JP2007021279A - Dust collector - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compact dust collector with reduced impact flow speed of produced gas containing dust to a dust collecting part and reduced wear of the dust collecting part. <P>SOLUTION: This dust collector cleans gas 11 by collecting dust 12 in the gas 11, and is provided with a tube sheet 16 provided in a dust collector body 13, and dividing the inside into a gas introducing chamber 14 and a discharge chamber 15; dust collecting tubes 17 suspended from the tube sheet 16 and separating dust 12 on the surfaces of the tubes by running the gas 11 from the outside to the inside; a gas introducing pipe 18 provided in the introducing chamber 14, with a gas opening end part 18a located near the tube sheet 16 and feeding the gas 11 to the dust collecting tubes 17 in downflow; a diffuser 19 provided at the gas opening end part 18a of the gas introducing pipe 18; and a gas discharge part 21 provided in the discharge chamber 15 and discharging cleaned gas 20. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a dust collector that collects dust that is an unburned component contained in a gas from a gas source including a coal gasification furnace of a coal gasifier, for example.

2. Description of the Related Art In a coal gasification combined power generation facility equipped with a coal gasification furnace, a dust collector that collects dust (char), which is unburned in the generated gas in the coal gasification furnace, is installed.
An example of the coal gasification apparatus used for this coal gasification combined power generation facility is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 13, the coal gasifier 101 includes a coal gasifier 103 that supplies and gasifies coal 102, and a generated gas cooler 105 that cools the generated gas 104 from the coal gasifier 103. A cyclone 106 for centrifuging dust (char) 105, which is unburned in the cooled product gas 104, and a dust collector 107 for collecting dust (char) 105 remaining in the product gas 104; , A gas purifier 109 that purifies the purified product gas to obtain a purified gas 108, a hopper 110 that contains the separated or collected dust (char) 105, and a dust from the hopper 110 that is used as a coal gasification furnace. And a return pipe 111 for returning to 103.

Since dust 105 accumulates on the surface of the dust collection tube 112 of the dust collector 107, the dust is piped off by supplying the backwash gas 113 every predetermined time. The dust 105 removed is accommodated in the hopper 110.
For the removal of the dust 105, a backwashing device equipped with a backwashing nozzle is used (Patent Document 1).

  By the way, when the product gas 104 is introduced from the lower side of the dust collector 107, as shown in the schematic diagram showing the relationship between the product gas of the upper flow and the dust collection pipe in FIG. There is a problem that the dust 105 removed by the gas 113 is reattached to the surface of the dust collecting tube 112 by the generated gas 104 due to the upward flow from below before dropping.

  Therefore, as shown in the schematic diagram showing the relationship between the downflow generated gas and the dust collection pipe in FIG. 14-2, a gas introduction pipe 120 having an opening is provided in the vicinity of the tube plate 112a of the dust collector 112, It has been proposed to use a downward gas flow along the dust collection pipe 112 (Non-Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Document 2).

JP 2002-263427 A "Pole News" 1998 Winter Vol.83 Published by Pole Japan "Proceedings of the Fall Meeting of the Powder Engineering Society" November 1997, p195-198

However, when the flow rate of the product gas that retains a large amount of dust such as char is excessive, the dust 105 in the product gas 104 wears the protective coating on the surface of the dust collection pipe 112 and causes corrosion of the dust collection part. Is assumed. This, for example, when the flow velocity is 20 m / s, such as high concentrations of dust concentration is 1 g / Nm ³ or more is particularly problematic.
That is, the concentration in the vicinity of the tube plate 112a, such as the gas introduction tube 120, is high and the flow velocity is fast, so damage due to Karman vortex vibration may occur due to the impact.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 15, it is proposed to widen the rising portion 121 of the gas introduction pipe 120 in the diameter portion of the gas introduction pipe 120. However, if the cross-sectional area of the flow path is increased, There is a problem that the dimensions are large and uneconomical.

  In view of the above problems, the present invention reduces the collision flow velocity of the generated gas containing dust to the dust collection portion, can reduce wear of the dust collection portion, and can make the dust collector main body compact. It is an object to provide an apparatus.

