JP2007107873A - Cogeneration system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To plan the operation of a device to sufficiently exert merits such as an energy-saving property and economic efficiency, in a cogeneration system equipped with an operation planning means for planning an operation in a future planning period of a heat and electricity parallel supply device. <P>SOLUTION: Heat generated by each of a plurality of heat and electricity parallel supply devices provided respectively corresponding to a plurality of heat demand parts D1, D2, D3 and D4 is supplied to the heat demand part corresponding to the device, and power generated by the plurality of devices is supplied to a power demand part. An operation planning means calculates an evaluation value P for evaluating the operation of the device from a heat amount demanded by the heat demand part and the output in operation of the device in a selected time zone selected from the planning period for each of the plurality of devices, determines the operation output of the plurality of devices based on the evaluation value P, and updates a total power amount demanded and a heat amount demanded by reflecting the power generation and the heating value of the plurality of devices in operating them by the determined operation output. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a cogeneration system including an operation planning means for planning an operation in a future planning period of a cogeneration device that generates heat and electric power.

In such a cogeneration system, a combined heat and power supply device such as an engine-driven generator or a fuel cell is provided, and the power generated by the combined heat and power supply device is supplied to the power demand section of an electrical device or the like, and the heat generated by the combined heat and power supply device is supplied For example, as a hot water heated by the heat, temporarily stored in a hot water storage tank and supplied to a hot water supply section as a heat demand section, or as a heat medium heated by the heat in a heat exchanger, heat demand to dissipate the heat medium It is comprised so that it may supply to the heating part as a part.
And by providing such a combined heat and power supply device to each consumer, etc., at least a part of the power consumed in the consumer can be supplemented with the power generated by the combined heat and power supply device. The received power can be reduced. Furthermore, since the heat generated during the power generation can be used for hot water supply or heating in the consumer, it is effective in terms of energy saving and economy.
When the cogeneration device is installed in a general household, the cogeneration device is connected to the commercial power system, and the shortage of power is covered by the received power from the commercial power system.

For example, a cogeneration apparatus is not operated continuously throughout the day, but is operated in a part of the time when energy saving is realized by operation of the cogeneration apparatus during the day. A generation system is known (see Patent Document 1).
In this cogeneration system, the past time demand data in the heat demand section and the past power demand amount in the power demand section by the operation planning means that functions when the control device comprising a computer executes predetermined software. Based on the time-series data, the power demand amount and the heat demand amount in each time zone in a predetermined period etc. from the present time to 24 hours later are predicted, and based on the power demand amount and the heat demand amount, The energy saving degree which shows the energy saving property by operation | movement of the combined heat and power supply apparatus in each time slot | zone is calculated. And from the energy saving degree of each time zone in the next day calculated in this way, the time zone in which energy saving is realized by operating the thermoelectric power supply device on the next day is selected, and the heat and power supply device is selected in the selected time zone. Is configured to operate automatically.

In addition, in an energy supply apparatus such as a combined heat and power supply apparatus, an evaluation value for evaluating the operation of the apparatus is an energy load reduction evaluation indicating the degree of energy load reduction due to the operation of the apparatus, such as the energy saving degree. There is an environmental load reduction evaluation value indicating a value and a degree of environmental load reduction by operation of the device.
The energy load reduction evaluation value includes, in addition to the energy saving degree, an energy fee reduction amount indicating a reduction amount of energy fee paid by the customer by the operation of the combined heat and power supply device.
On the other hand, the above environmental load reduction evaluation values include various evaluation data used for life cycle assessment (LCA: JIS Q 14040) that analyzes the effects of potential environmental loads through the manufacture, use (operation), and disposal of cogeneration devices. Or a reduction amount of emissions such as CO 2, NO x, SO x, and hydrocarbons simply by operating the combined heat and power supply device (see, for example, Patent Documents 2 and 3).

JP 2004-264011 A International Publication Number WO2003 / 074427 JP-A-6-86463

  In such a cogeneration system, the heat consumption and electric power consumption in the customer where the combined heat and power supply device is installed are appropriate for the heat generation and power generation amount of the combined heat and power supply device. In the time zone when it is judged that the evaluation value for evaluating the operation of the combined heat and power device such as energy saving is realized, the combined heat and power device is operated. When the heat consumption and power consumption in each consumer are different from each other in the time period in which they occur, or the ratio of each consumption deviates from the ratio of each generation of heat and power combined equipment For this reason, there is a problem that it is impossible to exhibit merits such as energy saving and economical efficiency by installing the combined heat and power supply device.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and the object thereof is a cogeneration system including an operation planning means for planning an operation in a future planning period of the combined heat and power generation apparatus. Effective use of heat and power to improve evaluation values such as energy conservation for evaluating the operation of the combined heat and power unit, while improving the efficiency of the combined heat and power unit and saving by installing the combined heat and power unit The present invention is to provide a technique capable of planning the operation of the combined heat and power supply apparatus so as to sufficiently exhibit merits such as energy and economy.

In order to achieve the above object, a cogeneration system according to the present invention is a cogeneration system including an operation planning means for planning an operation in a future planning period of a combined heat and power generation device that generates heat and electric power. The first characteristic configuration includes a plurality of the combined heat and power supply devices corresponding to each of the plurality of heat demand units,
Supplying heat generated by each of the plurality of cogeneration devices to the heat demand unit corresponding to the cogeneration device and supplying power generated by the plurality of cogeneration devices to the power demand unit Configured,
The operation planning means is
A time zone selection unit for sequentially selecting a predetermined selection time zone from a plurality of time zones in the planning period;
For each of the plurality of cogeneration devices, the amount of heat demand for each time period in a predetermined period including the planned period of the heat demand section corresponding to the cogeneration device, and the output of the cogeneration device in the selected time period And an evaluation value calculation unit for calculating an evaluation value for evaluating the operation of the cogeneration device in the selected time zone,
Based on the evaluation value in the selected time zone for each of the plurality of cogeneration devices, an operation output determining unit that determines an operation output in the selected time zone of the plurality of cogeneration devices;
Reflecting the power generation amount and the heat generation amount of the plurality of cogeneration devices when operating with the operation output determined by the operation output determination unit, the total power demand amount in the selected time zone of the power demand unit The demand amount updating unit updates the total power demand amount for each time period in the planning period and the heat demand amount for each time period in the predetermined period.

  According to the first characteristic configuration described above, when a plurality of cogeneration devices are provided in response to a plurality of heat demands in a plurality of customers in an apartment house or a region, each of the plurality of cogeneration devices is generated. The heat that has been generated can be supplied to the heat demanding section corresponding to the combined heat and power supply apparatus, for example, to be supplied to the heat demanding section of the consumer where the combined heat and power supply apparatus that generated the heat is installed. On the other hand, for the power generated by a plurality of cogeneration devices, for example, it is supplied to the power demand department of the customer where the cogeneration device that generated the power is installed, It can be supplied to at least one power demand section such that it is supplied to another customer's power demand section in the form of supply using wiring.

  Further, in the case where a plurality of cogeneration devices are installed corresponding to each of the plurality of heat demand units in the above-described form, the operation planning means selects the above-described selection time from a plurality of time zones in a future planning period. While sequentially setting the bands, the evaluation value calculation unit and the operation output determination unit are operated to determine the operation outputs of the plurality of cogeneration devices in the selected time period. For each of a plurality of time zones such as every hour, the operation output for each of the plurality of cogeneration devices can be determined.

