JP6678347B2 - Power management system - Google Patents

Description

  The present disclosure relates to a power management system.

  2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, a distributed power generation device that generates electricity and heat has attracted attention as a measure against global environmental problems. Energy saving can be realized by storing the exhaust heat generated at the time of power generation by the distributed power generation device in the heat storage device and using it for hot water supply and heating. In particular, since the heat generated at the time of power generation can be easily used in homes, the spread of small-sized home-use distributed power generation devices is expected. For example, a gas engine equipped with a generator, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), or a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is used as the distributed power generation device, and has already been commercialized and sold.

  In a gas engine or a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, the number of times of starting and stopping is not strictly limited. Therefore, an operation for stopping power generation when exhaust heat can no longer be stored in the heat storage device (full storage) is usually performed. In the case of a solid oxide fuel cell, the number of times of starting and stopping is strictly limited. Therefore, when the fuel cell is full, an operation in which the radiator radiates heat to perform continuous operation is usually performed.

  Meanwhile, as a countermeasure against global environmental problems, power generation devices using natural energy such as solar cells and wind power generation are rapidly spreading. While these power generation devices have the advantage of not using fossil fuels during power generation, they have the disadvantage that the amount of power generation depends on natural factors such as weather. Therefore, as these power generation devices become more widespread, the issue of power supply and demand is increasing. For example, the amount of power generated by the solar cell increases on a sunny day, so that there is surplus electricity. On the other hand, the amount of power generated by the solar cell is low on a rainy day, so that the power becomes insufficient.

  As a countermeasure against such a problem of power supply and demand, a method of connecting a distributed power generation device via an Internet line or the like and controlling the power generation amount of each distributed power generation device in accordance with the entire power supply and demand has been studied. For example, in the technique of Patent Literature 1, the power purchaser system creates a power supply plan. Then, the power output from the distributed power generation system to the power transmission network is controlled based on the power supply plan, and the price for the power supply is paid to the consumers of the distributed power generation system.

  In this way, when the power is insufficient, the decentralized power generator is generated to supply the insufficient power, and when the power is excessive, the decentralized power generator is stopped to generate power demand. This makes it possible to adjust power supply and demand. In recent years, such adjustment of power supply and demand has been attracting attention as a new service for power generation companies and power transmission and distribution companies.

JP-A-2003-259696

  In a domestic distributed power generation system, when a hot water supply load is small in summer or the like, the heat storage device may be full and power generation may not be continued. Further, in the case of a distributed power generation device that continuously generates power, power generation cannot be stopped even when it is desired to stop power generation in order to stimulate power demand. As described above, in the related art described in Patent Literature 1, the distributed power generation system may not be able to generate power according to the power supply plan created by the power purchaser system.

  Therefore, the present inventors have considered that the distributed power generation system may not be able to generate power according to the power supply plan, and the information on the power generation amount of the plurality of distributed power generation systems and the Construct a power management system that creates information that reflects the intentions of the owner and requests for external power supply and demand adjustment, collects the information in a device outside the distributed power generation system, and operates the distributed power generation device. I thought.

The present disclosure
A power management system including a power management device, a HEMS server, and a plurality of distributed power generation systems,
The power management device receives at least one power generation amount adjustment request from outside the power management device, generates a power adjustment command using the power generation amount adjustment request, and transmits the power adjustment command via the HEMS server. Transmitting to the plurality of distributed power generation systems,
The plurality of distributed power generation systems provide a power management system that creates a response using the power adjustment command and transmits the response to the HEMS server.

  The technology according to the present disclosure creates information on the amount of power generation of a plurality of distributed power generation systems, which reflects the intentions of the owners of the plurality of distributed power generation systems and external requests, and distributes the information in a distributed It is suitable for collecting in a device (HEMS server) outside the power generation system.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a power management system according to an example. FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a power management system according to another example. FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the distributed power generation system according to the present embodiment. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a controller in the distributed power generation system shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a flowchart schematically illustrating the operation of the distributed power generation system according to the present embodiment. FIG. 6 is a flowchart for determining a priority power generation time zone. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the concept of the matching determination based on the operation plan. FIG. 8A is a flowchart for calculating a predetermined reference. FIG. 8B is a flowchart for calculating a predetermined reference. FIG. 9 is a table showing a pipe radiation loss coefficient. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing information included in the power adjustment command. FIG. 11 is an example of an operation plan.

A first aspect of the present disclosure is a power management system including a power management device, a HEMS server, and a plurality of distributed power generation systems,
The power management device receives at least one power generation amount adjustment request from outside the power management device, generates a power adjustment command using the power generation amount adjustment request, and transmits the power adjustment command via the HEMS server. Transmitting to the plurality of distributed power generation systems,
The plurality of distributed power generation systems provide a power management system that creates a response using the power adjustment command and transmits the response to the HEMS server.

In the first aspect, the power adjustment command is generated using a power generation amount adjustment request. Therefore, a power generation amount adjustment request (an external request) can be reflected in the power adjustment command. A response is created using the power adjustment command. For this reason, a request outside the distributed power generation system can be reflected in the response. The response is created by a distributed generation system. Therefore, the intention of the owner of the distributed power generation system can be reflected in the response. Further, in the first aspect, the plurality of responses thus created are transmitted to the HEMS server. For the above reasons, the technology according to the first aspect creates information on the amount of power generation of a plurality of distributed power generation systems that reflects the intentions of the owners of the plurality of distributed power generation systems and external requests. This is suitable for collecting the information in a device (HEMS server) outside the distributed power generation system.

According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to the first aspect,
The plurality of distributed power generation systems create an operation plan using the power adjustment command,
The response provides a power management system including a transmission plan that is at least a part of the operation plan.

  In the second aspect, the operation plan is created using a power adjustment command. For this reason, a request external to the distributed power generation system can be reflected in the operation plan. The operation plan is created by the distributed power generation system. Therefore, the intention of the owner of the distributed power generation system can be reflected in the operation plan. In addition, the operation plan is information that is useful for estimating the transition of the power generation amount of the distributed power generation system over time. For the above reasons, the operation plan of the second aspect is based on the forecast of the time change of the power generation amount of the distributed power generation system, which reflects the intention of the owner of the distributed power generation system and external requests. It is beneficial. Further, each distributed power generation system transmits a transmission plan, which is at least a part of the operation plan obtained as described above, to the HEMS server. In this way, a plurality of transmission plans can be collected in the power management device. For this reason, the technology according to the second aspect is an outlook of the time change of the total power generation amount of the plurality of distributed power generation systems, and reflects the intention of the owners of the plurality of distributed power generation systems and external requests. It is suitable to stand something on a device (HEMS server) outside the distributed power generation system.

According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to the second aspect,
The HEMS server provides an electric power management system that specifies the expected value of the time zone transition of the total power generation amount of the plurality of distributed power generation systems by totalizing the plurality of transmission plans collected.

  If the expected value is calculated as in the third aspect, it is possible to establish an outlook of the time zone transition of the total power generation amount of the plurality of distributed power generation systems.

According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to the third aspect,
The HEMS server sends the expected value to the power management device,
The power management device provides a power management system that determines whether the expected value conforms to the power generation amount adjustment request.

  The determination result obtained by the determination specified in the fourth mode can be used for power supply and demand adjustment and the like.

According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to the fourth aspect,
If the power management device determines that the expected value is compatible with the power generation amount adjustment request, the power management device transmits the transmission plan execution instruction to the plurality of distributed power generation systems via the HEMS server. To provide a power management system.

  In a fifth aspect, when it is determined that a plurality of distributed power generation systems can be operated to meet a power generation amount adjustment request, the plurality of distributed power generation systems are operated to meet a power generation amount adjustment request. Suitable for.

According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to any one of the second to fifth aspects,
The power adjustment command includes information indicating a restricted time zone,
The transmission plan includes a plan for the restricted time period,
The plan of the constraint time zone provides a power management system that satisfies the constraint condition given by the power adjustment command.

  The transmission plan according to the sixth aspect includes a plan for a restricted time zone. The plan of the constraint time zone satisfies the constraint condition given by the power adjustment command. The sixth aspect is suitable for reflecting a request external to the distributed power generation system in the transmission plan.

According to a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to any one of the second to sixth aspects,
The constraint time zone includes at least one selected from a priority power generation time zone, a power generation stop time zone, and a power generation suppression time zone,
When the constraint time zone includes the priority power generation time zone, the constraint time zone plan includes the priority power generation time zone plan,
When the constraint time zone includes the power generation stop time zone, the plan of the constraint time zone includes a plan of the power generation stop time zone,
When the constraint time zone includes the power generation suppression time zone, the plan of the constraint time zone includes a plan of the power generation suppression time zone,
The constraint condition satisfied by the plan of the priority power generation time zone is to cause the distributed power generation system to generate power in preference to other time zones in the priority power generation time zone,
The constraint condition satisfied by the plan of the power generation stop time zone is to stop power generation of the distributed power generation system in the power generation stop time zone,
A power management system is provided, wherein the constraint condition satisfied by the plan of the power generation suppression time zone is to cause the distributed power generation system to generate power at a predetermined minimum power generation output in the power generation suppression time zone.

  The plan of the priority power generation time zone, the plan of the power generation stop time zone, and the plan of the power generation suppression time zone of the seventh aspect are specific examples of the plan included in the plan of the restricted time zone.

According to an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to any one of the second to seventh aspects,
The constraint time zone includes a priority power generation time zone,
The constraint time zone plan includes the priority power generation time zone plan,
The constraint condition that the plan of the priority power generation time zone is satisfied is that, in the priority power generation time zone, the distributed power generation system performs reverse power flow operation or load following operation,
The reverse power flow operation of the distributed power generation system is an operation of causing the power generated by the distributed power generation system to flow backward to a system power supply,
The load following operation of the distributed power generation system is an operation of following the amount of power generated by the distributed power generation system to the amount of power consumed by the power load or the amount obtained by subtracting a predetermined margin from the consumed amount. Provide a management system.

  The priority power generation time zone plan of the ninth aspect is a specific example of the priority power generation time zone plan.

According to a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to any one of the first to eighth aspects,
The distributed power generation system provides a distributed power generation system that is a cogeneration system.

  The ninth aspect of the distributed power generation system is a specific example of the distributed power generation system. The ninth aspect of the distributed power generation system is a cogeneration system. In a cogeneration system, heat is generated along with electric power. In a cogeneration system, it is more necessary to create an operation plan than in a distributed power generation system that generates only electric power. For this reason, the cogeneration system is compatible with the technology using the operation plan.

According to a tenth aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to the ninth aspect,
The cogeneration system provides a distributed power generation system that is a fuel cell system that generates electric power and heat using a fuel cell.

  A system that generates power and heat using a fuel cell is a specific example of a cogeneration system.

