の絶対値は零に近い値となる。   At this time, if the vehicle body tilting device in both the carriages 12 and 13 operates normally, the heights (H1, H3) of the air springs, for example, the air springs 14 and 16, located outside the curved road, both increase, and the inside of the curved road Both the heights (H2, H4) of the air springs 15 and 17 located at are small. Therefore, the value of (H1−H2) and the value of (H3−H4) are substantially equal, and the absolute value of the difference between them is a value close to zero.

一方の台車１２に設けられた車体傾斜装置に異常が発生し、この台車１２の車体傾斜装置が曲線路通過時に作動せず、車体１１に対して前後の台車１２，１３に逆傾斜が発生すると、例えば、一方の台車１２では一側方に位置する空気バネ１４の高さ（Ｈ１）の値が大きくなり、該一方の台車１２の他側方に位置する空気バネ１５の高さ（Ｈ２）の値が小さくなり、さらに、他方の台車１３の一側方に位置する空気バネ１６の高さ（Ｈ３）の値が小さくなり、該他方の台車１３の他側方に位置する空気バネ１７の高さ（Ｈ４）の値が大きくなると、（Ｈ１−Ｈ２）の値は正となり、（Ｈ３−Ｈ４）の値は負となる。したがって、前記式（１）の計算結果は大きな値となる。   When an abnormality occurs in the vehicle body tilting device provided in one carriage 12, the vehicle body tilting device of the carriage 12 does not operate when passing through a curved road, and reverse tilting occurs in the front and rear carts 12, 13 with respect to the vehicle body 11. For example, the value of the height (H1) of the air spring 14 located on one side of one carriage 12 is increased, and the height (H2) of the air spring 15 located on the other side of the one carriage 12 is increased. And the height (H3) of the air spring 16 located on one side of the other carriage 13 becomes smaller, and the air spring 17 located on the other side of the other carriage 13 becomes smaller. As the height (H4) increases, the value of (H1-H2) becomes positive and the value of (H3-H4) becomes negative. Therefore, the calculation result of the formula (1) is a large value.

一般的に、車体傾斜装置の異常を検知するための一つの手段として、空気バネ高さセンサーが用いられており、高さセンサーの出力が単純に閾値を超えたときに車体異常上昇と判断して車体傾斜を中止し、空気バネ排気等の異常回避動作を取るようにしている。しかし、一つの車体内において、前後の台車が逆方向に傾斜した場合、各高さセンサーの出力が前記閾値の範囲内であれば、異常と判定することができない。すなわち、単純に各空気バネ１４，１５，１６，１７の高さを前記閾値とそれぞれ比較しただけでは、前後の台車が逆方向に傾斜した異常状態を把握することは困難である。   In general, an air spring height sensor is used as one means for detecting an abnormality in the body tilting device. When the output of the height sensor simply exceeds a threshold, it is determined that the body abnormality has increased. In this way, the body tilt is stopped and an abnormal avoidance operation such as air spring exhaust is performed. However, if the front and rear trolleys incline in the opposite direction within one vehicle body, it cannot be determined as abnormal if the output of each height sensor is within the range of the threshold. That is, simply comparing the heights of the air springs 14, 15, 16, and 17 with the threshold values makes it difficult to grasp an abnormal state in which the front and rear carriages are inclined in the opposite direction.

一方、前述のように前記式（１）を用いて算出した値とあらかじめ設定した閾値（Ｈｓ）とを比較して異常の有無を判定する場合、車両が緩和曲線や軌道ネジレ区間を走行したときには、車体傾斜装置が正常であっても前後の台車が逆方向に傾斜したのと同じ状況となるので、このようなときには車体傾斜装置が異常であると判定しないように閾値（Ｈｓ）を設定する必要がある。   On the other hand, when the presence or absence of an abnormality is determined by comparing the value calculated using the equation (1) with the threshold (Hs) set in advance as described above, when the vehicle travels on a relaxation curve or a track twisting section. Even if the vehicle body tilting device is normal, the situation is the same as when the front and rear carts are tilted in the opposite direction. In such a case, the threshold value (Hs) is set so as not to determine that the vehicle body tilting device is abnormal. There is a need.

