JP2006150351A - Wetland type water purification system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a system for securing water infiltration while preventing clogging in order to always keep polluted water into good contact with microorganisms on the filter medium at any portion of the channel. <P>SOLUTION: The channel 6 is formed for the polluted water 5 flow from the inflow side of the artificial wetland from where the polluted water 5 is supplied to its effluent side. In the channel 6 a plurality of overflow weir boards 8a, 8b and a plurality of infiltration boards 7a, 7b are disposed alternatively. The polluted water 5 overflows the overflow weir boards 8a, 8b and passes the infiltration boards 7a, 7b through the passages 9 for the infiltration at the lower part of the infiltration boards, thereby flowing upward and downward one after the other and being purified by the filter medium 4 laid in the channel 6 while generating a vertical flow in the polluted water 5 and the plant on the artificial wetland. The overflow weir boards 8a, 8b are installed so that the line linking its upper ends thereof has a down grade of 1/80 or more. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a wetland type water purification system that uses artificial wetlands (wetlands) to purify water quality such as river water and lake water, and in particular, prevents clogging of filter media due to sludge, and provides long-term water purification performance. Securing and maintenance.

As this type of wetland type water purification system, a water channel is formed to flow the polluted water from the inflow side to the discharge side of the constructed wetland to which the polluted water is supplied, and the water channel is substantially orthogonal to the flow of the polluted water. A plurality of upper overflow plates and lower permeation plates are alternately arranged in the direction, and polluted water is allowed to flow over the upper end of the upper overflow plate at the position of the upper overflow plate, and at the position of the lower permeation plate. A wetland where polluted water is permeated through the permeation flow path at the lower end of the lower permeation plate (latent flow), and the upper overflow plate and the lower permeation plate create a flow in the direction perpendicular to the contaminated water, thereby treating the contaminated water. Type water purification system has been developed. In this system, the aquatic plant in the constructed wetland absorbs nutrients in polluted water, and captures, decomposes and absorbs nutrients such as organic, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the water channel to purify the polluted water. At the same time, by providing a sludge reservoir at the bottom of the upstream of the water channel, the sludge accumulated in the sludge reservoir can be extracted (for example, Patent Document 1).
JP 2004-209465 A

  In the above conventional system, when there are a lot of floating components in the inflowing water, the sludge cannot be completely treated in the sludge reservoir, and the sludge flows downstream from the sludge reservoir and the filter medium is clogged. Occurs.

  When clogging of the filter medium occurs, the flow becomes worse, so the water level on the upstream side of the clogged portion rises, and eventually the water does not permeate so that it flows over the upper part of the lower permeation plate ( A so-called short-circuit flow state), sludge flows out along with this, and sludge and the like are more likely to accumulate in the permeation portion on the downstream side, further promoting clogging. Due to this repetition, water no longer flows into the filter medium laying region, and in addition to the filtering action, the microorganisms adhering to the filter medium surface cannot contact with the polluted water, resulting in a problem that the water purification function is lowered.

  The present invention has been made paying attention to the problems as described above, and clogging is suppressed by controlling the flow of water, thereby ensuring water permeability in the filter medium laying region, and in any part of the water channel. Ensure proper filtration at all times, maintain good contact between the microorganisms adhering to the surface of the filter medium and contaminated water, and facilitate maintenance such as sludge collection and filter medium cleaning (backwash). Thus, the purpose is to stably maintain the original purification performance of the wetland type water purification system for a longer period of time.

  The invention according to claim 1 forms a water channel through which the polluted water flows from the inflow side to the discharge side of the constructed wetland to which the polluted water is supplied, and the water channel has a direction substantially orthogonal to the flow of the polluted water. A plurality of upper overflow plates and lower permeation plates are alternately arranged, and polluted water is allowed to flow over the upper end of the upper overflow plate at the position of the upper overflow plate, and polluted water is disposed at the position of the lower permeation plate. And the artificial wetland laid in the water channel while allowing the upper overflow plate and the lower permeation plate to generate a vertical flow in the contaminated water. In the wetland type water purification system that purifies polluted water with plants that grow on the top, the height position of the upper ends of the plurality of upper overflow plates has a negative gradient of 0 to 1/80 from the upstream side toward the downstream side. Set the installation height of each upper overflow plate Characterized that you have.

