JP2007008792A - Silicic acid supply material for plant and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an effective and inexpensive silicic acid supply material for plant which is easily and uniformly spread to a wide area. <P>SOLUTION: The silicic acid supply material for plant comprises silicic stone powders, available silicic acid-containing powders and powders containing a water soluble and/or biodegradable binder. The silicic acid supply material hardly flies apart in spreading and is provided with a structure by which the properties of soil after spreading is hardly deteriorated. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a plant silicic acid supplement for supplying silicic acid to plants by spreading it on soil and a method for producing the same.

  Replenishing silicic acid to plants, especially gramineous plants, is known to be effective in strengthening plant tissue. Conventionally, calcium fertilizers containing silicates such as calcium silicate and magnesium silicate have been used. It was used as a silicic acid supplement.

  Such a calcium fertilizer does not necessarily have many examples which show the outstanding effect except a paddy field.

  In recent years, silicic acid is being supplied to plants using silica gel, rice husk ash, or the like. Silica gel in particular has been recognized for its high silicic acid replenishment effect and was registered as a siliceous fertilizer in 1999 by the Ministry of Agriculture and Water. These powders are known to have a higher available silicic acid content than other siliceous fertilizers.

  However, since silica gel is much more expensive than calcium fertilizer, it is difficult to spread it over a wide area such as a golf course or a green park.

Such silica gel can increase the contact area with water by making the particle size finer, and can increase the elution rate and amount of silicic acid. Therefore, it is conceivable that the amount of silica gel used can be reduced as a result by using silica gel in a finer powder.
However, when such a silica gel powder or a powder such as silicic rice husk ash, which has been known in recent years, is used as a silicic acid replenisher, it is very easy to scatter when sprayed because it is a powder. It becomes extremely difficult to spread evenly.

By the way, in the following Patent Document 1, plant cultivation medium containing silica gel powder, a water retaining material, and a water-soluble binder, which is formed into a granular shape, is used as a soil used in a limited area such as when raising rice seedlings. Proposed.
In this culturing, the elution rate of silicic acid is secured by using fine silica gel powder, and the water retention capacity as cultivating is secured by using a water retaining material such as zeolite.

However, while the paddy rice is cultivated for a short period of time in a limited range, if it is sprayed regularly over a long period of time, the silica gel powder will be consumed over time. However, since the water retention material is not consumed, it remains and accumulates in the sprayed area. As a result, there is a problem for golf courses that place an emphasis on fertilization control, such as soil fertilizing power increases or water retention increases unnecessarily and root rot easily occurs.
JP 2000-262144 A

  It is an object of the present invention to provide a plant silicic acid supplement that is easy to spread uniformly over a large area and that is inexpensive and effective.

  The invention described in claim 1 is characterized in that the powder containing the available silicic acid for the plant is combined with the silica powder in a granular form by a water-soluble and / or biodegradable binder.

  The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that the available silicic acid-containing powder is silica gel powder.

  The invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that the content of the silica powder is larger than the content of the available silicic acid-containing powder.

  The invention described in claim 4 is characterized in that silicic acid is replenished to the turf.

  The invention according to claim 5 is a method for producing a silicic acid supplement for plants by mixing and granulating silica gel powder, silica stone powder, and a water-soluble and / or biodegradable binder, Silica stone powder and at least the silica gel solid are mixed.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, since the available silicic acid-containing powder is fixed by a water-soluble and / or biodegradable binder, it can be supplied if it is brought into contact with water in the soil or on the soil surface. The state-containing silicic acid-containing powder can be exposed or separated, and the contact area with water can be ensured according to the particle size of the available-state silicic acid-containing powder, so that silicic acid can be efficiently eluted. Therefore, the available silicic acid-containing powder can be reasonably used. Here, even if the available silicic acid-containing powder is fine, since it is bound in a granular form, it is difficult to scatter when sprayed, and it is easy to spray evenly over a wide area.
In addition, since silica powder has no fertilizing power, low water retention, and does not swell, even if it is repeatedly sprayed for a long period of time, it does not easily deteriorate the properties of soil such as golf courses, and it does not easily interfere with fertilization management.
Therefore, it is possible to provide an inexpensive and effective plant silicic acid supplement that is easily sprayed uniformly over a wide area and that is unlikely to interfere with fertilization management.

  According to the invention described in claim 2, since the available silicic acid-containing powder is made of silica gel powder, the available silicic acid can be efficiently eluted according to the particle diameter.

