JP4676182B2 - Cyclone equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a cyclone apparatus that removes particulate matter (solid) such as soot and dust contained in exhaust gas discharged from various combustion furnaces and dryers using centrifugal force.

  As a device for removing particulate matter (solids) in exhaust gas including soot and dust from boilers and garbage incinerators, or dust discharged from sludge dryers in sewage treatment facilities, it is generally centrifuged by swirling the flow of exhaust gas Cyclone devices that separate and remove solids by force and purify exhaust gas are widely used.

  This cyclone device is widely used in various fields such as purification treatment of not only exhaust gas but also fluid containing particulate matter. As an example, the “cyclone device” of Patent Document 1 is known. This conventional cyclone device removes abrasive grains from a coolant liquid containing chips, abrasive grains and the like discharged from an industrial machine such as a grinding machine, and performs coolant filtration.

  This cyclone device for coolant filtration connects an inlet nozzle that introduces coolant in a tangential direction to the swivel part to remove chips, abrasive grains, etc. contained in the coolant by centrifugal force. The purified coolant discharge pipe is connected to the center of the cylindrical portion, and the lower end of the conical portion is opened as a lower nozzle port to discharge solid particles. The cylindrical portion and the conical portion of the swivel portion are made of a ceramic material having excellent wear resistance, and are a cyclone device having excellent wear resistance due to turning of chips and abrasive grains contained in the coolant.

  By the way, as for the general cyclone device other than the above-mentioned patent document 1, the material of the swivel part is made of metal for economical reasons, and for this reason, the dust from the fluid containing particulate matter such as exhaust gas, coolant, When dust is removed as a swirling flow, the inner wall of the swirling portion is worn due to friction caused by these minute particulates. Therefore, the conventional general countermeasure is to install a wear-resistant castable on the inner surface of the swivel part (including the cylindrical part and the conical part), and replace the worn castable about once a year. In the cyclone device, cemented carbide is welded over the entire inner surface of the swivel portion to prevent damage due to wear of the main body.

However, if any of the above-mentioned conventional general wear prevention measures or the measures according to Patent Document 1 is adopted, the manufacturing cost and the running cost increase, so that the above measures are used for special equipment. However, it is generally difficult to use in terms of price, and the above measures are not necessarily taken. Accordingly, there is a demand for a cyclone device having a structure with long-term wear resistance that is provided with measures for wear resistance without increasing manufacturing costs and running costs. Has not been made.
JP 2001-149815 A

  In consideration of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention uses the same material for the main body of the apparatus with a simple configuration from a fluid to be treated including particulate matter such as soot and dust discharged from a high-temperature incinerator and sludge dryer. It is an object of the present invention to provide a highly abrasion-resistant cyclone device that can efficiently remove particulates using a metal material.

As a means for solving the above-described problems, the present invention provides a swirl that swirls an inflow pipe that feeds a fluid to be processed to be processed to remove the particulate matter when particulate matter such as soot and dust is mixed in the gas. parts to connect to the tangential direction, separated particulates by centrifugal force caused by the turning of the fluid in the cyclone device for removing, turning unit consists of a conical part which follows below the cylindrical portion and its predetermined region of the conical portion cyclone is characterized by providing a predetermined pore size, a communicating hole of a predetermined number, as swirl flow can be discharged so as not to落込no turbulence outside the conical portion, and the particulates to the conical outer to It was a device.

  According to the cyclone apparatus configured as described above, most of the particulate matter contained in the fluid to be treated is removed, and the exhaust gas is purified and discharged so as not to have a significant effect even if released to the outside. The fluid to be treated swirls in the cylindrical portion and centrifugal force acts, and the heavy granular material moves from the center to the outer peripheral direction and reaches the inner wall. Since the granular material that has reached the inner wall descends slowly while swirling while the gas descends with a steep turning inclination, the flow of the gas and the particulate matter moves differently and swirls downward.

  However, the granular material continues to turn under the influence of the circular motion of the gas until it reaches the lower part of the cyclone and stops. At this time, in the cylindrical portion, the granular material descends while swirling, but when moving from the cylindrical portion to the conical portion, the granular material is further outwardly pressed against the inner wall of the cylindrical portion by centrifugal force, that is, the upward conical portion. Then, the force that moves upward acts, while the force that descends due to gravity (self-weight) works together and balances, and the same part (level) keeps swirling while being affected by the swirling flow of gas.