  The invention according to claim 2 is based on the premise of claim 1, and the height position of the upper ends of the plurality of upper overflow plates is a negative gradient of 0 to 1/80 from the upstream side toward the downstream side. Instead of setting the installation height of each upper overflow plate so as to be, as the interrelationship of the permeation flow paths at the lower ends of the plurality of lower permeation plates, at the lower end of the downstream lower permeation plate The opening cross-sectional area of the permeation channel is set to be equal to or larger than the opening cross-sectional area of the permeation channel at the lower end of the lower permeation plate located one upstream side of it. It is characterized by.

  Further, the invention according to claim 3 is based on the premise of claim 1, and the lower end of the lower permeation plate on the downstream side is defined as the interrelation of the permeation flow paths at the lower end of the plurality of lower permeation plates. The opening cross-sectional area of the permeation flow channel in is set to be equal to or larger than the opening cross-sectional area of the permeation flow channel at the lower end of the lower permeation plate located one upstream side thereof. It is characterized by that.

  Further, the invention according to claim 4 is based on the same assumption as in claim 1, and the height position of the upper ends of the plurality of upper overflow plates is 0 to 1/80 from the upstream side toward the downstream side. Instead of setting the installation height of each upper overflow plate so as to have a negative slope, the constructed wetland has a water surface exposed portion that exposes a part of the surface of the polluted water. In addition, at least a part of the surface-side channel width in the flow direction of the water surface exposed portion is narrower than the channel width at the position of the lower permeation plate on the upstream side at a specific upper overflow plate position. It is set as follows.

  Here, on the premise of the description in any one of claims 1 to 4, as described in claim 5, the water channel in which the filter medium is laid is made of the upper overflow plate and the lower permeation plate. At least one of them is partitioned into two or more compartments in the direction of the flow of polluted water, and a sludge storage section is provided below the filter material laying area in some or all of the compartments. In order to efficiently collect sludge, it is desirable that the portion provided with the portion has a double bottom structure.

  In this case, as described in claim 6, the channel in which the filter medium is laid is partitioned into two or more sections in the flow direction of the polluted water with the upper overflow plate, and part or all of the sections are partitioned. The part which provided the sludge storage part in the lower part of the filter material installation area | region in a division, and provided the said sludge storage part among water channels, and is a part facing the sludge storage part among the said upper overflow plates May be movable.

  Furthermore, as described in claim 7, the wetland base of the artificial wetland may be arranged higher than the water level of the water channel via a base support material.

  According to the wetland type water purification system according to claim 1, by providing a predetermined negative gradient from the upstream side to the downstream side at the height position of the upper ends of the plurality of upper overflow plates, The flow of the polluted water is made smooth by the difference in the head of the downstream side to suppress clogging, and the water purification performance can be stably maintained for a long time by always contacting the polluted water with the microorganisms adhering to the filter medium surface.

  According to the wetland type water purification system according to claim 2, the permeation flow path opening at the lower end of the lower permeation plate on the downstream side is an interrelationship of the permeation flow paths at the lower end of the plurality of lower permeation plates. By providing a predetermined gradient so that the cross-sectional area becomes larger, the increase in water resistance that increases as it goes downstream is offset, and the flow of contaminated water is smoothed to prevent clogging. The water purification performance can be stably maintained for a long time by always contacting the microorganisms adhering to the surface of the filter medium with the polluted water.

  According to the wetland type water purification system described in claim 3, the synergistic effect of the invention according to claim 1 and claim 2 suppresses clogging by making the flow of contaminated water smoother, and always on the surface of the filter medium. The water purification performance can be stably maintained for a long time by the adhering microorganisms and the contaminated water coming into contact with each other.

  According to the wetland type water purification system described in claim 4, at least a part of the surface-side channel width in the flow direction of the water surface exposed portion in the constructed wetland is smaller than that at the specific upper overflow plate position. Since it is set to be narrower than the flow path width at the position of the lower permeation plate on the upstream side, especially the flow rate of the polluted water is changed to prevent sedimentation of sludge on the surface of the filter medium and suppress clogging In addition, it is possible to realize that the water is flowing in a so-called turbulent state by making the water flow faster in the upper overflow plate portion.

  According to the wetland type water purification system according to claims 5 and 6, sludge or the like settled in the water channel by inserting and sucking a vacuum pipe such as a vacuum car from a so-called double bottom structure. Can be forcibly discharged to the outside. Further, the filter medium can be easily cleaned by inserting a pipe of an air compressor or the like and blowing compressed air.

  According to the wetland type water purification system described in claim 7, it is possible to prevent sunlight from hitting the water surface by the artificial wetland and to prevent generation of algae, aquatic plants and the like in the water. Moreover, it is possible to prevent the filter medium from becoming clogged with dead algae and aquatic plants.

  FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the main part showing the basic concept of a wetland type water purification system according to the present invention.

  The wetland type water purification system includes a processing tank 1 having a predetermined water intake 2 and a discharge port 3 as a main element, and a predetermined filter medium 4 is laid in the processing tank 1 and is well known. As described above, a predetermined water level difference (water head difference) is provided between the intake port 2 and the discharge port 3 so that the discharge port 3 side becomes lower. And because of the difference in water level, the water channel 6 is formed so that the polluted water 5 supplied from the water intake 2 flows from the inflow side of the treatment tank 1 toward the discharge side.

  A plurality of first, second... Nth lower permeation plates 7a, 7b... 7n and first, second. 8b... 8n are alternately arranged, and the inside of the treatment tank 1 is substantially divided into a plurality of regions with a plurality of upper overflow plates 8a, 8b. At the position of each of the lower permeation plates 7a, 7b... 7n, the polluted water 5 permeates (latently flows) through the permeation channel 9 which is an opening at the lower end of the lower permeation plates 7a, 7b. At the position of the upper overflow plates 8a, 8b... 8n, the polluted water 5 is allowed to flow over the upper ends of the upper overflow plates 8a, 8b. The flow plates 8a, 8b,..., 8n actively generate a vertical flow (so-called vertical flow) in the polluted water 5. And in the process in which the polluted water 5 flows in the processing tank 1 toward the discharge side (downstream side), the polluted water 5 is purified with the filter medium 4 laid inside. This purification action will be described later.

  Here, the filter medium 4 differs depending on the pollution degree and properties of the inflowing polluted water 5, particularly the state of the suspended matter in water (SS content), but when using crushed stone that is particularly advantageous in terms of cost. As the diameter of the crushed stone, for example, those of single grain crushed stone No. 4 (20-30 mm), those of No. 5 (13-20 mm), quarry stone (50-150 mm), quarry stone (150-200 mm), etc. Good. Further, the filter medium 4 is not limited to the above-mentioned crushed stone, but may be an adsorbent carbon material such as activated carbon, charcoal, bamboo charcoal, zeolite, etc., depending on the purification conditions (for example, decolorization, COD removal, nitrogen / phosphorus removal, etc.) Alternatively, an adsorbent porous material represented by an adsorbable mineral may be used. Also, when there is a concern about clogging in addition to high pollution load, use filter media with a large porosity such as plastic filter media (hollow ball shape, honeycomb shape, etc.), string shape, thread shape, cloth shape, etc. May be.

  On the other hand, it is desirable that the treatment tank 1 itself is constructed of a concrete structure or steel structure having excellent strength. For example, a predetermined ground is excavated to create a tank-like space, and a water-impervious product is formed therein. You may make it lay the filter medium 4 after sticking a sheet | seat. Further, the infiltration flow path 9 at the lower end of the lower permeation plates 7a, 7b... 7n is formed over the entire width of the lower permeation plates 7a, 7b. 7b... 7n may be formed at least partially in the width direction.

  In FIG. 1, the height position of the upper end of each upper overflow plate 8a, 8b,..., 8n is set so as to decrease gradually or stepwise from the inflow side (upstream side) to the discharge side (downstream side). At the same time, the line 10 connecting the height positions of the upper ends of the upper overflow plates 8a, 8b,..., 8n is set to have a downward slope with a predetermined angle θ with respect to the horizontal reference line 11. Here, when the position corresponding to the intersection of the line 10 and the reference line 11 in the side wall 1a of the processing tank 1 is set as the reference overflow position Q, ΔH1 is the reference overflow position Q and the first upper overflow plate. The water head difference (unit is mm or m. The same applies hereinafter) when water gets over 8a. Similarly, ΔH2 indicates a water head difference when water passes over the first upper overflow plate 8a and the second upper overflow plate 8b. Further, ΔHn indicates a water head difference when water gets over the reference overflow position Q and the nth upper overflow plate 8n. The inclination angle (gradient) θ of the line 10 connecting the reference overflow position Q and the height positions of the upper ends of the upper overflow plates 8a, 8b,..., 8n is set to a minus gradient of 1/80 or more, for example. .

  In addition, if a predetermined water level difference (water head difference) is set between the intake port 2 and the discharge port 3, the contaminated water heading from the intake side to the discharge side even if the inclination angle θ = 0. Five streams are generated. This structure will be described later.