Further, by the evaluation value calculation unit, for each of the plurality of combined heat and power devices in each selected time zone, the amount of heat demand for each predetermined time period including the planned period predicted in advance and the selected time for the combined heat and power device An evaluation value for evaluating the operation of the combined heat and power supply device is calculated from the heat generation amount and the power generation amount in the belt. Therefore, the evaluation value can be obtained as a value for evaluating the operation of the combined heat and power device in the selected time zone.
Then, when the operation planning means determines the operation output of the plurality of cogeneration devices in the selected time zone, the operation output determination unit performs the evaluation on each of the plurality of cogeneration devices in the selection time zone. Based on the value, the operation outputs of the plurality of cogeneration devices are determined. Therefore, by determining the operation output in the form of increasing the operation output of the combined heat and power device with excellent evaluation value, the improvement of the total evaluation value of the plurality of combined heat and power devices is realized in the selected time zone, and the selection is made. It is possible to improve the energy efficiency of the combined heat and power supply device by operating the combined heat and power supply device in the time zone at a nearly rated operation with as high output as possible.
Furthermore, when the next selection time zone is selected by the time zone selection unit, the demand amount update unit calculates the heat demand for each time zone during the predetermined period and the total power demand for each time zone during the planning period. Because it is updated to reflect the power generation amount and heat generation amount calculated using the operation output of the multiple cogeneration devices determined in the previous selection time zone, using the updated total power demand amount In addition to being able to select an appropriate time zone, in the next selected time zone, the evaluation value calculation unit can accurately calculate an evaluation value using the updated heat demand, and the operation output determination unit Therefore, using the accurate evaluation value, it is possible to determine the total evaluation value of the plurality of cogeneration devices and the operation output of the plurality of cogeneration devices that can more surely improve the energy efficiency.

  Therefore, according to the present invention, by planning the operation of each of the plurality of cogeneration devices, the heat and power generated by each of the plurality of cogeneration devices, the degree of energy saving for evaluating the operation of the cogeneration device, etc. It can be used effectively so that the evaluation value can be improved, and the combined heat and power unit whose operation output is determined can be operated with high efficiency. The improvement can be fully exhibited.

  The second characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention is characterized in that the evaluation value is an energy load reduction evaluation value indicating a degree of energy load reduction by the operation of the cogeneration device, and an environmental load reduction by the operation of the cogeneration device. It is at least one of the environmental load reduction evaluation values indicating the degree.

  According to the second feature configuration, the operation planning means using at least one of the energy load reduction evaluation value and the environmental load reduction evaluation value as an evaluation value for evaluating the operation of the combined heat and power supply device. By planning the operation of each of the plurality of cogeneration devices, the heat and power generated by each of the plurality of cogeneration devices can be used effectively so that at least one reduction in energy and environmental load can be sufficiently realized. However, the efficiency of the combined heat and power supply device can be improved, and the merits such as energy saving and economy due to the installation of the combined heat and power supply device can be fully exhibited.

  A third characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention is configured such that the time zone selection unit selects the selected time zone except for a time zone in which the total power demand is equal to or less than a predetermined value. It is in the point.

  According to the third feature configuration, since the total power demand is always greater than a predetermined value in the selected time zone selected by the time zone selecting unit, the operation output determining unit causes the combined heat and power supply in the selected time zone. Even when the operation output of the apparatus is increased, it is possible to suppress the generation of surplus power, and to prevent a reduction in energy saving due to the generation of the surplus power.

  A fourth characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention is that the time zone selection unit is configured to select a time zone in which the total power demand is maximum as the selection time zone.

  According to the fourth feature configuration described above, the time zone selecting unit selects a time zone in which the total power demand is maximized from a plurality of time zones in a future planned period as a selected time zone, so that the total power demand In the selected time zone in which the amount is maximum, the operation output of the plurality of cogeneration devices can be increased as much as possible without being affected by the operation of the cogeneration device in other time zones. Therefore, the total power generation amount of the plurality of cogeneration devices can be increased as much as possible, and the peak value of the total power reception amount from the commercial power system can be reliably reduced.

  According to a fifth characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, the operation output determination unit determines an operation output of one of the plurality of cogeneration devices to be operated in the selected time zone. It is in the point which is comprised.

  According to the fifth feature configuration, when the operation output determining unit determines the operation outputs of the plurality of cogeneration devices in the selected time zone, the operation output of the one cogeneration device operated in the selected time zone is determined. Therefore, the operation output can be determined so that as few as possible cogeneration devices are operated at a relatively high operation output capable of improving energy efficiency.

  A sixth characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention includes a hot water storage tank for storing hot water heated by generated heat in each of the plurality of cogeneration devices, and the hot water storage section stores the hot water as the heat demand section. It is in the point provided with the hot water supply part which consumes the hot water.

  According to the sixth feature, in each of the plurality of cogeneration devices, the hot water storage tank is provided, and the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank is supplied to the hot water supply section. It can be handled as a part. That is, the amount of heat required to heat the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank and consumed in the hot water supply portion is obtained by, for example, the temperature and flow rate of hot water consumed in the hot water supply portion, and the heat amount is determined by the heat demand in the heat demand portion. Can be used as a quantity.

  The seventh characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention is that, in the demand update unit, when the total power demand and the heat demand are updated, the amount of hot water stored in the hot water storage tank corresponding to the combined heat and power supply device. Is also configured to be updated.

  According to the seventh characteristic configuration, when the hot water storage tank and the hot water supply section are provided, the demand amount update section limits the heat capacity of the hot water storage tank if the hot water storage heat amount of the hot water storage tank is also updated. Since it can be taken into consideration, it is possible to avoid wasteful heat generation that occurs, and to prevent a reduction in energy saving and the like.

The eighth characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention includes a heat exchanger that heats the heat medium with the generated heat, in each of the plurality of cogeneration devices,
As the heat demand part, a heat radiating part for radiating heat from the heat medium heated by the heat exchanger is provided.

  According to the eighth characteristic configuration, in each of the plurality of cogeneration devices, the heat exchanger is provided, and the heat medium heated by the heat exchanger is supplied to a heat radiating unit such as a heating device to dissipate heat. The heat radiation part can be handled as the heat demand part described above. That is, the amount of heat necessary for heating the heat medium in the heat exchanger can be obtained by, for example, the temperature drop width and flow rate in the heat radiating section of the heat medium, and the amount of heat can be used as the heat demand in the heat demand section.

The ninth characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention includes a demand amount recording unit that records the actual actual demand amount and the actual actual demand amount in time series of the heat demand unit and the power demand unit,
The operation planning means includes a demand amount prediction unit that predicts the heat demand amount and the power demand amount based on the actual heat demand amount and the actual power demand amount.

  According to the ninth characteristic configuration, the demand amount prediction unit of the operation planning unit automatically uses the past actual heat demand amount and the actual electric power demand amount that are sequentially recorded in the demand amount recording unit, and thereby the heat demand amount. And power demand can be predicted.

The tenth characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention is configured such that the operation planning means determines the prediction accuracy of the heat demand from the difference between the actual heat demand and the heat demand.
The operation output determination unit is configured to prioritize the combined heat and power supply device corresponding to the heat demand unit determined to have high prediction accuracy and to determine the operation output in the selected time zone. is there.

  According to the tenth feature configuration, the demand prediction unit determines the prediction accuracy of the heat demand, and the operation output determination unit determines that the determined prediction accuracy is high in the subsequent selection time zone. By determining the operation output by giving priority to the combined heat and power supply device corresponding to the heat demand section, it is possible to improve the evaluation value such as the degree of energy saving in the heat demand section with high prediction accuracy as roughly planned.

  In an eleventh characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, the operation output determination unit determines the operation output of the cogeneration device having the evaluation value less than a predetermined evaluation lower limit value as a minimum output including operation stop. It is in the point comprised as follows.