閾値（Ｈｓ）の設定には、車両のバネ系から推定される輪重抜けを考慮する必要がある。また、差圧弁の設定圧が閾値（Ｈｓ）の目安になる。すなわち、空気バネにより車体を支持する鉄道車両では、車体に作用するネジリモーメントによる輪重のアンバランスを、走行上十分に問題ないレベルに抑えるため、空気バネの左右内圧差が設定圧に達すると、左右の空気バネを連通する空気回路を開いて高圧側から低圧側に空気を流す差圧弁（リリーフ弁）が設けられている。この差圧弁の設定圧と空気バネ受圧面積と空気バネ左右間隔との積で決まるネジリモーメントが走行上、余裕を持った値となっている。このネジリモーメントを発生させる各空気バネの高さの差は計算で求められるため、その値に基づいて閾値（Ｈｓ）を設定することにより、走行上、余裕を持った範囲内で車体傾斜装置の異常を検知することができる。   In setting the threshold (Hs), it is necessary to consider wheel load loss estimated from the spring system of the vehicle. In addition, the set pressure of the differential pressure valve is a guideline for the threshold value (Hs). In other words, in a railway vehicle that supports a vehicle body with an air spring, in order to suppress the unbalance of wheel load due to the torsional moment acting on the vehicle body to a level that does not cause a problem in running, the difference between the left and right internal pressures of the air spring reaches a set pressure. A differential pressure valve (relief valve) that opens an air circuit that communicates the left and right air springs and flows air from the high pressure side to the low pressure side is provided. The torsion moment determined by the product of the set pressure of the differential pressure valve, the air spring pressure receiving area, and the air spring left-right distance is a value with a margin in running. Since the difference in height of each air spring that generates this torsional moment is obtained by calculation, by setting a threshold value (Hs) based on that value, the range of the vehicle body tilting device is within a range with a margin in running. Abnormality can be detected.

一例として、１台車内の軸バネ定数が１２０ｋｇｆ／ｍｍ／軸箱（約１．２ｋＮ／ｍｍ／軸箱）、左右軸バネ間隔が２０００ｍｍ、左右空気バネ間隔が２６００ｍｍ、空気バネ有効受圧面積が１９６３ｍｍ２の場合、空気バネ差圧弁設定値が１５０ｋｐａならば、進行方向前側台車と後側台車との合計変位差は、４１．４ｍｍと計算される。 As an example, the shaft spring constant in one truck is 120 kgf / mm / shaft box (about 1.2 kN / mm / shaft box), the left and right shaft spring spacing is 2000 mm, the left and right air spring spacing is 2600 mm, and the air spring effective pressure receiving area is 1963 mm. In the case of 2 , if the set value of the air spring differential pressure valve is 150 kpa, the total displacement difference between the front carriage and the rear carriage in the traveling direction is calculated as 41.4 mm.

ここで、閾値（Ｈｓ）を４０ｍｍと設定した場合、例えば円曲線では、正常時の車体傾斜装置により車体を最大量傾斜させたときの左右空気バネの上下変位差が３０ｍｍ（外側＋１５ｍｍ、内側−１５ｍｍ）であれば、曲線路通過時の正常時における前記式（１）の値は、
｜（（＋１５）−（−１５））−（（＋１５）−（−１５））｜＝０＜Ｈｓ
となる。 Here, when the threshold value (Hs) is set to 40 mm, for example, in a circular curve, the vertical displacement difference between the left and right air springs when the vehicle body is tilted by the maximum amount by a normal vehicle body tilting device is 30 mm (outside +15 mm, inside − 15 mm), the value of the expression (1) at the normal time when passing through the curved road is
| ((+ 15) − (− 15)) − ((+ 15) − (− 15)) | = 0 <Hs
It becomes.