Further, in setting the above ΔH1, ΔH2,... ΔHn, since the vertical osmotic flow as described above is used for the flow of the polluted water 5, it is necessary to consider the flow resistance due to the filter medium 4 and the like. ΔH1 is a water flow resistance value between the side wall 1a of the treatment tank 1 and the first lower permeation plate 7a (this flow resistance value is nothing but a head loss, and its unit is mmH ₂ O or mH ₂ O. The same applies hereinafter.) To be equal to or larger than the value obtained by adding ΔP1-1 to the water flow resistance value ΔP2-1 between the first lower permeation plate 7a and the first upper overflow plate 8a. (ΔH1 ≧ ΔP1-1 + ΔP2-1).

  Similarly, ΔH2 is equal to the flow resistance value ΔP1-2 of water between the first upper overflow plate 8a and the second lower penetration plate 7b, and the second lower penetration plate 7b and the second upper overflow plate. It is set to be equal to or greater than the value obtained by adding the water flow resistance value ΔP2-2 between 8b (ΔH2 ≧ ΔP1-2 + ΔP2-2).

  Further, ΔHn is set to be equal to or greater than the sum of the flow resistance values of water from the side wall 1a of the treatment tank 1 to the nth lower permeation plate 7n (ΔHn ≧ ΔP1-1 + ΔP2). -1 + ΔP1-2 + ΔP2-2... ΔP1-n + ΔP2-n).

  On the other hand, with respect to the infiltration flow path 9 at the lower ends of the first, second... Nth lower infiltration plates 7a, 7b. The degree of opening of these flow paths 9 is a so-called positive gradient opposite to the gradient of the line 10 connecting the reference overflow position Q and the height positions of the upper ends of the upper overflow plates 8a, 8b,. Is given in advance. That is, the opening widths of the infiltration flow passages 9 at the lower ends of the first, second,..., N lower permeation plates 7a, 7b... 7n are all the same as the width of the water channel 6 in the treatment tank 1. Assuming that there is a height, the heights h1, h2,... Hn of the upper end of the flow path 9, which is the height of the opening, are set so as to increase gradually or stepwise toward the downstream side. Thereby, it is possible to cancel (offset) the flow resistance of water that increases as it goes downstream of the flow path 9.

  Here, in the example of FIG. 1, for example, a case where one upper overflow plate 8 a is interposed between the lower permeation plate 7 a on the upstream side and the lower permeation plate 7 b on the downstream side is shown. For example, two or more upper overflow plates 8a and 8a having the same height at the upper end may be interposed between the lower permeation plate 7a on the upstream side and the lower permeation plate 7b on the downstream side. For example, two or more lower permeation plates 7b and 7b having the same opening height position of the upper flow path may be interposed between the upstream upper overflow plate 8a and the downstream upper overflow plate 8b. good.

  FIG. 2 is based on the system of FIG. 1 and is provided with a water surface exposure portion 14 for exposing a part of the water surface of the polluted water 5 flowing through the water channel 6 to an artificial wetland 12 in which an aqueous plant 13 is planted. 3 is a plan view of the wetland type water purification system, FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line XX in FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line YY in FIG. 2 and 3, the filter medium 4 is omitted, and the artificial wetland 12 is not shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 2, regions other than the planting region of the aqueous plant 13 in the constructed wetland 12 meander while repeating the width of the flow path in the flow direction, and that portion is non-linearly serving as the water surface exposed portion 14. Is formed. Specifically, the channel width of the water surface exposed portion 14 excluding the planting region of the aqueous plant 13 varies greatly in the flow direction, and the first, second,. The width W1 of the upper overflow plates 8a, 8b... 8n is set to be smaller than the width W2 of the lower permeation plates 7a, 7b. .

  Further, as shown in FIG. 4, a part of the filter medium 4 is removed in the water surface exposed portion 14 to form a groove-like portion 15. The width of the groove-like portion 15 changes in the flow direction of the polluted water 5. For example, the width dimension of the groove-like portion 15 is approximately matched with the width of the water surface exposed portion 14. Thus, by actively changing the width dimension of the water surface exposed portion 14 and the groove-like portion 15 in the flow direction, the flow velocity is increased to generate a flow in the surface layer portion of the polluted water 5, particularly in the surface layer portion. Consideration is made so that sludge does not accumulate on the part that is effective for infiltration.

  In FIG. 4, an intermediate bottom plate 16 made of a rigid and water-permeable plate material, such as a porous plate material such as grating or punching metal, is laid along the flow direction at the bottom of the water channel 6. Therefore, the treatment tank 1 itself has a so-called double bottom structure. The inner bottom plate 16 has a function of allowing the passage of sludge that has settled to the bottom of the water channel 6 while preventing the passage of the filter medium 4, and deposits sludge below the intermediate bottom plate 16. A plurality of sludge storage portions 17 are formed as independent spaces in the flow direction for deposition.