For this reason, if the granular material separating means by the communication hole is not provided, the granular material serves as an abrasive, and wear of each part occurs and progresses, and the granular material becomes small due to wear or crushing. In such a case, an imbalance of the force is generated, and the turn is continued until the balance is reached and the imbalance is restored. However, in order to prevent the occurrence of such a state , particulate matter separating means is provided in addition to the original discharge part of the cyclone device , and during the horizontal turning of the longest one round length through the communication hole of the separating means. In addition, each granular material is extruded from the conical portion to the outside and separated and removed from the fluid to be treated.

  In the cyclone device of the present invention, the particulate matter separating means is provided at the conical portion so that the particulate matter is extruded to the outside without causing disturbance in the swirling of the air current, and separated and removed from the fluid to be processed. Even if the part is formed using the same general metal material as before, the wear resistance is remarkably improved, and maintenance (maintenance) such as replacement and repair of the cone part is not required over a long period of time, In addition, a very remarkable effect is obtained in that it can be manufactured at an economical cost.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an overall schematic configuration diagram of a cyclone device SG (solid and gas separation cyclone) according to an embodiment. The cyclone device SG is an inlet pipe 1 for feeding the fluid to be treated G _0, to pivot the fluid G ₀ by the action of centrifugal force, separates the particulates contained in the fluid G _0, the turning unit for removing 2 and the discharge pipe 5 that discharges the treated fluid G ₁ that has been separated, removed and purified by the particulate matter, and the particulate matter that has been separated and removed by the particulate matter separation means 6 described later. And a collecting section 7.

The fluid G _{0 to} be treated is a gas containing particulate matter such as soot and dust discharged from a high-temperature incinerator, boiler, melting furnace, sludge dryer, etc., and may be harmful or affect the natural environment if left as it is. This is a fluid that always needs to be treated to remove particulate matter. Inlet pipe 1, as shown in (b) diagram of Figure 1, it is connected tangentially to the outer circumference with respect to the turning section 2 is configured to produce a swirling flow in the fluid to be treated G ₀ which has flowed .

The swivel unit 2 includes a cylindrical portion 3 that receives the fluid G ₀ to be processed and a conical portion 4 that continues below the cylindrical portion 3. The cylindrical portion 3 protrudes upward through the top plate at the center thereof, in the illustrated example, about 2/3 in the length direction and closing the upper end of the cylindrical portion 3. Is provided with a discharge pipe 5. The lower end of the discharge pipe 5 is opened, the particulate matter is separated and removed, and the purified treated fluid G ₁ is sent upward from the lower end and discharged to the outside through a connection pipe (not shown).

The conical portion 4 is formed in a long conical shape whose diameter decreases downward, and a lower end thereof is formed as a lower discharge portion 4a that discharges the remaining particulate matter that is gradually dropped and collected along the inner wall. The lower discharge portion 4a is small enough not interfering to treated fluid G ₁ above to the discharge pipe 5 is directed. Moreover, the granular material separation means 6 is provided in the wall surface over the fixed range below from the upper end of the cone part 4. As shown in FIG. The granular material separating means 6 includes a plurality of communication holes 6a, 6b, 6c,... That communicate the inside of the conical portion 4 with the outside.

The communication holes 6a, 6b, 6c... Are formed by connecting a large number of small holes 6a ₁ , 6a ₂ , 6a ₃ ... In a circular arc shape as shown in FIG. Similarly, the first-stage communication hole 6a can be formed over multiple stages in the same manner. At this time, the size and pitch of the large number of small holes 6a ₁ , 6a ₂ ,... Generate turbulent flow in the fluid G ₀ swirling at each level of the communication holes 6a, 6b, 6c. Set to a diameter and dimensions that are not too large. In particular, if the diameter is too large, the swirling flow falls outside, the undulations increase, and the centrifugal force is applied, so it is pushed back to the wall side and turbulent flow (vortex flow) occurs in the swirling flow (see Fig. 4). ), Set to a predetermined diameter according to the intended use and equipment scale.