(Embodiment)
It is being studied to construct a virtual power plant (VPP) that treats multiple distributed power generation systems as one power plant. In addition, it is being studied to appropriately adjust power supply and demand using a virtual power plant. The present inventors have studied a technique for facilitating such adjustment, and based on an operation plan transmitted from a plurality of distributed power generation systems, set a forecast of power supply to a power grid, I have come up with the idea of integrated control of a distributed power generation system (corresponding to the system denoted by reference numeral 100 in FIG. 1). The following embodiments are suitable for integrally controlling a plurality of distributed power generation systems with such an outlook. However, the technology described in the following embodiments can be used for other applications.

  Hereinafter, the present embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.

[Configuration of power management system]
The configuration of power management system 400 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a power management system 400 according to an example.

  The power management system 400 illustrated in FIG. 1 includes a power management device 300, a HEMS (Home Energy Management System) server 200, and a plurality of distributed power generation systems 100. Here, the HEMS server 200 is bidirectionally communicably connected to the HEMS of each distributed power generation system 100, and in such a configuration, the HEMS can create the operation plan. The power management system 400 and the power transmission and distribution company 500 are communicably connected via a communication network. Specifically, the power management apparatus 300 and the power transmission and distribution company 500 are communicably connected via a communication network. The power management apparatus 300 and the HEMS server 200 are communicably connected via a communication network. The HEMS server 200 and the plurality of distributed power generation systems 100 are communicably connected via a communication network. Although not shown, the power management apparatus 300 can be directly or indirectly connected to a distributed power source other than the distributed power generation system 100 via a communication network.

  The outline of the operation of the power management system 400 and the power transmission and distribution company 500 in FIG. 1 is as follows. The power transmission and distribution company 500 transmits a power generation amount adjustment request to the power management device 300 when the power supply and demand adjustment power should be procured. That is, the power management apparatus 300 receives at least one (one in the example of FIG. 1) power generation amount adjustment request from outside the power management apparatus 300. The power management apparatus 300 generates a power adjustment command using the power generation amount adjustment request, and transmits the power adjustment command to the plurality of distributed power generation systems 100 via the HEMS server 200. The plurality of distributed power generation systems 100 create a response using the power adjustment command. Specifically, the plurality of distributed power generation systems 100 create an operation plan using the power adjustment command, and include a transmission plan that is at least a part of the operation plan in the response. The plurality of distributed power generation systems 100 transmit a response to the HEMS server 200 (before generating power according to the operation plan). Thus, the transmission plan is transmitted from the distributed power generation system 100 to the HEMS server 200. The HEMS server 200 specifies the expected value of the time change of the total power generation amount of the plurality of distributed power generation systems 100 by totalizing the collected transmission plans. The HEMS server 200 transmits the expected value to the power management device 300. The power management apparatus 300 determines whether or not the expected value calculated by the HEMS server 200 matches the power generation amount adjustment request. If the power management apparatus 300 determines that the expected value matches the power generation amount adjustment request, the power management apparatus 300 transmits a transmission plan execution instruction to the plurality of distributed power generation systems 100 via the HEMS server 200. After transmitting the transmission plan to the HEMS server 200 and then receiving an execution instruction from the HEMS server 200, the distributed power generation system 100 generates power according to the transmission plan (typically, according to the operation plan).

  Note that participation in the power generation amount adjustment request can be forgotten due to the failure of the distributed power generation system or the convenience of the customer who owns the distributed power generation system.

  Here, the power management apparatus 300 examined the imbalance value of the delivery in the wholesale power trading market and the suitability for the power generation adjustment request within a predetermined response time period after receiving the power generation adjustment request the day before. Above, the participation / non-participation in the power generation amount adjustment request is answered to the power transmission and distribution company 500.

  The determination as to whether or not the expected value conforms to the power generation adjustment request may be made, for example, in response to the power generation adjustment request in the time period in which the transaction is performed, based on the estimated value of the total power generation in the corresponding time zone of the distributed power generation system 100. Is 90% or more, and it can be performed by using as a criterion a criterion that it can be handled including procurement of other power sources.

  In the present embodiment, the power management device 300 is a property of the operator of the resource aggregator. Here, the resource aggregator aggregates various resources such as renewable energy power generators (photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation, etc.), consumer load, and fuel cells and storage batteries installed on the consumer side. It is a company that performs integrated control and provides various services to each company. The resource aggregator receives the price by designing and providing a service so that the related parties can enjoy the benefits.

  The HEMS server 200 may or may not be owned by the operator of the resource aggregator. The distributed power supply system 100 is a cogeneration system. In one example, the cogeneration system is a fuel cell system that generates electric power and heat using a fuel cell (corresponding to the power generation unit 2 in FIG. 3).

  Further, the function of the HEMS can be provided to a control board built in the power generation unit 2 of each distributed power generation system 100, and the control board can be responsible for creating an operation plan. In this case, the fuel cell server 200 replaces the HEMS server 200. The power management apparatus 300 generates a power adjustment command using the power generation amount adjustment request, and transmits the power adjustment command to the plurality of distributed power generation systems 100 via the fuel cell 200. The plurality of distributed power generation systems 100 create a response using the power adjustment command. Specifically, the plurality of distributed power generation systems 100 create an operation plan using the power adjustment command, and include a transmission plan that is at least a part of the operation plan in the response. The plurality of distributed power generation systems 100 transmit a response to the fuel cell 200 (before generating power according to the operation plan). Thus, the transmission plan is transmitted from the distributed power generation system 100 to the fuel cell 200. The fuel cell server 200 specifies the expected value of the time change of the total power generation amount of the plurality of distributed power generation systems 100 by summing up the plurality of transmission plans collected. The fuel cell server 200 transmits the expected value to the power management device 300. The power management apparatus 300 determines whether or not the expected value calculated by the fuel cell server 200 matches the power generation amount adjustment request. If the power management apparatus 300 determines that the expected value matches the power generation amount adjustment request, the power management apparatus 300 transmits a transmission plan execution instruction to the plurality of distributed power generation systems 100 via the fuel cell server 200. After transmitting the transmission plan to the fuel cell server 200 and then receiving an execution instruction from the fuel cell server 200, the distributed power generation system 100 generates power according to the transmission plan (typically, according to the operation plan).

  In addition, the HEMS of each distributed power generation system 100 or the control board can be linked with a smart meter. Although not limited to the smart meter, when the distributed power generation system 100 operates using the power meter according to the power adjustment command (according to the constraints of the planning of the restricted time zone described later), It is possible to grasp whether the electric power is generated (adjustment result). This adjustment result can be transmitted to the HEMS server (fuel cell server) 200 or transmitted to the power management apparatus 300 via the HEMS server (fuel cell server) 200.

  In the embodiment described below, a case will be described in which the HEMS server 200 is bidirectionally connected to the HEMS of each distributed power generation system 100 so that the HEMS can create an operation plan. However, the present invention is not limited to this. As described above, the function of the HEMS can be provided to the control board incorporated in the power generation unit 2 of each distributed power generation system 100, and the control board can be responsible for creating an operation plan. In this case, the fuel cell server 200 replaces the HEMS server 200.

  In the present embodiment, when the distributed generation system 100 operates according to the power adjustment command, an incentive is given to the owner of the distributed generation system 100 from the owner of the power management apparatus 300. That is, in exchange for the provision of the incentive, the consumer performs a demand response for suppressing the use of electric power. Thereby, the transmission and distribution company 500 can procure the power supply and demand adjustment power by the operation of the distributed power generation system 100. Considering such advantages of the power transmission and distribution company 500, the power transmission and distribution company 500 may bear the resources of the incentive given to the owner of the distributed power generation system 100 from the owner of the power management apparatus 300. It is also conceivable that a brokerage commission is paid to the owner of the power management apparatus 300 and / or the HEMS server (fuel cell server) 200 based on the resources of the power transmission and distribution company 500.

  In the example of FIG. 1, the power generation amount adjustment request is generated by the power transmission and distribution company 500. However, the entity that generates the power generation amount adjustment request is not limited to this. An example in which the entity that generates the power generation amount adjustment request is not the power transmission and distribution company 500 will be described with reference to FIG.

  In the example of FIG. 2, the power transmission and distribution business 500 and the renewable energy power generation business 600 are communicably connected via a communication network. The renewable energy power generation company 600 and the power management apparatus 300 are communicably connected via a communication network. The power generation company 700 and the retail electricity company 800 are communicably connected via a communication network. The retail electricity provider 800 and the power management apparatus 300 are communicably connected via a communication network. The power management apparatus 300 and the HEMS server 200 are communicably connected via a communication network. The power management apparatus 300 and the HEMS server 200 are communicably connected via a communication network. The HEMS server 200 and the plurality of distributed power generation systems 100 are communicably connected via a communication network.

  In the example of FIG. 2, the power transmission and distribution business 500 transmits an output suppression request to the renewable energy power generation business 600 as necessary. The renewable energy power generation company 600 transmits a power generation amount adjustment request for stimulating the demand for power in a certain time zone (hereinafter, a power generation amount adjustment request for stimulating demand) to the power management apparatus 300. The retail electricity supplier 800 inquires of the power generator 700 about the unit price of power procurement. When the procurement unit price is high, the retail electricity supplier 800 sends a power generation amount adjustment request for suppressing power demand in a certain time zone (hereinafter, a power generation amount adjustment request for demand suppression) to the power management apparatus 300. Send. When the power management apparatus 300 receives a power generation amount adjustment request for arousing demand, the power management apparatus 300 uses this request to make a request to stop power generation or suppress power generation of the plurality of distributed power generation systems 100 in a certain time zone. A power adjustment command is generated. When the power management apparatus 300 receives a power generation amount adjustment request for suppressing demand, the power management apparatus 300 uses the request to generate a power adjustment command for requesting power generation of a plurality of distributed power generation systems 100 in a certain time zone. Generate When the power management device 300 receives the power generation amount adjustment request for demand stimulation and the power generation amount adjustment request for demand suppression, the power management device 300 requests power generation stop or power generation suppression in a certain time zone and generation of power generation in a certain time zone. A power adjustment command for executing at least one of the requests is generated. Thereafter, the power management system 400 operates similarly to the power management system 400 described with reference to FIG.

  In the present embodiment, when the distributed power generation system 100 operates according to a power adjustment command for requesting power generation stop or power generation suppression or a power adjustment command for requesting power generation, the owner of the power management apparatus 300 An incentive is given to the owner of the distributed power generation system 100.

  The renewable energy power generation business 600 is a business that generates power using solar power, wind power, and other non-fossil energy sources that are recognized as being able to be permanently used as an energy source.