  As shown in FIG. 5, one end portion in the width direction of the sludge storage portion 17 protrudes on the water surface as a work cylinder 18 partitioned in a cylindrical shape so that the filter medium 4 does not enter as shown in FIG. The hose 20 of the vacuum wheel 19 can be inserted into the sludge storage part 17 from the working cylinder 18, or the air hose 22 of the compressor 21 can be inserted as shown in FIG. The fact that the hose 20 of the vacuum wheel 19 can be inserted into the work cylinder 18 means that the sludge that has settled and accumulated in the sludge reservoir 17 can be pumped up. On the other hand, the fact that the air hose 22 of the compressor 21 can be inserted means that the filter medium 4 can be cleaned particularly by so-called air injection.

  Of course, part or all of the aqueous plant 13 may be replaced with a terrestrial plant as necessary.

  Therefore, according to the wetland type water purification system configured as described above, the polluted water 5 supplied from the intake port 2 is overflowed at the upper ends of the upper overflow plates 8a, 8b,. By repeating the so-called vertical osmotic flow when permeating the lower flow path 9 of 7a, 7b... 7n several times, a gentle flow from the upstream side to the downstream side of the processing tank 1 is generated as a whole. Then, when the polluted water 5 passes through the filter medium 4, the suspended matter and sludge contained in the polluted water 5 are collected by the filter medium 4, and particularly sludge having a large mass is precipitated in the lower sludge storage part 17. Will be deposited.

  Further, the soluble dirt contained in the contaminated water 5, that is, the soluble dirt that cannot be removed by the filtering action, is caused by the decomposition action of organic substances by microorganisms adhering to the surface of the filter medium 4 when the contaminated water 5 passes between the filter media. Purified by contact. In addition, nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen in the water are removed to absorb nutrients accompanying the growth of the aquatic plant 13 planted in the constructed wetland 12, and the microorganisms attached to the root portion of the aquatic plant 13 At the same time, organic substances are decomposed by the above. By the combined action of these purification processes, the treated water is purified toward the downstream side of the treatment tank 1 and discharged from the outlet 3.

  In addition, the artificial wetland 12 is provided with a water surface exposure portion 14 that exposes a part of the water surface flowing through the water channel 6, and the width of the water surface exposure portion 14 is actively changed in the flow direction, Since the narrow part coexists, the flow of water becomes fast especially in the narrow part, not only preventing the sludge from settling, but also showing the appearance of so-called murmur, making you realize that the water is flowing be able to.

  And if sludge accumulates in the lower part of the water channel 6, as shown in FIG. 5, the hose 20 of the vacuum wheel 19 is inserted from the work cylinder 18 provided at one end in the width direction of the sludge reservoir 17. If the negative pressure is sucked, the sludge accumulated in the lower part of the water channel 6 can be discharged efficiently. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the filter medium 4 can be cleaned by inserting an air hose 22 of the compressor 21 from the working cylinder 18 and blowing compressed air as a cleaning medium into the sludge storage part 17. .

  Here, FIGS. 7 to 9 show modified examples of the so-called double bottom structure in the processing tank 1.

  In FIG. 7, the sludge storage part which has many holes 23 which accept | permit the infiltration of the sludge which settled in the bottom part of the water channel 6 in the inner bottom part of the processing tank 1 which forms the water channel 6 while preventing the filter medium 4 from approaching. The tubular body 24 is arranged along the length direction of the water channel 6. As the tubular body 24, a perforated pipe such as a fume pipe, a vinyl chloride pipe, or a steel pipe having a large number of holes on its peripheral surface is used.

  In FIG. 8, a tubular body accommodating portion 25 that is one step lower is formed in advance on the inner bottom portion of the processing tank 1, and a tubular body 24 as a sludge storage portion is embedded in the tubular body accommodating portion 25 in the same manner as described above.

  Further, in FIG. 9, a so-called concrete U-shaped groove 27 is arranged in the tubular body housing portion 26, and a grating 28 is placed on the opening to cover the U-shaped groove 27 and the grating 28. Thus, a tubular body 29 is formed as a sludge storage section.

  7 to 9, for example, when the treatment tank 1 itself is formed with the above-described impervious sheet or the like, the tubular body 24 or 29 as the sludge reservoir can be easily installed. This is possible and has a significant cost advantage.

