JP2007054833A - Granular activated carbon for removing pcb - Google Patents

Granular activated carbon for removing pcb Download PDF

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JP2007054833A
JP2007054833A JP2006310900A JP2006310900A JP2007054833A JP 2007054833 A JP2007054833 A JP 2007054833A JP 2006310900 A JP2006310900 A JP 2006310900A JP 2006310900 A JP2006310900 A JP 2006310900A JP 2007054833 A JP2007054833 A JP 2007054833A
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activated carbon
pcb
granular activated
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pore volume
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Tatsuo Fujii
達夫 藤井
Isao Hamazaki
功 濱崎
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Japan Enviro Chemicals Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide granular activated carbon which removes hazardous substances from PCB-containing exhaust gas very efficiently in a short time. <P>SOLUTION: The granular activated carbon satisfies expression; 75<(S-500)/20+MPR [wherein, S is BET specific surface area (m<SP>2</SP>/g); MPR is micropore volume ratio (pore volume of ≤1.6 nm/pore volume of ≤20 nm×100)]. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、PCBを含有する排気ガスから、これらの有害物質を短時間で、かつ非常に効率よく除去する粒状活性炭に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a granular activated carbon that removes these harmful substances from an exhaust gas containing PCB in a short time and very efficiently.

PCBは、化学的、熱的に安定であり、金属の腐食性も少なく、沸点が高く、不燃性で絶縁性も高いという性質を有している。これらの特徴を生かし、PCBは、トランス・コンデンサー等の絶縁油、熱媒体、感熱紙、潤滑油、可塑剤、塗料等に用いられてきた。
しかし、PCBは、昭和43年に発生したカネミ油症事件でその毒性が社会問題化し、昭和47年に生産、販売の中止、回収、保管の行政指導がなされ、昭和49年には、「化学物質の審査及び製造等の規制に関する法律(化審法)」により製造、輸入、及び新たな使用が原則禁止された。しかしながら、約30年間に及ぶ保管に伴い、紛失、漏出、事故等の事例が報告され、環境汚染が懸念されている。
PCBs are chemically and thermally stable, have low metal corrosivity, high boiling point, nonflammability and high insulation properties. Taking advantage of these features, PCBs have been used in insulating oils such as transformers and capacitors, heat media, thermal paper, lubricating oils, plasticizers, paints, and the like.
However, the PCB was affected by the Kanemi oil symptom incident in 1968, and its toxicity became a social problem.In 1972, administrative guidance was given for production, sales suspension, recovery, and storage. In principle, manufacturing, imports, and new uses are prohibited by the Law Concerning Regulations for Examination and Manufacturing (Chemical Examination Law). However, accompanying storage for about 30 years, cases of loss, leakage, accidents, etc. have been reported, and there are concerns about environmental pollution.