  According to the invention described in claim 3, since the content of the silica powder is larger than the content of the available silicic acid-containing powder, the amount of silica gel powder used can be reduced, and it can be produced inexpensively and effectively. .

  According to the invention described in claim 4, the silicate replenisher for plants according to claims 1 to 3 can be uniformly distributed over the entire target area, and the water retention and retention of the soil after application. It is difficult to change the fertility, and it can be used particularly suitably in places where fertilization is highly controlled, such as golf course turf and its soil, and where fertilizers are regularly sprayed repeatedly. .

According to the manufacturing method of the silicic acid supplement for plants of Claim 5, a silica stone powder and a silica gel solid are mixed. At this time, silica powder is a mineral or rock powder that has high hardness and does not cleave and is not so brittle, whereas silica gel solids are more easily pulverized than silica, so that they are in contact with each other during mixing. The silica gel solid can be ground with a hard and hard silica powder, and the silica gel powder can be easily fined.
For this reason, the silica gel solid is finely divided by the silica powder during mixing, which simplifies the effort to make the silica gel powder more effective and more available per unit weight than the raw silica gel solid. A silicic acid supplement for plants that can replenish silicic acid can be produced. Moreover, it is easy to more uniformly mix the silica powder and the available silicic acid-containing powder, that is, silica gel powder, by grinding during mixing.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
The plant silicic acid supplement in this embodiment is composed of granules containing silica powder, available silicic acid-containing powder, and a water-soluble and / or biodegradable binder. The acid-containing powder is composed of a large number of particles combined with the silica powder in a granular form by a water-soluble and / or biodegradable binder.
This silicic acid replenisher for plants is suitable for being used by being spread over a large area such as a golf course, a green park, and the like. In particular, it is used for golf course turf and its soil, etc., where fertilization is highly managed and fertilizer etc. are periodically and repeatedly sprayed to adjust the supply of various components to plants Is preferred.

  The available silicic acid-containing powder of the silicic acid supplement for plants is a powder from which available silicic acid can be directly eluted by contact with water or by the action of microorganisms or plant roots. Examples thereof include silica gel powder and siliceous rice husk ash. In addition, although it is not usually considered, when the silica powder described below can elute sufficient available silicic acid by contacting with water, this available silicic acid-containing powder is used as the silica powder. It is also possible. Among these, silica gel powder and siliceous rice husk ash have a high content of available silicic acid and can be used particularly suitably.

  As this silica gel powder, silica gel powder obtained by various methods can be used.

  Moreover, as siliceous rice husk ash, it is preferable to use those having available silicic acid equivalent to silica gel.

The particle diameter of these available silicic acid-containing powders is preferably finer, for example, 10 mesh or less, preferably 80 mesh or less.
When this particle size is large, the specific surface area is reduced and the obtained silicic acid supplement for plants is increased, so that it is difficult to perform uniform spraying. On the other hand, if it is used as a finer powder, it is possible to ensure a wide contact area with water after spraying, and it becomes possible to efficiently elute the available silicic acid, and waste of available available silicic acid-containing powder. This is preferable because it is easy to effectively use.

  Silica powder as a silicic acid supplement for plants is a silica powder that is easily obtained in nature, and is a powder formed by pulverizing minerals or rocks. Further, by-products such as recovered dust when crushing silica may be used as they are.

Such a silica powder has a high hardness whose main component is silicon dioxide. Since it is an aggregate of quartz, it is a powder that has low water retention compared to zeolite and the like, is less likely to swell due to mineral decomposition, and has no fertilizing power.
In such a silica powder, when plant silicate supplements are repeatedly sprayed and used, even if they accumulate in the soil, they increase the water retention capacity of the soil, swell and worsen drainage, Without increasing, it is possible to prevent plant root rot and drastic changes in fertilizer management.
At the same time, a substance that inhibits the elution of the available silicic acid from the available silicic acid-containing powder is not included, and the available silicic acid can be efficiently eluted.

  The particle size of the silica stone powder can be selected as appropriate, and the available powder may be used as it is, but considering the suitability of granulation, for example, it should be 10 mesh or less, preferably 80 mesh or less. Is also preferable.

Water-soluble and / or biodegradable binders for plant silicic acid supplements can integrate such available silicic acid-containing powder and silica stone powder into granular form and maintain the granular form during spraying. By contacting with water, or by being decomposed by microorganisms that are universally present in the soil or water, it is dissolved or decomposed to expose the available silicic acid-containing powder, or It can be detached from the particles of the silicic acid supplement for plants. Examples of such water-soluble and / or biodegradable binders include carboxymethyl cellulose and molasses.
In addition to these available silicic acid-containing powders, silica stone powders, and water-soluble and / or biodegradable binders, the elution of the available silicic acid from the available silicic acid-containing powders is not inhibited. It is also possible to contain other components.