  FIG. 10 shows another modification, and as is clear from comparison with FIG. 3, the height positions of the upper ends of the plurality of upper overflow plates 8a, 8b,. The opening height of the flow path 9 at the lower end of the plates 7a, 7b,. In this case, the same effect as that of FIG. 3 can be obtained.

  11 to 13 show a second embodiment of the wetland type water purification system according to the present invention. That is, FIG. 11 is a plan view of a wetland type water purification system in which the constructed wetland 12 is arranged higher than the surface of the polluted water 5 flowing through the water channel 6 and the surface of the polluted water 5 is covered with the constructed wetland 12. 12 is a sectional view taken along line X1-X1 in FIG. 11, and FIG. 13 is a sectional view taken along line Y1-Y1 in FIG. In these drawings, the same reference numerals are given to the portions common to the previous embodiment.

  The wetland base 30 such as the soil of the constructed wetland 12 is arranged higher than the water level of the water channel 6 by the base support material 31. The base support material 31 supports a wetland base 30 such as soil of the artificial wetland 12 and has a myriad of small holes that allow the roots of, for example, the aqueous plant 13 planted in the artificial wetland 12 to pass therethrough. It is formed of a single body or a composite such as a net, a non-metallic net, a suction waterproofing sheet for civil engineering, and a nonwoven fabric. Further, the wetland base 30 of the constructed wetland 12 is supported by the base support material 31 so as not to fall into the water, while the roots of the aqueous plants 13 vegetated on the artificial wetland 12 are the base support material. It is configured to be able to extend to the water surface through 31 small holes or meshes.

  According to such a wetland type water purification system, since the artificial wetland 12 is arranged above the surface of the polluted water 5 flowing through the water channel 6, the water surface is covered with the artificial wetland 12. Since direct sunlight does not reach, photosynthesis is not possible in water, and therefore algae such as Aoumilo and aquatic plants do not breed in water. Can be prevented.

  In addition, terrestrial plants other than the aquatic plant 13 can be planted in the artificial wetland 12. Furthermore, even when the system of the present invention is installed on a riverbed, even when the system is submerged due to water increase due to rain, the uppermost part (surface) of the system is an artificial wetland 12 and the water surface is wetland base 30 such as soil. Since it is in a covered state, the infiltrated muddy water and the like is filtered through the wetland base 30 such as the soil and then enters the system, so that damage to the system due to flooding can be minimized. it can.

  FIG. 14 shows a third embodiment of the wetland type water purification system according to the present invention, and the same reference numerals are given to the parts common to FIG. 10 described above.

  In the third embodiment, a plurality of upper overflow plates 8a, 8b,... Having the same height at the upper end are disposed inside the treatment tank 1 having a water intake and a discharge port (see FIG. 10) (not shown). .. 8n and a plurality of lower permeation placing plates 7a, 7b... 7n having the same opening height at the lower portion are alternately arranged along the flow direction. Thereby, the inside of the processing tank 1 is partitioned into a plurality of regions by at least the upper overflow plates 8a, 8b,. Further, a work cylinder 33 that also serves as a sludge observation hole is provided adjacent to each of the lower permeation plates 7a, 7b,... 7n, and the upper end of the work cylinder 33 protrudes above the water level in the treatment tank 1. On the other hand, the lower end of the working cylinder 33 faces the sludge storage part 17 below the middle bottom plate 16. That is, each sludge storage section 17 is partitioned as an independent space by the upstream and downstream upper overflow plates 8a, 8b,..., 8n, so that each sludge storage section 17 has at least a work cylinder 33. One will be there.

  According to the third embodiment, by inserting a so-called rod-shaped gauge from the work cylinder 33 into the sludge reservoir 17, the accumulation of the sludge 34 in each sludge reservoir 17 can be visually confirmed or pulled out. You can check the situation. And if accumulation of the sludge 34 is confirmed, if the hose 20 of the vacuum wheel 19 is inserted into the sludge storage part 17 from the work cylinder 33 and sucked under a negative pressure, the sludge storage part 17 is restored. The accumulated sludge 34 can be discharged efficiently. Further, the filter medium 4 can also be cleaned by inserting the air hose 22 of the compressor 21 from the work cylinder 33 and blowing compressed air as a cleaning medium upward from the sludge reservoir 17 in the same manner as in FIG. it can.

  16 to 18 show a fourth embodiment of the wetland type water purification system according to the present invention, and the same reference numerals are given to portions common to FIG.