国内でのPCB処理に関しては、廃棄物処理法により焼却処理、化学処理が認可されている。昭和62年から平成元年にわたり、鐘淵化学工業(株)において液状PCB 5500トンの高熱焼却処理が行われた。その後、バッチ確認が出来ない、燃焼ガスが発生する等の理由により、地域住民の了承を得られず、この方式でのPCB処理設備は稼動していない。
一方、化学方式に関しては、10種類以上の方式が認可され、自家処理および環境事業団による処理設備において採用がなされている。
平成28年度までにすべてのPCB廃棄物の処理を終える為に、現在環境事業団が計画しているPCB処理施設を始めとし、各電力会社、JR等の自家処理設備も続々と計画されている。
しかし、各工程およびその付帯設備おける換気・排気には、僅かながらもPCBが含まれており、これらを除去する処理手段がなお解決されていない。
PCBの除去に活性炭を使用した例(特許文献1)があるが、そこには活性炭自身の特性に関しては、何の規定もされていない。
また、都市ゴミ焼却炉から排出されるダイオキシン類を含む高温ガスを除去する方法(特許文献2及び3)も提案されているが、これらは、粉末活性炭を焼却炉の煙道に噴霧して除去する方法に関するものであり、圧力損失の問題からこの粉末活性炭を固定床で使用することは困難である。
特開昭49-122895号公報 特開平11-57389号公報 特開平11-244658号公報
For domestic PCB processing, incineration and chemical processing are approved by the Waste Management Law. From 1987 to 1989, Kaneka Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. conducted high-temperature incineration of 5500 tons of liquid PCB. Since then, the batch processing cannot be confirmed and combustion gas is generated. For this reason, local residents cannot obtain approval and the PCB processing equipment in this method is not in operation.
On the other hand, more than 10 types of chemical methods have been approved and adopted in in-house treatment and treatment facilities by the Environmental Agency.
In order to complete the disposal of all PCB waste by 2016, in-house treatment facilities such as each electric power company and JR are planned one after another, including the PCB treatment facility currently planned by the Environmental Agency. .
However, a slight amount of PCB is contained in the ventilation and exhaust in each process and its ancillary equipment, and a processing means for removing these has not been solved yet.
There is an example of using activated carbon to remove PCB (Patent Document 1), but there is no provision regarding the characteristics of the activated carbon itself.
Moreover, although the method (patent documents 2 and 3) which removes the high temperature gas containing dioxins discharged | emitted from a municipal waste incinerator is proposed, these are removed by spraying powdered activated carbon on the flue of an incinerator. Therefore, it is difficult to use this powdered activated carbon in a fixed bed due to the problem of pressure loss.
JP 49-122895 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-57389 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-244658

上記事情のもと、近年、上述のPCB処理設備を施工するにあたり、より短い接触時間で、さらに効率良く、PCBを除去できる高機能化された活性炭、特に固定床において比較的低温の排ガス中に含まれるPCBを除去するために適した活性炭が強く求められている。   Under the circumstances, in recent years, when constructing the above-mentioned PCB treatment equipment, highly functional activated carbon that can remove PCB more efficiently with shorter contact time, especially in the relatively low temperature exhaust gas in the fixed bed There is a strong need for activated carbon suitable for removing contained PCBs.

そこで、本発明者は、上記の問題点を解決すべく、鋭意検討を重ねた結果、活性炭細孔の容積比率と比表面積がある一定の条件を満たす時に、非常に短い接触時間であるのに拘わらず、非常に高いPCB除去性能を有することを見出した。
即ち、本発明の要旨は次の通りである。
(1) 以下の式を満たすことを特徴とするPCB除去用粒状活性炭。
75<(S−500)/20 + MPR
但し、
S:BET比表面積(m2/g)
MPR:ミクロポア容積率 (1.6nm以下の細孔容積/20nm以下の細孔容積 ×100)
を示す。
2.原料がヤシ殻であることを特徴とする上記(1)記載の粒状活性炭。
3.(1)記載の活性炭で、処理ガス温度が80℃以下のPCB含有ガスを処理することを特徴とするPCBの処理方法。
Therefore, as a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor has a very short contact time when a certain ratio of the volume ratio of the activated carbon pores and the specific surface area is satisfied. Nevertheless, it has been found that it has very high PCB removal performance.
That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows.
(1) Granular activated carbon for PCB removal characterized by satisfying the following formula.
75 <(S−500) / 20 + MPR
However,
S: BET specific surface area (m 2 / g)
MPR: Micropore volume ratio (pore volume of 1.6 nm or less / pore volume of 20 nm or less x 100)
Indicates.
2. The granular activated carbon according to (1) above, wherein the raw material is coconut shell.
3. A method for treating PCB, comprising treating the PCB-containing gas having a treatment gas temperature of 80 ° C. or less with the activated carbon described in (1).

