JP2007021481A - Water purification equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide water purification equipment capable of facilitating a recovery work of sludge settled on the under part of a contact filter media package part. <P>SOLUTION: A treatment tank 1 is divided into a plurality of divisions 21 to 29 by a plurality of damming partition walls 11, 13, 15, 17 and upper overflow partition walls 12, 14, 16, 18. The contact filter media package part 3 is prepared by packing gravelly filter media 3a in layers into the respective divisions 21 to 29 and water purification is performed by allowing water to pass among filter media 3a. A sludge storage space 4 which is divided into a plurality of divisions 41 to 45 by movable space partition walls 31 to 34 is disposed on the under side of the contact filter media package part 3, where the sludge settled in accordance with purification is settled and accumulated. When the sludge is discharged, the respective space partition walls 31 to 34 are set into the open state, therefore, the sludge storage space 4 is made to be substantially one space and, in such a condition, the sludge is discharged by a vacuum method or else. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an improvement of a water purification treatment facility using a contact filter medium, and in particular, when purifying polluted water such as rivers and lakes, it is possible to treat sludge generated more efficiently and maintainability and water purification. The present invention relates to a water purification facility that has been improved to improve its performance.

  As a conventional method for purifying polluted water in rivers and lakes, in addition to a wetland type using an artificial wetland called a so-called wet land, for example, gravel is used as a filter medium. There is a gravel type that purifies water quality by passing polluted water in between.

  However, the biggest drawback of these water purification methods is that the gap between gravel and gravel is clogged early due to suspended matter in the contaminated water (SS content) and sludge generated during the water purification process, and the contaminated water becomes the surface layer. However, there was a problem that the original purification function of actively sinking and separating impurities by permeating the gravel was lost.

Therefore, as a water purification system that solves these problems, a sludge storage section is provided at the bottom of the gravel layer filled with gravel to actively promote sedimentation or precipitation of impurities and sludge components from the gravel layer. The applicant of the present invention has proposed a method for precipitating and depositing sludge as sludge in a sludge storage section and then periodically extracting the sludge with a suction means such as a vacuum pump car.
JP 2004-209465 A

  In the conventional system described above, a sludge storage section is provided at the bottom of the purification facility for the purpose of collecting sludge generated during long-term operation, and the sludge accumulated in the space can be discharged. On the other hand, since the sludge storage part is partitioned into a plurality of independent compartments, for example, a hose connected to a vacuum pump car must be inserted for each compartment to discharge the sludge each time. As a result, it was found that the secondary problem of increasing the man-hour required for the sludge discharge treatment occurs.

  The present invention has been made paying attention to the above-described problems, and in particular, the sludge discharge treatment can be performed more easily and the maintenance can be easily performed so that the purification treatment performance can be stably maintained for a longer period of time. Provide structure.

  The invention according to claim 1 is a water purification plant that purifies water by passing polluted water between the contact filter media, wherein the contact filter media filling portion of the treatment tank filled with the contact filter media is divided into two or more sections with partition walls. In addition to dividing the sludge storage space into two or more sections, the movable sludge storage space is divided into two or more sections. A partition wall is provided.

  More specifically, as described in claim 2, the water purification treatment facility has a two-layer structure by providing a sludge storage space below the contact filter material filling unit, and in the contact filter material filling unit, The upper overflow partition wall that allows at least overflow of the polluted water is divided into two or more compartments, and the movable partition wall that divides the sludge storage space into two or more compartments is provided on the upper overflow partition wall. The structure is provided at the bottom.

  Further, as defined in claim 3, the sludge storage space is divided into a plurality of compartments with two or more movable partition walls, and the plurality of movable partition walls are opened and closed in conjunction with each other. It is supposed to be. In this way, when the movable partition wall is in the closed state, the movable partition wall substantially functions as a part of the upper overflow partition wall.

  Furthermore, as described in claim 4, in the upper contact filter medium filling portion, a plurality of upper overflow partition walls and a plurality of damming partition walls permitting the lower flow (lower permeation) of polluted water are alternately arranged. It shall be divided into a plurality of sections. If it does in this way, the flow which goes to a downstream will come to be generated, repeating the meandering of an up-down direction in a processing tank.

  As the contact filter medium, as exemplified in claims 12 to 14, in addition to a fiber knitted body having a large porosity formed by knitting single fibers or twisted fibers in a loop shape or the like, a gravel, a crushed stone In addition, a so-called gravel-like solid body having a granular or lump shape, such as walnut stone, or an adsorbent or porous material such as charcoal or zelite, is used properly, or a plurality of them are used in combination.

  More specifically, as set forth in claim 5, the plurality of upper overflow partition walls are set such that the height of each upper end sequentially decreases from the upstream one toward the downstream one. It is preferable to stabilize the flow.

  Preferably, regardless of the type of contact filter medium used, the upper overflow partition wall is higher than the contact flow speed when flowing through the compartment of the contact filter medium filling section with respect to the flow rate of the contaminated water. Set so that the velocity of the upper overflow when it overflows is higher. By doing so, for example, oxygen supply to the polluted water can be expected due to the turbulent flow effect when overflowing each upper overflow partition wall.

  Moreover, when the purification | cleaning based on the improvement of a landscape and the decomposition | disassembly action of microorganisms is anticipated, a vegetation area shall be provided in the upper part of the said contact filter material filling part as described in Claim 7, or Claim 8 is provided. As described above, the surface water flow region is provided together with the vegetation region above the contact filter medium filling portion.

