JP2006501147A - 非ワクチン治療法の治療効果を改善するための熱ショックタンパク質の使用 - Google Patents
非ワクチン治療法の治療効果を改善するための熱ショックタンパク質の使用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、非ワクチン治療方法と共に、熱ショックタンパク質(HSP)調製物又はα−2−マクログロブリン(α2M)調製物を投与することを含む、治療結果を改善する方法に関する。特に、HSP調製物又はα2M調製物を、癌又は感染性疾患の治療のための非ワクチン治療法と併せて投与する。本発明の実施に際し、抗原分子と非共有結合又は共有結合したHSP(限定するものではないが、例えばhsp70、hsp90及びgp96など)単独又はそれらの組み合わせ、あるいは抗原分子と非共有結合又は共有結合したα2M、を含む調製物を、非ワクチン治療法と併用して投与する。
本明細書における参考文献の引用又は検討は、それらが本発明に対する先行技術であると自認するものと解釈されるべきではない。
生物の免疫系は、病原体又はその他の有害な因子に対する2種類の応答、すなわち、体液性応答及び細胞性応答により反応する(Alberts, Bら、1994, Molecular Biology of the Cell. 1195-96)。休止B細胞が、抗原により活性化されて、増殖し、抗体分泌細胞に成熟すると、これらは、特有の抗原結合部位を有する抗体を産生及び分泌する。この抗体分泌反応は、体液性応答として知られている。これに対し、T細胞の多様な応答は、集合的に細胞媒介性免疫反応と呼ばれている。T細胞には、2つの主要クラス、すなわち、細胞傷害性T細胞とヘルパーT細胞がある。細胞傷害性T細胞は、ウイルス又はその他の細胞内微生物に感染した細胞を直接死滅させる。対照的に、ヘルパーT細胞は、その他の細胞の応答を刺激するのを助ける:例えば、ヘルパーT細胞は、マクロファージ、樹状細胞及びB細胞を活性化するのを助ける(Alberts, Bら、1994, Molecular Biology of the Cell. 1228参照)。細胞傷害性T細胞及びヘルパーT細胞のいずれも、標的細胞内部の外来タンパク質抗原の分解によって産生されるペプチド断片の形態の抗原を認識することから、両者とも、主要組織適合性複合体(MHC)分子に依存する。該分子は、これらのペプチド断片と結合し、これらを細胞表面に運搬して、そこでこれらをT細胞に提示する(Alberts, Bら、1994, Molecular Biology of the Cell. 1228参照)。MHC分子は、一般に、抗原提示細胞(APC)上に多量にみいだされる。
慢性骨髄性(骨髄性、骨髄球性、顆粒球性)白血病(CML)は、白血球の過剰産生を特徴とする血液及び骨髄の癌である。CMLは、慣用的な薬剤で処置した場合に3〜5年の平均持続期間を有する慢性期と、約3〜6ヶ月の持続期間の急速又は急性期と、不可避的な死の結果を特徴とする。最初は、症状及び兆候が全く又はほとんどないことが特徴の慢性期である。しかしながら、大部分の場合には、全身症状及び異常な身体的知見、例えば髄外異常(骨髄芽細胞腫など)が最終的には生じる。
熱ショックタンパク質(HSP)は、本明細書中では互換的にストレスタンパク質とも称し、以下の基準を満たすあらゆる細胞タンパク質の中から選択することができる。またこれは、細胞がストレス刺激に暴露された際にその細胞内濃度が増大するタンパク質であり、他のタンパク質又はペプチドと結合可能であり、アデノシン三リン酸(ATP)又は低pHの存在下又は酸性条件下において結合タンパク質又はペプチドを放出することができ、さらに上記の性質のいずれかを有する任意の細胞タンパク質と少なくとも35%の相同性を示すものである。HSPには、ストレスにより誘導されるタンパク質の、構成的に発現される保存された細胞相同タンパク質が含まれる。従って、ストレスタンパク質/HSPには、上記性質を有する3つのファミリーのメンバーと少なくとも35%〜55%、好ましくは55%〜75%、最も好ましくは75%〜85%のアミノ酸同一性を有する、他のタンパク質、ミューテイン、類似体及び変異体が含まれる。