  In the fourth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 16, the lower half of the plurality of upper overflow plates 8a, 8b... 8n, that is, the sludge storage portion of each of the upper overflow plates 8a, 8b. The part facing 17 is movable, and each sludge reservoir partitioned by upstream upper overflow plates 8a, 8b... 8n and downstream upper overflow plates 8a, 8b. The independence of the part 17 is canceled so that the adjacent sludge storage parts 17 and 17 can communicate with each other.

  More specifically, as shown in FIG. 17 in addition to FIG. 16, the lower half of each upper overflow plate 8a, 8b,..., 8n can swing as a movable partition plate 35 to the lower end of the overflow plate body 37 with a hinge pin 36. In the normal state, each movable partition plate 35 is oriented in the vertical state. Further, the lower end portions of the movable partition plates 35 are connected to each other by a linkage rod 38 so as to have the same span as that of the overflow plate bodies 37, and the upper overflow portion located at the most upstream side. The movable partition plate 35 of the flow plate 8a and the movable partition plate 35 of the upper overflow plate 8n located on the most downstream side are connected to the wire 41 drawn from the first winch 39 or the second winch 40 which is a winder. Each is connected. A work cylinder 33 is provided in the most upstream part and the most downstream part of the processing tank 1, and the wire 41 is inserted through the work cylinder 33. Further, a stopper jig 42 that can move up and down is provided adjacent to any one of the upper overflow plates 8a. As is clear from FIG. 16, the stopper jig 42 is in the lowest position in the normal state, and The movable partition plate 35 is locked so as to be superposed with the movable partition plate 35 of the adjacent upper overflow plate 8a.

  Therefore, according to the fourth embodiment, since each movable partition plate 35 is in the closed position in the normal state shown in FIG. 16, the sludge storage portions 17 at the lower part of the processing tank 1 are independent of each other. .

  On the other hand, when the sludge accumulates in the sludge storage part 17 and it becomes necessary to remove the sludge, the stopper jig 42 is raised as shown in FIG. 18 to unlock the movable partition plate 8a adjacent thereto. To do. When the second winch is rotated and wound up while pulling the corresponding wire 41, the movable partition plates 35 are oscillated all at once to be in an open state. At this time, the first winch 39 is allowed to easily allow the corresponding wire 41 to be fed out in accordance with the wire pulling operation of the second winch 40. Thereby, the independence of each sludge storage part 17 until then is cancelled | released, and those sludge storage parts 17 and 17 mutually communicate, and it becomes one big space.

  In this state, if the hose 20 of the vacuum wheel 19 is inserted from the work cylinder 33 into the sludge reservoir 17 and sucked with negative pressure in the same manner as in FIG. 15, sludge accumulated in the lower portion of the treatment tank 1 is reduced. It is possible to discharge efficiently in one operation. Further, the filter medium 4 can also be cleaned by inserting the air hose 22 of the compressor 21 from the work cylinder 33 and blowing compressed air as a cleaning medium upward from the sludge reservoir 17 in the same manner as in FIG. it can.

  When the work such as the sludge pumping is completed, the stopper jig 42 is lowered and returned to the original state, and the specific movable partition plate 35 comes into contact with the stopper jig 42 using the first winch 39. Then, each movable partition plate 35 is returned to the original closed state until it is locked. At this time, the second winch 40 is allowed to easily allow the corresponding wire 41 to be fed out in accordance with the wire pulling operation of the first winch 39.

  As described above, according to the fourth embodiment, unlike the third embodiment, sludge accumulated in the lower portion of the treatment tank 1 can be pumped at a stroke by a single operation.