  Furthermore, as described in claim 9, a vegetation region is provided in an upper part of the contact filter medium filling portion, and a ground water flow region through which contaminated water passes through the inside of the filter medium filling portion and a surface water flow region flowing through the surface of the vegetation region It can also be provided.

  Here, in order to increase the efficiency of the sludge treatment, it is desirable that the sludge settled and deposited in the sludge storage space can be discharged to the outside, as claimed in claim 10. 11, it is more desirable that a sludge discharge port communicating with the sludge storage space is provided.

  According to the invention described in claim 1, by providing a movable partition wall that partitions the sludge storage space into two or more compartments, the sludge storage space is normally partitioned into two or more compartments. However, when sludge is discharged, the sludge storage space can be handled as a single space by opening the movable partition wall, so the accumulated sludge can be easily discharged and its workability can be improved. Can be improved and maintainability is also improved. In particular, if the structure capable of discharging sludge to the outside as described in claim 10 is employed, or if the sludge discharge port is provided as described in claim 11, the above effect becomes more remarkable.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the partition wall functions as a part of the upper overflow partition wall in the closed state of the movable partition wall, the downward osmotic flow is generated before and after the upper overflow partition wall. In addition to being able to effectively generate upward osmotic flow, the equipment structure can be simplified compared to the case where the upper overflow partition wall and the partition wall that separates the sludge storage space are separated and coexisted separately. There is. In particular, according to the third aspect of the present invention, since the plurality of movable partition walls are interlocked with each other, there is an advantage that each movable partition wall can be opened and closed smoothly and quickly.

  According to the invention described in claim 4, since the upper overflow partition wall and the damming partition wall are used in combination, a downward osmotic flow, a lower overflow, an upward osmotic flow, and an upper overflow are generated in order from the upstream side. Thus, since the flow toward the downstream side can be generated while repeating the meandering in the vertical direction in the treatment tank, the purification function is further improved.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, since the height of the upper ends of the plurality of upper overflow partition walls is set to be sequentially reduced, the flow toward the downstream side in the treatment tank is stably generated. Become so.

  According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, since the upper overflow velocity is set to be larger than the contact flow velocity at the contact filter medium filling portion, the upper overflow partition wall is particularly overflowed. Oxygen supply to the polluted water can be expected due to the turbulent flow effect.

  According to the invention described in claims 7 to 9, since the vegetation region is provided alone or together with the surface water flow region at the upper part of the contact filter medium filling portion, it is possible to expect improvement of the landscape and restoration of the ecosystem. If the plant roots are soaked in polluted water, nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen in the polluted water will be removed to absorb nutrients accompanying plant growth, and will adhere to the plant roots. The organic substance is decomposed by the microorganisms at the same time, and the purification function is further improved.

  According to the twelfth aspect of the present invention, since the gravel-like filter medium is used as the contact filter medium, although the porosity as the filter medium is relatively small, a predetermined filtration can be performed at a low cost by filling the treatment tank in layers. There is an advantage that an effect is obtained.

  According to the invention described in claim 13, since the specific surface area of the filter medium itself can be ensured by using the three-dimensionally shaped fiber knitted body as the contact filter medium, the amount of microorganisms retained is inevitably increased, and purification is performed. In addition to being able to improve efficiency and reduce the area required for purification, there are advantages in that the maintainability is also good. In particular, as described in claim 14, by using a gravel-like filter medium and a three-dimensional fiber knitted body as a contact filter medium, the advantages of both filter media can be effectively utilized to further improve the water purification function. Can be expected.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a more specific embodiment of a water purification treatment facility according to the present invention. Gravel-like filter media 3a are used as contact filter media, and polluted water is passed between the filter media 3a, 3a. Sectional drawing of the principal part of the facility which performs water quality purification is shown. FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.

  In FIG. 1, it is set so that the polluted water flows at a predetermined speed from the right side to the left side of the treatment tank 1, and the purification zone (flow area) 2 extending over the entire length in the flow direction is a so-called gravel-like filter medium that is granular or massive. The contact filter medium filling section 3 filled with a layer 3a over a predetermined depth and a sludge storage space 4 arranged in parallel so as to be directly adjacent to the contact filter medium filling section 3 have a two-layer structure. The contact filter medium filling portion 3 and the sludge storage space 4 are partitioned by a partition material 5 such as a mesh material that can circulate polluted water and does not allow the filter medium 3a to pass therethrough. The contact filter medium filling part 3 is partitioned into a plurality of small sections 21 to 29 in the flow direction by a plurality of partition walls 11 to 18.

  The sludge storage space 4 provided in the lower part of the contact filter medium filling unit 3 is similarly partitioned into a plurality of small sections 41 to 45 in the flow direction by a plurality of partition walls 31 to 34. And the front stage side of the most upstream section 21 of the contact filter medium filling part 3 is a water intake section for taking in polluted water, and the rear stage side of the most downstream section 29 is a discharge section for discharging treated water. Yes.

  As will be described later, the plurality of partition walls 31 to 34 partitioning the sludge storage space 4 are movable so as to be swingable in the front-rear direction from the closed position (vertical posture position) shown in FIG. When this is opened with swinging in the front-rear direction, adjacent sections, for example, sections 41 and 42 and sections 42 and 43 communicate with each other.