本発明に使用される原料炭は、通常の活性炭原料として用いられる炭素源であればどのようなものでもよく、たとえば、木材、木紛、ヤシ殻、パルプ製造時の副産物、バカス、廃糖蜜、泥炭、亜炭、褐炭、瀝青炭、無煙炭、石油蒸留残渣成分、石油ピッチ、コークス、コールタールなどの植物系原料や化石系原料、フェノール樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、酢酸ビニル樹脂、メラミン樹脂、尿素樹脂、レゾルシノール樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂などの各種合成樹脂、ポリブチレン、ポリブタジエン、ポリクロロプレンなどの合成ゴム、その他合成木材、合成パルプなどを炭化したものがあげられる。
これらの活性炭原料の中では、木材、木紛、ヤシ殻等の木質系原料および褐炭、瀝青炭、無煙炭等の石炭が好ましく用いられる。
また、1.6nm以下の細孔に富む活性炭を得るのに適しているヤシ殻が、更に好ましく用いられる。
Coking charcoal used in the present invention may be any carbon source as long as it is used as a normal activated carbon raw material, for example, wood, wood powder, coconut shell, by-product during pulp production, bacus, molasses, Peat, lignite, lignite, bituminous coal, anthracite, petroleum distillation residue components, petroleum pitch, coke, coal tar and other plant-based materials and fossil-based materials, phenol resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, melamine resin, urea resin, resorcinol Various synthetic resins such as resins and polyamide resins, synthetic rubbers such as polybutylene, polybutadiene, and polychloroprene, and other carbonized synthetic woods and synthetic pulps.
Among these activated carbon raw materials, woody raw materials such as wood, wood powder, and coconut shells, and coals such as lignite, bituminous coal, and anthracite are preferably used.
Further, a coconut shell suitable for obtaining activated carbon rich in pores of 1.6 nm or less is more preferably used.

活性炭原料を炭化する方法としては、たとえば固定床方式、移動床方式、流動床方式、ロータリーキルン方式などのこれまで知られている製造方式が挙げられる。炭化方法としては炭素ガス、二酸化炭素、ヘリウム、アルゴン、キセノン、ネオン、一酸化炭素、燃焼排ガスなどの不活性ガスの雰囲気下に焼成する方法等が挙げられる。   Examples of methods for carbonizing the activated carbon raw material include known production methods such as a fixed bed method, a moving bed method, a fluidized bed method, and a rotary kiln method. Examples of the carbonization method include a method of firing in an atmosphere of an inert gas such as carbon gas, carbon dioxide, helium, argon, xenon, neon, carbon monoxide, and combustion exhaust gas.

本発明に使用される賦活方法は、特に限定されたものではなく、原料炭を水蒸気、酸素、炭酸ガスなどの賦活ガスを用いて賦活するガス賦活法や、水酸化カリウム、水酸化ナトリウムなどのアルカリ金属水酸物や、ホウ酸、リン酸などの塩機酸類、塩化亜鉛などの無機塩類の存在下に原料炭を賦活する薬品賦活法などによって得ることができる。本発明においては、ガス賦活されたものがより好ましく用いられる。また、1.6nm以下の細孔が富む活性炭を得るのに適している水蒸気、炭酸ガスが更に好ましく用いられる。
通常800℃〜1000℃で、1時間〜30時間賦活処理を行うことにより、本件の適する活性炭を得ることができる。
得られた賦活活性炭のBET比表面積は、通常600〜2500m2/g、好ましくは800〜1500m2/gである。
本発明における粒状活性炭は、円柱状、球状、破砕状等のいずれでも良く、特にその形状に制限されるものではない。
本発明に使用される粒状活性炭の平均粒子径(直径)は、1〜15mm、好ましくは2〜10mmである。
また、さらに微粉量が0.1重量%以下となるようにすることにより、フィルター等の目詰まりを抑制し、通気による圧力低下を軽減することができる。
The activation method used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and a gas activation method for activating the raw coal using an activation gas such as water vapor, oxygen, carbon dioxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, etc. It can be obtained by a chemical activation method in which raw coal is activated in the presence of alkali metal hydroxide, salt acid such as boric acid or phosphoric acid, or inorganic salt such as zinc chloride. In the present invention, a gas activated one is more preferably used. Further, water vapor and carbon dioxide gas suitable for obtaining activated carbon rich in pores of 1.6 nm or less are more preferably used.
The activated carbon suitable for this case can be obtained by performing an activation treatment usually at 800 ° C. to 1000 ° C. for 1 hour to 30 hours.
BET specific surface area of the resulting activated carbon is usually 600~2500m 2 / g, preferably from 800~1500m 2 / g.
The granular activated carbon in the present invention may be any of a cylindrical shape, a spherical shape, a crushed shape, and the like, and is not particularly limited to the shape.
The average particle diameter (diameter) of the granular activated carbon used in the present invention is 1 to 15 mm, preferably 2 to 10 mm.
Further, by making the amount of fine powder 0.1% by weight or less, clogging of a filter or the like can be suppressed, and a pressure drop due to ventilation can be reduced.