  For the renewable energy power generation company 600 that has received the output suppression request, there is an advantage in transmitting the power generation amount adjustment request for increasing demand. This is because, in this case, the power generation of the distributed power generation system 100 is stopped or suppressed, and there is a possibility that the suppression width of the power generation amount of the renewable energy power generation company 600 can be reduced or set to zero. It is. In this example, the renewable energy power generation company 600 is a company that performs solar power generation. At present, in Japan, electricity obtained from solar power generation can be sold at a high unit price under a fixed price purchase system. Outside Japan, power obtained by solar power generation can often be sold at a high unit price. Therefore, in this example, the above advantage is great.

  Depending on the situation, the power generation cost of the power generation company 700 may increase. In such a case, there is an advantage for the retail electricity supplier 800 to transmit a power generation amount adjustment request for suppressing demand. This is because, in this way, the power generation of the distributed power generation system 100 is positively performed, and the retail power company 800 can bear a high power generation cost and reduce the amount of power to be procured from the power company 700. This is because there is a possibility. In this example, the power generation company 700 is a company that performs thermal power generation. In thermal power generation, the price of fuel (oil, coal, natural gas, etc.) tends to fluctuate, and a period when power generation costs are high tends to appear. Therefore, in this example, the above advantage is great.

  In consideration of the above-mentioned merits of the renewable energy power generation company 600, when the distributed generation system 100 operates according to the power adjustment command for requesting power generation stop or power generation suppression, the renewable energy power generation company 600 It is conceivable to bear the resources of the incentive given to the owner of the distributed power generation system 100 from the owner of the device 300. In addition, in consideration of the merits of the retail electricity supplier 800, when the distributed power generation system 100 operates according to the power adjustment command for requesting power generation, the retail electricity supplier 800 It is conceivable to bear the resources of the incentive given to the owner of the distributed power generation system 100. In the former case, the owner of the power management apparatus 300 and / or the HEMS server 200 is determined based on the funding of the renewable energy power generation company 600, and in the latter case, based on the funding of the retail electricity provider 800. Brokerage fees may be paid.

[Configuration of distributed power generation system]
The configuration of the distributed power generation system 100 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the distributed power generation system according to the present embodiment. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a controller in the distributed power generation system shown in FIG. In FIG. 4, a solid line connecting each device indicates a pipe, and a dashed line indicates an electric cable.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a distributed power generation system 100 according to the present embodiment includes a distributed power generation device 1 that generates electricity and heat, and a hot water storage tank that stores the heat generated by the distributed power generation device 1 ( A heat storage unit) 10 and a controller 24 for controlling the distributed power generation system 100.

  The distributed power generation device 1 includes a power generation unit 2 that generates power from a raw material m, a heat exchanger 6 that performs heat exchange between heat generated during power generation in the power generation unit 2 and a heat medium w, and a DC power generated by the power generation unit 2. An inverter 3 for converting the electric power into AC electric power used in the electric power load 26 and interconnecting with the system.

  The power generation unit 2 is, for example, a gas engine or a fuel cell provided with a power generation device. There are various types of fuel cells, such as a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) and a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), and any type of fuel cell may be used. Since a fuel cell generates power by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen in the air, when a fuel cell is used as the power generation unit 2, the power generation unit 2 uses a raw material m and water vapor (not shown) to generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide. A reformer (not shown) for reforming the gas may be provided, or a hydrogen tank may be provided. The raw material m may contain hydrocarbons, may use natural gas, may use LPG, kerosene, or the like.

  The power generation unit 2 is connected to a cooling water pipe 5 through which cooling water c for recovering heat generated during power generation and cooling the power generation unit 2 flows. In the middle of the cooling water pipe 5, a heat exchanger 6 and a pump 4 for moving the cooling water c are provided.

  Further, a pipe 9 through which the heat medium w flows is connected to the heat exchanger 6. The heat exchanger 6 is configured to perform heat exchange between cooling water c for cooling the power generation unit 2 and the heat medium w. By using the heat exchanger 6, the heat medium w serving as hot water, which is sent to the heat load at home, does not pass directly through the power generation unit 2, so that the heat medium w can be prevented from being contaminated. In addition, tap water can be used as the heat medium w, for example.

  The pipe 9 is a pipe 9a connecting the lower part of the hot water storage tank 10 and the heat exchanger 6, a pipe 9b connecting the heat exchanger 6 and the three-way valve 23, and a pipe 9c connecting the three-way valve 23 and the upper part of the hot water storage tank 10. And a pipe 9d connecting the three-way valve 23 and the pipe 9a. Further, a reverse flow prevention heater 8 is provided in the pipe 9b.

  Hot water storage tank 10 is a tank for storing heat generated in power generation unit 2. The heat generated in the power generation unit 2 is transmitted to the heat medium w via the cooling water c and the heat exchanger 6, and the heated heat medium w is stored in the hot water storage tank 10. Specifically, the heat medium w flows from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 10 through the pipe 9a, is supplied to the heat exchanger 6, and exchanges heat with the cooling water c in the heat exchanger 6 to be heated. The heated heat medium w flows through the pipes 9b and 9c, and is supplied to the upper part of the hot water storage tank 10. Thus, a temperature stratification is formed in which the heat medium w in the upper portion of the hot water storage tank 10 has a high temperature and the heat medium w in the lower portion has a low temperature.

  The three-way valve 23 is configured to switch the flow destination of the heat medium w flowing through the pipe 9b to the pipe 9c or the pipe 9d. When the temperature of the heat medium w after the heat exchange in the heat exchanger 6 is low, such as when the distributed power generation device 1 is started, the controller 24 determines the flow destination of the heat medium w flowing through the pipe 9b. The three-way valve 23 is controlled so as to switch to the 9d side. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the heat medium w having a low temperature from being supplied to the upper part of the hot-water storage tank 10 and the temperature stratification from being collapsed.

  Further, temperature detectors 17 to 22 are attached to hot water storage tank 10 in order to detect the amount of heat stored. The temperature detectors 17 to 22 are configured to transmit the detected temperature to the controller 24 (see FIG. 4). The controller 24 calculates the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank 10 from the temperatures detected by the temperature detectors 17 to 22 and the capacity of the hot water storage tank 10.

  The hot water supply passage 16 for sending the heat medium w to the heat load 32 is connected to an upper portion of the hot water storage tank 10. Further, a replenishing path 15 for replenishing the heat medium w reduced by the water supply is connected to a lower portion of the hot water storage tank 10. In the present embodiment, the number of the temperature detectors attached to the hot water storage tank 10 is set to 6. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The number of the temperature detectors may be any appropriate depending on the size and shape of the hot water storage tank 10. Good.

  The backup boiler 11 is provided in the hot water supply channel 16. The backup boiler 11 is configured to heat the heat medium w flowing through the hot water supply passage 16 when the temperature of the heat medium w sent from the hot water storage tank 10 is low. The hot water passage 16 has a temperature detector 13 for detecting the temperature of the heat medium w flowing through the hot water passage 16, and a flow detector for detecting the flow rate of the heat medium w flowing through the hot water passage 16. 14 are attached. Further, a temperature detector 12 for detecting the temperature of the heat medium w flowing through the supply path 15 is attached to the supply path 15.

  The temperature detectors 12, 13 and the flow rate detector 14 are each connected to the controller 24 by a signal cable, and are configured to transmit the detected temperature and flow rate to the controller 24 (FIG. 4). reference). The controller 24 calculates the amount of heat (heat load data) consumed by the heat load 32 based on the transmitted data, and accumulates the history of the past heat load data.

  The distributed power generator 1 (more precisely, the inverter 3) is connected to a system power supply 25 via an electric cable 33. The inverter 3 is connected to the power generation unit 2 via an electric cable 34, and is connected to the reverse flow prevention heater 8 via an electric cable 35.

  The reverse power flow prevention heater 8 is for preventing the power generated by the distributed power generation device 1 from flowing backward to the system power supply 25. Specifically, when the amount of power generated by the distributed power generation device 1 temporarily becomes larger than the amount of power consumed by the power load 26, power is supplied from the inverter 3 to the reverse flow prevention heater 8, and the reverse flow prevention heater 8 is supplied. In FIG. 8, the reverse power flow is prevented by consuming the power generated by the distributed power generation device 1. The electric power consumed by the reverse power flow prevention heater 8 becomes heat and is stored in the hot water storage tank 10 as heat. In addition, when the power distribution of the distributed power generation device 1 is possible, the power may be sold by the reverse flow prevention heater 8 without consuming the power.

  The electric load 33 is connected to the electric cable 33 via an electric cable 36. The electric cable 36 is provided with a first power meter 29. The first power meter 29 is configured to measure the power consumed by the power load 26 and transmit the measured power to the controller 24. The controller 24 calculates the amount of power at predetermined time intervals, which will be described later, based on the power measured by the first power meter 29. Then, the controller 24 stores the calculated amount of power as the amount of power consumed by the power load 26 (power load data) as a history of the past power load data.

  As the first power meter 29, for example, an ammeter may be used, or an ammeter and a voltmeter may be used. The power load 26 is an electric device used by a user of the distributed power generation system 100, and is, for example, a television, a refrigerator, a washing machine, or the like.

  A second power meter 30 is provided in a portion of the electric cable 33 closer to the system power supply 25 than a portion to which the electric cable 36 is connected. The second power measuring device 30 makes it possible to prevent the distributed power generation device 1 from flowing backward to the system power supply 25 side. The second power measuring device 30 is configured to measure the power of the electric cable 33 and transmit the measured power to the controller 24. As the second power measuring device 30, for example, an ammeter may be used, or an ammeter and a voltmeter may be used.

  The controller 24 has a clock unit, a calculation unit, and a data storage unit for controlling the operation of the distributed power generation device 1. Typically, the clock means is a timer, the calculation means is a CPU and a memory, and the data storage means is a non-volatile memory. Then, in the controller 24, the calculating means reads out and executes the predetermined control program, whereby the transmitting / receiving means (transmitting / receiving module) 24a, the restricted time zone determining means (constrained time zone determining module) 24b, the operation plan creating means (Operation plan creation module) 24c and power generation control means (power generation control module) 24d are realized (see FIG. 4), and perform various controls related to the distributed power generation system 100.

[Operation of distributed power generation system]
The distributed power generation system 100 operates according to the operation plan created by itself. Hereinafter, the operation plan will be described.

  The time zones that can be targeted by the operation plan include a restricted time zone and a power generation permission time zone. The restricted time zone is given by the power adjustment command. The power generation permission time zone may be given by a power adjustment command, or may be arbitrarily set by the distributed power generation system 100. That is, the power adjustment command includes information indicating the time limit (or the time limit and the permitted time).