α−マクログロブリンは、補体成分であるC3、C4及びC5をも含む構造的に関連したタンパク質のタンパク質スーパーファミリーのメンバーである。ヒト血漿タンパク質α(2)マクログロブリン(α2M)は、主にプロテイナーゼインヒビター並びに血漿性及び炎症性液性プロテイナーゼスカベンジャー分子として知られている720kDaのホモ四量体タンパク質である(総説としては、Chu及びPizzo, 1994, Lab. Invest. 71: 792を参照されたい)。α(2)マクログロブリンは1474アミノ酸の前駆体として合成され、そのうちシグナル配列として機能する最初の23個が切り離されて1451アミノ酸の成熟タンパク質となる(Kanら, 1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82: 2282-2286)。
本発明は、一部において、HSP調製物が非ワクチン治療法又は癌若しくは感染性疾患の治療のための治療法の治療効果を増強又は改善しうるという認識に基づいている。従って、本発明は、非ワクチン治療法と組み合わせてHSP調製物を投与することを含む方法及び組成物を包含する。また、非ワクチン治療法と組み合わせてα2M調製物を投与することを含む方法及び組成物を包含する。特に、本発明は、HSP調製物若しくはα2M調製物単独の投与、又は非ワクチン治療法単独の施行よりも良好な治療プロフィールをもたらす治療の方法及び組成物を包含する。HSP又はα2Mの供与源は、好ましくは真核生物であり、最も好ましくは哺乳動物である。治療を受ける被験体は、好ましくは哺乳動物であり、例えば限定するものではないが、ペット動物(ネコ及びイヌなど)、野生動物(キツネ及びアライグマなど)、家畜及び家禽(ウマ、ウシ、ヒツジ、シチメンチョウ及びニワトリなど)、並びに任意のげっ歯類が含まれる。被験体は最も好ましくはヒトである。
図1は、第7節に記載した臨床プロトコールの概要である。この概要は、HSP−ペプチド複合体でのワクチン接種の前、その間及びその後に行った全ての身体的検査、血液検査、X線検査及び骨髄検査を含む。
本発明は、一部において、HSP調製物が非ワクチン治療法又は癌若しくは感染性疾患の治療のための治療法の治療効果を増強又は改善しうるという認識に基づいている。従って、本発明は、非ワクチン治療法と組み合わせてHSP調製物を投与することを含む方法及び組成物を包含する。また、非ワクチン治療法と組み合わせてα2M調製物を投与することを含む方法及び組成物を包含する。特に、本発明は、HSP調製物若しくはα2M調製物単独の投与、又は非ワクチン治療法単独の施行よりも良好な治療プロフィールをもたらす治療の方法及び組成物を包含する。HSP又はα2Mの供与源は、好ましくは真核生物であり、最も好ましくは哺乳動物である。治療を受ける被験体は、好ましくは哺乳動物であり、例えば限定するものではないが、ペット動物(ネコ及びイヌなど)、野生動物(キツネ及びアライグマなど)、家畜及び家禽(ウマ、ウシ、ヒツジ、シチメンチョウ及びニワトリなど)、並びに任意のげっ歯類が含まれる。被験体は最も好ましくはヒトである。
テコガランナトリウム、テガフル、テルラピリリウム(tellurapyrylium)、テロメラーゼ阻害剤、テモポルフィン、テモゾロミド、テニポシド、テトラクロロデカオキシド、テトラゾミン(tetrazomine)、タリブラスチン(thaliblastine)、チオコラリン(thiocoraline)、トロンボポエチン、トロンボポエチンミメティック、チマルファシン(thymalfasin)、チモポエチン受容体アゴニスト、チモトリナン(thymotrinan)、甲状腺刺激ホルモン、チンエチルエチオプルプリン、チラパザミン、チタノセンビクロリド、トプセンチン(topsentin)、トレミフェン、全能性幹細胞因子、翻訳阻害剤、トレチノイン、トリアセチルウリジン、トリシリビン、トリメトレキセート、トリプトレリン、トロピセトロン、ツロステリド(turosteride)、チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤、チルホスチン(tyrphostins)、UBC阻害剤、ウベニメックス、泌尿生殖器洞由来増殖阻害因子、ウロキナーゼ受容体アンタゴニスト、バプレオチド(vapreotide)、バリオリン(variolin)B、ベクター系、赤血球遺伝子治療、ベラレソール(velaresol)、ベラミン、ベルジン(verdins)、ベルテポルフィン、ビノレルビン、ビンキサルチン、ビタキシン(vitaxin)、ボロゾール、ザノテロン(zanoterone)、ゼニプラチン(zeniplatin)、ジラスコルブ(zilascorb)及びジノスタチンスチマラマーが挙げられる。