  Among the plurality of partition walls 11 to 18 partitioning the contact filter medium filling portion 3, for example, the lower ends of the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth even-numbered partition walls 12, 14, 16, and 18 are partitioned in order from the upstream side. The upper end of the contact filter 5 is lower than the surface of the contaminated water and is buried in the filter medium 3a of the contact filter medium filling portion 3 so that the polluted water flows over the upper end and flows over the upper end. The structure allows flow (hereinafter, these even-numbered partition walls 12, 14, 16, and 18 are referred to as upper overflow partition walls).

  On the other hand, among the plurality of partition walls 11 to 18 partitioning the contact filter medium filling portion 3, for example, the first, third, fifth and seventh odd-numbered partition walls 11, 13, 15, and 17 are sequentially arranged at the lower ends. Is in contact with the partition material 5 and the upper end is located above the surface of the polluted water, and prevents the overflow of the polluted water at the upper end (hereinafter referred to as odd-numbered ones). The partition walls 11, 13, 15, and 17 are called damming partition walls).

  That is, the plurality of upper overflow partition walls 12, 14, 16, and 18 are alternately arranged in the same manner as the plurality of damming partition walls 11, 13, 15, and 17. As shown, the polluted water alternately repeats the lower permeate flow below the damming partitions 11, 13, 15 and 17 and the upper overflow at the upper ends of the upper overflow partitions 12, 14, 16 and 18. By flowing down the inside of the treatment tank 1 while meandering up and down in the treatment tank 1 and passing through the inside of the filter medium 3a filled in the contact filter medium filling part 3, it is filtered and decomposed by microorganisms adhering to the filter medium surface. The polluted water can be effectively purified. In addition, although the case where the purification | cleaning zone 2 was made into linear arrangement | positioning is shown in FIG. 1, it can also be set as the meandering by planar view as needed.

  A plurality of movable partition walls 31 to 34 (hereinafter, these partition walls 31 to 34 are referred to as space partition walls) partitioning the sludge storage space 4 into a plurality of sections 41 to 45 are respectively upper overflows. It is provided directly under the partition walls 12, 14, 16, and 18, and has a closed state that is flush with each of the upper overflow partition walls 12, 14, 16, and 18 as shown in FIG. On the other hand, in the state where the movable space partition walls 31 to 34 are opened by swinging in the front-rear direction as shown in FIG. Are allowed to communicate with each other to permit the circulation of the polluted water in the sludge storage space 4. That is, when the space partition walls 31 to 34 are in the closed position, the space partition walls 31 to 34 are flush with the upper overflow partition walls 12, 14, 16, and 18, and the upper overflow partition wall 12. , 14, 16, 18.

  More specifically, as shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 4, a plurality of movable space partition walls 31 to 34 are rotatably attached to the lower portions of the upper overflow partition walls 12, 14, 16, and 18 by a shaft 50. It can be held also in the open position (open state) P2 as shown by the phantom line by rotating or swinging in the downstream direction from the closed position P1 shown by the solid line.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the plurality of movable space partition walls 31 to 34 are connected to each other by rigid connecting rods 51 such as bars. At the same time, the most downstream space partition wall 34 is connected to a wire rope 51 a drawn from the first winch 52, while the most upstream space partition wall 31 is a wire rope drawn from the second winch 53. The plurality of space partition walls 31 to 34 are connected to each other and can be interlocked with each other. In addition, each wire rope 51a, 51b is penetrated by the pipe line 101 embed | buried under the contact filter material filling part 3, and this pipe line 101 has the function as a sludge discharge port so that it may mention later.

  1 and 4, with the plurality of movable space partition walls 31 to 34 in the closed position P1, the wire rope 51b is fed out from the second winch 53 and simultaneously toward the first winch 52 side. When the wire rope 51a is wound up, all of the space partition walls 31 to 34 are simultaneously or simultaneously rotated or oscillated downstream to be in an open state with an open position P2 as shown in FIGS. . After the plurality of space partition walls 31 to 34 are opened as shown in FIG. 3, the wire ropes 51a and 51b from the winches 52 and 53 cannot be wound or sent out so as to be unmovable. By fixing, the open state of the plurality of space partition walls 31 to 34 as shown in FIG. 3 can be self-held.

  When returning the plurality of space partition walls 31 to 34 from the opening position P2 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 to the closing position P1 shown in FIG. 1, the wire rope 51a is fed out from the first winch 52 at the same time as opening. By winding the wire rope 51b with the second winch 53, each of the space partition walls 31 to 34 is turned or swung from the state of FIG. 3 to the closed state as shown in FIG. A plurality of movable space partition walls 31 to 31 as shown in FIG. 1 are fixed by immovably fixing the wire ropes 51a and 51b from the winches 52 and 53 so as to prevent them from being wound or sent out. The 34 closed state can be self-held.

  Here, FIG. 5 shows a modification of FIG. 2, and in FIG. 2, the sludge storage space 4 is set over the entire width of the treatment tank 1, but as shown in FIG. The size of the processing tank 1 may be a part of the width of the treatment tank 1 depending on the amount of generated sludge and the like, and the size of the space partition wall 32 (31, 33, 34) also changes accordingly.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, the lower end of the damming partition wall 11 (13, 15, 17) is positioned above the partition member 5 by a predetermined amount, so that the effect of winding by sludge water flow accumulated in the sludge storage space 4 Can be reduced.