次に、本発明における粒状活性炭は、その比表面積および細孔容積については、下記の式を満たすものが用いられる。
75<(S−500)/20 + MPR
但し、
S:BET比表面積
MPR:ミクロポア容積率(1.6nm以下の細孔容積/20nm以下の細孔容積 ×100)
を示す。
比表面積は、窒素吸着法によるBET比表面積(m2/g)を用いた。
1.6nm以下の細孔容積の比率をミクロポア容積率(MPR):1.6nm以下の細孔容積/20nm以下の細孔容積×100 と定義する。
1.6nm以下の細孔容積および20nm以下の細孔容積については、同測定の吸着等温線よりCI(Cranston-Inkley)法により算出した。
PCBの分子サイズは、最も長い部分で1.4nm以下である。従って、1.6nm以下の細孔容積の比率(MPR:ミクロポア容積率)が高いことが、より高い除去性能を発揮するために重要な要素である。このミクロポア容積率は、本発明の目的には高い値であることが望ましいのであるが、活性炭の比表面積との関係で自ずと限界があり、通常30〜90程度となる。
Next, as the granular activated carbon in the present invention, those satisfying the following formula are used for the specific surface area and pore volume.
75 <(S−500) / 20 + MPR
However,
S: BET specific surface area
MPR: Micropore volume ratio (pore volume of 1.6 nm or less / pore volume of 20 nm or less × 100)
Indicates.
As the specific surface area, a BET specific surface area (m 2 / g) by a nitrogen adsorption method was used.
The ratio of the pore volume of 1.6 nm or less is defined as micropore volume ratio (MPR): pore volume of 1.6 nm or less / pore volume of 20 nm or less × 100.
The pore volume of 1.6 nm or less and the pore volume of 20 nm or less were calculated by the CI (Cranston-Inkley) method from the adsorption isotherm of the same measurement.
The molecular size of PCB is 1.4 nm or less in the longest part. Therefore, a high ratio of pore volume of 1.6 nm or less (MPR: micropore volume ratio) is an important factor for achieving higher removal performance. The micropore volume ratio is desirably a high value for the purpose of the present invention, but is naturally limited in relation to the specific surface area of the activated carbon, and is usually about 30 to 90.

一方、短い接触時間で、より高い除去性能を発揮するためには、上記の吸着サイトに関わる要因だけではなく、粒内の拡散も大きく影響してくることが判明した。ガス分子の細孔拡散は、気体の分子拡散と孔壁との衝突によるクヌッセン拡散とに分類されるが、後者に関して、メソポアの発達が大きく関与している。
即ち、賦活が進むにつれ、言い換えれば、比表面積が大きくなるにつれて、クヌッセン拡散に影響を与える10〜100nmのメソポアが発達し、短い接触時間で、より高い除去性能を発揮することが可能となる。
しかし、活性炭における1.6nm以下の細孔容積の比率(MPR:ミクロポア容積率)が高いことと比表面積が大きくなることとは、相反する現象であるため、本発明の目的に適った両者のバランスが重要である。
On the other hand, in order to exhibit higher removal performance with a short contact time, it has been found that not only the factors related to the above-mentioned adsorption sites but also the diffusion within the grains has a great influence. The pore diffusion of gas molecules is classified into gas molecular diffusion and Knudsen diffusion due to collision with the pore wall, and the development of mesopores is greatly involved in the latter.
That is, as activation progresses, in other words, as the specific surface area increases, mesopores of 10 to 100 nm that affect Knudsen diffusion develop, and higher removal performance can be exhibited in a short contact time.
However, a high ratio of pore volume of 1.6 nm or less (MPR: micropore volume ratio) in activated carbon and an increase in specific surface area are contradictory phenomena, and therefore, a balance between the two suitable for the purpose of the present invention. is important.