  In the silicic acid supplement material for plants of this embodiment, the content ratio of each of these components can be set as appropriate, but the mixing ratio of the available silicic acid-containing powder and the silica powder is the available state. It is preferable to reduce the proportion of the available silicic acid-containing powder within a range in which a sufficient amount of silicic acid can be secured from the silicic acid-containing powder.

  Increasing the amount of silica powder relative to the amount of available silicic acid-containing powder ensures that even if a small amount of available silicic acid-containing powder, the available silicic acid-containing powder and the silica powder are homogeneously mixed. For example, a small amount of available silicic acid-containing powder can be easily dispersed uniformly over a wide area. Therefore, it is possible to easily suppress the amount of the available silicic acid-containing powder to be dispersed, and it is easy to adjust the amount of the available silicic acid-containing powder to be dispersed.

  When silica gel powder is used as the available silicic acid-containing powder, the silica gel powder has a higher elution rate of available silicic acid, and the silica gel powder is much more expensive than the silica powder, so it contains silica powder. It is better to mix more than the content of silica gel. Preferably, the ratio of the silica gel powder to the plant silicic acid supplement is preferably 10 wt% or more and 40 wt% or less, and particularly the ratio of the silica gel powder to the plant silicic acid supplement is 12.5 wt% or more and 30 wt%. Most preferably:

When the ratio of the silica gel powder is large, the obtained plant silicic acid supplement is expensive and difficult to spread over a wide area.
On the other hand, when the ratio of silica gel powder is small, a sufficient silicic acid replenishment effect cannot be obtained.

  Moreover, the ratio of the water-soluble and / or biodegradable binder to these available silicic acid-containing powders and silica stone powders may be in a range that can be formed into granules and maintained in granules when sprayed. When the ratio of the water-soluble and / or biodegradable binder is large, it is difficult to expose the available silicic acid-containing powder or the silica powder even if it comes into contact with water after spraying, or these powders are used for plant silicic acid. It becomes difficult to separate from the supply material. On the other hand, if the amount is too small, the available silicic acid-containing powder and the silica powder cannot maintain a granular shape, and uniform spraying cannot be performed.

  The proportion of the water-soluble and / or biodegradable binder varies depending on the type and concentration of the water-soluble and / or biodegradable binder used. For example, when carboxymethyl cellulose is used, 0.25 wt% It is preferred to use as a ~ 5 wt% solution.

And as such a silicic acid supplement for plants, for example, if it consists of a large number of particles having a granular shape with an average diameter of 0.25 to 1.5 mm, it is easy to hold the granularity when sprayed, Even in the case of a fine lawn such as a golf course green, it is preferable that the silicate replenisher for plants can be easily and uniformly dispersed over a wide area up to the base of the lawn.
In addition, for example, if the silicic acid supplement for plants: water is mixed so as to have a ratio of 1: 5 and shaken for 1 minute and adjusted so that the pH is within 5.5 to 7, the available silica The acid can be easily eluted, which is preferable.

  Next, the more suitable method for manufacturing such a silicic acid supplement for plants using silica gel powder is demonstrated. Here, the silica gel powder and the silica powder as described above may be granulated using a water-soluble and / or biodegradable binder.

  As the silica powder, for example, recovered dust or fine powder when producing silica sand from a chart or crystalline quartzite can be used.

Silica gel solid is mixed with the silica powder.
The silica gel solid is preferably a silica gel powder as described above that has been pulverized to such an extent that a sufficient amount of available silicic acid can be dissolved, and when such silica gel powder is mixed with silica powder by mechanical mixing means, Since silica gel powder is pulverized more easily than silica powder, it can be pulverized more finely by contacting with silica powder during mixing, and the particle size of silica gel can be made reasonably small. Further, homogeneous mixing can be achieved by simultaneous mixing and fine pulverization.

When manufacturing a silicic acid supplement for plants in this way, the silica gel solid, which would be costly and energy intensive if pulverized alone, is sufficiently pulverized to increase the available silicic acid per unit weight. Thus, a sufficient silicic acid replenishment effect can be exhibited with a small amount of silica gel.
At the time of this mixing, a water-soluble and / or biodegradable binder may be present together with the silica gel solid and the silica powder for the purpose of simplifying the production process.