  Furthermore, in order to stabilize the position (closed position P1) in the closed state of the space partition walls 31 to 34 described above, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, a stopper jig 61 is provided. It is desirable to use together. That is, for example, a stopper jig 61 slidable in the vertical direction is provided on the downstream side of the most upstream upper overflow partition wall 12 and the space partition wall 31 so as to overlap these, and each space shown in FIG. In the closed state of the partition walls 31 to 34, the stopper jig 61 is attached to the inner bottom portion of the processing tank 1, so that the space partition walls 31 to 34 are rotated or swung from the closed position P1 to the downstream side. While restraining so that it becomes impossible, in the open state of each space partition wall 31-34 shown to the same figure (B), it is space by pulling up the stopper jig | tool 61 upwards at least rather than the lower end of the upper overflow partition wall 12. FIG. It is desirable that the partition wall 31 is configured to allow rotation or swinging to the downstream side.

  In this case, in the lowered state of the stopper jig 61 as shown in FIG. 7B, the stopper jig 61 is located above the upper end of the upper overflow partition wall 12. The portion of the stopper jig 61 positioned above the upper end of the upper overflow partition wall 12 is used as a handle portion to minimize its width dimension (width dimension in a direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 7). The stopper jig 61 that overlaps the upper overflow partition wall 12 functions as a part of the upper overflow partition wall 12, and does not hinder the original function of the upper overflow partition 12. In addition, regarding the installation position of the stopper jig 61, it is desirable to install the stopper jig 61 on the downstream side in the downflow direction in consideration of adverse effects such as the water flow applied to the space partition wall 31 and the rotation and swinging caused by the water pressure.

  In the above-described embodiment, the plurality of movable space partition walls 31 to 34 are pivotal or swinging ones. Instead of this, like the stopper jig 61, for example, FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, a guide plate 130 is installed so as to face each upper overflow partition wall 12, 14, 16, 18 with a small distance, and the space partition walls 131 to 134 are slid in the vertical direction between them. It is good also as a structure arrange | positioned so that movement is possible. In this case, a suspension fitting 135 for ascending movement is provided at the upper end of each space partition wall 131 to 134, and holes formed in each space partition wall 131 to 134 when self-holding at the raised position. It is assumed that the fall prevention pin 136 is inserted into the upper overflow partition walls 12, 14, 16, 18 and the upper end of the guide plate 130.

  As another example, as shown in FIG. 9, the space partition walls 231 to 234 are supported on the inner bottom surface of the processing tank 1 so as to be pivotable in the vertical direction by a shaft 50, and a balloon is interposed between the two. When the space partition walls 231 to 234 are closed as shown in the figure, the bag body 250 is inflated by sending compressed air or the like to the bag body 250 and expanding the space partition wall 231. When opening .about.234, the air in the bag body 250 may be removed to rotate the space partition walls 231 to 234 so as to be substantially horizontal.

  In addition, each of the space partition walls 31 to 34 described above is not limited to interlocking all of them, and each space partition wall 31 to 34 may be configured to individually rotate, swing, or slide. . Especially when sludge generation (deposition) can be easily predicted, the sludge accumulation area is limited, and the space partition wall of that part can be individually rotated, rocked or slid to save more labor. I can plan. Therefore, it is possible to make the purification facility more cost effective and maintainable by combining the space partition walls according to the water quality of the purification facility, combining individually movable, fixed wall and the presence or absence of sludge storage space. It becomes.

  FIG. 10 shows details of the upper overflow partition walls 12, 14, 16, and 18. As shown in the figure, the height of the upper end of each upper overflow partition wall 12, 14, 16, and 18 is the upstream side. Are set so as to gradually decrease toward the downstream side in order, and the downward gradient θ thereof is set to, for example, 0 to 1/80, preferably about 1/500 to 1/80. . In this way, by adding a step with a negative gradient toward the downstream side, a water head difference is provided, and thereby it is possible to reduce the water resistance and to permeate and capture the SS component floating on the contaminated water surface.

  FIG. 11 is a plan view of the water purification treatment facility in which the vegetation region 71 is provided on the contact filter material filling portion 3 on the premise of the structure of FIG. 1, and FIGS. 12 and 13 are taken along the line BB of the water purification treatment facility. Each of the cross-sectional views is shown.

  As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, a vegetation region 71 is provided in the upper part of the contact filter material filling unit 3, and a so-called groundwater flow region through which polluted water passes through the inside of the contact filter material filling unit 3 below the vegetation region 71. It has become. In the vegetation region 71, plants 72 or the like that prefer terrestrial or wetland are planted. By constructing a state in which the surface of the contaminated water cannot be seen from the upper surface of the contact filter medium filling part 3, light is blocked, and by suppressing photosynthesis caused by the generation of aquatic plants, a part of the contact filter medium filling part 3 is clogged. Can be prevented in advance. In addition, as long as at least the root part of the plant 72 is immersed in the polluted water, an absorption effect of nutrient salts (nitrogen / phosphorus) accompanying the growth of the plant 72 is obtained, which is desirable from the viewpoint of water purification.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 13, not only aquatic plants but also terrestrial plants can be planted by partitioning the contact filter material filling portion 3 and the soil 73 in the vegetation region 71 with a nonwoven fabric or a suction prevention sheet 74 or the like. . In addition, when the water purification treatment facility is installed on a riverbed or the like, for example, even if contaminated water is covered on the facility when typhoon or the like is flooded, the contaminated water does not permeate inside. The facility is not affected by clogging due to earth and sand, and the facility can be operated continuously.