また、閾値（Ｈｓ）を４０ｍｍとした場合、緩和曲線では、例えば、前後台車中心間が１７５００ｍｍの車両が緩和曲線に入ったとき、緩和曲線長がカントの５００倍以上の長さであれば、車体の前後台車間ねじれは、例えば１７５００／５００＝３５＜閾値（Ｈｓ）となり、車体傾斜異常とは判定されない。   Further, when the threshold (Hs) is 40 mm, in the relaxation curve, for example, when a vehicle having a center distance of 17500 mm between the front and rear carriages enters the relaxation curve, the relaxation curve length is 500 times longer than the cant. The twist between the front and rear trucks of the vehicle body is, for example, 17500/500 = 35 <threshold (Hs), and it is not determined that the vehicle body tilt is abnormal.

これは、例えば、前記空気バネ１４の高さ（Ｈ１）の値が＋１７．５ｍｍ、前記空気バネ１５の高さ（Ｈ２）の値が−１７．５ｍｍ、前記空気バネ１６、１７の高さ（Ｈ３，Ｈ４）の値がそれぞれ０ｍｍに相当し、前記式（１）の値は、
｜（（＋１７．５）−（−１７．５））−（（０）−（０））｜
＝｜＋３５−０｜＝３５＜Ｈｓ
として表される。 For example, the value of the height (H1) of the air spring 14 is +17.5 mm, the value of the height (H2) of the air spring 15 is -17.5 mm, and the height of the air springs 16 and 17 ( The values of H3, H4) correspond to 0 mm, respectively, and the value of the formula (1) is
| ((+ 17.5)-(-17.5))-((0)-(0)) |
= | + 35-0 | = 35 <Hs
Represented as:

そして、一方の車体傾斜装置に異常が発生し、前記空気バネ１４の高さ（Ｈ１）の値が−１５ｍｍ、前記空気バネ１５の高さ（Ｈ２）の値が＋１５ｍｍ、前記空気バネ１６の高さ（Ｈ３）の値が＋１５ｍｍ、前記空気バネ１７の高さ（Ｈ４）の値が−１５ｍｍになったとすると、前記式（１）の値は、
｜（（−１５）−（＋１５））−（（＋１５）−（−１５））｜
＝｜−３０−３０｜＝６０＞Ｈｓ
となり、閾値（Ｈｓ）を超えているので車体傾斜装置に異常が発生したと判定することができる。 Then, an abnormality occurs in one of the vehicle body tilting devices, the height (H1) of the air spring 14 is -15 mm, the height (H2) of the air spring 15 is +15 mm, and the height of the air spring 16 is high. If the value of the height (H3) is +15 mm and the value of the height (H4) of the air spring 17 is −15 mm, the value of the equation (1) is
| ((− 15) − (+ 15)) − ((+ 15) − (− 15)) |
= | -30-30 | = 60> Hs
Since the threshold value (Hs) is exceeded, it can be determined that an abnormality has occurred in the vehicle body tilting device.

なお、前記式（１）は、下記式（３）のように書き換えることができ、車体に対して一方の対角位置の一組の空気バネの高さの和と、他方の対角位置の一組の空気バネの高さの和とを比較し、両者の差の絶対値が前記閾値（Ｈｓ）を超えたときに車体傾斜装置の異常と判定すると言い換えることができる。   The equation (1) can be rewritten as the following equation (3), and the sum of the heights of a pair of air springs at one diagonal position with respect to the vehicle body and the other diagonal position. In other words, the sum of the heights of a pair of air springs is compared, and when the absolute value of the difference between the two exceeds the threshold value (Hs), it is determined that the vehicle body tilting device is abnormal.