本発明の好ましい化学療法剤としては、GleevecTM(メシル酸イマニチブ)及び他のチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤が挙げられる。
HSPの主要な3つのファミリーは、分子量に基づいて特定されている。そのファミリーはhsp60、hsp70及びhsp90と呼ばれており、この数値は、そのストレスタンパク質のおおよその分子量(キロダルトン)を反映している。これらのファミリーの多くのメンバーは、他のストレス刺激、例えば限定されるものではないが、栄養欠乏、代謝破壊、酸素ラジカル、及び細胞内病原体による感染などに応答して誘導されることが見出されている(Welch, May 1993, Scientific American 56-64; Young, 1990, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 8:401-420; Craig, 1993, Science 260:1902-1903; Gethingら, 1992, Nature 355:33-45; 及びLindquistら, 1988, Annu. Rev. Genetics 22:631-677を参照のこと)。シャペロン機能に関与すると考えられているタンパク質のいくつかは、小胞体(ER)内腔に存在し、例えば、プロテインジスルフィドイソメラーゼ(PDI;Gethingら, 1992, Nature 355:33-45)、カルレティキュリン(Herbertら, 1997, J. Cell Biol. 139:613-623、hsp90に関連するGrp94又はERp99(Sorger及びPelham, 1987, J. Mol. Biol. 194:(2)341-4)、並びにhsp70に関連するGrp78又はBiP(Munroら,1986, Cell 46:291-300;Haas及びWebl, 1983, Nature 306:387-389)が含まれる。これら3つのファミリーの全てに属するHSP(かかるHSPの断片も含む)は、本発明の実施に用いることができると考えられる。また、HSPは、ストレスにより誘導されるタンパク質の構成的に発現される保存された細胞性相同タンパク質を含むことに留意されたい。
本発明において、精製された未結合HSP、特異的ペプチド若しくは非特異的ペプチドに共有結合若しくは非共有結合したHSP(本明細書中、これらをまとめてHSP−ペプチド複合体という)、及びこれらの組み合わせを使用する。複合体化形態又は非複合体化形態のHSPの精製は、以下の小節において説明する。さらに、当業者であれば、同様に以下に記載するように、組換え発現又はペプチド合成により、HSPを合成することができる。
非共有結合の細胞により生成されるhsp70−ペプチド複合体の精製は、以前に記載されており、例えば、Udonoら、1993, J. Exp. Med. 178:1391-1396を参照されたい。使用できる手順を以下に記載するが、これは例として示すに過ぎず、本発明を何ら制限するものではない:
最初に、5mMリン酸ナトリウムバッファー(pH7)、150mM NaCl、2mM CaCl2、2mM MgCl2、及び1mMフェニルメチルスルホニルフルオリド(PMSF)からなる、3容量の1×溶解バッファーにヒト又は哺乳動物細胞を懸濁させる。次に、ペレットを氷上で音波処理することにより、99%以上の細胞を溶解させるが、これは顕微鏡検定により決定される。音波処理に代わり、細胞を機械的せん断により溶解させてもよく、この手法では、細胞は、典型的に30mM炭酸水素ナトリウム(pH7.5)と1mM PMSF中に再懸濁させ、氷上で20分インキュベートした後、95%以上の細胞が溶解するまで、ダウンス型(Dounce)ホモジナイザーで均質化する。