  The restricted time zone is a combination of the priority power generation time zone, the power generation suspension time zone only, the power generation suppression time zone only, the priority power generation time zone and the power generation stop time zone. And a case where the priority power generation time zone and the power generation suppression time zone are combined. In short, the restricted time zone includes at least one selected from the priority power generation time zone, the power generation stop time zone, and the power generation suppression time zone.

  In other words, the operation plan consists only of the plan of the restricted time zone, the case of only the plan of the power generation permitted time zone, and the case where the plan of the restricted time zone and the plan of the power generation permitted time zone are combined. There is. Constrained time zone plans consist of only the priority power generation time zone plan, only the power generation stop time zone plan, only the power generation suppression time zone plan, and the priority power generation time zone plan. There are a case where the plan of the power generation stop time zone is combined and a case where the plan of the priority power generation time zone and the plan of the power generation suppression time zone are combined. When the restricted time zone includes the priority power generation time zone, the plan of the restricted time zone includes the priority power generation time zone plan. When the restriction time zone includes the power generation stop time zone, the plan of the restriction time zone includes the plan of the power generation stop time zone. When the restriction time zone includes the power generation suppression time zone, the plan of the restriction time zone includes the plan of the power generation suppression time zone. In short, the plan of the restriction time zone includes at least one selected from the plan of the priority power generation time zone, the plan of the power generation stop time zone, and the plan of the power generation suppression time zone.

  The plan of the constraint time zone satisfies the constraint condition given by the power adjustment command. On the other hand, such a constraint is not imposed on the plan of the power generation permission time zone.

  Specifically, the constraint that the priority generation time zone plan satisfies is that in the priority generation time zone, the decentralized power generation system will generate power in preference to other time zones (other than the priority generation time zone). is there. The constraint condition satisfied by the plan of the power generation stop time zone is that the power generation of the distributed power generation system is stopped in the power generation stop time zone. The constraint condition satisfied by the plan of the power generation suppression time zone is to cause the distributed power generation system to generate power at a predetermined minimum power generation output in the power generation suppression time zone.

  To cause the distributed power generation system to generate power in a priority power generation time zone over other time periods means that the power generation of the distributed power generation system 100 can be stopped when the distributed power generation system 100 can be stopped. 100 means to generate power. To cause the distributed power generation system to generate power in preference to other time periods in the priority power generation time period means that if the distributed power generation system 100 cannot stop power generation, the distributed power generation system will not generate power in the priority power generation time period. This means that the power generation amount of the system 100 is made larger than a predetermined minimum power generation amount.

  In the present embodiment, the constraint condition satisfied by the plan of the priority power generation time zone is to cause the distributed power generation system to perform the reverse power flow operation or the load following operation in the priority power generation time zone. The reverse power flow operation of the distributed power generation system 100 is an operation of causing the power generated by the distributed power generation system 100 to flow backward to the system power supply. The load following operation of the distributed power generation system 100 is an operation of following the amount of power generated by the distributed power generation system 100 to the amount of power consumed by the power load or to an amount obtained by subtracting a predetermined margin from the consumed amount.

  In the present embodiment, specifically, the constraint conditions satisfied by the plan of the priority power generation time zone are specified by the power adjustment command of the reverse power flow operation and the load following operation to the distributed power generation system 100 in the priority power generation time zone. That is, the operation is performed.

  As described above, there are no constraints given by the power adjustment command in the plan of the power generation permission time zone. The distributed power generation system 100 can create an arbitrary plan as a plan for a power generation permission time zone. The plan of the power generation permission time zone may be to stop the power generation of the distributed power generation system, or to make the distributed power generation system generate power at a predetermined minimum power generation output. 100 may perform reverse power flow operation, or the distributed power generation system 100 may perform load following operation.

  In the present embodiment, the power adjustment command includes a proposal without a constraint (no forcing) to cause the distributed power generation system 100 to perform the reverse power flow operation or the load following operation in the power generation permission time zone. In the present embodiment, specifically, the power adjustment command is a constraint that the distributed power generation system 100 performs the operation specified by the power adjustment command among the reverse power flow operation and the load following operation during the power generation permission time zone. Including weak proposals. The plan of the power generation permission time zone may completely follow the proposal, may partially follow the proposal, or may not follow the proposal at all.

  As described above, at least a part of the operation plan is transmitted to the HEMS server 200 as a transmission plan. In the present embodiment, the time period targeted for the transmission plan includes the restricted time period, and the transmission plan includes the restricted time period plan.

  The operation of the distributed power generation system 100 according to the present embodiment can be described with reference to FIGS. Note that the power generation operation of the distributed power generation device 1 is performed in the same manner as the power generation operation of a general distributed power generation device, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

  FIG. 5 is a flowchart schematically illustrating the operation of the distributed power generation device in the distributed power generation system according to the present embodiment. FIG. 6 is a flowchart for determining a restricted time zone (in FIG. 6, a priority power generation time zone). FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the concept of the matching determination based on the operation plan. FIG. 8A is a flowchart for calculating a predetermined reference in an operation plan candidate (operation plan candidate). FIG. 8B is a flowchart for calculating a predetermined reference in the operation plan candidate. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a pipe heat dissipation loss coefficient.

  In the following description, an outline of the operation of the distributed power generation device 1 will be described with reference to FIG. 5, and then details of each step will be described with reference to FIGS.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the transmitting / receiving means 24a of the controller 24 receives a power adjustment command from the HEMS server (Step S10). In the present embodiment, the power adjustment command includes information indicating the restricted time zone. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the power adjustment command includes information indicating the priority power generation time zone and the power generation stop time zone.

  Next, the constrained time zone determining means 24b of the controller 24 determines a priority power generation time zone (step S20).

  Next, the operation plan creation unit 24c of the controller 24 uses the history of the past power load data (the amount of power consumed by the power load 26) and the history of the heat load data (the amount of heat consumed by the heat load 32). Then, the power demand (demand of the power consumed by the power load 26) and the heat demand (demand of the heat consumed by the heat load 32) up to a predetermined time point are predicted (step S30).

  Here, the predetermined time is a time when the operation of the distributed power generation device 1 is repeated, and is, for example, a period of one day, one week, ten days, one month, and the like. In the present embodiment, the description will be given assuming that the predetermined time is 24 hours.

  Next, the operation plan creation unit 24c of the controller 24 creates a plurality of operation plan bases (Step S40). The operation plan base is an operation schedule including information indicating when the distributed power generation device 1 is to be generated and when to be stopped at a predetermined time. That is, the operation plan base includes information indicating a time zone in which power is generated (power generation time zone). At this stage, the operation plan creating means 24c of the controller 24 creates a plurality of operation plan bases without considering the restricted time zone. When the fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) or the like, it is difficult to stop the distributed power generator 1. In such a case, an operation plan base is created that indicates an operation schedule of continuous operation without stopping the distributed power generator 1.

  Next, the operation plan creating unit 24c of the controller 24 performs the operation plan-based adaptation determination (Steps S50 and S60). Specifically, the operation plan creation unit 24c determines whether the priority power generation time zone matches the operation plan base (step S50). Specifically, the operation plan creation unit 24c checks whether the power generation time zone based on the operation plan includes all the priority power generation time zones. In addition, the operation plan creation unit 24c determines whether or not the power generation stop time zone matches the operation plan (step S60). Specifically, the operation plan creating unit 24c checks whether the power generation time zone based on the operation plan does not include the power generation stop time zone at all. In the present embodiment, in step S50, the operation plan creation unit 24c eliminates (deletes) the operation plan base in which the power generation time zone based on the operation plan does not include all of the priority power generation time zones. In step S60, the operation plan creation unit 24c excludes (deletes) the operation plan base in which the power generation time zone of the operation plan base includes at least the power generation stop time zone. In other words, according to steps S50 and S60, of the operation plan bases, the power generation time zone based on the operation plan includes all the priority power generation time zones and the power generation time zone based on the operation plan does not include the power generation stop time zone at all. It is. Note that either step S50 or step S60 may be performed first.

  Next, the operation plan creation unit 24c calculates a predetermined reference for operating the distributed power generation device 1 based on the operation plan base based on the operation plan base left in steps S50 and S60 (step S70). Here, the predetermined criterion includes energy saving, economy, environment and the like, and any of these may be used. In the process of calculating the predetermined reference, an operation plan candidate corresponding to each operation plan base is created. The operation plan candidate of the present embodiment represents at least one time-zone transition of the power load (predicted value), the generated power (planned amount), the purchased power (planned amount), and the reverse power flow power (planned amount). is there.

  Next, the operation plan creation means 24c formally selects, from among the operation plan candidates created in step S70, those having the best predetermined criteria as the operation plan (step S80). Specifically, the operation plan creation unit 24c selects, for example, an operation plan candidate with the best energy saving performance as the operation plan when the operation plan is executed.

  Next, the transmission / reception means 24a of the controller 24 transmits the transmission plan (response) to the HEMS server 200 (step S90). As described above, the transmission plan is at least a part of the operation plan. In the present embodiment, the transmission plan is the entire operation plan.

  If the distributed power generation system 100 receives the execution instruction from the HEMS server 200 after transmitting the transmission plan to the HEMS server 200 (YES in step S100), the distributed power generation system 100 adopts the operation plan selected in step S80 ( Step S110). Then, the distributed power generation system 100 generates power according to the adopted operation plan (Step S130). In the present embodiment, the distributed power generation system 100 generates power according to all of the operation plans selected in step S80. However, it is sufficient to generate power according to the transmission plan, and it is not always necessary to follow a plan that is not included in the transmission plan among the operation plans selected in step S80. In the present embodiment, an execution instruction can be received by the transmission / reception unit 24a. A power generation unit 2 such as a fuel cell (FC) performs power generation.

  On the other hand, if the distributed power generation system 100 does not receive the execution instruction from the HEMS server 200 after transmitting the transmission plan to the HEMS server 200 (NO in step S100), the condition without restriction by the power adjustment command To recalculate the operation plan, and adopt the obtained operation plan (step S120). Then, the distributed power generation system 100 generates power according to the adopted operation plan (Step S130). In the present embodiment, recalculation of the operation plan is performed by the operation plan creation unit 24c. Specifically, the operation plan creation unit 24c recalculates the operation plan in steps S30, S40, S70, and S80.

  In step S130, the power generation control unit 24d of the controller 24 operates the distributed power generation device 1.

  In addition, while the controller 24 is operating based on the flowchart of FIG. 5, each detector such as the temperature detector 12 detects the water temperature or the like at any time, and the detected data is transmitted to the controller 24. . Then, the controller 24 calculates the amount of power or the amount of heat storage based on the transmitted data, and stores the calculated amount of power together with the time information.