  Here, the vegetation region 71 does not necessarily need to be provided so as to cover the entire upper part of the contact filter medium filling portion 3 as shown in FIG. 11. For example, as shown in FIGS. A water surface exposure part 75 that exposes a part of the polluted water flowing through the part 3 while meandering may be provided so as to coexist with a surface water flow region that shows the flow of water. The water surface exposed portion 75 may be formed so as to be seen as one continuous flow over the entire vegetation region 71, or may be formed intermittently or intermittently to show a partial flow. The arrangement can be appropriately determined according to the pollution status of the raw water of the facility and the status of the treated water.

  In FIG. 16, the flow of polluted water flows between a facility in which a vegetation region 71 is formed in the entire upper part of the contact filter material filling unit 3 and a facility in which a water surface exposed portion 75 is formed in the upper part of the contact filter material filling unit 3. The example at the time of arranging in parallel so that it may meander is shown. A plurality of facilities may be arranged in a straight line.

  The treatment tank 1 of the above water purification treatment facility is not only a concrete structure but also a soil with a low water permeability coefficient (cohesive soil, improved soil, etc.), a metal such as a steel water tank, a non-metal such as rubber or plastic such as a water shielding sheet. Can be composed of materials. The filter medium filled in the contact filter medium filling unit 3 is not limited to stone materials such as single-grain crushed stones (Nos. 1 to 7), quarry stones, and quarry stones described in JIS A 5001 1988, and in particular, concrete, asphalt, etc. If the waste material is crushed and used, it can contribute to recyclability. Furthermore, each damming partition wall 11, 13, 15, 17, each upper overflow partition wall 12, 14, 16, 18 and each space partition wall 31-34 are made of, for example, a single material of wood, metal, rubber, plastic, or It is comprised by the combination of these materials.

  If the items required for water purification include removal of COD, nitrogen, phosphorus, color, odor, etc., the adsorbing mineral such as zeolite, activated carbon, charcoal, bamboo charcoal, etc. in the contact filter medium filling part 3 It is more effective to use an adsorbent carbonized material alone or a filter medium using an adsorbent mixed material obtained by binding and solidifying a carbonized material with a binder.

  Therefore, according to the water purification plant configured in this way, for example, the upstream side of the most upstream section 21 shown in FIG. 1 is an intake section for taking in polluted water, and the most downstream section 29 Since the latter stage is a discharge section that discharges the water after the water purification treatment, the polluted water supplied from the intake section has an upper overflow at the upper end of each upper overflow partition wall 12, 14, 16, 18. Sludge from the contact filter material filling part 3 side in the section immediately before each damming partition wall 11, 13, 15, 17 in addition to the lower overflow that flows under each damming partition wall 11, 13, 15, 17 The downward osmotic flow that flows toward the storage space 4 side and the upward osmotic flow that flows from the sludge storage space 4 side to the contact filter medium filling unit 3 side in the section immediately after each damming partition wall 11, 13, 15, 17. Those generated By repeating what meandering in the vertical direction in the processing tank 1 at the working multiply times, a moderate flow from the upstream side toward the downstream side of the treatment tank 1 as a whole is produced. And when polluted water passes between the filter media 3a and 3a of the contact filter media filling part 3, the suspended matter in water and sludge components contained in the polluted water are collected by the filter media 3a, and especially sludge components with a large mass, etc. Gradually settles and settles and accumulates in the respective sections 41 to 44 of the sludge storage space 4 below.

  In addition, when the gravel-like filter medium 3a as described above is employed as the contact filter medium, the porosity of the filter medium 3a is relatively small. A reasonable purification effect can be expected at a low cost.

  In addition, the soluble dirt contained in the contaminated water, that is, the soluble dirt that cannot be removed by the filtering action, decomposes the organic matter by the microorganisms adhering to the surface of the filter medium 3a when the contaminated water passes between the filter media 3a and 3a. Is cleaned by contact. Further, nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen in the water are removed for the nutrient absorption action accompanying the growth of the plant 72 planted in the vegetation region 71, and organic matter by microorganisms attached to the root portion of the plant 72 is removed. The decomposition action is also performed at the same time. By the combined action of these purification processes, the treated water is purified toward the downstream side of the treatment tank 1 and finally discharged from the discharge section on the downstream side of the most downstream section 29.

  In addition, as shown in FIGS. 14 to 16, a water surface exposed portion 75 is provided in a part of the vegetation region 71, and the width of the water surface exposed portion 75 is positively changed in the flow direction so that the flow is wide and narrow. In particular, the flow of polluted water becomes faster especially in narrow flow areas, and it not only prevents the sludge from sinking but also has a so-called murky appearance, making you realize that the water is flowing. Can do.

  Here, FIG. 17 schematically shows a flow state inside the processing tank 1.

  As is clear from the figure, a plurality of upper overflow partition walls 12, 14, 16, 18 and damming partition walls 11, 13, 15, 17 are alternately arranged inside the treatment tank 1. The downward osmotic flow that flows downward in the section immediately before each damming partition wall 11, 13, 15, 17 and the lower osmotic flow that flows in the adjacent section immediately below each damming partition wall 11, 13, 15, 17 The upward osmotic flow that flows upward in the section immediately after each damming partition wall 11, 13, 15, 17, and the upper overflow that flows so as to get over the upper end of each upper overflow partition wall 12, 14, 16, 18 As described above, each of the above is generated while being sequentially repeated.