  After mixing in this way, using various granulation means, the mixture is granulated into a granular shape and dried to complete the production of the spherical silicate replenisher for plants.

Examples of the present invention will be described below.
Example 1
Silica stone powder manufactured by Nippon Steel Industry Co., Ltd. having a mesh size of 90 mesh or less was used, and Toyo silica gel for fertilizers having a mesh size of 80 mesh or less (trademark, 80 wt% soluble silica) manufactured by Toyoda Chemical Co., Ltd. was used.
Silica stone powder was subjected to an analytical test according to the chemical analysis method of high siliceous raw material for ceramics of JIS M8852, and the composition thereof was SiO ₂ 78.2 wt%, Fe ₂ O ₃ 3.8 wt%, Al ₂ O. ₃ 10.8 wt%, CaO 0.2 wt%, MgO 1.1 wt%, Igloss 2.4 wt%.
Further, FINNIFX10000P (trade name, carboxymethyl cellulose, manufactured by Sanki Co., Ltd.) was used as a water-soluble binder.

  The silica gel powder was added to the silica stone powder so as to have a ratio of 12.5 wt%, and once mixed with a Henschel mixer, a 1% carboxymethyl cellulose solution was added as appropriate, and further mixed homogeneously with the Henschel mixer. Thereafter, granulation was carried out, followed by drying with hot air at 100 ° C. to produce a spherical plant silicic acid supplement having a particle size of 0.25 to 1.5 mm.

10 g of the obtained silicic acid supplement for plants (corresponding to 1.25 g as silica gel powder) is placed in a 200 ml polypropylene container, and 5 measurement samples are prepared by adding 100 ml of distilled water. The amount of elution of available silicic acid after a predetermined time was sequentially measured. The results are shown in the graph of FIG.
Here, the elution amount of available silicic acid is measured by taking out a measurement sample after a predetermined time and filtering it to obtain an eluate, and coloring the eluate by the vanad molybdenum yellow method to obtain a wavelength of 410 nm. Absorbance was measured by light.

Comparative Example 1
The same silica powder as in Example 1 was used alone as a plant silicic acid supplement without granulation, and the elution amount of available silicic acid was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. In this measurement, 10 g of silicic acid powder was accommodated in a polypropylene container.
The obtained results are shown in the graph of FIG.

Comparative Example 2
The same silica gel powder as in Example 1 was used alone as a plant silicic acid supplement without granulation, and the elution amount of available silicic acid was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. In this measurement, 1.25 g of silica gel powder was accommodated in a polypropylene container.
The obtained results are shown in the graph of FIG.

Comparative Examples 3 and 4
The particle size of the silica gel powder was 40 mesh or less (Comparative Example 3), or 5 mesh or less and larger than 10 mesh (Comparative Example 4). Using alone as a silicic acid supplement for plants, the amount of available silicic acid eluted was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. In this measurement, 1.25 g of silica gel powder was accommodated in each polypropylene container.
The obtained results are shown in the graph of FIG.

The above results of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are based on the initial prediction that the available silicic acid elution concentration of the plant silicic acid supplement of Example 1 is the sum of the elution concentrations of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. It was thought that it approximated.
However, as apparent from FIG. 1, the available silicic acid elution concentration of the plant silicic acid supplement of Example 1 was clearly higher than the sum of the elution concentrations of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. The elution concentration of available silicic acid from the silicic acid supplement for plants prepared by mixing silica gel powder and silica powder together with carboxymethyl cellulose into granules, so that silica gel powder and silica powder are not granulated. It was higher than the sum of the elution concentrations of the plant silicic acid supplements used alone.
The reason for this is not clear, for example, various effects such as the effect of combining silica gel powder and silica powder, and the strength weak silica gel is further ground when mixing high hardness silica powder and silica gel powder. It can be presumed to be caused by interaction.

Further, when the elution concentration of Example 1 was compared with the elution concentration of Comparative Example 1 as a percentage, the result shown in Curve A of FIG. 2 was obtained, and when the elution rate and magnification of Comparative Example 3 were compared, The result shown in curve B of 2 was obtained.
As is apparent from the curves A and B in FIG. 2, the effect of the interaction as described above is particularly prominent at the beginning of the elution time. Therefore, it can be seen that with such a plant silicic acid supplement of the present invention, the initial elution concentration after spraying can be increased, and the rapid efficacy of the plant silicic acid supplement can be easily improved.