｜（Ｈ１＋Ｈ４）−（Ｈ２＋Ｈ３）｜＞Ｈｓ・・・（３） | (H1 + H4)-(H2 + H3) |> Hs (3)

さらに、下記式（４）のように書き換えることもでき、車体に対して左右一側方の一組の空気バネの高さの差と、他側方の一組の空気バネの高さの差とを比較し、両者の差の絶対値が前記閾値（Ｈｓ）を超えたときに車体傾斜装置の異常と判定するとも言い換えることができる。   Furthermore, it can be rewritten as the following formula (4), and the difference in height between a pair of air springs on one side on the left and right sides of the vehicle body and the difference in height between a pair of air springs on the other side In other words, when the absolute value of the difference between the two exceeds the threshold (Hs), it is determined that the vehicle body tilting device is abnormal.

｜（Ｈ１−Ｈ３）−（Ｈ２−Ｈ４）｜＞Ｈｓ・・・（４） | (H1-H3)-(H2-H4) |> Hs (4)

また、図５に示すように、空気バネの内部圧力を検出する圧力センサ２０を各空気バネ１４，１５，１６，１７にそれぞれ設け、空気バネの高さで異常を検出するのに代えて、空気バネの圧力変動に基づいて台車１２，１３の逆傾斜を検出することもできる。   In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, pressure sensors 20 that detect the internal pressure of the air springs are provided in the air springs 14, 15, 16, and 17, respectively, and instead of detecting abnormalities at the height of the air springs, The reverse inclination of the carriages 12 and 13 can also be detected based on the pressure fluctuation of the air spring.

すなわち、各空気バネ１４，１５，１６，１７の圧力（Ｐ１，Ｐ２，Ｐ３，Ｐ４）を各圧力センサ２０でそれぞれ検出し、検出した各圧力（Ｐ１，Ｐ２，Ｐ３，Ｐ４）を下記式（２）に当てはめて算出した値が、あらかじめ設定された閾値（Ｐｓ）を超えたときに車体傾斜装置の異常と判定することができる。   That is, the pressures (P1, P2, P3, P4) of the air springs 14, 15, 16, 17 are detected by the respective pressure sensors 20, and the detected pressures (P1, P2, P3, P4) are expressed by the following formula ( When the value calculated by applying 2) exceeds a preset threshold value (Ps), it can be determined that the vehicle body tilting device is abnormal.

｜（Ｐ１−Ｐ２）−（Ｐ３−Ｐ４）｜＞Ｐｓ・・・（２） | (P1-P2)-(P3-P4) |> Ps (2)

前述のように、両台車における車体傾斜装置が正常に作動すれば、例えば、曲線路外側の空気バネ１４，１６の圧力（Ｐ１，Ｐ３）は共に大きくなり、曲線路内側の空気バネ１５，１７の圧力（Ｐ２，Ｐ４）は共に小さくなる。したがって、（Ｐ１−Ｐ２）の値と（Ｐ３−Ｐ４）の値とは略等しくなり、両者の差の絶対値は零に近い値となる。また、曲線路で停止したときも、前後の台車１２，１３は車体に対して同じように変位するので、前記式（２）の計算結果は零に近い値となる。   As described above, if the vehicle body tilting device in both carts operates normally, for example, the pressures (P1, P3) of the air springs 14, 16 on the outside of the curved road both increase, and the air springs 15, 17 on the inside of the curved road. The pressures (P2, P4) of both become smaller. Therefore, the value of (P1-P2) and the value of (P3-P4) are substantially equal, and the absolute value of the difference between the two is close to zero. Further, when the vehicle stops on a curved road, the front and rear carriages 12 and 13 are displaced in the same manner with respect to the vehicle body, so that the calculation result of the equation (2) becomes a value close to zero.