  When it is assumed that the volume before and after the damming partitions 11, 13, 15, and 17 is equal, the downward osmotic flow velocity V 2 and the upward osmotic flow velocity V 2 shown in FIG. 17 are equivalent. Therefore, both the downward osmotic flow and the upward osmotic flow can be collectively referred to as the filter medium contact flow velocity when passing through the contact filter medium, and this filter medium contact flow velocity V2 (= flow velocity of the downward osmotic flow = It is desirable to set V1> V2 as the relationship between the upward osmotic flow velocity) and the upper overflow velocity V1. By satisfying this relationship of V1> V2, it becomes possible to expect oxygen supply to the polluted water due to the turbulent flow effect when overflowing each upper overflow partition wall 12, 14, 16, 18; In addition to suppressing clogging of the contact filter medium filling part 3 by suppressing the so-called accumulation of SS by increasing the flow velocity at the surface layer part of the contact filter medium filling part 3 filled with the massive or gravel-like filter medium 3a, There is an advantage that generation of algae due to photosynthesis can be suppressed due to a large flow velocity at the surface layer.

  If sludge accumulates in the sludge storage space 4 at the lower part of the contact filter medium filling part 3 with the water purification process as described above, the sludge is extracted or discharged.

  Prior to the extraction or discharge of the sludge, as shown in FIG. 3, the wire rope 51a is wound around the first winch 52 while the wire rope 51b is sent out from the second winch 53 and is movable as shown in FIG. The space partition walls 31 to 34 of the equation are linked together to be in an open state. By the opening operation of the space partition walls 31 to 34, what has been partitioned into the small partitions 41 to 45 by the space partition walls 31 to 34 until then communicates with each other to form one large sludge storage space 4. When the stopper jig 61 is used in combination as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the stopper jig 61 is moved upward as shown in FIG. 7B prior to the winch operation. Needless to say, it will be raised.

  And after holding each space partition wall 31-34 in the open state, as shown in FIG. 18, the front-end | tip 82a of the vacuum hose 82 of the vacuum apparatus 81, such as a vacuum pump car, was attached to the most upstream division 21. The sludge storage space 4 is inserted into the lower sludge storage space 4 through the pipe 101, and the sludge 107 accumulated on the most upstream side of the sludge storage space 4 is sucked and removed. Thus, the pipe line 101 through which the wire rope 51b is passed has a function as a sludge discharge port.

  If the sludge 107 accumulated on the most upstream side of the sludge storage space 4 is sucked and removed in this way, thereafter, the suction and removal of the accumulated sludge 107 is repeatedly performed while the vacuum hose 82 is sequentially sent to the downstream side. Finally, the sludge 107 accumulated on the most downstream side of the sludge storage space 4 is completely sucked and removed. In addition, as shown in FIG. 19, you may provide the pipe line 83 which functions as a sludge discharge port by inserting the vacuum hose 82 in the outer side of the processing tank 1 separately from the said pipe line 101. As shown in FIG.

  Thus, by making the space partition walls 31 to 34 partitioning the sludge storage space 4 below the contact filter material filling part 3 into a plurality of sections 41 to 45 movable, each of the space partition walls 31 to 34 is In the closed state, while functioning as a part of each upper overflow partition wall 12, 14, 1618, when each said space partition wall 31-34 is made into an open state, the sludge storage space 4 is regarded as a single thing. Since the sludge can be extracted or discharged, the sludge can be easily extracted or discharged, and the water purification treatment function can be stably maintained over a long period of time.

  Prior to the sludge extraction or discharge operation, a hose for supplying compressed air is inserted into the sludge storage space 4 instead of the vacuum hose 82, and the contact filter medium filling unit 3 is directed upward from the sludge storage space 4 side. It is also possible to wash the filter medium 3a filled in the contact filter medium filling section 3 by injecting the compressed air.

  FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of the water purification treatment facility according to the present invention. As described above, in conjunction with the adoption of the movable space partition walls 31 to 34 in the sludge storage space 4, FIG. The cleaning function of the filter medium 3a filled in the contact filter medium filling unit 3 is added.

  As shown in FIG. 20, an air pipe 91 is provided in advance in the lower part of the contact filter material filling unit 3, and a number of air injection holes are provided on the outer periphery of the air pipe 91. And the air pipe 91 is connected to the compressor 92, compressed air can be sent into the said air pipe 91, and compressed air can be injected toward the filter medium 3a from many air injection holes. More specifically, if the contact filter medium filling part 3 becomes clogged, the filter medium 3a is cleaned by injecting compressed air from the air injection hole of the air pipe 91 toward the filter medium 3a. Thus, it is possible to promote the precipitation, separation, and deposition of sludge substances such as underwater suspended matters that have been adhered to the filter medium 3a in the sludge storage space 4 until then. If the pollution load of the polluted water is high and the amount of dissolved oxygen is insufficient, the air pipe can be used not only for cleaning but also as piping equipment for aeration.

  FIG. 21 is a view showing a third embodiment of the water purification facility according to the present invention, and the same reference numerals are given to the parts common to the first embodiment shown in FIG.

  In the third embodiment, a so-called three-dimensionally shaped fiber knitted body 76 is employed as a contact filter medium in place of the gravel-like (granular or massive) filter medium 3a in the first embodiment. .