本発明では、鋭意検討を重ねた結果、(S−500)/20+ MPRの値が75を越える時、PCBに対して、非常に短い接触時間で、より高い除去性能を発揮することが可能になることを見出した。この値が80を越えると除去率は更によくなり、100を越えると一層良くなる。この値は、大きいほどPCBの除去性能は向上するが、活性炭のBET比表面積や、ミクロポアの容積率に限度があるので、200以上に成ることはない。従って、PCB除去に最も性能の良い範囲は100〜150である。    In the present invention, as a result of extensive studies, when the value of (S-500) / 20 + MPR exceeds 75, it is possible to achieve higher removal performance with a very short contact time to PCB. I found out that When this value exceeds 80, the removal rate is further improved, and when it exceeds 100, the removal rate is further improved. The larger this value, the better the PCB removal performance. However, there is a limit to the BET specific surface area of activated carbon and the volume ratio of micropores, so it does not exceed 200. Therefore, the best performance range for PCB removal is 100-150.

PCB(ポリ塩化ビフェニル)は、ベンゼン環が2つつながったビフェニル骨格の水素(H)が塩素(Cl)で置換されたものの総称であり、置換塩素の数と位置によって計算上209種の異性体が存在し、実際の市販品も100を越えるPCBが確認されている。日本では鐘淵化学工業が「カネクロール」の商品名で、三菱モンサント(現三菱化学)が「アロクロール」の商品名で販売された。本特許で使用されるPCBの主なものとして、下記のものが挙げられる。
KC-200(Aroclor.1232):二塩化ビフェニル
KC-300(Aroclor.1242):三塩化ビフェニル
KC-400(Aroclor.1248):四塩化ビフェニル
KC-500(Aroclor.1254):五塩化ビフェニル
KC-600(Aroclor.1260):六塩化ビフェニル
KC-1000(Aroclor.T-100):KC-500+三塩化ベンゼン
KC-1300 :KC-300+二塩化ベンゼン+四塩化ベンゼン
PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl) is a generic name for hydrogen (H) in the biphenyl skeleton with two benzene rings connected by chlorine (Cl). 209 isomers calculated according to the number and position of substituted chlorine There are more than 100 PCBs on actual commercial products. In Japan, Kaneka Chemical Industry was sold under the trade name “Kanekuroru” and Mitsubishi Monsanto (now Mitsubishi Chemical) was sold under the trade name “Arochlor”. The main PCBs used in this patent include the following.
KC-200 (Aroclor.1232): Biphenyl dichloride
KC-300 (Aroclor.1242): Biphenyl trichloride
KC-400 (Aroclor. 1248): Biphenyl tetrachloride
KC-500 (Aroclor. 1254): Biphenyl pentachloride
KC-600 (Aroclor. 1260): Biphenyl hexachloride
KC-1000 (Aroclor.T-100): KC-500 + benzene trichloride
KC-1300: KC-300 + benzene dichloride + benzene tetrachloride