  A first invention of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a dust collector that collects dust in a gas and purifies the gas, and is provided in the dust collector body, and the inside is gas-introduced A tube plate that is divided into a chamber and a gas discharge chamber, a dust collection part that is suspended from the tube plate, flows in the gas from the outside to the inside and removes dust on the surface thereof, and is provided in the gas introduction chamber, A gas opening end located near the tube plate, a gas introduction pipe for supplying gas to the dust collecting section by downflow, a diffuser provided at the opening end of the gas introduction pipe, and a gas discharge chamber And a gas discharge unit for discharging the purified gas.

  A second invention is the dust collector according to the first invention, wherein an opening ratio between the outlet diameter and the inlet diameter of the diffuser is 1.2 to 1.4.

  A third invention is the dust collector according to the first or second invention, wherein the cone angle of the diffuser is 20 to 60 degrees.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the dust collector according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein a gas flow rate dispersion portion is provided on a tube plate facing the opening of the diffuser.

  A fifth invention is characterized in that, in any one of the first to fourth inventions, a swirl part that forms a gas swirl flow is formed inside one or both of the diffuser and the gas supply pipe. In the dust collector.

  According to a sixth invention, in any one of the first to fifth inventions, one or more gas flow distribution plates are disposed between the diffuser opening end and the tube plate. In the dust device.

  A seventh invention is the dust collector according to the sixth invention, wherein the flow straightening plate is a ring-shaped gas flow dispersion plate.

  An eighth invention is the dust collector according to any one of the first to seventh inventions, wherein the gas introduction pipe is provided at the center of a plurality of dust collectors.

  A ninth aspect of the present invention is the dust collector according to any one of the first to eighth aspects, further comprising a backwashing unit that is provided in the gas discharge chamber and supplies backwashing gas to the dust collecting pipe. It is in.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the collision flow velocity with respect to the dust collection part of the produced gas containing dust can be reduced, wear of a dust collection part can be reduced, and a dust collector main body can be made compact.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. In addition, constituent elements in the following embodiments include those that can be easily assumed by those skilled in the art or those that are substantially the same.

A dust collector according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a dust collector according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a plan view and a side view of the main part.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a dust collector 10 </ b> A according to the present embodiment is a dust collector that purifies the gas 11 by collecting dust 12 in the gas 11. A pipe plate 16 that divides the inside into a gas introduction chamber 14 and a gas discharge chamber 15, and a plurality of pipe plates that hang down from the tube plate 16. And a gas inlet pipe 18 that is provided in the gas inlet chamber 14, has a gas opening end 18 a in the vicinity of the pipe plate 16, and supplies the gas 11 to the dust pipe 17 in a down flow. And a diffuser 19 provided at the opening end portion 18a of the gas introduction pipe 18 and a gas discharge portion 21 provided in the gas discharge chamber 15 for discharging the purified gas 20.
In addition, the illustration of a backwashing unit that is provided on the gas discharge chamber 15 side and that supplies backwashing gas to the dust collecting pipe 17 is omitted.

  The diffuser 19 has an opening having a diameter larger than the diameter of the end of the gas introduction pipe 18 at the upper side, and decelerates the flow rate of the gas 11 introduced from the gas introduction pipe 18 into the gas introduction chamber 14. ing.

In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the dust collection pipes 17 are suspended from the tube plate 16, and a plurality of the dust collection pipes 17 are arranged substantially radially around the gas introduction pipe 18.
By providing the diffuser 19, damage to the dust collection pipe 17 disposed in the vicinity of the gas introduction pipe 18 is eliminated as a result of the flow velocity of the gas 11 being reduced.

Further, the inlet cross-sectional area can be reduced, and the dust collector main body 13 can be made small and compact, which is economical.
Here, the gas 11 to be processed by the dust collector of the present invention is not limited to the gas produced by coal gasification containing char as dust, but a large amount of fine particles that damage the dust collection pipe. Any gas may be used as long as it contains a gas (for example, the dust concentration is 1 g / Nm ³ or more).