Cross-sectional explanatory drawing of the principal part which shows the basic concept of the system concerning this invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Plan explanatory drawing of the wetland type | system | group water purification process system which provided the water surface exposure part in the artificial wetland as the 1st Embodiment of this invention. Cross-sectional explanatory drawing which follows the XX line of FIG. Cross-sectional explanatory drawing which follows the YY line | wire of FIG. Explanatory drawing at the time of sludge discharge work. Explanatory drawing at the time of a filter medium washing | cleaning operation | work. Cross-sectional explanatory drawing which shows the other example of a sludge storage part. Cross-sectional explanatory drawing which shows the other example of a sludge storage part similarly. Cross-sectional explanatory drawing which shows the further another example of a sludge storage part. Cross-sectional explanatory drawing which shows the modification of FIG. Plane | planar explanatory drawing of the state which covered and concealed the water surface with the artificial wetland as the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. Cross-sectional explanatory drawing which follows the X1-X1 line | wire of FIG. Cross-sectional explanatory drawing which follows the Y1-Y1 line | wire of FIG. Cross-sectional explanatory drawing of the wetland type | system | group water purification processing system which shows the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. Explanatory drawing which shows the sludge discharge | emission work in the system of FIG. Cross-sectional explanatory drawing of the wetland type | system | group water purification process system which shows the 4th Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 17 is an enlarged explanatory diagram of a main part of FIG. 16. Cross-sectional explanatory drawing which shows the operation state of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Treatment tank 2 ... Water intake 3 ... Discharge port 4 ... Filter medium 5 ... Polluted water 6 ... Water channel 7a, 7b ... 7n ... 1st, 2nd ... nth lower osmosis | permeation board 8a, 8b-8n ... 1st, 1st 2 ... n-th upper overflow plate 9 ... lower infiltration plate lower infiltration channel 12 ... artificial wetland 13 ... aqueous plant 14 ... water surface exposed portion 16 ... midsole plate 17 ... sludge reservoir 24 ... tubular body (sludge Reservoir)
29 ... Tubular body (sludge storage part)
30 ... Wetland base 31 ... Base support material 35 ... Movable partition plate

Claims (7)

A water channel is formed to flow the polluted water from the inflow side to the discharge side of the constructed wetland to which the polluted water is supplied, and a plurality of upper overflow plates and lower infiltration are formed in the water channel in a direction substantially orthogonal to the flow of the polluted water. The plates are arranged alternately, and at the position of the upper overflow plate, polluted water is allowed to flow over the upper end of the upper overflow plate, and at the position of the lower seepage plate, the polluted water is permeated at the lower end of the lower seepage plate. The polluted water is purified by the filter medium laid in the water channel and the plant vegetated in the constructed wetland while infiltrating through the flow path for the water and generating a vertical flow in the contaminated water by the upper overflow plate and the lower permeation plate In the wetland type water purification system
The installation height of each upper overflow plate is set so that the height position of the upper ends of the plurality of upper overflow plates has a negative gradient of 0 to 1/80 from the upstream side toward the downstream side. A characteristic wetland water purification system. Instead of setting the installation height of each upper overflow plate so that the height position of the upper ends of the plurality of upper overflow plates has a negative gradient of 0 to 1/80 from the upstream side toward the downstream side. ,
As the interrelationship of the permeation flow paths at the lower ends of the plurality of lower permeation plates, the lower cross section where the opening cross-sectional area of the permeation flow path at the lower end of the lower permeation plate on the downstream side is one upstream side The wetland water purification system according to claim 1, wherein the wetland type water purification system is set to have a size equal to or larger than an opening cross-sectional area of a flow path for permeation at a lower end of the permeation plate.   As the interrelationship of the permeation flow paths at the lower ends of the plurality of lower permeation plates, the lower cross section where the opening cross-sectional area of the permeation flow path at the lower end of the lower permeation plate on the downstream side is one upstream side The wetland water purification system according to claim 1, wherein the wetland type water purification system is set to have a size equal to or larger than an opening cross-sectional area of a flow path for permeation at a lower end of the permeation plate. The installation height of each upper overflow plate is set so that the height position of the upper ends of the plurality of upper overflow plates has a negative gradient of 0 to 1/80 from the upstream side toward the downstream side. Instead to,
The constructed wetland has a water surface exposed portion that exposes a part of the water surface of the polluted water, and at least a part of the surface side channel width in the flow direction of the water surface exposed portion is a specific upper overflow plate. 2. The wetland type water purification system according to claim 1, wherein the wetland type water purification system is set to be narrower than the flow path width at the position of the lower permeation plate on the upstream side at one position.   The water channel in which the filter medium is laid is partitioned into at least one of the upper overflow plate and the lower permeation plate in two or more compartments in the flow direction of the polluted water, and some or all of the compartments The wetland according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a sludge storage section is provided at a lower portion of a filter medium laying area in the section, and a portion of the water channel provided with the sludge storage section has a double bottom structure. Type water purification system. The water channel in which the filter medium is laid is divided into two or more sections in the flow direction of the polluted water with the upper overflow plate, and a sludge storage section is provided below the filter medium laying area in some or all of the sections. In the part where the sludge storage part is provided in the water channel, it has a double bottom structure,
The wetland type water purification system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a portion of the upper overflow plate that faces the sludge storage portion is movable.   The wetland type water purification system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the wetland base of the artificial wetland is disposed higher than the water level of the water channel via a base support material.

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