According to the eleventh characteristic configuration, the operation output determination unit of the operation plan means has an evaluation value that is less than the evaluation lower limit value set in advance as an extent that the evaluation value cannot be expected to improve due to, for example, operation of the combined heat and power supply device. For the combined heat and power device, for example, by determining the operation output of the combined heat and power device to the minimum output including the shutdown, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the evaluation value due to the operation of the combined heat and power device with such a low evaluation value. it can.
In addition, as the evaluation value, the energy saving degree exemplified in the description of the second characteristic configuration, the energy charge reduction amount, various evaluation data used for the life cycle assessment, CO2, NOx, SOx, emissions of hydrocarbons, etc. When the operation output is determined using multiple types of evaluation values among the reduction amount, etc., for the combined heat and power unit where any of the multiple types of evaluation values is less than the evaluation lower limit value, the operation output If the minimum output including the stoppage of operation is determined, it is possible to suppress the overall deterioration of the plurality of types of evaluation values.

  In a twelfth characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, the operation output determination unit determines the operation output other than the minimum output including the operation stop in a time zone before and after the selected time zone. The apparatus is prioritized so that the operation output is determined other than the minimum output in the selected time zone.

  According to the twelfth feature configuration, the operation output determination unit of the operation planning means operates the combined heat and power supply apparatus in which the operation output is determined other than the minimum output in the time zone before and after the planning period in the selected time zone. Determine the output other than the minimum output. Therefore, the combined heat and power unit will be operated at an operation output other than the lowest output as much as possible in a plurality of continuous time zones, and energy efficiency resulting from frequent start / stop of the combined heat and power unit and output switching. In addition, it is possible to prevent a decrease in durability.

A thirteenth characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention is that the plurality of cogeneration devices are connected to the positive phase of the single-phase three-wire wiring and the reverse of the single-phase three-wire wiring. A reverse phase connection device connected to the phase,
The operation output determination unit prioritizes the combined heat and power supply device such that the unbalance amount corresponding to the difference between the total power generation amount of the positive phase connection device and the total power generation amount of the reverse phase connection device is equal to or less than an allowable value. Thus, the operation output in the selected time zone is determined.

  According to the thirteenth feature configuration, the operation output determination unit of the operation planning means calculates the unbalance amount according to the difference between the total power generation amount of the positive phase connection device and the total power generation amount of the negative phase connection device. The operation output in the selected time zone is determined by giving priority to a combined heat and power supply device whose unbalance amount is equal to or less than the allowable value. Therefore, since the unbalance amount is always limited to the allowable value or less, it is possible to suppress a current from flowing through the neutral line of the single-phase three-wire power system and useless current that is lost due to the resistance of the neutral line. Loss can be suppressed.

  In a fourteenth characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, the operation output determination unit temporarily determines an operation output of one of the plurality of cogeneration devices operated in the selected time zone. In addition, if the connection point voltage when the one combined heat and power unit is operated with the temporarily determined operation output exceeds the allowable value, the minimum output including the operation stop of the one combined heat and power unit The point is that it is configured to be determined.

  According to the fourteenth feature configuration, the connection point voltage when the operation output determination unit of the operation planning unit operates the one thermoelectric power supply device with the operation output temporarily determined in the selected time zone has an allowable value. In the case of exceeding, by determining the operation output of the one combined heat and power supply device to the above-mentioned minimum output, it is possible to suppress an excessive increase in the interconnection point voltage.

  According to a fifteenth characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, when each of the plurality of cogeneration devices is in a state where communication with the operation planning unit is impossible, the cogeneration system is configured so that no reverse power flow occurs. The point is that it is configured to be operated individually.

  According to the fifteenth characteristic configuration, even when the combined heat and power supply apparatus cannot communicate with the operation planning unit and cannot receive information on the operation plan planned by the operation planning unit. In addition, prohibiting the reverse power flow, the heat and power supply apparatus is individually operated according to the power demand amount of the power demand section or the heat demand amount of the heat demand section in a consumer in which the heat and power supply apparatus is installed, for example. Can do. Therefore, since it is possible to continue the operation of the combined heat and power unit that cannot communicate with the operation planning means by the individual operation, the energy saving and the economical efficiency are reduced due to the shutdown of the combined heat and power unit. Can be suppressed.

  According to a sixteenth characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, the operation planning unit excludes, from among the plurality of cogeneration devices, an incommunicable device that cannot communicate with the operation planning unit. In the above configuration, it is configured to subtract an amount corresponding to the power demand covered by the incommunicable device from the total power demand.

  According to the sixteenth feature configuration, on the operation plan means side, information related to the planned operation plan can be transmitted to the communication impossible device which is in a state where communication with the operation plan means is impossible. Because it is not possible, the device that cannot communicate cannot be planned. Furthermore, since it is possible that the incommunicable device may be individually operated, while the incommunicable device is excluded from the target of planning, the equivalent amount of power demand covered by the incommunicable device is obtained. Based on the subtracted total power demand, it is possible to plan the operation of the combined heat and power supply device other than the communication impossible device, thereby improving the energy saving and the economical efficiency.

According to a seventeenth characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, the power demand section is a power demand section provided in each of a plurality of consumers,
The cogeneration apparatus is provided in at least a part of the plurality of consumers.

According to the seventeenth characteristic configuration, in addition to the power demand amount of the power demand section of the so-called power generation consumer in which the cogeneration device is installed, the so-called non-power generation consumer in which the thermoelectric cogeneration device is not set has Since the power demand of the power demand department can also be integrated as the total power demand, the total power demand covered by the power generation amount of the combined heat and power unit is compared with the heat demand amount covered by the heat generation amount of the combined heat and power unit. Can be relatively large.
Therefore, for example, in winter, the operation output of the combined heat and power unit installed in a consumer whose power demand is small compared to the heat demand is actively increased, and surplus power is supplied to other power demand departments. However, it is possible to obtain a calorific value sufficient to cover the heat demand, and to improve the energy efficiency of the combined heat and power supply device.
Furthermore, since it is possible to obtain the total power demand from the amount of power flowing between all consumers and the commercial power system and the total power generation amount of the total heat and power supply device, in the power demand section of the non-power generation consumer There is no need to install a communication means for communicating with a meter for measuring the amount of power demand or an operation planning means.

  An embodiment of a cogeneration system according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the cogeneration system includes a cogeneration apparatus 1 that generates electric power and heat, a computer configured to plan an operation of the cogeneration apparatus 1 in a future planning period, and the like. The operation plan means 50 is provided.

Moreover, in this cogeneration system, the cogeneration apparatus 1 is installed in each of a plurality of consumers D (D1, D2, D3, D4). In other words, a plurality of cogeneration devices 1 are provided corresponding to the plurality of heat demand units 7 in the plurality of consumers D. And the heat which each of the some cogeneration apparatus 1 generate | occur | produced is the heat demand part 7 corresponding to the cogeneration apparatus 1 which generate | occur | produced the heat, ie, the heat in the consumer D in which the cogeneration apparatus 1 was installed. Supplied to the demand section 7.
Here, the plurality of consumers D may be a plurality of residences in a building such as one or a plurality of apartment houses, a plurality of residences in one or a plurality of areas, and the like.
In addition, the consumer D1, D2, D3, D4 in which the cogeneration apparatus 1 is installed in this way may be called a power generation consumer.

  On the other hand, the electric power generated by the plurality of cogeneration devices 1 can be basically supplied to the electric power demand unit 13 in the customer D where the cogeneration device 1 that generated the electric power is installed. The electric power is supplied to the electric power demanding unit 13 in the customer D different from the customer D in which the cogeneration apparatus 1 is installed by using the wiring 10 between the customers laid between the plurality of customers D. It is supplied to each power demand unit 13 in a form that can be supplied, that is, in a form that allows power interchange.

  Each of the plurality of cogeneration devices 1 is provided with an operation control unit 40 including a computer or the like configured to individually control the operation of the cogeneration device 1, and the operation control unit 40 further includes the above-described operation control unit 40. Communication with the operation plan means 50 is possible via the communication line 45.