また、基本骨格であるビフェニルの3、4、3'、4'位の水素が塩素に置換した化合物を基本とし、さらに5あるいは5'位が塩素に置換されたPCBの異性体のことコプラナーPCBと呼ぶ。この平面構造を取るコプラナーPCBは、構造的にダイオキシンやフランに類似しており、その他のPCBよりも強い毒性を示す。そのため、コプラナーPCBはダイオキシンやフランと共に「ダイオキシン類」に分類される。
これらのPCBを含む排ガスを排出する設備としては、PCB処理設備、PCB分析施設、廃棄物処理設備等が挙げられる。
さらにPCB処理設備に関しては、分解処理方法(脱塩素化分解法、水熱酸化分解法、還元熱化学分解法、光分解法等)によって、多少プロセスは異なるが基本的には、以下の通りである。
PCBの抜出工程、洗浄工程、トランス等の解体工程、含浸物からの真空加熱分離工程、PCB分解処理工程等からの排気ガス系統は、比較的PCB濃度が高いガスが排出されるため、一旦オイルスクラバー等により濃度を下げた後、活性炭吸着槽を経由して大気へ放出される。
従って、この場合、吸着対象物質がPCBだけではなく、洗浄溶剤およびオイルスクラバーに使用されるオイル等も同伴されることを十分考慮して対応する必要がある。
この場合は、比較的活性炭に対する負荷が大きいため、ガス線速0.2〜0.5(m/sec)とした場合、SV(空塔速度)が、200〜10000(1/hr)、好ましくは1000〜5000(1/hr)となるように活性炭量を設定する。
一方、PCB処理設備においても、通常は高濃度のPCBの暴露がありえない箇所(計器室、測定室等)においては、活性炭に対する負荷は、比較的小さくなるため、ガス線速0.2〜1.0(m/sec)とした場合、SV(空塔速度)が、1000〜50000(1/hr)、好ましくは2000〜8000(1/hr)となるように活性炭量を設定する。
In addition, the basic skeleton is a compound in which hydrogen at the 3, 4, 3 'and 4' positions of biphenyl is substituted with chlorine, and also an isomer of PCB in which the 5 or 5 'position is substituted with chlorine. Coplanar PCB Call it. This planar planar coplanar PCB is structurally similar to dioxins and furans and is more toxic than other PCBs. For this reason, coplanar PCBs are classified as “dioxins” along with dioxins and furans.
Examples of facilities for exhausting exhaust gas containing PCB include PCB processing facilities, PCB analysis facilities, waste processing facilities, and the like.
Furthermore, with regard to PCB processing equipment, the process differs slightly depending on the decomposition treatment method (dechlorination decomposition method, hydrothermal oxidation decomposition method, reduction thermal chemical decomposition method, photodecomposition method, etc.). is there.
The exhaust gas system from the PCB extraction process, cleaning process, disassembly process such as transformer, vacuum heat separation process from impregnated material, PCB decomposition process process, etc. discharges gas with relatively high PCB concentration. After the concentration is lowered by an oil scrubber or the like, it is released to the atmosphere via an activated carbon adsorption tank.
Accordingly, in this case, it is necessary to take into account that the substance to be adsorbed is not only the PCB but also the oil used for the cleaning solvent and the oil scrubber.
In this case, since the load on the activated carbon is relatively large, when the gas linear velocity is 0.2 to 0.5 (m / sec), the SV (superficial velocity) is 200 to 10,000 (1 / hr), preferably 1000 to 5000. Set the amount of activated carbon to be (1 / hr).
On the other hand, in PCB processing facilities, the load on activated carbon is relatively small in places where high-level PCB exposure is not normally possible (instrument room, measurement room, etc.), so the gas linear velocity is 0.2 to 1.0 (m / sec), the amount of activated carbon is set so that SV (superficial velocity) is 1000 to 50000 (1 / hr), preferably 2000 to 8000 (1 / hr).

本発明が使用される吸着塔の形態としては、固定床、流動床、移動床等のあらゆる吸着塔が挙げられ、特に限定されるものではない。本発明の効果がより良く発揮される吸着塔として、固定床が好ましい。
処理ガスの温度は、通常80℃以下、好ましくは0〜50℃である。すなわち、PCBを例えば化学処理をした後、常温での吸着処理が可能と言うことである。
The form of the adsorption tower in which the present invention is used includes any adsorption tower such as a fixed bed, a fluidized bed and a moving bed, and is not particularly limited. A fixed bed is preferred as an adsorption tower that can better exhibit the effects of the present invention.
The temperature of the processing gas is usually 80 ° C. or lower, preferably 0 to 50 ° C. That is, the PCB can be subjected to adsorption treatment at room temperature after chemical treatment, for example.