MethA肉腫細胞(5億個の細胞)を低張性バッファー中で均質化させ、溶解物を4℃にて100,000gで90分遠心する。上清をADP−アガロースカラムにアプライする。カラムをバッファー中で洗浄し、5カラム容量の3mM ADPで溶離する。hsp70−ペプチド複合体は、溶離する合計15分画のうち2〜10分画に溶離する。溶離した分画をSDS−PAGEにより分析する。この手順を用いて、hsp70−ペプチド複合体を見かけ均質性まで精製することができる。
用いることができる手順を以下に記載するが、これは例として示すに過ぎず、本発明を制限するものではない:
最初に、5mMリン酸ナトリウムバッファー(pH7)、150mM NaCl、2mM CaCl2、2mM MgCl2、及び1mMフェニルメチルスルホニルフルオリド(PMSF)からなる、3容量の1×溶解バッファーにヒト又は哺乳動物細胞を懸濁させる。次に、このペレットを氷上で音波処理することにより、99%以上の細胞を溶解させるが、これは顕微鏡検定により決定される。音波処理に代わり、細胞を機械的せん断により溶解させてもよく、この手法では、細胞は、典型的に30mM炭酸水素ナトリウム(pH7.5)と1mM PMSF中に再懸濁させ、氷上で20分インキュベートした後、95%以上の細胞が溶解するまで、ダウンス型(Dounce)ホモジナイザーで均質化させる。
用いることができる手順を以下に記載するが、これは例として示すに過ぎず、本発明を何ら制限するものではない:
30mM炭酸水素ナトリウムバッファー(pH7.5)と1mM PMSFとからなる、3容量のバッファーにヒト又は哺乳動物細胞のペレットを再懸濁させ、細胞を氷上で20分膨潤させる。次に、95%以上の細胞が溶解するまで、細胞ペレットをダウンス型(Dounce)ホモジナイザー(ホモジナイザーの適切なクリアランスは、各細胞型に応じて変動する)で均質化させる。
用いることができる手順(Wangらにより、2001, J. Immunol. 166(1):490-7に記載)を以下に記載するが、これは例として示すに過ぎず、本発明を何ら制限するものではない:
ダウンス型(Dounce)ホモジネートにより、5容量の低張バッファー(30mN炭酸水素ナトリウム(pH7.2)とプロテアーゼ阻害剤)中で細胞又は組織、例えば、腫瘍細胞組織のペレット(40〜60ml)を均質化させる。溶解物を4,500×g、次に100,000×gで2時間遠心する。細胞又は組織が、肝臓由来のものである場合には、得られた上清をまず青色セファロースカラム(Pharmacia)に導入して、アルブミンを除去する。それ以外の場合には、結合バッファー(20mM Tris−HCl、pH7.5;100mM NaCl;1mM MgCl2;1mM CaCl2;1mM MnCl2;及び15mM 2−ME)で予め平衡化させたConA−セファロースカラム(Pharmacia Biotech、ニュージャージー州ピスカタウェイ)に、得られた上清を導入する。15%α−D−o−メチルマンノシドを含む結合バッファー(Sigma、ミズーリ州セントルイス)を用いて、結合したタンパク質を溶離する。
用いることができる手順(Wangらにより、2001, J. Immunol. 166(1):490-7に記載)を以下に記載するが、これは例として示すに過ぎず、本発明を何ら制限するものではない:
ダウンス型(Dounce)ホモジネートにより、5容量の低張バッファー(30mN炭酸水素ナトリウム(pH7.2)とプロテアーゼ阻害剤)中で細胞又は組織、例えば、腫瘍細胞組織のペレット(40〜60ml)を均質化させる。溶解物を4,500×g、次に100,000×gで2時間遠心する。細胞又は組織が、肝臓由来のものである場合には、得られる上清をまず青色セファロースカラム(Pharmacia)に導入して、アルブミンを除去する。それ以外の場合には、結合バッファー(20mM Tris−HCl、pH7.5;100mM NaCl;1mM MgCl2;1mM CaCl2;1mM MnCl2;及び15mM 2−ME)で予め平衡化させたConA−セファロースカラム(Pharmacia Biotech、ニュージャージー州ピスカタウェイ)に、得られた上清を導入する。15%α−D−O−メチルマンノシドを含む結合バッファー(Sigma、ミズーリ州セントルイス)を用いて、結合したタンパク質を溶離する。