In addition, an electric energy measuring unit P <b> 1 that measures the electric energy flowing between the commercial electric power system 9 and the inter-customer wiring 10 is provided between the commercial electric power system 9 and the inter-customer wiring 10.
This electric energy measurement part P1 is the total electric power generation amount which is the sum total of the electric power generation amount of all the combined heat and power supply apparatuses 1, and exceeds the total electric power demand amount of all the electric power demand parts 13, and it is commercial electric power from the wiring 10 between consumers. It is possible to detect reverse power flow to the grid 9, that is, whether surplus power is generated.

  Next, the schematic configuration of the combined heat and power supply device 1 in each customer D and the connection state of the combined heat and power supply device 1 with the heat demand unit 7 and the power demand unit 13 will be described. In FIG. 1, the states in the consumers D2, D3, and D4 are substantially the same as the states in the customer D1, and therefore the illustration and detailed description in FIG. 1 are omitted.

  The cogeneration device 1 operates a generator 2 such as an engine-driven generator or a fuel cell to generate electric power, and exhaust heat of the generator 2 is generated by cooling water circulating in the cooling water circulation path 15. It is configured to use heat in the form of recovery.

  Further, the heat generated by the combined heat and power supply device 1 is used for hot water supply to the hot water supply unit 6 such as a hot water tap or a bath as the heat demand unit 7 and for heating a room or a bathroom by dissipating the heat medium. The electric power consumed by the heating unit 5 (an example of the heat radiating unit) such as a heating device that is used while the electric power generated by the combined heat and power supply unit 1 is transferred to the power demanding unit 13 such as a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, and a lamp. Supplied.

  The cogeneration apparatus 1 is provided with an operation control unit 40 that controls the operation of the cogeneration apparatus 1 and a remote controller.

The power generation wiring 12 from which the power generated by the generator 2 is output is provided with an inverter 8 for linking the generator 2 to the commercial power system 9, and the inverter 8 uses the output power of the generator 2 for commercial use. It is configured to have the same voltage and the same frequency as the power supplied from the power system 9.
The commercial power system 9 is, for example, a single-phase three-wire system 100/200 V, and is electrically connected to the power demand unit 13 through the customer wiring 11 drawn into the customer D from the customer wiring 10. Has been.

  The inverter 8 is electrically connected to the customer wiring 11 via the power generation wiring 12, and is configured such that the power generated by the generator 2 is supplied to the power demand unit 13 via the inverter 8.

  Further, in the customer wiring 11 drawn into the customer D from the customer-to-user wiring 10, a power amount measuring unit P <b> 2 that measures the power demand amount in the power demand unit 13 is provided, and the measured power demand amount Is output to the operation planning means 50 side.

  The generator 2 is supplied with the fuel G, which is city gas, at a set flow rate through the fuel passage 21 so that the generator 2 is operated at a rated operation. In the rated operation, the power generation amount of the generator 2 is rated. The power generation amount (for example, 0.85 kW) is substantially constant.

  The cogeneration apparatus 1 includes a hot water storage tank 4 for storing hot water in a state in which temperature stratification is formed, and a cooling water circulation path through which the cooling water heated by collecting the exhaust heat of the generator 2 by the operation of the cooling water circulation pump 17 circulates. 15, a hot water circulation path 18 through which hot water circulates by operation of the hot water circulation pump 19, and exhaust heat heat exchange capable of heating the hot water circulating through the hot water circulation path 18 by heat exchange with the cooling water circulating through the cooling water circulation path 15. A take-out path 35 for taking out the relatively low temperature hot water in the lower part of the water heater 24 and the hot water tank 4 to the upstream side of the exhaust heat heat exchanger 24 in the hot water circulation path 18, and downstream of the exhaust heat heat exchanger 24 in the hot water circulation path 18. The hot water storage path 36 for taking in the hot water on the side of the hot water into the upper part of the hot water tank 4, the hot water supply path 20 for supplying the hot water in the upper part of the hot water tank 4 to the hot water supply section 6, Heating that dissipates heat The heat medium circulation path 22 that circulates the heat medium between the heat medium 5 and the heat medium that circulates in the heat medium circulation path 22 can be heated by heat exchange with the hot water circulating in the hot water circulation path 18. An auxiliary heater 27 capable of heating the hot water circulating through the hot water circulation path 18 by burning the fuel G supplied through the heater 26 and the fuel path 28 is provided.

  Further, the hot water storage tank 4 is provided with four tank thermistors Tt as hot water storage heat quantity detecting means for detecting the hot water storage heat quantity of the hot water storage tank 4 at intervals in the vertical direction. That is, when the tank thermistor Tt detects a temperature equal to or higher than the set temperature, it is assumed that a relatively high temperature hot water is stored at the installation position. Based on the position of the tank thermistor Tt, it is configured to detect the amount of stored hot water in four stages. When the detected temperature of all four tank thermistors Tt becomes equal to or higher than the set temperature, the stored amount of stored hot water in the hot water tank 4 is full. Is configured to be detected.

  The hot water storage passage 36 is provided with a hot water storage valve 37 composed of an electromagnetic proportional valve or the like. The hot water storage valve 37 controls the amount of hot water supplied to the hot water storage tank 4 from the hot water circulation passage 18 through the hot water storage passage 36. Adjustment and supply can be interrupted.

  A heating valve 39 made of an electromagnetic proportional valve or the like is provided between the connection portion of the hot water storage path 36 of the hot water circulation path 18 and the heat exchanger 26 for heat medium heating. The supply amount of hot water supplied to the medium heating heat exchanger 26 can be adjusted and the supply can be interrupted.

  The power demand of the cooling water circulation pump 17, the hot water circulation pump 19, the heat medium circulation pump 23, etc., which are auxiliary equipment provided in the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1, is the power consumed in the customer D corresponding to the power demand section 13. Are treated separately.

The hot water circulation path 18 is provided with an inlet thermistor Ti for detecting the temperature of hot water flowing into the auxiliary heater 27 and an outlet thermistor Te for detecting the temperature of hot water flowing out of the auxiliary heater 27.
The hot water supply passage 20 that supplies hot water extracted from the upper part of the hot water tank 4 to the hot water supply unit 6 is provided with hot water supply heat demand measuring means 31 that measures the hot water supply heat demand, which is the heat demand of the hot water supply unit 6. On the other hand, the heating medium circulation path 22 is provided with heating heat demand measuring means 32 for measuring the heating heat demand that is the heat demand of the heating unit 5.
The hot water supply heat demand measuring means 31 and the heating heat demand measuring means 32 are configured to detect the temperature and flow rate of hot water and the heat medium, and obtain the heat demand from the detection results. And the operation control part 40 is comprised so that each heat demand amount may be measured to unit time intervals, such as 1 hour, and the measured heat demand amount may be output to the operation planning means 50 side.

An electric heater 16 that recovers energy is generated in the middle of the power generation wiring 12 by generating heat by consuming the electric power generated by the combined heat and power supply device 1 and storing the hot water in the hot water storage tank 4 by the heat. Has been.
And in order to prevent the reverse power flow to the commercial power grid 9 of surplus power, it is comprised so that surplus power can be collected, for example by the electric heater 16 in the specific consumer D with large heat demand. .

The operation control unit 40 controls the operating states of the generator 2 and the cooling water circulation pump 17 and the operating states of the hot water circulation pump 19 and the heat medium circulation pump 23 when operating the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1. Thus, a hot water storage operation for storing hot water in the hot water storage tank 4, a heat medium heating operation for heating the heat medium circulating in the heating unit 5, and the like are performed.
The operation control unit 40 is configured to operate the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 based on the operation plan created by the operation planning means 50, as will be described in detail later.