[About steps S20 to S70]
Next, steps S20 to S70 described above will be described in more detail.
(1) Step S20 First, the necessity of step S20 will be described. Assuming that the distributed power generation system 100 cannot change the length of the priority power generation time zone, if the amount of heat used by the heat load 32 is small, the hot water storage tank 10 becomes full during the priority power generation time zone, There is a possibility that a situation in which the operation of the power generation device 1 must be stopped may occur. In the example of FIG. 6, step S20 is configured so that the above-described problem regarding the priority power generation time zone is less likely to occur.

  Hereinafter, the process of determining the priority power generation time zone will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the constrained time zone determining means 24b of the controller 24 first obtains a priority power generation time zone from a power adjustment command (step S101).

  Next, the constrained time zone determining means 24b calculates the amount of heat generated when the distributed power generation device 1 generates power during this priority power generation time zone (step S102). Specifically, the constrained time zone determination unit 24b calculates the heat generation amount for each predetermined time interval by calculating the heat recovery amount-piping heat dissipation loss for each predetermined time interval. More specifically, the restricted time zone determination unit 24b calculates the amount of heat recovery and the amount of heat generated by executing steps S501 to S505 shown in FIG. 8A described below. Then, the constrained time period determining means 24b calculates the amount of heat generated when the distributed power generation device 1 generates power in the priority power generation time period by integrating the amount of generated heat at predetermined time intervals.

  Next, the constrained time zone determining means 24b determines that the sum of the heat generation amount of the distributed power generation device 1 and the current heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 10 is the heat amount used in the heat load 32 for a predetermined time (for example, 24 hours) It is determined whether or not the sum is larger than the sum (Step S103). The total amount of heat used in the heat load 32 is calculated from the predicted heat amount of the heat load 32.

  The restricted time zone determining means 24b determines that the sum of the heat generation amount of the distributed power generation device 1 and the current heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 10 is equal to or smaller than the total heat amount used by the heat load 32 in a predetermined time (step In No in S103), this flow ends.

  On the other hand, when the sum of the heat generation amount of the distributed power generation device 1 and the current heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 10 is larger than the total sum of the heat amounts used by the heat load 32 for a predetermined time ( In Yes in step S103, the start time of the priority power generation time zone is advanced to a later time (step S104), and the end time of the priority power generation time zone is returned to the previous time (step S105).

  In addition, the time interval to advance or return is set to a time interval that is sufficiently shorter than the priority power generation time zone, such as 1 minute or 10 minutes. Further, in this example, the mode in which both the start time and the end time of the priority power generation time zone are changed is adopted, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a mode in which only the start time of the priority power generation time zone is changed, or a mode in which only the end time of the priority power generation time zone is changed may be adopted.

  Next, the constrained time zone determination means 24b returns to step S102, and the sum of the heat generation amount of the distributed power generation device 1 and the current heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 10 is used as the heat amount used by the heat load 32 for a predetermined time. Steps S102 to S105 are repeated until the total is equal to or less than. Thereby, the priority power generation time zone is gradually shortened, the priority power generation time zone finally adopted as the priority power generation time zone is sufficiently short, and the excess heat stored in the hot water storage tank 10 is suppressed. be able to.

  In short, in the present embodiment, the distributed power generation system 100 is configured so as to be capable of performing correction to shorten the length of the restricted time zone.

  In the example of FIG. 6, the distributed power generation system 100 is a cogeneration system that generates electric power and heat (hot water). The distributed power generation system 100 includes a tank 10 that stores heat (stores hot water). The restricted time zone includes the priority power generation time zone. The constraint time zone plan includes a priority power generation time zone plan. The constraint condition satisfied by the priority power generation time zone plan is to cause the distributed power generation system to generate power in the priority power generation time zone with priority over other time zones. The distributed power generation system 100 has a heat generation amount assuming that the distributed power generation system 100 generates power during the priority power generation time zone, a current heat storage amount of the tank 10, and an estimated amount of heat used in the heat load. , The correction to shorten the length of the priority power generation time zone can be performed.

  According to step S20, when the amount of heat used in the heat load 32 is small, the balance between the heat generated by the distributed power generation device 1 and the amount of heat used by the user makes the hot water storage tank 10 fully charged. Thus, stopping the power generation operation of the distributed power generation device 1 can be suppressed.

  In the present embodiment, the owner of the distributed power generation system 100 is notified to the owner of the distributed power generation system 100 in accordance with the length of the time period in which the constraint condition (the constraint condition given by the power adjustment command) in the constraint time period is actually satisfied. Incentives are given. Therefore, the restricted time zone can be regarded as an incentive time zone from the standpoint of the owner of the distributed power generation system 100. Typically, in order to obtain a lot of incentives, the distributed power generation system 100 is designed so that the restricted time period is long as long as the owner is not hindered. Therefore, even if the distributed power generation system 100 adopts a specification that can determine the restricted time period by shortening the restricted time period, the restricted time period is usually secured to some extent.

  The power adjustment command may include information indicating the restricted time zone, and the power management system 400 may be configured such that the restricted time zone is adopted as it is. This makes it easier to manage the amount of power generated by the distributed power generation system 100.

  The distributed power generation system 100 may be configured so as to be capable of performing correction to shorten the length of the power generation stop time zone or the power generation suppression time zone given from the power adjustment command.

(2) Step S30 In step S30, the operation plan creation unit 24c predicts the amount of power used by the power load 26 and the amount of heat used by the heat load 32 up to a predetermined time. The load prediction method ranges from a simple method (for example, an average value of loads in the past three days as a predicted value) to a relatively complicated method using a neural network, and any method may be used. In general, a complicated prediction method has higher accuracy, but requires a large storage area for processing and requires a long calculation time. Therefore, the designer of the distributed power generation system 100 may determine the prediction method according to the performance of the controller 24.

(3) Step S40 In step S40, the operation plan creating unit 24c divides the predetermined time into predetermined time intervals (for example, one hour), and sets the distributed power generator 1 An operation plan base is created by setting whether to operate or stop. The predetermined time interval is desirably small, but the smaller the time interval, the longer the calculation time in the controller 24. In the present embodiment, the following description is made on the assumption that the predetermined time interval is one hour.

In this embodiment, since the predetermined time is 24 hours, if an operation plan base of whether the distributed generator 1 is operated or stopped is assigned every hour, all combinations of operation patterns are 2 ²⁴ = 16777216. A huge combination of streets. When the predetermined time is set to 48 hours or 72 hours, more combinations are provided.

  For this reason, there is a problem that the calculation time becomes longer as the number of combinations increases, and contrivances for reducing the number of combinations are usually made as follows. For example, the number of combinations can be reduced by limiting the number of times of power generation to one or two times a day and by setting the power generation time per power generation to three hours or more.

(4) Step S50 Step S50 will be described with reference to FIG. In the following description regarding step S50, “priority power generation time zone or power generation stop time zone” in FIG. 7 is to be read as priority power generation time zone. In step S50, the operation plan creating unit 24c determines whether or not the plurality of operation plan bases created in step S40 satisfy the condition of the priority power generation time zone. Specifically, for example, it is assumed that the operation plan creation unit 24c creates operation plan bases A to G, and that the operation plan bases A to G include information indicating the power generation time zones A to G shown in FIG. 7, respectively. I do. Among these operation plan bases, the operation plan base in which the power generation time zone includes all of the priority power generation time zones (the operation plan base adapted to the priority power generation time zone) is the operation plan base C and the operation plan base G. For this reason, the operation plan creation means 24c leaves the operation plan base C and the operation plan base G, and excludes the other operation plan bases. In this way, the operation plan creation unit 24c performs the matching determination based on the priority power generation time zone and the operation plan.

(5) Step S60 Step S60 will be described with reference to FIG. In the following description regarding step S60, “priority power generation time zone or power generation stop time zone” in FIG. 7 is to be read as power generation stop time zone. In step S60, the operation plan creation unit 24c determines whether or not the plurality of operation plan bases left in step S50 satisfy the condition of the power generation stop time zone. Specifically, for example, the operation plan bases A to G left in step S50 are the operation plan bases A to G, and the operation plan bases A to G include information indicating the power generation time zones A to G shown in FIG. 7, respectively. Suppose you have Among these operation plan bases, the operation plan base A and the operation plan base F are the operation plan bases in which the power generation time zone does not include the power generation stop time zone at all (the operation plan base suitable for the power generation stop time zone). For this reason, the operation plan creation means 24c leaves the operation plan base A and the operation plan base F, and excludes other operation plan bases. In this way, the operation plan creation unit 24c performs the adaptation determination based on the power generation stop time zone and the operation plan.

(6) Step S70 As described above, the predetermined criteria include energy saving, environmental friendliness, and economy, and any of these may be used. Hereinafter, a case where energy saving is used as the predetermined criterion will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 8A and 8B.

  As described later, in the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the processes (calculations) of steps S501 to S514 are performed at predetermined time intervals. Perform the calculation only once. That is, in the present embodiment, the predetermined time is 24 hours, and the predetermined time interval is one hour. Therefore, steps S501 to S514 in calculating a predetermined reference for a certain operation plan base. Is calculated 24 times. In these calculation processes, operation plan candidates corresponding to each operation plan base are created. The operation plan candidate of the present embodiment represents at least one time-zone transition of the power load (predicted value), the generated power (planned amount), the purchased power (planned amount), and the reverse power flow power (planned amount). is there. Specifically, the operation plan candidates of the present embodiment represent all of these time zone transitions.

  As the energy saving index, the primary energy consumption in the case where the distributed power generation device 1 is operated according to the operation plan base can be used. Among the plurality of operation plan candidates obtained in the above calculation process, the one with a small amount of use is determined to be excellent in energy saving.

  As shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the operation plan creation unit 24c of the controller 24 first calculates the amount of power generated by the distributed power generation device 1 (step S501). The time zone targeted for the operation plan base may include a power generation stop time zone. The time zone targeted for the operation plan may include a power generation suppression time zone. The time zone targeted for the operation plan may include a priority power generation time zone. The time zone targeted for the operation plan base may include a power generation permission time zone. The amount of power generation (planned value) in these time zones can be calculated as follows.

  The power generation amount during the power generation stop time zone is 0. In short, the power generation amount of the distributed power generation device 1 is 0 when the operation of the distributed power generation device 1 is stopped. The power generation amount may be 0 even in the power generation permission time zone. It should be noted that the distributed power generation device 1 requires several minutes to several hours from the start to the start of power generation, and the power generation amount during this period is also zero.

  The power generation amount in the power generation suppression time zone is the minimum power generated by the distributed power generation device 1. The amount of power generation in the power generation permission time zone may also be the minimum power generated by the distributed power generation device 1.