  The fiber knitted body 76 referred to here is, for example, as shown in FIG. 22, a single fiber or twisted fiber is knitted into a loop shape or the like to form a three-dimensional three-dimensional shape as a fiber aggregate of a string or string. However, it is characterized in that the porosity is drastically larger than the gravel-shaped filter medium 3a exemplified above, and it retains a predetermined three-dimensional solid shape even if it is immersed in polluted water inside the treatment tank 1. Thus, it functions as a microorganism support (carrier) inside the treatment tank 1. Then, as shown in FIG. 22, after gathering a plurality of fiber knitted bodies 76, bag-like or cylindrical support parts 71 are connected to the upper and lower ends thereof, and a shaft body 72 is connected to these support parts 71. Is inserted into the compartments 21 to 29 in the contact filter material filling part 3 of the treatment tank 1 so as to be stably dipped. It is. Even when the fiber knitted body 76 is adopted, the relationship between the filter medium contact flow velocity V2 (= flow velocity of the downward osmotic flow = flow velocity of the upward osmotic flow) and the flow velocity V1 of the upper overflow is V1> V2 as in FIG. Set to.

  Similar ones to the fiber knitted body 76 are described in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-65291, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-38676, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-94592, and Japanese Patent No. 3667089. When such a fiber knitted body 76 is employed, a large specific surface area of the filter medium itself can be secured, so that the amount of microorganisms inevitably increases, and purification efficiency can be improved and the area required for purification can be reduced. In addition, the maintainability is also good. Further, as apparent from the fact that the fiber knitted body 76 is also used as a sand mud separator, it is possible to expect a function of promoting separation and sedimentation of the sand mud that flows in along with the contaminated water.

  Even when the fiber knitted body 76 as described above is employed, oxygen supply to the polluted water can be expected due to the turbulent flow effect when overflowing each of the upper overflow partition walls 12, 14, 16, 18. In addition, a swirling flow as shown in FIG. 17 is generated in the contact filter medium filling portion 3 due to the change in velocity between the flow speeds V1 and V2, and the time for contacting the fiber knitted body 76 as the contact filter medium becomes longer. There is an advantage that the action of microorganisms using the knitted body 76 as a carrier becomes active.

  FIGS. 23 and 24 show the fourth and fifth embodiments of the water purification treatment facility according to the present invention, and the same reference numerals are given to the parts common to the first embodiment.

  In the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 23, each damming partition wall 11, 13, 15, 17 and each upper overflow partition is used in combination with the gravel-like filter medium 3 a as the contact filter medium and the previous fiber knitted body 76. The gravel-like filter medium 3a and the previous fiber knitted body 76 are alternately accommodated and arranged in a plurality of sections 21 to 29 (see FIG. 1) partitioned by the walls 12, 14, 16, and 18. In addition, about the accommodation arrangement | positioning position of these gravel-like filter media 3a and the previous fiber organization body 76, you may arrange | position to the reverse or random of FIG. 23 according to the property of the target water to purify | clean.

  In the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 24, each damming partition wall 11, 13, 15, 17 and each upper overpass is used in combination with the gravel-like filter medium 3 a as the contact filter medium and the previous fiber knitted body 76. Among the plurality of sections 21 to 29 (see FIG. 1) partitioned by the flow partition walls 12, 14, 16, and 18, the fiber knitted body 76 is placed in the downstream sections 21 to 25, and the downstream side thereof. About half of the compartments 26 to 29 are each provided with a gravel-like filter medium 3a.

  In this way, also when the gravel-like filter medium 3a and the previous fiber knitted body 76 are used together as the contact filter medium, the filter medium contact flow velocity V2 (= flow velocity of downward osmotic flow = flow velocity of upward osmotic flow) and Needless to say, V1> V2 is set as a relationship with the upper overflow velocity V1.

  In these third to fifth embodiments, the same operational effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.

  FIG. 25 is a diagram showing a sixth embodiment of the water purification facility according to the present invention.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 25, on the premise that the gravel-like filter medium 3a and the fiber knitted body 76 are used together as the contact filter medium as in FIG. 24, the upstream half of the processing tank 1 is pretreated. The fiber knitted body 76 similar to that shown in FIG. 22 is used as the contact filter medium in the pretreatment section 79, and the pretreatment section 79 employing the fiber knitted body 76 as the contact filter medium has an aeration function. It has been made.

  In the aeration function, an air pipe 77 provided with an air ejection hole is laid on the bottom surface of the pretreatment section 79, and compressed air is supplied to the air pipe 77 from an air supply blower 78 to be ejected from the air ejection hole. It is given by.

  Therefore, according to the sixth embodiment, when contaminated water having a high concentration and a large pollution load flows in, the organic matter is decomposed by microorganisms attached to the surface of the fiber knitted body 76 as a contact filter medium as a pretreatment. With the contact purification by the action and the oxidation treatment by the aeration function, the pollution load of the treatment facility can be reduced in advance.

  In FIG. 25, about half of the upstream side of the treatment tank 1 is used as the pretreatment unit 79. Needless to say, an independent pretreatment facility may be provided on the upstream side of the treatment tank 1 independently of the treatment tank 1. Yes.