Here, as shown in FIG. 3, the opening ratio of the outlet diameter D1 and the inlet diameter D2 of the diffuser 19 is preferably 1.2 to 1.4.
As shown in the relationship diagram of the diameter expansion ratio and flow rate reduction ratio of the diffuser in FIG. 4, the flow rate reduction effect is small when the opening ratio is 1.2 or less, while the opening ratio is 1.4 or more. This is because there is no further effect of reducing the flow rate. The flow rate is the fastest flow rate when the gas 11 contacts the dust collection pipe 17.
Here, in FIG. 3, the relationship between the diffuser 19 and the gas introduction pipe 18 is shown as an example. The opening diameter D1 of the diffuser 19 is 650 mm, the pipe diameter D2 of the gas introduction pipe is 550 mm, and the height of the tube plate 16 and the diffuser 19 is high. The length h is 430 mm, but the present invention is not limited to these.
Note that the distance W between the dust collection pipe 17 and the gas introduction pipe is preferably set such that each dust collection apparatus is not clogged by dust in the gas, and may be set as appropriate.

  Further, the cone angle (α) of the diffuser 19 is preferably set to 20 to 60 degrees. This is because, as shown in the relationship diagram between the cone angle of the diffuser and the maximum dust flow rate on the dust collecting part surface in FIG. 5, the flow rate reduction effect is not exhibited when the cone angle is 20 degrees or less and 60 degrees or more. In FIG. 5, the conventional white circle mark is a case where the diameter is large without installing a diffuser at the inlet of the introduction pipe as shown in FIG. 15. The case where a diffuser is not installed is shown.

Next, a dust collector according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a dust collector according to the second embodiment. The same members as those in the apparatus of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 6, the dust collector 10 </ b> B according to the present embodiment is a dust collector according to the first embodiment, in which a gas flow distribution unit 25 is installed on the back side of the tube plate 16.

  By installing the gas flow distribution unit 25, the gas flow of the gas discharged from the diffuser 19 becomes homogeneous due to the collision with the gas flow distribution unit 25, and the flow velocity at which the dust-containing dust gas collides with the dust collection pipe 17 can be reduced. It becomes. Thick members can be used for the projections of the gas flow distribution unit 25, and durability against abrasion caused by dust contained in the gas 11 can be ensured.

  3 has a triangular cross-sectional shape, but the present invention is not limited to this, for example, other shapes shown in FIGS. 7-1 and 7-2. Also good.

  The gas flow distribution unit 26 shown in FIG. 7A has a rectangular shape. 7-2 has a concave lens shape in cross section. Note that any shape other than the above can be adopted as long as it exhibits the effect of reducing the flow rate of the gas 11.

Next, a dust collector according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a dust collector according to the third embodiment. The same members as those in the apparatus of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 8, the dust collector 10 </ b> C according to the present embodiment is a dust collector according to the first embodiment, in which a swivel portion 31 is formed on the inner surfaces of the gas introduction pipe 18 and the diffuser 19.

  The swivel unit 31 may be provided with a projecting swivel protrusion on the inner surface. Due to the installation of the swirling protrusions, the gas 11 swirls in the flow path and spreads at the outlet by the action of centrifugal force, so that the gas flow becomes uniform and the dust-containing dust gas is a dust collecting part and collides with the dust collecting pipe 17. The flow rate can be reduced.

  In addition, in the present Example, although the turning part 31 was formed over both the said diffuser 19 or the gas supply pipe | tube 18, it may be either.

  Further, when the gas flow distribution unit 25 of the second embodiment is installed, the swivel unit 31 may be further installed.

Next, a dust collector according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a dust collector according to a fourth embodiment. The same members as those in the apparatus of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 9, the dust collector 10 </ b> D according to the present embodiment is the dust collector according to the first embodiment, in which a gas flow distribution plate 32 is disposed between the opening end of the diffuser 19 and the tube plate 16. It is made.

  The gas flow distribution plate 32 preferably has an outer diameter substantially the same as the opening diameter D1 of the diffuser 19. The installation position is preferably an intermediate position between the tube plate 16 and the diffuser or an opening side slightly from the intermediate position.

  By installing the gas flow distribution plate 32, as shown in FIG. 9, the upward gas flow discharged from the diffuser 19 collides with the gas flow distribution plate 32 and is distributed to the left and right, and the gas in the central portion is dispersed. The tube 32 passes through an opening 32a provided at the center of the plate 32 and collides with the tube plate 16 to be distributed left and right.

  At this time, the central opening 32a of the gas flow distribution plate 32 may be circular as shown in FIG. 10A, rectangular as shown in FIG. Any oval shape may be used.