In addition, in Example 1 above, silica stone powder and silica gel powder were granulated, whereas in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the powder was used as it was, so the influence of granulation using carboxymethyl cellulose was confirmed. .
Here, the elution concentration after 4 hours in the case where the silica stone powder of Comparative Example 1 is used in the form of powder is shown by a band graph C in FIG. 3, and the same silicic acid powder is the same as in Example 1 using carboxymethyl cellulose. The elution rate after 4 hours in the case of granulation to a size of 5 mm is shown by a band graph D.

  As is clear from FIG. 3, in the case of silica powder, the difference in elution concentration is small between the case of granulation and the case of no granulation, and rather the result that the elution concentration of silicic acid is higher in the case of no granulation is obtained. It was. Therefore, as described above, in the present invention, it was confirmed that the elution concentration of the available silicic acid was improved by the interaction between the silica powder and the silica gel powder.

Example 2
An example section in which planting soil for golf courses was laid was provided, and multiple strains of Korai turf were transplanted at regular intervals for cultivation.
14 days after the lapse after transplantation, the plants for silicate replenishing material of Example 1 was uniformly sprayed manually so that 1 m ² per 30 g / m ^2.
Here, fertilization such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium and spraying of agricultural chemicals were carried out according to conventional practices, and appropriate irrigation was performed as necessary.

The results of this cultivation are shown in the photographs of FIGS.
FIG. 4a shows a state after 3 months from the start of cultivation, FIG. 5a shows a state after 12 months of cultivation (in the photograph, a white portion indicates the ground part of the korai grass), and FIG. 6a shows an average of the korai grass after 12 months of cultivation. A typical example is one above-ground part and below-ground part.

Comparative Example 5
A target area in which the same planting soil for golf course as in Example 2 was laid was provided, and a plurality of Korai grasses equivalent to those in Example 2 were transplanted at equal intervals to carry out cultivation.
In Comparative Example 5, the fertilization of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium and the application of agricultural chemicals and irrigation were performed in the same manner as in Example 2. However, in Comparative Example 5, the silicate material was not sprayed.

The results of this cultivation are shown in the photographs of FIGS.
FIG. 4b shows a state after 3 months from the start of cultivation, FIG. 5b shows a state after 12 months of cultivation (in the photograph, the part that appears white indicates the ground portion of the korai grass), and FIG. 6b shows an average of the korai grass after 12 months of cultivation. A typical example is one above-ground part and below-ground part.

  As is clear from Example 2 and Comparative Example 5, when Example Group and Comparative Example Group after 3 months and 12 months from the start of cultivation were compared, the growth of Korai turf in Example Group was clearly Comparative Example Group. Compared to

When observing each korai turf, it can be seen that in Example 2, the subterranean portion of the korai turf is enriched and the stems are enriched as compared to the comparative example 5. Therefore, in Example 2, it can be said that Korai turf is in a healthy state.
This is because it is possible to uniformly distribute the silicic acid supplement for plants throughout the example section, thereby supplying an appropriate amount of available silicic acid to the korai grass, and as a result, It can be assumed that the activity could be increased.

It is a graph which shows the result of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-4. 5 is a graph showing a comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 and a comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 3. It is a band graph which confirms the influence by granulating using carboxymethylcellulose. It is the photograph of the state which passed for three months after the cultivation start of Example 2. FIG. It is the photograph of the state which passed for three months after the cultivation start of the comparative example 5. It is the photograph of the state which passed 12 months after the cultivation start of Example 2. FIG. It is a photograph in the state where 12 months have passed since the cultivation start of Comparative Example 5. It is a photograph of the above-ground part and the underground part of one Korai turf which is each average representative example obtained by cultivation of Example 2. It is a photograph of the above-ground part and the underground part of one Korai turf which is an average representative example obtained by cultivation of comparative example 5, respectively.

Claims (5)

A silicic acid supplement for plants characterized in that a powder containing available silicic acid for plants is combined with silica stone powder in a granular form by a water-soluble and / or biodegradable binder. The plant silicic acid supplement according to claim 1, wherein the available silicic acid-containing powder comprises silica gel powder. The silicic acid supplement for plants according to claim 2, wherein the siliceous powder content is larger than the content of the available silicic acid-containing powder. The silicic acid supplement for plants according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein silicic acid is replenished to the turf. A method for producing a silicic acid supplement for plants by mixing and granulating silica gel powder, silica stone powder, and a water-soluble and / or biodegradable binder,
A method for producing a silicic acid supplement for plants, comprising mixing the silica powder and at least the silica gel solid.