  When the hot water supply unit 6 is opened, hot water is taken out from the upper part of the hot water storage tank 4, and hot water is supplied to the hot water supply unit 6 through the hot water supply path 20. When the hot water supply unit 6 is opened and no hot water is stored in the hot water storage tank 4, the hot water circulation pump 19 is operated, the hot water storage valve 37 is opened, and the auxiliary heater 27 is heated. Hot water heated by the auxiliary heater 27 is supplied to the hot water supply passage 20 and the hot water supply section 6 through the hot water storage passage 36.

  The operation planning means 50 includes a demand amount recording unit 51 including a known recording device, a demand amount prediction unit 52 that functions by executing a predetermined program by a computer, a time zone selection unit 53, an energy saving degree calculation unit 54, A hot water storage heat amount calculation unit 55, an operation output determination unit 56, a demand amount update unit 57, and the like are included.

  The demand amount recording unit 51 includes a hot water supply heat usage amount and a heating heat usage amount which are heat usage amounts in the heat demand unit 7 measured at unit time intervals by each consumer D, and a power usage amount in the power demand unit 13. Is received and recorded as actual hot water heat demand, actual heating heat demand, and actual power demand, which are time-series past actual heat demands of the heat demand section 7 and the power demand section 13. ing.

  Hereinafter, the operation plan method of the plurality of cogeneration apparatuses 1 by the operation plan unit 50 will be described together with detailed configurations of various processing units included in the operation plan unit 50.

The operation planning method is executed in a processing flow as shown in FIG.
That is, by the demand amount prediction unit 52, first, based on the actual hot water supply heat demand, the actual heating heat demand, and the actual power demand recorded as such, a unit time in a predetermined period in the future that is 24 hours longer than the planned period. For a plurality of time zones T, the hot water supply heat demand and the heating heat demand, which are the heat demand for each customer, and the total power demand of each power demand unit 13 in the plurality of consumers D. The total power demand is predicted (step # 1).
In the case where heat is stored in the hot water storage tank 4 in any time zone of the predetermined period, the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank 4 by the hot water storage heat amount calculation unit 55 (hereinafter referred to as “hot water storage heat amount”). .) Is calculated and the hot water supply demand and hot water storage amount are updated by subtracting the hot water storage heat amount from the hot water supply heat demand amount in consideration of the heat dissipation coefficient of the hot water storage tank 4 from the hot water supply heat demand amount described later. Shall be kept.

  Next, the time zone selection unit 53 extracts a time zone in which the total power demand is larger than the rated power generation amount of the cogeneration apparatus 1 as a candidate time zone (step # 2), and from among the candidate time zones, The time zone in which the total power demand is maximized is selected as the selection time zone (step # 3). In addition, by restricting the selected time period to a time period in which the total power demand is larger than the rated power generation amount of the combined heat and power device, the one combined heat and power device 1 that is in a stopped state among the plurality of combined heat and power devices 1 is rated. Even when the operation output is increased so as to be operated, it is possible to prevent surplus power from being generated because the total power generation amount exceeds the total power demand amount.

Subsequently, the energy saving degree calculation unit 54 and the hot water storage heat amount calculation part 55 calculate the energy saving degree and the hot water storage amount of each customer D when the combined heat and power supply device 1 of each customer D is operated in the selected time zone. (Step # 4).
The energy saving degree calculation unit 54 uses, as an evaluation value for evaluating the operation of the cogeneration apparatus 1, an energy saving degree P, which is an example of an energy load reduction evaluation value indicating the degree of energy load reduction due to the operation of the cogeneration apparatus. An evaluation value calculation unit for calculating is configured. That is, in step # 4, the energy saving degree calculation unit 54 calculates, for each of the plurality of cogeneration devices 1, the amount of heat demand for each time period in the predetermined period of the heat demand unit 7 corresponding to the cogeneration device 1. From the output of the calorific value and the amount of power generated when it is assumed that the combined heat and power unit 1 is rated at the selected time zone, the energy saving degree P indicating the energy saving due to the operation of the combined heat and power unit 1 is calculated. It is configured.

  The calculation method of the energy saving degree P will be described. The energy saving degree P is calculated as the primary energy required for rated operation of the combined heat and power supply device 1 in the selected time zone as shown in the following (Equation 1). With respect to the primary energy consumption Eon during operation, which is a consumption amount, the heat demand and the electric power demand that are covered by rated operation of the combined heat and power supply device 1 in the selected time zone can be obtained without operating the combined heat and power supply device 1. It is calculated | required as a ratio of the primary energy consumption amount Eoff at the time of a non-operation which is a primary energy consumption amount required when it covers with the heat | fever which the hot water heater (auxiliary heater 27) generate | occur | produces, and the electric power received from the commercial power grid | system 9.

[Equation 1]
Energy saving P = Primary energy consumption during off operation Eoff / Primary energy consumption during operation Eon × 100 (%) (Equation 1)

  The operating primary energy consumption Eon can be obtained as an energy conversion value of the fuel G supplied to the generator 2 in the selected time zone, and is 4800 kcal in this embodiment.

  The primary energy consumption amount Eoff at the time of non-operation is the primary energy consumption amount EK1 for covering the active power supply amount E1 with the received power from the commercial power system 9, as shown in the following (formula 2) to (formula 5). And the primary energy consumption EK2 for providing the effective heating heat supply amount E2 with the auxiliary heater 27 and the primary energy consumption EK3 for supplying the effective hot water supply amount E3 with the auxiliary heater 27. Can do.

[Equation 2]
Eoff = EK1 + EK2 + EK3 (Formula 2)
EK1 = E1 / unit power generation required energy (2350 kcal / kW) (Equation 3)
EK2 = E2 / Heating efficiency of auxiliary heater 27 (0.8) (Expression 4)
EK3 = E3 / Hot-water supply efficiency of auxiliary heater 27 (0.8) (Expression 5)

  Moreover, as shown in the following (Formula 6) to (Formula 8), the effective power supply amount E1 is obtained as a power generation amount in a selected time zone generated by the rated operation of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 and is used for effective heating heat supply. The amount E2 is the heating heat supply amount obtained by rated operation of the combined heat and power supply device 1, and the effective hot water supply amount E3 is the effective heating heat from the amount of heat generated in the selected time zone obtained by the rated operation of the combined heat and power supply device 1. It is obtained as a value obtained by subtracting the heat loss from the amount of heat that can be consumed for hot water supply as a value obtained by subtracting the supply amount E1, up to the time zone in which the amount of heat is consumed as the hot water supply heat demand. In addition, the time slot | zone consumed as hot water supply heat demand shall consider from the selection time slot | zone which the time slot | zone selection part selected to 24 hours or more.

[Equation 3]
E1 = Power supply amount obtained by rated operation of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 (Expression 6)
E2 = heating heat supply amount obtained by rated operation of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 (Expression 7)
E3 = (Heat generation amount of cogeneration apparatus 1−Effective heating heat supply amount E2) −Heat dissipation loss (Equation 8)

That is, the energy saving degree calculation unit 54 obtains the energy saving degree P from the heat demand amount in the selected time zone and the output during the rated operation of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1, and by such a method for calculating the energy saving degree P, FIG. As shown in Fig. 5, the energy saving degree P in a plurality of time zones T for each hour of the future planned period can be calculated for each customer D1, D2, D3, and D4.
Further, the hot water storage heat amount calculation unit 55 is based on the amount of hot water supply heat demand for each time period in the predetermined period and the time transition of the effective hot water supply heat supply amount E3 calculated by the energy saving degree calculation unit, for each time period in the predetermined period. Calculate the amount of stored hot water.