The concrete of the water purification processing facility which concerns on this invention is a figure which shows 1st Embodiment, and is a vertical cross-section explanatory drawing of the facility. Cross-sectional explanatory drawing which follows the AA line of FIG. Explanatory drawing when opening the movable space partition wall which partitions off the lower sludge storage space in the facility of FIG. The principal part enlarged view of the space partition wall in FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the modification of FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows another modification of the principal part in FIG. It is explanatory drawing at the time of using together a stopper jig as a modification of the facility of FIG. 1, (A) is principal part explanatory drawing when the space partition wall is made into a closed state, The same figure (B) is the said space partition wall. Explanatory drawing of the principal part when it is made into an open state. The principal part explanatory drawing which shows the modification of the space partition wall shown in FIG. The principal part explanatory drawing which shows another modification of the space partition wall similarly shown in FIG. The principal part explanatory drawing which shows the gradient of the upper overflow partition wall in the facility of FIG. Plane explanatory drawing at the time of providing a vegetation area | region on a contact filter material filling part as a modification of the plant | facility of FIG. Cross-sectional explanatory drawing which follows the BB line of FIG. Cross-sectional explanatory drawing at the time of partitioning between the soil of a planting area | region, and a contact filter material filling part with a nonwoven fabric etc. FIG. Plane explanatory drawing at the time of providing a water surface exposure part with a vegetation area | region on another contact filter material filling part as another modification of the facility of FIG. Cross-sectional explanatory drawing which follows the CC line | wire of FIG. Plane explanatory drawing at the time of providing a water surface exposure part with a vegetation area | region on the contact filter material filling part as another modification of the plant | facility of FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the change of the flow inside the processing tank of FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the discharge condition of the sludge in the facility of FIG. Explanatory drawing of the principal part which shows the modification of the facility of FIG. Vertical cross-section explanatory drawing which shows 2nd Embodiment of the water quality purification processing facility which concerns on this invention. Vertical cross-section explanatory drawing which shows 3rd Embodiment of the water quality purification processing facility which concerns on this invention. The perspective view which shows schematic structure of the fiber knitted body used as a contact filter medium in the plant | facility of FIG. Vertical cross-section explanatory drawing which shows 4th Embodiment of the water quality purification processing facility which concerns on this invention. Vertical cross-section explanatory drawing which shows 5th Embodiment of the water purification process facility which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows 6th Embodiment of the water purification processing facility which concerns on this invention, Comprising: The vertical cross-section explanatory drawing which arrange | positioned the pre-processing part in a part of the front | former stage of a water purification processing facility.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Treatment tank 2 ... Purification zone 3 ... Contact filter material filling part 3a ... Gravel-like filter medium (contact filter medium)
4 ... Sludge storage space 11, 13, 15, 17 ... Partition wall (damming partition wall)
12, 14, 16, 18 ... partition wall (upper overflow partition wall)
21-29 ... several divisions 31-34 ... movable partition wall (space partition wall)
41-45 ... Several divisions 51 ... Connecting rod 51a, 51b ... Wire rope 71 ... Vegetation area | region 72 ... Aquatic plant 75 ... Water surface exposed part 76 ... Fiber knitted body (contact filter medium)
83 ... Pipe line (sludge outlet)
101 ... Pipe line (sludge outlet)
131-134 ... Movable partition wall (space partition wall)
231 to 234 ... movable partition walls (space partition walls)

Claims (14)

In a water purification facility that purifies water by passing contaminated water between contact filter media,
Partitioning the contact filter medium filling part of the treatment tank filled with the contact filter medium into two or more compartments with a partition wall,
In some or all of these sections and adjacent two or more sections, a sludge storage space is provided side by side,
A water purification facility comprising a movable partition wall that partitions the sludge storage space into two or more compartments. The water purification treatment facility has a two-layer structure by providing a sludge storage space at the bottom of the contact filter medium filling part,
In the above-mentioned contact filter medium filling part, at least the upper overflow partition wall that allows the upper overflow of the polluted water is partitioned into two or more compartments,
The water purification plant according to claim 1, wherein a movable partition wall for partitioning the sludge storage space into two or more compartments is provided at a lower portion of the upper overflow partition wall.   The sludge storage space is divided into a plurality of sections with two or more movable partition walls, and the plurality of movable partition walls are configured to open and close in conjunction with each other. The water purification facility according to claim 2.   The contact filter medium filling section is divided into a plurality of compartments by alternately arranging a plurality of upper overflow partition walls and a plurality of damming partition walls that allow the overflow of the polluted water to flow downward. Item 4. A water purification facility according to any one of Items 1 to 3.   5. The water purification according to claim 4, wherein the plurality of upper overflow partition walls are set such that the heights of the upper ends thereof are sequentially decreased from the upstream side toward the downstream side. Processing facility.   The flow rate of the polluted water is set so that the flow rate of the upper overflow when flowing over the upper overflow partition wall is larger than the contact flow rate when flowing through the section of the contact filter material packing section. The water purification treatment facility according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein   The water purification process facility according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a vegetation region is provided in an upper part of the contact filter medium filling part.   The water quality purification treatment facility according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a surface water flow region is provided together with a vegetation region above the contact filter medium filling portion.   A vegetation region is provided at an upper portion of the contact filter medium filling portion, and a ground water flow region for allowing polluted water to pass through the inside of the filter medium filling portion and a surface water flow region flowing through the surface of the vegetation region are provided. The water purification treatment facility according to any one of 6 above.   The water purification treatment facility according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the sludge deposited and deposited in the sludge storage space can be discharged to the outside.   The water purification plant according to claim 10, wherein a sludge discharge port communicating with the sludge storage space is provided.   The water purification treatment facility according to claim 1, wherein the contact filter medium is a gravel filter medium.   The water purification treatment facility according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the contact filter medium is a three-dimensional fiber knitted body.   The water purification treatment facility according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein a gravel-like filter medium and a three-dimensional fiber knitted body are used in combination as the contact filter medium.

Images