内因性α2M−抗原分子複合体は、以下の非限定的な方法により得ることができる。
当技術分野で公知の方法を使用して、HSP及びα2Mを組換え手法により作製することができる。熱ショックタンパク質又はα2Mをコードする核酸配列を、宿主細胞における増殖及び発現のために発現ベクターに挿入しうる。
組換え手法によりHSP/α2Mを製造する以外に、ペプチド合成がある。例えばHSP/α2Mの全長又はHSP/α2Mの一部に対応するペプチドは、ペプチド合成装置を使用して合成することができる。慣用的なペプチド合成又は他の当技術分野で周知の合成プロトコールを使用しうる。
以下の小節に、本発明のHSP/α2M−ペプチド複合体の抗原/免疫原成分として有用なペプチドについて概説し、また、そのようなペプチドの同定方法、例えばHSP/α2Mと抗原分子とのin vitroにおける複合体化のためのペプチドの組換え発現に使用するペプチドの同定について概説する。しかし、本発明の実施において、例えばHSP/α2M−ペプチド複合体を癌細胞又は病原体に感染した組織から直接精製する場合には、HSP/α2M−ペプチド複合体の抗原分子の内容を知らなくてもよい。
抗原ペプチド及び/又は成分は、ATP又は低pHのいずれかの存在下においてHSP/α2M複合体から溶出可能であることがわかっている。これらの実験条件を使用して、細胞から有用な抗原決定基を含むと考えられるペプチド及び/又は抗原成分を単離することができる。各抗原ペプチドは、単離した後、そのアミノ酸配列を慣例的なアミノ酸配列決定法を用いて決定しうる。続いて、かかる抗原分子は、化学合成法又は組換え手法により生成し、精製し、そしてin vitroにおいてHSPと複合体化させることにより、本発明のHSP複合体を形成することができる。
ストレスタンパク質−ペプチド複合体からペプチドを溶出させるには、2つの方法を用いることができる。
免疫原性を有する可能性のあるペプチドのMHC分子からの単離は当該技術分野において周知であるので、本明細書では詳しくは記載しない(Falkら, 1990, Nature 348:248-251; Rotzscheら, 1990, Nature 348:252-254; Elliottら, 1990, Nature 348:191-197; Falkら, 1991, Nature 351:290-296; Demotzら, 1989, Nature 343:682-684; Rotzscheら, 1990, Science 249:283-287を参照されたい。なおこれらの開示内容は参照により本明細書に組み入れる)。
病原体の既知抗原又はある種の癌の腫瘍特異的抗原若しくは腫瘍関連抗原の抗原性を示す分子、例えば、抗原又はその抗原性部分は、HSP/α2Mと複合体化するための抗原分子として使用するために、当該技術分野で公知のものから選択してもよいし、あるいは抗体若しくはMHC分子に結合可能な(抗原性をもつ)又は免疫応答を起こすことができる(免疫原性をもつ)ものをイムノアッセイにより決定してもよい。免疫原性及び抗原性を抗体への結合を検出することにより測定するために、ラジオイムノアッセイ、ELISA(酵素免疫測定法)、「サンドイッチ」イムノアッセイ、免疫放射定量アッセイ、ゲル拡散沈降素反応、免疫拡散アッセイ、in vivo イムノアッセイ(例えばコロイド金標識、酵素標識、又はラジオアイソトープ標識を用いる)、ウエスタンブロット、免疫沈降反応、凝集アッセイ(例えばゲル凝集アッセイ、血球凝集アッセイ)、補体結合アッセイ、免疫蛍光アッセイ、プロテインAアッセイ、免疫電気泳動アッセイ等の技術を用いる競合アッセイ系及び非競合アッセイ系を含むがこれらに限らない当該技術分野において既知の種々のイムノアッセイを使用することができる。一態様では、抗体結合は一次抗体上のラベルを検出することにより検出する。他の態様では、一次抗体を、二次抗体又は一次抗体への試薬の結合を検出することにより検出する。更なる態様では、二次抗体を標識化する。イムノアッセイで結合を検出するための多くの方法が当該技術分野において既知であり、それらを使用することが考えられる。免疫原性を検出するための一実施形態では、T細胞が介在する応答を標準的な方法により、例えばin vitroでの細胞傷害性アッセイ又はin vivoでの遅延型過敏反応アッセイにより、アッセイすることができる。