Next, based on the energy saving degree P and the hot water storage tank heat capacity restriction of each of the combined heat and power devices 1 calculated by the energy saving degree calculating part 54 and the hot water storage heat quantity calculating part 55, the operation output determining part 56 is connected to a plurality of combined heat and power supplies. The operation output of one combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 of the apparatus 1 is determined as the rated output during the rated operation (step # 5). In the time zone selection unit 53, when the time zone in which the total power demand is maximized is selected, the total power demand is limited to a time zone that is larger than the rated power generation amount of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1. The total power demand that is updated by the demand amount updating unit 57 (described later) even if the combined heat and power unit 1 is rated at operation by setting only one unit instead of a plurality of the combined heat and power unit 1 that determines the output as the rated output. The amount is not negative (reverse tide). Moreover, the hot water storage tank heat capacity restriction is a wasteful use that is not used effectively when the hot water storage heat amount for each time zone calculated by the hot water storage heat amount calculation unit 55 exceeds the hot water tank heat capacity in any time zone of the predetermined period. Because it is a heat dissipation, it shall not generate electricity.
In addition, in FIG. 3, the black triangle mark is attached | subjected to the time slot | zone of the consumer D in which the amount of stored hot water exceeded the hot water storage tank heat capacity in this way.

  Further, when determining the operation output, the operation output determination unit 56 has an energy saving degree P that is less than a predetermined evaluation lower limit value, for example, a limit on whether or not an improvement in energy saving performance can be expected due to the operation of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1. The cogeneration apparatus 1 that is less than 100% is configured not to be operated even when the energy saving degree P is superior to the other cogeneration apparatuses 1.

  Further, when the operation output determination unit 56 determines the operation output while sequentially changing the selection time zone by the time zone selection unit 53, the operation output determination unit 56 other than the minimum output including operation stop in the time zone T before and after the selection time zone. For the cogeneration apparatus 1 that is in operation, the operation output is determined so as to be operated at a time other than the minimum output including the operation stop in the selected time period in preference to the determination of the operation output based on the energy saving degree P. It is configured. In addition, in order to ensure the improvement of energy saving performance, it is operated at a time zone T before and after the selected time zone, except for the minimum output, from among the plurality of cogeneration devices 1 having the energy saving degree P of 100% or more. It is desirable to prioritize the combined heat and power supply device 1 to determine the operation output.

  And the demand amount update part 57 calculates | requires the electric power generation amount and the emitted-heat amount of the cogeneration apparatus 1 at the time of driving | operating with the operation output determined by the operation output determination part 56 (step # 6), and the active power calculated | required from the electric power generation amount Using the supply amount E1, the effective heating heat supply amount E2 and the effective hot water supply amount E3 obtained from the calorific value, the total power demand amount in the planning period and the heat demand amount (heating heat for each customer D in the predetermined period) (Demand amount and hot water supply heat demand amount) and hot water storage heat amount are updated (step # 7). The hot water storage heat amount decreases when the hot water supply heat demand amount is larger than the effective hot water supply heat supply amount E3, and increases when it is small.

  As described above, using the power generation amount and heat generation amount of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1, the total power demand amount and the heat demand amount of each customer D are gradually reduced, and selected from a plurality of time zones T in the future planning period. As shown in FIG. 3, by sequentially selecting the time zone in a predetermined plan order and determining the operation output by the operation output determination unit 56 from the calculation results of the energy saving degree calculation unit 54 and the hot water storage heat amount calculation unit 55, The operation outputs of the plurality of cogeneration devices 1 are determined in all time zones T in the future planned period (step # 8).

  And each operation control part 40 is high in the notified time zone T by notifying the operation control unit 40 of each heat / electric power supply device 1 of the time zone T in which the heat / electric power supply device 1 is rated. By performing the efficient rated operation, the energy saving and the economical improvement due to the installation of the plurality of cogeneration devices 1 are sufficiently exhibited.

In addition, each operation control part 40 of the some cogeneration apparatus 1 communicates via the communication line 45 between the operation plan means 50, and the said rating as information regarding the operation plan planned by the operation plan means 50. The operation time zone T is configured to be received, but if for some reason the communication becomes impossible, the operation control unit 40 causes the combined heat and power supply device 1 to have no reverse power flow. It can be configured to operate individually.
That is, when the operation control unit 40 cannot receive the rated operation time period T from the operation planning unit 50, the operation output of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 is not subjected to a reverse power flow with respect to the inter-customer wiring 10. That is, the power generation amount of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 is set arbitrarily so that the power generation amount of the consumer D is always lower than the power demand amount of the power demanding section 13 in the customer D, and the individual operation is continued, and the operation of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 is continued. be able to.
Further, in this individual operation, the operation output of the combined heat and power supply device 1 is configured to be appropriately controlled according to the power demand amount or the heat demand amount in the customer D within the range where there is no reverse power flow. It is also possible to improve the energy efficiency of the customer D.

On the other hand, in the operation planning method described above, the operation planning unit 50 excludes, from the plurality of heat and power cogeneration devices 1, communication impossible devices that are in a state where communication with the operation planning unit 50 is impossible, from the planning target. While the incommunicable device is excluded from the plan target, the combined heat and power supply device other than the incommunicable device is subtracted from the total power demand predicted in step # 1 by the amount corresponding to the power demand covered by the incommunicable device. It is possible to plan the operation of 1 to improve energy saving and economic efficiency.
Furthermore, the power demand equivalent amount covered by the incommunicable device indicates an amount corresponding to the power demand amount expected to be provided when the incommunicable device is operated. For example, the incommunicable device is installed. It can be obtained as the power demand amount of the power demand section 13 at the customer D or the rated power generation amount of the communication disabled device.

Incidentally, in the present embodiment, the power generated by each of the plurality of cogeneration devices 1 can be supplied to each power demand unit 13 in a form that allows for power interchange, thereby improving the operating rate of the plurality of cogeneration devices 1. For example, for four customers D1, D2, D3, and D4, as shown in FIG. 3, the total operation time of the cogeneration apparatus 1 was 56 hours.
On the other hand, the electric power generated by each of the plurality of cogeneration devices 1 is consumed only by the electric power demanding unit 13 of the customer D in which the cogeneration device 1 is installed, as in the past, without performing the above-mentioned power interchange. In this case, when the operation output is determined in the same manner as the above-described planning method, for example, the total operation time of the cogeneration apparatus 1 is 47 hours for four consumers D1, D2, D3, and D4. Therefore, according to the present invention, it has been confirmed that the operation time of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 having the energy saving degree P of 100% or more is increased by 16%, and the energy saving performance can be further improved.

  In addition, in a certain customer D, due to a sudden outing or the like, the actual hot water supply heat demand and heating heat demand during the actual operation period are less than the hot water supply heat demand and heating heat demand predicted at the time of planning. In the case where the amount is more than the fixed amount, in order to suppress the deterioration of energy saving due to excess heat, the operation planning unit 1 or the operation control unit 40 can be configured to stop the corresponding combined heat and power supply apparatus 1.

  Similarly, in the case of a plurality of consumers D, when the actual total power demand during the planning period is less than a predetermined amount with respect to the total power demand predicted at the time of planning, the energy saving performance due to the generation of surplus power In order to suppress the deterioration, the combined heat and power supply device 1 with the closest scheduled stop time can be stopped. In FIG. 3, the energy saving degree P in the time zone in which the cogeneration apparatus 1 is stopped to avoid the generation of surplus power in this way is “0” because the calculation is omitted. .

[Another embodiment]
(1) In the above-described embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of cogeneration devices 1 are connected to a single-phase three-wire inter-customer wiring 10 in a positive phase connection device 1a. And the reverse phase connection device 1b connected in reverse phase, the operation output determination unit 56 of the operation plan means 50 determines the total power generation amount of the normal phase connection device 1a and the reverse phase connection device 1b. It is also possible to preferentially determine the operation output in the selected time zone by giving priority to the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 in which the unbalanced amount corresponding to the difference from the total power generation amount is equal to or less than the allowable value.