車体傾斜装置の異常によって車体１１に対して前後の台車１２，１３に逆傾斜が発生した状態では、例えば、一方の台車１２の一側方に位置する空気バネ１４の圧力（Ｐ１）の値が大きくなり、該一方の台車１２の他側方に位置する空気バネ１５の圧力（Ｐ２）の値が小さくなり、さらに、他方の台車１３の一側方に位置する空気バネ１６の圧力（Ｐ３）の値が小さくなり、該他方の台車１３の他側方に位置する空気バネ１７の圧力（Ｐ４）の値が大きくなった状態となっている。したがって、前記式（２）における（Ｐ１−Ｐ２）の値は正となり、（Ｐ３−Ｐ４）の値は負となるので、前記式（２）の計算結果は大きな値となる。   In a state where the front and rear carts 12 and 13 are reversely tilted with respect to the vehicle body 11 due to an abnormality in the vehicle tilting device, for example, the value of the pressure (P1) of the air spring 14 located on one side of the one cart 12 is The value of the pressure (P2) of the air spring 15 located on the other side of the one carriage 12 becomes smaller and the pressure of the air spring 16 located on one side of the other carriage 13 (P3). Is reduced, and the value of the pressure (P4) of the air spring 17 located on the other side of the other carriage 13 is increased. Therefore, the value of (P1-P2) in the equation (2) is positive and the value of (P3-P4) is negative, so the calculation result of the equation (2) is a large value.

この圧力の閾値（Ｐｓ）は、式（２）から理解できるように、一つの台車における左右の空気バネ間の差圧をそれぞれ求め、さらに前後の台車の各差圧の差を求めてその絶対値と比較するものであるから、閾値（Ｐｓ）も、空気バネの内部圧力を示す値ではなく、差圧を示す値となる。したがって、前述の差圧弁の設定圧力を基準にして閾値（Ｐｓ）を設定することができる。差圧弁の設定圧力は、従来から基本的に１５０ｋＰａとなっているので、閾値（Ｐｓ）は最大で１５０ｋＰａに設定することが好ましい。   As can be understood from the equation (2), the pressure threshold value (Ps) is obtained by calculating the differential pressure between the left and right air springs in one carriage and further calculating the difference between the differential pressures of the front and rear carriages. The threshold value (Ps) is not a value indicating the internal pressure of the air spring but a value indicating a differential pressure. Therefore, the threshold value (Ps) can be set with reference to the set pressure of the differential pressure valve. Since the set pressure of the differential pressure valve has conventionally been basically 150 kPa, the threshold (Ps) is preferably set to 150 kPa at the maximum.

例えば、差圧弁の設定圧力及び閾値（Ｐｓ）を共に１５０ｋＰａに設定したときには、車体傾斜装置の異常で車体１１に対して一方の台車のみが大きく傾斜した状態になったときに、差圧弁が作動してこの台車の左右の空気バネの圧力を１５０ｋＰａ以下の圧力差にしようとするのと同時に車体傾斜装置の異常を検出できる。また、１５０ｋＰａ以下の適当な圧力値を閾値（Ｐｓ）に設定しておくことにより、差圧弁が作動する前に車体傾斜装置の異常を検出できる。但し、閾値（Ｐｓ）は、車両が緩和曲線や軌道ネジレ区間を走行したときの揺れなどによって誤った判定を行わないような値に設定しておく必要がある。   For example, when both the set pressure and the threshold value (Ps) of the differential pressure valve are set to 150 kPa, the differential pressure valve is activated when only one carriage is largely inclined with respect to the vehicle body 11 due to an abnormality in the vehicle body tilting device. Thus, the abnormality of the vehicle body tilting device can be detected at the same time as the pressure difference between the left and right air springs of the carriage is set to a pressure difference of 150 kPa or less. Further, by setting an appropriate pressure value of 150 kPa or less as the threshold value (Ps), it is possible to detect an abnormality in the vehicle body tilting device before the differential pressure valve operates. However, the threshold value (Ps) needs to be set to a value that does not make an erroneous determination due to, for example, shaking when the vehicle travels along a relaxation curve or a track twisting section.