  In the present embodiment, when reverse power flow is permitted, in the priority power generation time period, the distributed power generation device 1 performs rated power generation regardless of the amount of power used by the power load 26, There is a case where the total value is obtained by adding a predetermined value (for example, 50 to 200 W) to the predicted power amount of the load 26. When reverse power flow is permitted, rated power generation can be performed and the amount of generated power can be made to follow the total value even during the power generation permitted time zone. As the predicted power amount of the power load 26, the past power amount of the power load 26 or the power amount measured by the first power meter 29 can be adopted. In addition, making the power generation amount follow the above-mentioned total value means that when the above-mentioned total value is not less than the minimum power generation output and not more than the maximum power generation output of the distributed generator 1, the power generation amount is made to match the above-mentioned total value, and Is smaller than the minimum power generation output of the distributed generator 1, the power generation amount is made equal to the minimum power generation output. If the total value is larger than the maximum power generation output of the distributed power generator 1, the power generation amount is set to the maximum power generation. That is to match the output.

  In the present embodiment, when reverse power flow is not permitted, in the priority power generation time period, the distributed power generation device 1 performs rated power generation irrespective of the amount of power used by the power load 26, In some cases, the power generation amount may follow a difference obtained by subtracting a predetermined margin (for example, 10 to 60 W) from the predicted power amount. The operation of causing the difference to follow the power generation amount corresponds to the load following operation. Even during the power generation permitted time period, the distributed power generation device 1 can perform rated power generation or make the power generation amount follow the difference. In the present embodiment, this margin corresponds to the minimum purchased power. By using such a margin, it is possible to reduce the risk that a reverse power flow occurs even though the reverse power flow is not permitted due to a measurement error of the first power meter 29. However, this margin can be set to zero. Note that causing the power generation amount to follow the difference means that when the difference is equal to or greater than the minimum power generation output of the distributed power generation device 1 and equal to or less than the maximum power generation output, the power generation amount is made to match the difference, and the difference is determined by the distributed power generation device. When the power generation amount is smaller than the minimum power generation output of the device 1, the power generation amount is made to match the minimum power generation output, and when the difference is larger than the maximum power generation output of the distributed power generation device 1, the power generation amount is made to match the maximum power generation output. (Including the case where the margin is 0).

  Next, the operation plan creation unit 24c calculates the reverse flow power amount, the power amount supplied to the reverse flow prevention heater 8, and the purchased power amount from the predicted power amount of the power load 26 and the power generation amount of the distributed power generation device 1. (Step S502).

  When the reverse power flow is permitted and the power generation amount of the distributed power generation device 1 is larger than the predicted power amount of the power load 26, the reverse power flow power amount = the power generation amount of the distributed power generation device 1-the predicted power amount of the power load 26. , The amount of power supplied to the reverse power flow prevention heater 8 = 0, and the amount of purchased power = 0. When the reverse power flow is permitted and the power generation amount of the distributed power generation device 1 is equal to or less than the predicted power amount of the power load 26, the reverse power flow amount = 0, the power amount supplied to the reverse flow prevention heater 8 = 0. , The purchased power amount = the predicted power amount of the power load 26−the power generation amount of the distributed power generation device 1.

  If the reverse power flow is not permitted and the power generation amount of the distributed power generation device 1 is larger than the difference obtained by subtracting the margin (minimum purchased power) from the predicted power amount of the power load 26, the reverse power flow power amount = 0, The amount of power supplied to the tide prevention heater 8 = the amount of power generated by the distributed power generation device 1-(the predicted amount of power of the power load 26-margin), and the amount of purchased power = margin. If the reverse power flow is not permitted and the power generation amount of the distributed power generation device 1 is equal to or less than the difference obtained by subtracting the margin from the predicted power amount of the power load 26, the reverse power flow amount = 0 and the reverse power flow prevention heater 8 The supplied power amount = 0, the purchased power amount = the predicted power amount of the power load 26−the power generation amount of the distributed power generation device 1.

  Next, the operation plan creating unit 24c calculates the power generation efficiency and the heat recovery efficiency (Step S503). The power generation efficiency and the heat recovery efficiency are values that change depending on the amount of power generated by the distributed power generation device 1, and are values unique to the distributed power generation device 1. For this reason, the values of the power generation efficiency and the heat recovery efficiency with respect to the power generation amount of the distributed power generation device 1 are stored in the controller 24 in advance, and the operation plan creating unit 24c calculates the power generation efficiency and the heat recovery efficiency from these values. Can be calculated.

  Next, the operation plan creation unit 24c calculates the heat recovery amount (Step S504). Specifically, the heat recovery amount is (power generation amount of distributed power generation device 1) × (heat recovery efficiency of distributed power generation device 1) １ (power generation efficiency of distributed power generation device 1) × (predetermined time interval ( Here, one hour)) + (the amount of power supplied to the reverse power flow prevention heater 8) × (heater efficiency). Note that the heater efficiency is a value unique to the distributed power generation device 1, and is, for example, about 0.9.

  Next, the operation plan creation unit 24c calculates the amount of heat lost due to heat radiation in the pipe 8 (hereinafter, referred to as pipe heat loss) (Step S505). The pipe heat dissipation loss can be calculated by heat recovery amount × pipe heat dissipation loss coefficient. Here, the pipe radiation loss coefficient will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 9 shows a pipe radiation loss coefficient in the case where a domestic polymer electrolyte fuel cell is used as the distributed power generation device 1, and an actual measurement in a case where the distributed power generation system 100 is installed in a certain home. Indicates the value.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the pipe heat dissipation loss coefficient has a larger value as the outside air temperature is lower, and has a larger value as the power generation amount of the distributed power generation device 1 is smaller. This is for the following reason.

  Normally, the temperature of the heat medium w in the pipe 9 becomes constant at the outlet portion of the distributed power generation device 1 (the portion where the heat medium w is discharged from the distributed power generation device 1 to the pipe 9; the upstream end of the pipe 9b). Thus, the flow rate is controlled. For this reason, the flow rate of the heat medium w decreases as the amount of power generated by the distributed power generation device 1 decreases, and the heat medium w remains in the pipe 9, so that the radiation loss coefficient increases.

  As described above, the pipe radiation loss coefficient changes depending on the outside air temperature or the amount of power generated by the distributed power generation device 1. For this reason, the operation plan creating means 24c may store the data of FIG. 9 in the controller 24 in advance, perform linear interpolation based on the power generation amount and the outside air temperature, and calculate the pipe radiation loss coefficient. In addition, when the distributed power generation device 1 is installed, the operation plan creation unit 24c may actually measure the pipe radiation loss coefficient, store the measured value in the controller 24, and use the measured value. Further, when actual measurement or prediction is difficult, a general value may be set as the pipe heat dissipation loss coefficient.

  Next, the operation plan creation unit 24c calculates the amount of heat lost due to heat radiation in the hot water storage tank 10 (hereinafter, referred to as hot water storage tank heat radiation loss) (step S506). The hot water storage tank heat dissipation loss can be calculated by (heat storage amount of hot water storage tank 10) × (hot water storage tank heat dissipation loss coefficient) × (predetermined time interval (here, one hour)). The heat loss coefficient of the hot water storage tank is a value unique to the hot water storage tank 10, is obtained in advance from an experiment or the like, and is stored in the controller 24. The heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 10 uses the heat storage amount calculated in the previous step S508. Further, in the case where step S506 is first processed in a certain operation plan base, the heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 10 is calculated based on the capacity of the hot water storage tank 10 and the temperatures detected by the temperature detectors 17 to 22. I do.

  Next, the operation plan creation unit 24c calculates the amount of heat of the heat medium w supplied from the hot water storage tank 10 to the heat load 32 and the amount of heat of the backup boiler 11 (Step S507). When the heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 10 is equal to or larger than the predicted heat amount of the heat load 32, the heat amount of the heat medium w supplied from the hot water storage tank 10 to the heat load 32 is equal to the predicted heat amount of the heat load 32, and the heating amount of the backup boiler 11 Becomes 0. On the other hand, when the heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 10 is smaller than the predicted heat amount of the heat load 32, the heat amount of the heat medium w supplied from the hot water storage tank 10 to the heat load 32 is equal to the heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 10. The difference between the predicted amount of heat and the amount of heat of the heat medium w supplied from the hot water storage tank 10 to the heat load 32 is the amount of heat of the backup boiler 11. Note that the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank 10 uses the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank 10 calculated in the previous step S508, as in step S506.

Next, the operation plan creating means 24c calculates the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank 10 after the heat medium is supplied from the hot water storage tank 10 to the heat load 32 (hereinafter, referred to as the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank 10 after tapping) (step). S508). Specifically, the heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 10 after tapping is (heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 10) − (heat amount of the heat medium w supplied from the hot water storage tank 10 to the heat load 32).
+ (Heat recovery amount)-(pipe heat radiation loss)-(hot water tank heat radiation loss). Note that the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank 10 uses the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank 10 calculated in the previous step S508, as in step S506. Further, the heat storage amount of hot water storage tank 10 calculated here becomes the heat storage amount of hot water storage tank 10 at the next predetermined time interval.

  Next, the operation plan creation unit 24c calculates the fuel consumption of the distributed power generation device 1 (Step S509). Specifically, the fuel consumption of the distributed generator 1 is (power generation of the distributed generator 1) ÷ (power generation efficiency of the distributed generator 1) × (predetermined time interval (here, one hour) ) Can be calculated.

  Next, the operation plan creating unit 24c calculates the fuel consumption of the backup boiler 11 (Step S510). Specifically, the fuel consumption of the backup boiler 11 can be calculated by (heating amount of the backup boiler 11) / (efficiency of the backup boiler 11). The efficiency of the backup boiler 11 is a value unique to the backup boiler 11 and is obtained in advance from an experiment or the like and stored in the controller 24.

  Next, the operation plan creating unit 24c determines whether the hot water storage tank 10 is in a full storage state (step S511). Here, the full storage state refers to a state where the heat generated by the power generation unit 2 cannot be absorbed by the heat medium w. Specifically, it refers to a state in which the heat medium w flowing through the pipe 9 cannot receive heat from the cooling water c in which the heat generated in the power generation unit 2 is recovered in the heat exchanger 6.

  Specifically, the operation plan creating unit 24c determines that the hot water storage tank 10 is full when the heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 10 after hot water exceeds the maximum heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 10. The maximum heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 10 can be calculated by {(tank temperature at full storage) − (supply water temperature)} × (hot water storage tank capacity) × (specific heat).

  In this example, when the hot water storage tank 10 is full, the controller 24 forcibly stops the decentralized power generation device 1 even if the operation plan indicates that the distributed power generation device 1 is to be operated. Such a technique of forcibly stopping can be suitably adopted when there is no radiator for radiating heat of the heat medium w.