  That is, when the operation output determination unit 56 determines the operation output of the combined heat and power supply device 1 to be the rated output at the time of rated operation, for example, the total power generation amount of the positive phase connection device 1a and the power generation of the negative phase connection device 1b As an unbalance amount corresponding to the difference from the total amount, an unbalance rate UR obtained by the following (Equation 9) is obtained.

[Equation 4]
Unbalance rate UR (%) = (Difference between the total power generation amount of the positive phase connection device 1a and the total power generation amount of the reverse phase connection device 1b) / 1/2 of the total power generation amount) × 100 (Expression) 9)

  Then, the operation output determination unit 56 gives priority to the combined heat and power supply device 1 in which the unbalance rate UR is less than or equal to an allowable value such as 40%, for example. By determining the output, the unbalance rate UR is always limited to an allowable value or less, and current is prevented from flowing through the neutral wire 10n of the inter-customer wiring 10, and the resistance of the neutral wire 10n is reduced. Wasteful current loss that becomes a loss is suppressed.

(2) In the above embodiment, the operation output determination unit 56 of the operation plan means 50 uses the operation output of one heat and power supply device 1 as the rated output during rated operation in step # 5 of the processing flow shown in FIG. And determining the connection point voltage (voltage of the customer wiring 10) when the one combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 is operated with the temporarily determined operation output, and the connection point voltage is a predetermined value. When it is predicted that the allowable value such as the upper limit value (for example, 101 + 6V, 202 + 20V) of the voltage management range is exceeded, the operation output of the one combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 is determined to be the minimum output including the operation stop. By configuring, it is possible to suppress an excessive increase in the interconnection point voltage.

(3) In the above embodiment, the evaluation value calculation unit for calculating the evaluation value for evaluating the operation of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 is used as the evaluation value, and the energy load indicating the degree of energy load reduction due to the operation of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 Although the energy saving degree calculation unit 54 that calculates the energy saving degree P that is an example of the reduction evaluation value is used, the evaluation value calculating unit may be configured to calculate an evaluation value other than the energy saving degree. Absent. For example, as such an evaluation value, an energy load reduction evaluation value other than the energy saving degree, such as an energy charge reduction amount indicating a reduction amount of an energy fee paid by a customer by operation of the combined heat and power device, Various evaluation data used in life cycle assessments that analyze the impact of potential environmental impacts through manufacturing, use (operation), disposal, and emissions of CO2, NOx, SOx, hydrocarbons, etc., simply due to operation of a combined heat and power unit Like the reduction amount, an environmental load reduction evaluation value indicating the degree of environmental load reduction by the operation of the combined heat and power supply apparatus can be used.

  In addition, as the evaluation value, among the above energy saving, energy charge reduction amount, various evaluation data used for life cycle assessment, reduction amount of emissions such as CO2, NOx, SOx, hydrocarbons, etc. When the operation output is determined using a plurality of types of evaluation values, the operation output is included in the operation output including the operation stop for the cogeneration device 1 in which any one of the plurality of types of evaluation values is less than the evaluation lower limit value. If it is configured to determine the lowest output, it is possible to suppress the overall deterioration of the plurality of types of evaluation values.

(4) In the above-described embodiment, the heat demand amount predicting unit 52 for predicting the heat demand amount, etc., as described below, after a certain period of time has passed, the heat demand amount for each of the plurality of heat demand units 7 The operation output determination unit 56 is configured to determine the operation output of the plurality of cogeneration devices 1 in consideration of the determined prediction accuracy in the subsequent selection time zone. You may comprise.

That is, such a demand amount predicting unit 52 stores the heat demand amount predicted for the time zone and the demand amount recording unit 51 when a certain time zone elapses for each of the plurality of heat demand units 7. The recorded actual heat demand in that time zone is acquired, and the prediction accuracy of the heat demand is determined from the difference in the accumulated value or average value of the absolute error between the actual heat demand and the heat demand.
Then, the operation output determining unit 56 determines that there are a plurality of the combined heat and power supply apparatuses 1 having the same evaluation value such as the energy saving degree P calculated using, for example, the heat demand in the subsequent selection time zone. The cogeneration device 1 corresponding to the heat demand unit 7 having a high prediction accuracy, that is, the cogeneration device 1 corresponding to the heat demand unit 7 capable of predicting the heat demand with high accuracy by the demand amount prediction unit 52 is given priority. Thus, by determining the operation output of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 as the rated output, it is possible to improve the evaluation value such as the degree of energy saving in the heat demand section 7 with high prediction accuracy as roughly planned.

(5) In the above embodiment, the operation planning unit 50 predicts the heat demand and the power demand based on the actual heat demand and the actual power demand by the demand amount recording unit 51 and the demand amount prediction unit 52. However, the operation planning means 50 does not make such a prediction by itself, but inputs the general heat demand and power demand of the customer D or makes a prediction using another system. You may comprise so that a heat demand and an electric power demand may be input.

(6) In the above embodiment, the operation output determination unit 56 is configured to determine the operation output as the minimum output for the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 with the energy saving degree P less than the evaluation lower limit value of 100%, for example. In addition, when the energy saving level is low and the vehicle can be operated, such a limitation on the energy saving level may be omitted.

(7) In the above embodiment, priority is given to the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 in which the operation output is determined other than the minimum output in the time zone before and after the selected time zone, and the operation output in the selected time zone is determined other than the minimum output. However, the determination of such a preferential operation output may be omitted.

(8) In the above embodiment, the hot water supply section 6 and the heating section 5 as a heat radiating section are provided as the heat demand section 7, but separately, only one heat demand section 7 may be provided. . In the above-described embodiment, the heating unit 5 such as a heating device is provided as a heat radiating unit for radiating the heat medium. Separately, another form of heat dissipation such as a heat exchanger for bathing or a desiccant air conditioner is provided. A portion may be provided.

(9) In the above embodiment, the operation mode of the cogeneration apparatus 1 in which the operation output in the selected time period is determined is a mode in which a rated operation is performed to maintain the power generation amount at a substantially constant rated power generation amount. The operation mode of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 is different from the rated operation mode, for example, the partial power operation in which the power generation amount is set lower than the rated power generation amount or the actual total power demand amount to follow the power generation amount. It does not matter even if it performs the electric main operation etc. to adjust. In this way, when the operation mode of the combined heat and power supply device 1 in the selected time zone is different from the rated operation, in the evaluation value calculation unit such as the energy saving degree calculation unit 54, the above combined heat and power generation device is used. Assuming that 1 is operated in that form, an evaluation value such as an energy saving degree can be calculated by obtaining a heat generation amount and a power generation amount in a selected time zone of the generator 2.

(10) In the above embodiment, all of the plurality of consumers D have been described as the power generation consumers D1, D2, D3, D4 in which the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1 is installed. Even if the consumer D includes a non-power generation consumer in which the cogeneration apparatus 1 is not installed in addition to the power generation consumer, the cogeneration system is installed. Can be implemented.
That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the power generated by the combined heat and power supply device 1 installed in the power generation consumer Da that is a part of the plurality of consumers D is supplied to the power demand section 13 of the power generation consumer Da. In addition to the above, it is assumed that the power supply unit 13 of the non-power generation consumer Db in which no cogeneration device is installed is also supplied. And the operation plan means 50 uses the total electric power demand which is the sum total of each electric power demand part 13 of those electric power generation consumers Da and non-electric power generation consumers Db, and the cogeneration apparatus 1 installed in the electric power generation consumer Da It is possible to plan operation in the future planning period.
Therefore, the total power demand is larger than the total power demand of only the power generation consumer Da by the addition of the power demand of the non-power generation consumer Db. The total power demand can be made relatively large as compared with the heat demand covered by the calorific value of the cogeneration apparatus 1. Therefore, for example, in winter, the operation output of the cogeneration apparatus 1 installed in the power generation consumer Da whose power demand is smaller than the heat demand is positively increased, and surplus power is transferred to another power demand section. 13, it is possible to obtain a heat generation amount sufficient to cover the heat demand, and to improve the energy efficiency of the combined heat and power supply apparatus 1.