  Further, the opening area ratio of the gas flow rate dispersion plate 32 is set to 0.5 to 0.6 as shown in the relationship diagram between the dispersion plate opening area ratio and the dust collecting component surface maximum flow velocity ratio in FIG. It is preferable from the flow rate ratio.

Further, the gas flow distribution plate 32 may be installed in a single case as shown in FIG. 9, but a plurality of gas flow distribution plates 34 are arranged as shown in the dust collector 10E of FIG. You may do it.
In the case of a plurality, the shape and size may be the same or different.

  As described above, the dust collector according to the present invention can reduce the collision flow velocity of generated gas containing dust to the dust collector, reduce wear of the dust collector, and make the dust collector main body compact. For example, it is suitable for use in a dust collector in a coal gasifier system.

1 is a schematic view of a dust collector according to Embodiment 1. FIG. It is the top view and side schematic diagram which concern on the principal part of the dust collector which concerns on Example 1. FIG. It is a related figure of the gas introduction pipe and diffuser of the dust collector which concerns on Example 1. FIG. It is a related figure of the diameter expansion ratio of a diffuser, and the flow velocity reduction rate. It is a related figure of the cone angle | corner of a diffuser, and a dust collection component surface maximum flow velocity ratio. 6 is a schematic diagram of a dust collector according to Embodiment 2. FIG. It is the schematic of the dust collector provided with the other gas flow velocity dispersion | distribution part which concerns on Example 2. FIG. It is the schematic of the dust collector provided with the other gas flow velocity dispersion | distribution part which concerns on Example 2. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a dust collector according to Embodiment 3. FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a dust collector according to Embodiment 4. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a gas flow velocity dispersion plate according to Example 4. FIG. 6 is a schematic view of another gas flow velocity dispersion plate according to Embodiment 4. FIG. It is a relationship figure of a dispersion plate opening area ratio and dust collection component surface maximum flow velocity ratio. It is the schematic of the other dust collector which concerns on Example 4. FIG. It is the schematic of a coal gasifier. It is a schematic diagram which shows the relationship between the produced gas of an upper flow, and a dust collecting pipe. It is a schematic diagram which shows the relationship between the produced gas of a down flow, and a dust collecting pipe. It is the schematic of the conventional dust collector.

Explanation of symbols

10A to 10E Dust collector 11 Gas 12 Dust 13 Dust collector body 14 Gas introduction chamber 15 Gas discharge chamber 16 Tube plate 17 Dust collection tube 18 Gas introduction tube 19 Diffuser 20 Purified gas

Claims (9)

A dust collector that purifies gas by collecting dust in the gas,
A tube plate provided in the dust collector main body and dividing the inside into a gas introduction chamber and a gas discharge chamber;
A dust collecting part that hangs down from the tube plate and flows the gas into the inside from the outside to remove dust on the surface;
A gas introduction pipe that is provided in the gas introduction chamber, has a gas opening end in the vicinity of the tube plate, and supplies gas to the dust collection section by downflow;
A diffuser provided at the opening end of the gas introduction pipe;
A dust collector, comprising: a gas discharge unit that is provided in the gas discharge chamber and discharges purified gas. In claim 1,
The dust collector, wherein an opening ratio between an outlet diameter and an inlet diameter of the diffuser is 1.2 to 1.4. In claim 1 or 2,
A dust collector, wherein the diffuser has a cone angle of 20 to 60 degrees. In any one of Claims 1 thru | or 3,
A dust collector, wherein a gas flow rate dispersion portion is provided on a tube plate facing the opening of the diffuser. In any one of Claims 1 thru | or 4,
A dust collector comprising a swirl part that forms a swirl flow of gas inside one or both of the diffuser and the gas supply pipe. In any one of Claims 1 thru | or 5,
One or more gas flow distribution plates are disposed between the diffuser opening end and the tube plate. In claim 6,
The dust collector is characterized in that the rectifying plate is a ring-shaped gas flow dispersion plate. In any one of Claims 1 thru | or 7,
The dust collector is characterized in that the gas introduction pipe is provided at the center of a plurality of dust collectors. In any one of Claims 1 to 8,
A dust collecting apparatus, comprising: a back cleaning unit that is provided in the gas discharge chamber and supplies back cleaning gas to the dust collecting unit.

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