  In another example, controller 24 radiates the heat of heat medium w by the radiator when hot water storage tank 10 is full. The radiator can be attached to the pipe 9, for example. When the power generation unit 2 is a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), there are severe restrictions on the number of power generations. In this case, such a radiator is suitably provided. Also, when the power generation unit 2 is a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), the number of times of power generation may be severely restricted due to the reformer. Also in this case, such a radiator is suitably provided. If a radiator is present, the radiator heat dissipation and radiator power consumption (expected value) are calculated. The radiator heat release amount when the hot water storage tank 10 is full can be calculated by the heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 10-the maximum heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 10. The radiator power consumption can be calculated by radiator heat release amount / radiator efficiency. The radiator efficiency (W / W) is the amount of heat that can be radiated with 1 W of electric power, is a value specific to the radiator efficiency (for example, 30 W / W), and is stored in the controller 24. When the hot water storage tank 10 is not fully charged, the radiator heat release amount and the radiator power consumption are zero.

  The distributed power generation system 100 supplies hot water (heat medium w) in the tank 10 when the heat storage amount of the tank 10 reaches the maximum heat storage amount while the distributed power generation system 100 is generating power according to the schedule of the priority power generation time zone. You may comprise so that it may stretch to a bathtub.

  Next, the operation plan creation unit 24c calculates the power consumption and the fuel consumption during the start-up operation of the distributed power generation device 1 (Step S512). The start-up operation of the distributed power generation device 1 is performed when the distributed power generation device 1 switches from the power generation stop state (standby state) to the power generation operation based on the operation plan, and is performed until the distributed power generation device 1 becomes capable of generating power. Consumes power and fuel. This value is a value unique to the distributed power generation device 1 and is stored in the controller 24 in advance.

  Next, the operation plan creating unit 24c calculates the power consumption and the fuel consumption during the stop operation of the distributed power generation device 1 (Step S513). The stop operation of the distributed power generation device 1 is performed when the operation is shifted from the power generation operation of the distributed power generation device 1 to the standby state and when the hot water storage tank 10 becomes full and the distributed power generation device 1 is forcibly stopped. It is performed when it is done. The power consumption and the fuel consumption during the stop operation of the distributed power generation device 1 are also values unique to the distributed power generation device 1 and are stored in the controller 24 in advance.

  Next, the operation plan creation unit 24c calculates the power consumption of the distributed power generation device 1 during standby (standby state) (step S514). The power consumption during the standby time of the distributed power generation device 1 is a value unique to the distributed power generation device 1 and is stored in the controller 24 in advance.

  Next, the operation plan creation unit 24c determines whether the calculation has been performed up to a predetermined time ahead (step S515). If the calculation up to the predetermined time period has not been completed (No in step S515), the operation plan creating unit 24c returns to step S501 (step S517), and continues until the calculation up to the predetermined time period ends. Steps S501 to S515 are repeated. If there is a radiator, the calculation of the radiator heat dissipation and the radiator power consumption is repeated.

  On the other hand, at the point in time when the calculation is completed up to a predetermined time ahead (Yes in step S515), an operation plan candidate is created (see FIG. 11; FIG. 11 shows an operation plan selected from the operation plan candidates). Shown).

  If the calculation is completed up to a predetermined time (Yes in step S515), the process proceeds to step S516. Here, a method of calculating the total value of the power purchase amount and the total value of the reverse flow power amount used in the calculation in step S516 will be described.

  When the radiator does not exist, the total value [Wh] of the purchased amount is {(purchased power [W]) + (standby power consumption [W])} × (predetermined time interval [h] (here, 1 hour)) + {(power consumption at start-up operation [Wh]) + (power consumption at stop-operation [Wh])}. The total value [Wh] of the power purchase amount when a radiator is present is {(purchased power [W]) + radiator power consumption [W] + (standby power consumption [W])} × (predetermined time Interval [h] (here, one hour)) + {(power consumption at start operation [Wh]) + (power consumption at stop operation [Wh])}.

  The total value [Wh] of the amount of power flowing backward can be calculated by Σ (reverse power [W]) × (predetermined time interval [h] (here, one hour)). The total value of the fuel consumption is {(fuel consumption of the distributed generator 1) + (fuel consumption of the backup boiler 11) + (fuel consumption at start-up) + (fuel consumption at stop)}. Can be calculated. Here, Σ indicates integration in a predetermined time (24 hours in the present embodiment).

  In the example of FIG. 8B, in step S516, the controller 24 calculates the primary energy usage. The primary energy consumption can be calculated by {(total power purchase)-(reverse power flow power)} (power plant efficiency) + (total fuel consumption).

  Note that the power plant efficiency is a comprehensive power plant efficiency including a power transmission loss in the system power supply 25 and the like. Since this value varies depending on the power plant in the country or region where the distributed power generation system 100 is installed and the power transmission network, a value suitable for the installation location of the distributed power generation system 100 may be used. For example, 0.369 may be used as the power plant efficiency.

  As described above, the operation plan creating unit 24c performs the predetermined operation for each operation plan based on at least the power load data (the amount of power consumed by the power load 26) and the heat load data (the amount of heat consumed by the heat load 32). Calculate the primary energy consumption at the time of. In the calculation process, a corresponding operation plan candidate is created. Then, in step S80 (see FIG. 5), the operation plan candidate that is the best criterion is selected as the operation plan. Thereby, it is possible to determine whether or not to generate power in the distributed power generation device 1 based on the load data in a time period other than the restricted time period in the predetermined time period. Further, it is possible to obtain an operation plan including information on the power load (predicted value), the generated power (planned amount), the purchased power (planned amount), and the reverse power flow power (planned amount).

As a predetermined criterion, utility costs can be used instead of the primary energy usage. The utility cost [yen] is (total power purchase value [kWh]) x (electricity unit price [yen / kWh])-(reverse power flow power amount [kWh]) x (electricity unit price [yen / kWh]) + ( Fuel consumption [m ³ ]) × (fuel unit price [yen / m ³ ]). The fuel consumption [m ³ ] is calculated by (fuel consumption [Wh]) {1000 × 3.6} (fuel calorific value [MJ / m ³ ] (for city gas, for example, 45 MJ / m ³ )). can do. In one example, the unit price of electricity and the unit price of electricity can be set by a remote controller or HEMS inside or outside the distributed power generation system 100. In another example, the unit price of electricity and the unit price of electricity can be acquired from the HEMS server 200. When the power sale unit price changes depending on the time zone, the power sale unit price for each time zone can be received from the server 200 and the utility cost can be calculated.

As the predetermined criterion, a CO ₂ emission amount can be used instead of the primary energy consumption amount. CO ₂ emissions [kg-CO _2], the ((power purchase amount total value [kWh]) - (backward flow power amount [kWh])) × (power CO ₂ conversion factor _{[kg-CO 2 / kWh]} ) + It can be calculated by (fuel consumption [m ³ ]) × (fuel CO ₂ emission basic unit [kg−CO ₂ / m ³ ]).

Primary energy consumption is an index of energy conservation. It can be said that the smaller the primary energy consumption, the better the energy saving. The utility cost is an indicator of economic efficiency. It can be said that the smaller the utility cost, the better the economy. The amount of CO ₂ emission is an indicator of environmental characteristics. It can be said that the smaller the CO ₂ emission, the better the environmental performance.

In short, the distributed power generation system 100 creates a plurality of operation plan candidates that can be adopted as the operation plan transmitted to the server 200, and among the plurality of operation plan candidates, the one with the predetermined reference being the best is defined as the operation plan. Can be selected. Specifically, the distributed power generation system 100 can select, from among a plurality of operation plan candidates, a system with the best energy saving, economical, or environmental performance as the operation plan. More specifically, the distributed power generation system 100 is one of a plurality of operation plan candidates in which the primary energy usage in the distributed power generation system 100 is the smallest and the utility cost of the distributed power generation system 100 is the smallest. Alternatively, a system that minimizes the amount of CO ₂ emission of the distributed power generation system 100 can be selected as an operation plan.

  The distributed power generation system 100 may include a display device. The display device can be included in a remote control, HEMS.

  The display device may perform a predetermined display when the distributed power generation system 100 performs an operation that satisfies the constraint condition (the constraint condition given by the power adjustment command) in the constraint time zone. When the distributed power generation system 100 has such a display device, the owner of the distributed power generation system 100 restricts the power generation of the distributed power generation system 100 by the power adjustment command by looking at the display device. You can easily know that.

  In addition, the display device displays all or a part of the operation plan, the transmission plan, the restricted time zone, the priority power generation time zone, the power generation stop time zone, the power generation suppression time zone, the fact that reverse power flow operation is being performed, the load following operation, May be indicated, or an incentive or the like acquired or expected to be acquired by the owner of the distributed power generation system 100.

[Specific examples of power adjustment command and operation plan]
Specific examples of the power adjustment command and the operation plan will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of information represented by the power adjustment command. In order to facilitate understanding, in the specific example of FIG. 10, the restricted time zone of the power adjustment command is directly reflected in the operation plan.

  In the example of FIG. 10, the power adjustment command includes information indicating that the midnight time zone in which the power load is small and the time zone (0:00 to 10:00) in which the solar cells generate power in the morning are set as the power generation permission time zone. . The power adjustment command includes information indicating that a daytime time zone (10:00 to 14:00) in which the amount of power generated by the solar cell is large is set as a power generation stop time zone. The power adjustment command includes information indicating that a time zone (14:00 to 18:00) in which the amount of power generation of the solar cell is reduced is set as a power generation permission time zone. The power adjustment command includes information that a time zone (18:00 to 0:00) in which the solar battery does not generate power and power is insufficient is set as a priority power generation time zone. The power adjustment command includes an unforced proposal to cause the distributed power generation system 100 to perform the load following operation in the two power generation permission time zones. The power adjustment command includes a compulsory instruction to cause the distributed power generation system 100 to perform reverse power flow operation during the priority power generation time zone.

  Based on the power adjustment command, the distributed power generation system 100 creates an operation plan shown in FIG. In this example, since the power generation unit 2 is a fuel cell (FC), the expression “planned FC power generation amount” is used in FIG.

  As understood from FIG. 11, this operation plan indicates that the distributed power generation system 100 performs the load following operation at 0:00 to 8:00 and 15:00 to 18:00. These time zones are some but not all of the power generation permission time zones in FIG. This means that the distributed power generation system 100 has made a plan not to follow the power adjustment command and not perform the load following operation in the rest of the power generation permission time zone.

  On the other hand, this operation plan indicates that the power generation of the distributed power generation system 100 is stopped from 8:00 to 15:00 (the planned FC power generation amount is set to zero). This time zone includes all the power generation stop time zones (10:00 to 14:00) in FIG. Further, this operation plan indicates that the distributed power generation system 100 performs reverse power flow operation at 18:00 to 0:00. This time zone includes all of the priority power generation time zones in FIG. That is, the operation plan of FIG. 11 means that the distributed power generation system 100 is operated in accordance with the power adjustment command in all the time zones of the restricted time zone (the power generation stop time zone and the priority power generation time zone).