一方の車体傾斜装置の異常によって前後の台車１２，１３が逆傾斜したときに、前記空気バネ１４の圧力（Ｐ１）の値が−４０ｋＰａ、前記空気バネ１５の圧力（Ｐ２）の値が＋４０ｋＰａ、前記空気バネ１６の圧力（Ｐ３）の値が＋４０ｋＰａ、前記空気バネ１７の圧力（Ｈ４）の値が−４０ｋＰａになったとすると、前記式（２）の値は、
｜（（−４０）−（＋４０））−（（＋４０）−（−４０））｜
＝｜−８０−８０｜＝１６０＞Ｐｓ
となり、計算結果が閾値（Ｐｓ）を超えているので、車体傾斜装置に異常が発生したことを検知することができる。このとき、左右の空気バネの差圧は８０ｋＰａであるから、差圧弁は作動しない。 When the front and rear carts 12, 13 are reversely inclined due to an abnormality in one of the vehicle body tilting devices, the value of the pressure (P1) of the air spring 14 is -40 kPa, the value of the pressure (P2) of the air spring 15 is +40 kPa, When the value of the pressure (P3) of the air spring 16 is +40 kPa and the value of the pressure (H4) of the air spring 17 is −40 kPa, the value of the equation (2) is
| ((− 40) − (+ 40)) − ((+ 40) − (− 40)) |
= | -80-80 | = 160> Ps
Since the calculation result exceeds the threshold value (Ps), it is possible to detect that an abnormality has occurred in the vehicle body tilting device. At this time, since the differential pressure between the left and right air springs is 80 kPa, the differential pressure valve does not operate.

この圧力に基づいた式（２）においても、下記式（５）のように書き換えることができ、車体に対して一方の対角位置の一組の空気バネの圧力の和と、他方の対角位置の一組の空気バネの圧力の和とを比較し、両者の差の絶対値が前記閾値（Ｐｓ）を超えたときに車体傾斜装置の異常と判定すると言い換えることができる。   The formula (2) based on this pressure can also be rewritten as the following formula (5), and the sum of the pressures of a pair of air springs in one diagonal position with respect to the vehicle body and the other diagonal In other words, the sum of the pressures of a pair of air springs in a position is compared, and when the absolute value of the difference between the two exceeds the threshold value (Ps), it is determined that the vehicle body tilting device is abnormal.

｜（Ｐ１＋Ｐ４）−（Ｐ２＋Ｐ３）｜＞Ｐｓ・・・（５） | (P1 + P4) − (P2 + P3) |> Ps (5)

さらに、下記式（６）のように書き換えることもでき、車体に対して一側方の一組の空気バネの圧力の和と、他側方の一組の空気バネの圧力の和とを比較し、両者の差の絶対値が前記閾値（Ｐｓ）を超えたときに車体傾斜装置の異常と判定すると言い換えることができる。   Furthermore, it can be rewritten as the following formula (6), and the sum of the pressures of a pair of air springs on one side with respect to the vehicle body is compared with the sum of the pressures of a pair of air springs on the other side. In other words, when the absolute value of the difference between the two exceeds the threshold (Ps), it is determined that the vehicle body tilting device is abnormal.

｜（Ｐ１−Ｐ３）−（Ｐ２−Ｐ４）｜＞Ｐｓ・・・（６） | (P1-P3)-(P2-P4) |> Ps (6)

なお、前述の空気バネの高さに基づいた異常検出と、空気バネの内部圧力に基づいた異常検出とを組み合わせて採用してもよく、両者を組み合わせることによって、より確実に車体傾斜装置の異常を検出することができる。また、異常検出時の対応としては、運転士に異常発生を通報したり、自動的に差圧弁を開いたり、自動的に減速したりするなどの適宜な対応策を採用することができる。   The above-described abnormality detection based on the height of the air spring and abnormality detection based on the internal pressure of the air spring may be used in combination. Can be detected. In addition, as a countermeasure when an abnormality is detected, an appropriate countermeasure such as reporting an abnormality to the driver, automatically opening a differential pressure valve, or automatically decelerating can be employed.