When the pitch of the large number of small holes 6a ₁ , 6a ₂ ,... Is less than a predetermined dimension, arc-shaped slits 6ab, 6bb, 6cb,. May be provided. Furthermore, any of various modified examples such as (c), (d), and (e) in FIG. 2B can be adopted.

  Although an example in which only one set of the granular material separating means 6 is provided for the conical portion 4 is shown, it is desirable to provide at least two or three or more places on the entire peripheral surface of the conical portion 4 in an actual apparatus. The swivel unit 2 is made of a general metal material without using a conventional special material (a cemented carbide or a ceramic material).

  The collecting unit 7 corresponds to the granular material separating means 6 so that it can collect the granular material extruded from its many small holes or slits, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. A collecting port 7a having a width and a length corresponding to the dotted line is attached to the outer periphery of the conical portion 4, and an on-off valve 8 (manual) is provided in the middle of the connecting pipe below the conical portion 4 so that a predetermined amount of particulate matter is removed at regular intervals. It is made to fall in the accommodation bucket 9 below so that it can be discharged. Further, as described above, when the separation means 6 is provided at a plurality of locations, the collecting portions 7 are also provided at a plurality of locations correspondingly. However, the connecting pipes may connect the ones of the plurality of collecting portions 7 to each other and drop into the accommodation bucket 9 at one place.

According to the cyclone device of the embodiment having the above-described configuration, the particulate matter is effectively removed from the fluid G ₀ flowing from the inflow pipe 1, and the wear of the inner wall of the processing portion, particularly the conical portion 4, is made of metal. Even if the conical portion 4 is formed of a material, since the particulate matter is almost removed by the separating means 6, a function of high wear resistance that can withstand long-term use can be obtained. When the fluid to be treated G ₀ mixed with particulate matter flows into the cylindrical portion 3 of the swivel unit 2, the fluid G ₀ starts swirling by the kinetic energy of the fluid, and the swirling generates a centrifugal force in the cylindrical portion 3. , Descends below the cylindrical portion 3.

  For this reason, the gas with a low weight moves down to the center by the action of the centrifugal force and the granular material with a heavy weight descends while moving in the outer peripheral direction, but the fluid from which each granular material has been removed is reversed to the discharge pipe. It goes to 5 and is discharged outside. On the other hand, the heavy granular material moved in the outer peripheral direction reaches the inner wall D point of the cylindrical portion 3 as shown in FIG. When this granular material descends to the point E of the conical part 4 while swirling while being swung, it is further pushed outward by the centrifugal force against the inner wall of the conical part 4, that is, on the inner surface of the conical upward as indicated by an arrow. A force that moves diagonally upwards works, and a force that moves downwards by gravity (self-weight) also works.

  In the state where the peripheral speed (centrifugal force action), the force acting on both the upper and lower sides according to the weight and the particle size are balanced, the same part (level) is swung horizontally and the wear action continues. If the granular material itself turns and rubs, the volume decreases or is crushed and the influence of centrifugal force is reduced, the balance is broken and the force acting up and down becomes unbalanced and the granular material moves downward, but the downward movement In this position, the cone portion becomes thinner, the peripheral speed becomes faster, the centrifugal force becomes stronger, the above-mentioned vertical force is balanced again, and many small holes or slits of the granular material separating means 6 are formed at the level of point E. If it is not provided, the turning wear is repeated at the moved part.

In this way, one granular material wears over the entire inner wall of the conical portion 4 while moving from point E to E ₁ → E ₂ sequentially. As the number of granular materials increases, the wear increases. Therefore, if this granular material can be removed to the outside of the conical portion 4 with at least one perimeter (extraction of one place), the wear is almost eliminated and it can withstand long-term use. For this reason, in this embodiment, the granular material separating means 6 is provided in at least one place on the circumference of the conical portion 4, thereby extruding the granular material located on the inner wall surface within a maximum length of one circumference, It can be collected and discharged by the collection unit 7.