  In addition, the column of 0:00 in FIG. 11 represents the predicted power load value, the estimated FC power generation amount, the purchased power, and the reverse power flow power in the time zone from 0:00 to 1:00. The same applies to other time zones.

  When the transmission plans that are all or a part of such an operation plan are collected in the HEMS server 200, a plurality of transmission plans collected in the HEMS server 200 can be totaled. As a result, it is possible to obtain a total value of the predicted power load value, the estimated FC power generation amount, the purchased power, and the reverse power flow power for each time zone (every hour in the example of FIG. 11). The tally value of the transition of the FC power generation scheduled amount for each time period corresponds to the expected value of the total power generation time period transition.

  From the above description, many modifications and other embodiments of the technology according to the present disclosure are apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the above description should be construed as illustrative only, and is provided for the purpose of teaching those skilled in the art the best mode of carrying out the technology according to the present disclosure. The details of the structure and / or function can be substantially changed without departing from the gist of the technology according to the present disclosure. In addition, various techniques can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of components disclosed in the above embodiments.

  The technology according to the above-described embodiment creates information on the amount of power generation of a plurality of distributed power generation systems, which reflects the intentions of the owners of the plurality of distributed power generation systems and external requests, and generates the information. Is collected in a device external to the distributed power generation system. The distributed power generation system according to the above embodiment can be used as power generation equipment for load leveling. In addition, even if such a system is used (even if an external request is reflected in the operation plan of the distributed power generation system), it is possible to prevent the comfort and convenience of the owner of the distributed power generation system from being significantly impaired.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 distributed power generation device 2 power generation unit 3 inverter 4 pump 5 cooling water pipe 6 heat exchanger 7 pump 8 reverse flow prevention heater 9 pipe 9a pipe 9b pipe 9c pipe 9d pipe 10 hot water storage tank 11 backup boiler 12 temperature detector 13 temperature detection 14 Flow detector 15 Supply path 16 Hot water supply path 17 Temperature detector 18 Temperature detector 19 Temperature detector 20 Temperature detector 21 Temperature detector 22 Temperature detector 23 Three-way valve 24 Controller 24a Solar cell detection means 24b Priority time Band determination means 24c Operation plan creation means 24d Power generation control means 25 System power supply 26 Power load 29 First power meter 30 Second power meter 32 Heat load 33 Electric cable 34 Electric cable 35 Electric cable 36 Electric cable 100 Distributed power generation system 200 HEMS server (fuel Battery server)
Reference Signs List 300 power management device 400 power management system 500 power transmission and distribution business 600 renewable energy power generation business 700 power generation business 800 retail power business

Claims (10)

A power management system including a power management device, a first server, and a plurality of distributed power generation systems,
The power management device receives at least one power generation amount adjustment request from outside the power management device, generates a power adjustment command using the power generation amount adjustment request, and transmits the power adjustment command via the first server. Transmitting to the plurality of distributed power generation systems,
The plurality of distributed power generation systems create a response using the power adjustment command, transmit the response to the first server ,
The plurality of distributed power generation systems create an operation plan using the power adjustment command,
The response includes a transmission plan that is at least a part of the operation plan,
The first server, by summing up the plurality of transmission plans collected, specifies a prospective value of a time zone transition of the total power generation amount of the plurality of distributed power generation systems,
The first server transmits the expected value to the power management device,
The power management device determines whether the expected value matches the power generation amount adjustment request,
When the power management device determines that the expected value is compatible with the power generation amount adjustment request, the power management device issues an instruction to execute the transmission plan to the plurality of distributed power generation systems via the first server. Transmit , power management system. A power management system including a power management device, a first server, and a plurality of distributed power generation systems,
The power management device receives at least one power generation amount adjustment request from outside the power management device, generates a power adjustment command using the power generation amount adjustment request, and transmits the power adjustment command via the first server. Transmitting to the plurality of distributed power generation systems,
The plurality of distributed power generation systems create a response using the power adjustment command, transmit the response to the first server,
The plurality of distributed power generation systems create an operation plan using the power adjustment command,
The response includes a transmission plan that is at least a part of the operation plan,
The power adjustment command includes information indicating a restricted time zone,
The transmission plan includes a plan for the restricted time period,
The constraint time zone plan satisfies the constraint conditions given by the power adjustment command,
The constraint time zone includes at least one selected from a priority power generation time zone, a power generation stop time zone, and a power generation suppression time zone,
When the constraint time zone includes the priority power generation time zone, the constraint time zone plan includes the priority power generation time zone plan,
When the constraint time zone includes the power generation stop time zone, the plan of the constraint time zone includes a plan of the power generation stop time zone,
When the constraint time zone includes the power generation suppression time zone, the plan of the constraint time zone includes a plan of the power generation suppression time zone,
The constraint condition satisfied by the plan of the priority power generation time zone is to cause the distributed power generation system to generate power in preference to other time zones in the priority power generation time zone,
The constraint condition satisfied by the plan of the power generation stop time zone is to stop power generation of the distributed power generation system in the power generation stop time zone,
Wherein the constraints plan power generation suppression time zone satisfies, the in power generation suppression time zone is that to power the distributed generation system at a predetermined minimum power output, power management system. A power management system including a power management device, a first server, and a plurality of distributed power generation systems,
The power management device receives at least one power generation amount adjustment request from outside the power management device, generates a power adjustment command using the power generation amount adjustment request, and transmits the power adjustment command via the first server. Transmitting to the plurality of distributed power generation systems,
The plurality of distributed power generation systems create a response using the power adjustment command, transmit the response to the first server,
The plurality of distributed power generation systems create an operation plan using the power adjustment command,
The response includes a transmission plan that is at least a part of the operation plan,
The power adjustment command includes information indicating a restricted time zone,
The transmission plan includes a plan for the restricted time period,
The constraint time zone plan satisfies the constraint conditions given by the power adjustment command,
The constraint time zone includes a priority power generation time zone,
The constraint time zone plan includes the priority power generation time zone plan,
The constraint condition that the plan of the priority power generation time zone is satisfied is that, in the priority power generation time zone, the distributed power generation system performs reverse power flow operation or load following operation,
The reverse power flow operation of the distributed power generation system is an operation of causing the power generated by the distributed power generation system to flow backward to a system power supply,
The load following operation of the distributed power generation system is operated to follow the amount obtained by subtracting a predetermined margin from the consumption or the consumption of the amount of power generated by the distributed power generation system with power load, electrostatic Power management system. The power management system according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the distributed power generation system is a cogeneration system . The power management system according to claim 4 , wherein the cogeneration system is a fuel cell system that generates power and heat using a fuel cell. (I) the first server is a HEMS server, or
(Ii) The distributed power generation system includes a fuel cell having a control board built therein. The control board has a HEMS function and is responsible for creating the operation plan. The first server is a fuel cell server. is there,
The power management system according to claim 1. A power management device receiving at least one power generation amount adjustment request from outside the power management device;
The power management device generates a power adjustment command using the power generation amount adjustment request,
The power management device transmits the power adjustment command to a plurality of distributed power generation systems via a first server;
A plurality of the distributed power generation systems, using the power adjustment command, create an operation plan, and create a response including a transmission plan that is at least a part of the operation plan;
A plurality of the distributed power generation systems transmitting the response to the first server;
The first server, by totalizing the plurality of transmission plans collected, to specify a prospective value of the time zone transition of the total power generation amount of the plurality of distributed power generation systems,
The first server transmitting the expected value to the power management apparatus;
The power management device, a step of determining whether the expected value matches the power generation amount adjustment request,
When the power management device determines that the expected value is compatible with the power generation amount adjustment request, the power management device transmits the transmission plan execution instruction to the plurality of distributed power generation systems via the first server. And a power management method. A power management device receiving at least one power generation amount adjustment request from outside the power management device;
The power management apparatus generates a power adjustment command using the power generation amount adjustment request, and wherein the power adjustment command includes information indicating a restricted time zone.
The power management device transmits the power adjustment command to a plurality of distributed power generation systems via a first server;
A plurality of the distributed power generation systems, using the power adjustment command, create an operation plan and create a response including a transmission plan that is at least a part of the operation plan; The plan includes a plan for the restricted time period, and the plan for the restricted time period satisfies a constraint condition given by the power adjustment command.
Transmitting the response to the first server by the plurality of distributed power generation systems,
The constraint time zone includes at least one selected from a priority power generation time zone, a power generation stop time zone, and a power generation suppression time zone,
When the constraint time zone includes the priority power generation time zone, the plan of the constraint time zone includes a plan of the priority power generation time zone,
When the constraint time zone includes the power generation stop time zone, the plan of the constraint time zone includes a plan of the power generation stop time zone,
When the constraint time zone includes the power generation suppression time zone, the plan of the constraint time zone includes a plan of the power generation suppression time zone,
The constraint condition satisfied by the plan of the priority power generation time zone is to cause the distributed power generation system to generate power in preference to other time zones in the priority power generation time zone,
The constraint condition satisfied by the plan of the power generation stop time zone is to stop power generation of the distributed power generation system in the power generation stop time zone,
The power management method, wherein the constraint condition satisfied by the plan of the power generation suppression time zone is to cause the distributed power generation system to generate power at a predetermined minimum power generation output in the power generation suppression time zone. A power management device receiving at least one power generation amount adjustment request from outside the power management device;
The power management apparatus generates a power adjustment command using the power generation amount adjustment request, and wherein the power adjustment command includes information indicating a restricted time zone.
The power management device transmits the power adjustment command to a plurality of distributed power generation systems via a first server;
A plurality of the distributed power generation systems, using the power adjustment command, creating an operation plan, and creating a response including a transmission plan that is at least a part of the operation plan; The plan includes a plan for the restricted time period, and the plan for the restricted time period satisfies a constraint condition given by the power adjustment command.
Transmitting the response to the first server by the plurality of distributed power generation systems,
The constraint time zone includes a priority power generation time zone,
The constraint time zone plan includes the priority power generation time zone plan,
The constraint condition that is satisfied by the plan of the priority power generation time zone is that in the priority power generation time zone,
The decentralized power generation system performs reverse power flow operation or load following operation,
The reverse power flow operation of the distributed power generation system is an operation of causing the power generated by the distributed power generation system to flow backward to a system power supply,
The load following operation of the distributed power generation system is an operation of following the amount of power generated by the distributed power generation system to the amount of power consumed by the power load or the amount obtained by subtracting a predetermined margin from the amount of power consumption. Management method. (I) the first server is a HEMS server, or
(Ii) The distributed power generation system includes a fuel cell having a control board built therein. The control board has a HEMS function and is responsible for creating the operation plan. The first server is a fuel cell server. is there,
The power management method according to claim 7.

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