Further, the operation planning means 50 determines the total power demand from the amount of power flowing from the commercial power system 9 to the inter-customer wiring 10 measured by the power amount measuring unit P1, and the power generation amount of all the combined heat and power supply devices 1. It can be obtained as the sum of the total power generation amount that is the sum of
Therefore, in the said non-electric power generation consumer Db, since the cogeneration apparatus 1 is not installed, the communication line 45 for performing communication regarding the power generation amount and the operation output of the cogeneration apparatus 1 with the operation plan means 50 and There is no need to install a communication device, and furthermore, a meter or the like for individually measuring the power demand of the power demand unit 13 can be omitted.
In addition, in the said non-power-generating consumer Db, the heat generated by the said heat source machine 60 can be supplied with respect to the heat demand part 7 by providing the heat source machines 60, such as a water heater.

  The cogeneration system according to the present invention having an operation planning means for planning the operation in the future planning period of the combined heat and power device effectively uses the heat and power generated by the combined heat and power device so that energy saving can be realized, Since the cogeneration device is operated with high efficiency, the merit of energy saving and economy due to the installation of the cogeneration device can be fully exhibited.

Diagram showing schematic configuration of cogeneration system Process flow diagram of operation planning method The figure which shows the example of determination of the operation output in the operation planning method The figure explaining the connection state of each heat and power supply apparatus with respect to single phase three-wire wiring in another embodiment The figure explaining the installation state of the cogeneration apparatus with respect to several consumers in another embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

1: Combined heat and power supply device 2: Generator 4: Hot water tank 5: Heating part (heat radiation part)
6: Hot water supply section 7: Heat demand section 9: Commercial power system 10: Inter-user wiring 10n: Neutral line 13: Electric power demand section 15: Cooling water circulation path 17: Cooling water circulation pump 40: Operation control section 45: Communication line 50 : Operation planning means 51: Demand amount recording unit 52: Demand amount prediction unit 53: Time zone selection unit 54: Energy saving degree calculation unit (evaluation value calculation unit)
55: Hot water storage heat amount calculation unit 56: Operation output determination unit 57: Demand amount update unit D, D1, D2, D3, D4: Multiple consumers Da: Power generation customer Db: Non-power generation customer P: Energy saving level (evaluation value)
UR: Unbalance rate (unbalance amount)

Claims (17)

A cogeneration system comprising an operation planning means for planning operation in a future planning period of a cogeneration device that generates heat and electric power,
Corresponding to each of a plurality of heat demand units, a plurality of the combined heat and power supply devices,
Supplying heat generated by each of the plurality of cogeneration devices to the heat demand unit corresponding to the cogeneration device and supplying power generated by the plurality of cogeneration devices to the power demand unit Configured,
The operation planning means is
A time zone selection unit for sequentially selecting a predetermined selection time zone from a plurality of time zones in the planning period;
For each of the plurality of cogeneration devices, the amount of heat demand for each time period in a predetermined period including the planned period of the heat demand section corresponding to the cogeneration device, and the output of the cogeneration device in the selected time period And an evaluation value calculation unit for calculating an evaluation value for evaluating the operation of the cogeneration device in the selected time zone,
Based on the evaluation value in the selected time zone for each of the plurality of cogeneration devices, an operation output determining unit that determines an operation output in the selected time zone of the plurality of cogeneration devices;
Reflecting the power generation amount and the heat generation amount of the plurality of cogeneration devices when operating with the operation output determined by the operation output determination unit, the total power demand amount in the selected time zone of the power demand unit A cogeneration system comprising a demand amount updating unit for updating a total power demand amount for each time period in a planning period and a heat demand amount for each time period in the predetermined period.   The evaluation value is at least one of an energy load reduction evaluation value indicating an energy load reduction degree due to the operation of the cogeneration device and an environmental load reduction evaluation value indicating an environmental load reduction degree due to the operation of the cogeneration device. The cogeneration system according to claim 1.   The cogeneration system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the time zone selection unit is configured to select the selection time zone except for a time zone in which the total power demand is equal to or less than a predetermined value. .   The cogeneration system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the time zone selecting unit is configured to select a time zone in which the total power demand is maximized as the selected time zone.   The said operation output determination part is comprised so that the operation output of the one thermoelectric cogeneration apparatus operated among the said several cogeneration apparatuses may be determined in the said selection time slot | zone. Cogeneration system according to item. Each of the plurality of cogeneration devices includes a hot water storage tank for storing hot water heated by generated heat,
The cogeneration system as described in any one of Claims 1-5 provided with the hot water supply part which consumes the hot water stored in the said hot water tank as the said heat demand part.   The said demand amount update part is comprised so that when the said total power demand amount and the said heat demand amount are updated, the hot water storage heat amount of the said hot water tank corresponding to the said thermoelectric power supply apparatus is also updated. Cogeneration system.   Each of the plurality of combined heat and power supply devices includes a heat exchanger that heats the heat medium with the generated heat, and the heat demand unit includes a heat dissipation unit that dissipates heat from the heat medium heated by the heat exchanger. Item 8. The cogeneration system according to any one of Items 1 to 7. A demand amount recording unit for recording the actual heat demand amount and the actual power demand amount in time series of the heat demand part and the power demand part,
The said operation plan means has a demand amount prediction part which predicts the said heat demand amount and the said electric power demand amount based on the said actual heat demand amount and the said real electric power demand amount to any one of Claims 1-8. The described cogeneration system. The operation planning means is configured to determine the prediction accuracy of the heat demand from the difference between the actual heat demand and the heat demand,
The operation output determination unit is configured to prioritize the combined heat and power supply device corresponding to the heat demand unit determined to have high prediction accuracy, and to determine an operation output in the selected time zone. The cogeneration system according to any one of 1 to 9.   The said operation output determination part is comprised so that the operation output of the said combined heat and power supply apparatus with which the said evaluation value is less than a predetermined | prescribed lower limit of evaluation may be determined to the minimum output also including an operation stop. The cogeneration system according to one item.   The operation output determination unit gives priority to the combined heat and power device in which the operation output is determined other than the lowest output including the operation stop in the time zone before and after the selected time zone, and the operation output in the selected time zone. The cogeneration system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the cogeneration system is configured to determine other than the minimum output. The plurality of cogeneration devices have a positive phase connection device connected to the positive phase of the single-phase three-wire wiring and a negative phase connection device connected to the negative phase of the single-phase three-wire wiring,
The operation output determination unit prioritizes the combined heat and power supply device such that the unbalance amount corresponding to the difference between the total power generation amount of the positive phase connection device and the total power generation amount of the reverse phase connection device is equal to or less than an allowable value. And the cogeneration system as described in any one of Claims 1-12 comprised so that the driving | operation output in the said selection time slot | zone may be determined.   The operation output determination unit tentatively determines the operation output of one of the plurality of cogeneration devices to be operated in the selected time zone, and the operation of tentatively determining the one cogeneration device When the connection point voltage when operating with an output exceeds an allowable value, the operation output of the one combined heat and power supply apparatus is determined to be the lowest output including the operation stop. The cogeneration system according to any one of the above.   15. Each of the plurality of cogeneration devices is configured to cause the cogeneration device to operate individually without reverse power flow when communication with the operation planning means is impossible. The cogeneration system according to any one of the above.   The operation planning unit excludes a communication impossible device that is in a state in which communication with the operation planning unit is impossible from the plurality of cogeneration devices, and the communication disabled device covers the total power demand. The cogeneration system according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the cogeneration system is configured to subtract a power demand equivalent amount. The power demand section is a power demand section provided for each of a plurality of consumers,
The cogeneration system according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the cogeneration device is provided in at least a part of the plurality of consumers.

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