本発明の粒状活性炭は、PCBを含有する排気ガスから、これらの有害物質を短時間で、かつ非常に効率よく除去することができる。   The granular activated carbon of the present invention can remove these harmful substances from the exhaust gas containing PCB in a short time and very efficiently.

以下に実施例、試験例を挙げて、本発明を具体的に説明する。   The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples and test examples.

ヤシ殻炭化品を原料として、賦活温度850℃で180分間水蒸気賦活を行い、実施例1の粒状活性炭(平均粒径 3.3mm)を得た。   Steam activated with coconut shell carbonized material as a raw material at an activation temperature of 850 ° C. for 180 minutes to obtain granular activated carbon of Example 1 (average particle size 3.3 mm).

ヤシ殻炭化品を原料として、賦活温度850℃で600分間水蒸気賦活を行い、実施例2の粒状活性炭(平均粒径 3.1mm)を得た。   Steam activated carbon was used for 600 minutes at an activation temperature of 850 ° C. using carbonized coconut shell as a raw material to obtain granular activated carbon of Example 2 (average particle size 3.1 mm).

ヤシ殻炭化品を原料として、賦活温度850℃で60分間水蒸気賦活を行い、実施例3の粒状活性炭(平均粒径 3.5mm)を得た。 Steam activated carbon was used for 60 minutes at an activation temperature of 850 ° C. using carbonized coconut shell as a raw material to obtain granular activated carbon of Example 3 (average particle size 3.5 mm).

石炭炭化品を原料として、賦活温度850℃で180分間水蒸気賦活を行い、実施例4の粒状活性炭(平均粒径 3.4mm)を得た。
〔比較例1〕
Steam activated with coal charcoal as a raw material at an activation temperature of 850 ° C. for 180 minutes to obtain granular activated carbon of Example 4 (average particle size 3.4 mm).
(Comparative Example 1)

ヤシ殻炭化品を原料として、賦活温度850℃で30分間水蒸気賦活を行い、比較例1の粒状活性炭(平均粒径 3.6mm)を得た。
〔試験例1〕
Steam activated carbon was used for 30 minutes at an activation temperature of 850 ° C. using carbonized coconut shell as a raw material to obtain granular activated carbon (average particle size 3.6 mm) of Comparative Example 1.
[Test Example 1]

活性炭の比表面積の測定
細孔分布測定装置である(株)島津製作所製ASAP2400(N2吸着法)を用い、比表面積はBET法により求めた。
〔試験例2〕
Measurement of specific surface area of activated carbon ASAP2400 (N2 adsorption method) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, which is a pore distribution measuring device, was used, and the specific surface area was determined by the BET method.
[Test Example 2]

活性炭のミクロポア容積率(MPR)
細孔分布測定装置である(株)島津製作所製ASAP2400(N2吸着法)を用い、1.6nm以下の細孔容積を相対圧(測定時の圧力/飽和蒸気圧)=0.871の時の窒素吸着量から算出し、20nm以下の細孔容積を相対圧=0.897の時の窒素吸着量から算出した。
なお、ミクロポア容積率(MPR)は、
[1.6nm以下の細孔容積/20nm以下の細孔容積×100 ]
と定義づけた。
〔試験例3〕
Micropore volume ratio (MPR) of activated carbon
Using ASAP2400 (N2 adsorption method) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, which is a pore distribution measuring device, the amount of nitrogen adsorption when the pore volume of 1.6 nm or less is relative pressure (pressure at measurement / saturated vapor pressure) = 0.871 The pore volume of 20 nm or less was calculated from the nitrogen adsorption amount when the relative pressure was 0.897.
The micropore volume ratio (MPR) is
[Pore volume of 1.6 nm or less / pore volume of 20 nm or less × 100]
Defined.
[Test Example 3]