車体に対する空気バネの配置状態を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the arrangement | positioning state of the air spring with respect to a vehicle body. 空気バネの高さを検出する手段の一例を示す概略正面図である。It is a schematic front view which shows an example of the means to detect the height of an air spring. 空気バネの高さを検出する手段の一例を示す概略正面図である。It is a schematic front view which shows an example of the means to detect the height of an air spring. 空気バネの高さを検出する手段の他の例を示す概略正面図である。It is a schematic front view which shows the other example of the means to detect the height of an air spring. 空気バネの圧力を検出する手段の一例を示す概略正面図である。It is a schematic front view which shows an example of the means to detect the pressure of an air spring.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１１…車体、１２，１３…台車、１４，１５，１６，１７…空気バネ、１８…テコ式高さ検出器、１９…レーザ式高さ検出器、２０…圧力センサ   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Vehicle body, 12, 13 ... Cart, 14, 15, 16, 17 ... Air spring, 18 ... Lever type height detector, 19 ... Laser type height detector, 20 ... Pressure sensor

Claims (2)

鉄道車両の車体前後部に一対の台車をそれぞれ配置し、各台車の両側部分にそれぞれ設けた一対の空気バネによって車体を支持し、各空気バネの空気量を調整することによって車体を傾斜させる車体傾斜装置の異常検出方法であって、一方の台車の一側方の空気バネの高さ（Ｈ１）と、該一方の台車の他側方の空気バネの高さ（Ｈ２）と、他方の台車の一側方の空気バネの高さ（Ｈ３）と、該他方の台車の他側方の空気バネの高さ（Ｈ４）とを検出し、下記式（１）にて算出した値が、あらかじめ設定された閾値（Ｈｓ）を超えたときに車体傾斜装置の異常と判定することを特徴とする車体傾斜装置の異常検出方法。
｜（Ｈ１−Ｈ２）−（Ｈ３−Ｈ４）｜＞Ｈｓ・・・（１） A vehicle body in which a pair of trolleys are arranged at the front and rear parts of a railway vehicle, the vehicle body is supported by a pair of air springs provided on both sides of each trolley, and the air amount of each air spring is adjusted to tilt the vehicle body A method of detecting an abnormality of a tilting apparatus, wherein the height (H1) of an air spring on one side of one carriage, the height (H2) of an air spring on the other side of the one carriage, and the other carriage The height of the air spring on one side (H3) and the height of the air spring on the other side of the other carriage (H4) are detected, and the value calculated by the following equation (1) is An abnormality detection method for a vehicle body tilting device, characterized by determining that the vehicle body tilting device is abnormal when a set threshold value (Hs) is exceeded.
| (H1-H2)-(H3-H4) |> Hs (1) 鉄道車両の車体前後部に一対の台車をそれぞれ配置し、各台車の両側部分にそれぞれ設けた一対の空気バネによって車体を支持し、各空気バネの空気量を調整することによって車体を傾斜させる車体傾斜装置の異常検出方法であって、一方の台車の一側方の空気バネの圧力（Ｐ１）と、該一方の台車の他側方の空気バネの圧力（Ｐ２）と、他方の台車の一側方の空気バネの圧力（Ｐ３）と、該他方の台車の他側方の空気バネの圧力（Ｐ４）とを検出し、下記式（２）にて算出した値が、あらかじめ設定された閾値（Ｐｓ）を超えたときに車体傾斜装置の異常と判定することを特徴とする車体傾斜装置の異常検出方法。
｜（Ｐ１−Ｐ２）−（Ｐ３−Ｐ４）｜＞Ｐｓ・・・（２） A vehicle body in which a pair of trolleys are arranged at the front and rear parts of a railway vehicle, the vehicle body is supported by a pair of air springs provided on both sides of each trolley, and the air amount of each air spring is adjusted to tilt the vehicle body A method of detecting an abnormality of a tilting device, wherein the pressure (P1) of an air spring on one side of one carriage, the pressure (P2) of an air spring on the other side of the one carriage, and one of the other carriages The pressure calculated by the following equation (2) is detected by detecting the pressure (P3) of the side air spring and the pressure (P4) of the other side air spring of the other carriage. An abnormality detection method for a vehicle body tilting device, characterized by determining that the vehicle body tilting device is abnormal when (Ps) is exceeded.
| (P1-P2)-(P3-P4) |> Ps (2)
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