That is, the granular material moves while turning from the point D to a balanced position E, E ₁ or E _2, but at each level, it turns horizontally and reaches the E ′, E ₁ ′, E ₂ ′ part. The particulate matter passes through a number of small holes or communication holes formed by slits of the particulate matter separating means 6 provided in the conical portion 4 and is collected by the collection port 7a. To be discharged. In the above description, the action of preventing the phenomenon that the inner wall surface of the conical portion 4 is worn while one granular material descends has been described. However, FIG. The case where a granular material reaches | attains the inner wall of G point is shown.
At this time, as shown in FIGS. 2A (b) and 2 (b '), the communication hole 6 is formed by forming slits 6ab, 6bb ... in an arc shape, and the slits overlap in the direction of the swirling flow. However, if the particles are arranged in the vertical direction, the particles reach the slit position while extending a maximum of one round in the conical portion 4 in the horizontal direction, so that the removal efficiency of the particles through the communication holes (slits) 6 is achieved. Is improved, and wear of the cone portion 4 is further prevented.

  The size of the granular material contained in the fluid to be treated varies. For this reason, depending on the type and location of the granular material, the granular material does not immediately reach the peripheral walls of point D and point E, but descends in the swirling flow. Some of them reach F point and G point on the way. These granular materials reach the peripheral walls of point D and point E when descending to their respective levels, and then turn horizontally at points D and F in the same manner as at point E and are the same as point E '. The particulate matter is removed at the points F ′ and G ′ (however, the points D, E, to F ′ and G ′ are assumed points).

  In addition, although most of the particulate matter is removed from the swirling flow by the particulate matter separating means 6 of the cone portion 4, a part of the particulate matter that falls along the inner wall of the cone portion 4 is included. It is discharged from the lower discharge portion 4 a of the conical portion 4.

  The cyclone device of the present invention can almost separate and remove particulate matter from the fluid to be treated, and since the material of the device body is the same as the conventional material, various exhaust gases such as a garbage incinerator, melting furnace, boiler, sludge dryer are discharged. Can be widely used in equipment to do.

(A) Whole schematic block diagram of cyclone apparatus of embodiment, (b) Top view from arrow B of (a) figure, (c) Partial expanded sectional view of a cone part (A) Partial side view, (a ') Perspective view, (b) Partial side view of another example, (b') Perspective view (C)-(e) partial side view of the granular material separation means of the same apparatus Explanatory drawing of the operation of the device Explanatory drawing of action of swirling flow near communication hole ((a) small turbulent flow, (b) large turbulent flow))

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Inflow pipe 2 Swivel part 3 Cylindrical part 4 Conical part 4a Lower discharge part 5 Discharge pipe 6 Granular substance separation means 7 Collection part 7a Collection port

Claims (1)

Gas dust, particulate matter such as dust is mixed in, the inlet pipe feeding the fluid to be treated (G ₀₎ to be treated to remove particulate matter (1), the turning unit for turning the fluid (G ₀₎ ( 2) is connected to the tangential direction, and the particulate matter is separated and removed by centrifugal force generated by the swirling of the fluid (G ₀ ), and the removed particulate matter is removed from the swivel portion (2) at the lower discharge portion (4a). In the cyclone device for removing particulate matter, the purified processed fluid (G ₁ ) is discharged from the discharge pipe (5) above the swivel part (2).
The swivel part (2) is composed of a cylindrical part (3) and a conical part (4) that follows the cylindrical part (3). A predetermined hole diameter and a predetermined number of communication holes (6) are provided in a predetermined region of the conical part (4). Is provided so that it does not become a turbulent flow that falls outside the conical portion (4), and so that the particulate matter can be discharged out of the conical portion (4), and the lower discharge portion ( 4a) from outside, the granules through the communicating hole (6) separation, followed by removal, the communication hole (6) is, which has been formed by providing a slit in a circular arc shape, the arc , Which is convex on the downstream side of the swirl flow, and reaches the slit (6) position while the granular material extends a maximum of one round in the horizontal direction in the conical portion (4) and reaches the conical portion ( extruded from 4) to the outside, so as to remove separated from the fluid to be treated (G _0), the slit (6), said pivot It formed so as to be aligned in overlapping with the vertical direction in the direction of, that the conical part the granules turning a conical portion (4) in (4) is to be prevented from being worn Features a cyclone device.

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