ジクロロベンゼンの除去率
PCBの代替物質として、芳香環に塩素が結合しており、構造がPCBに比較的似ているジクロロベンゼンを用いて除去率の測定を行った。
図1に示す吸着実験設備を用いて、ジクロロベンゼンの除去率を求めた。
試験条件は、恒温槽温度 25℃、吸着カラム径 28mm、活性炭充てん層高 40mm、ガス線速 0.56m/secで行った。この場合の接触時間は、0.07秒であった。
Removal rate of dichlorobenzene
As an alternative to PCB, the removal rate was measured using dichlorobenzene, which has chlorine bonded to the aromatic ring and has a structure that is relatively similar to PCB.
Using the adsorption experimental equipment shown in FIG. 1, the removal rate of dichlorobenzene was determined.
The test conditions were a thermostat temperature of 25 ° C., an adsorption column diameter of 28 mm, an activated carbon packed bed height of 40 mm, and a gas linear velocity of 0.56 m / sec. The contact time in this case was 0.07 seconds.

Figure 2007054833
〔性能評価〕
除去率95%以上 :+++
除去率90%以上95%未満:++
除去率70%以上90%未満:+
除去率70%未満 :−
表1から明らかなように、(S-500)/20+MPR の値と、除去率とは密接に関連しており、その値が75を境に除去率が大きく変化するのが判る。
Figure 2007054833
[Performance evaluation]
Removal rate of 95% or more: +++
Removal rate 90% or more and less than 95%: ++
Removal rate 70% or more and less than 90%: +
Removal rate less than 70%:-
As is apparent from Table 1, the value of (S-500) / 20 + MPR and the removal rate are closely related, and it can be seen that the removal rate changes greatly with 75 as the boundary.

平成28年度までに国内のすべてのPCB廃棄物の処理を終えることになっており、本発明は、現在環境事業団のPCB処理に大きく貢献するものと期待されている。   The disposal of all PCB waste in Japan is to be completed by 2016, and the present invention is expected to contribute greatly to the environmental treatment corporation's PCB treatment.

試験例3において用いられた吸着実験設備の模式図である。6 is a schematic diagram of an adsorption experiment facility used in Test Example 3. FIG.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 25℃恒温槽
2 エアードライアー
3 流量調整機(マスフローコントローラ)
4 ジクロロベンゼン
5 ジクロロベンゼン蒸気発生瓶
6 ジクロロベンゼン蒸気
7 乾燥空気
8 乾燥空気・ジクロロベンゼン蒸気ガス混合瓶
9 フロートメータ
10 サンプリング入口
11 サンプルカラム
12 サンプリング出口
1 25 ° C constant temperature bath 2 Air dryer 3 Flow controller (mass flow controller)
4 dichlorobenzene 5 dichlorobenzene vapor generation bottle 6 dichlorobenzene vapor 7 dry air 8 dry air / dichlorobenzene vapor gas mixing bottle 9 float meter 10 sampling inlet 11 sample column 12 sampling outlet

Claims (3)

以下の式を満たすことを特徴とするPCB除去用粒状活性炭。
75<(S−500)/20 + MPR
但し、
S:BET比表面積(m2/g)
MPR:ミクロポア容積率 (1.6nm以下の細孔容積/20nm以下の細孔容積×100)
を示す。
Granular activated carbon for PCB removal characterized by satisfying the following formula:
75 <(S−500) / 20 + MPR
However,
S: BET specific surface area (m 2 / g)
MPR: Micropore volume ratio (pore volume of 1.6 nm or less / pore volume of 20 nm or less × 100)
Indicates.
原料がヤシ殻であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の粒状活性炭   2. The granular activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein the raw material is coconut shell 請求項1に記載の活性炭で80℃以下のPCB含有ガスを固定床で処理するPCBの処理方法。   A method for treating PCB, wherein the activated carbon according to claim 1 is used to treat a PCB-containing gas of 80 ° C. or lower on a fixed bed.
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