HSP/α2Mと、それらが内在的にin vivoで結合したペプチドとの複合体を用いない実施形態では、HSP/α2Mと抗原分子との複合体をin vitroで生成する。当業者には理解されるように、前述の手順で単離した、又は化学的に合成した、あるいは、組換え手法により生産したペプチドを、各種の精製された天然又は組換えストレスタンパク質とin vitroで再構成して、非共有結合ストレスタンパク質−抗原分子複合体を生成することができる。あるいは、外因性抗原又は抗原若しくは免疫原断片又はその誘導体をストレスタンパク質と複合体化させることができる。ストレスタンパク質と抗原分子をin vitroで複合体化させる好ましいプロトコール例を以下に説明する。
HSP/α2Mと抗原分子との非共有結合複合体の他に、抗原分子は、HSP/α2Mと共有結合により結合させることもできる。HSP/α2Mペプチド複合体は、好ましくは細胞又は組織から精製した後に架橋する。共有結合した複合体は、B細胞応答が望まれる場合の選択肢の1つである。
本発明の特定の実施形態において、HSP/α2M抗原分子複合体は、組換え融合タンパク質である。このような組換え融合タンパク質は、抗原分子の配列と連結されたHSP/α2Mの配列から構成され、本発明の方法において使用することができる。このような組換え融合タンパク質を生成するには、当該技術分野で公知の組換え方法を利用して、抗原分子をコードする配列と融合されたHSP/α2Mをコードする核酸配列を用いて発現ベクターを構築する(Suzueら、1997, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94:13146-51)。続いて、HSP/α2M抗原ペプチド融合体を発現させ単離する。その分子の抗原ペプチド部分を特異的に設計することによって、かかる融合タンパク質を、免疫応答を誘発するために、また標的とする癌及び感染性疾患に対する免疫療法において用いることができる。
本発明はまた、本発明の治療方法を行うためのキットをも提供する。一実施形態において、かかるキットは、精製されたHSP調製物又はα2M調製物を含有する第1容器、癌の治療のための非ワクチン治療法を含有する第2容器を含む。好ましくは、癌はCMLであり、HSP調製物はhsp70−ペプチド複合体を含み、治療法がGleevecTMである。特定の実施形態において、第2容器はメシル酸イマチニブを含む。別の特定の実施形態において、メシル酸イマチニブは精製されたものである。特定の実施形態において、キットは、精製されたHSP調製物又はα2M調製物を、それ単独で投与した場合には疾患又は障害を治療するのに有効ではない量で含有する第1容器;並びに、非ワクチン治療法を、第1容器におけるHSP調製物又はα2M調製物の投与前、投与と同時又は投与後に施行した場合に、各成分を単独で投与したときの有効性の全体的な治療の有効性を改善するのに有効な量で含有する第2容器を含む。別の特定の実施形態において、キットは、精製されたHSP調製物又はα2M調製物を、それ単独で投与した場合には疾患又は障害を治療するのに有効ではない量で含有する第1容器;並びに、1種以上の非ワクチン治療法を、第1容器におけるHSP調製物又はα2M調製物の投与前、投与と同時又は投与後に施行した場合に、HSP調製物若しくはα2M調製物を単独で投与又は治療法を単独で施行したときの有効性の全体的な治療の有効性を改善するのに有効な量で含有する第2容器を含む。さらに別の特定の実施形態において、キットは、精製されたHSP調製物又はα2M調製物を、それ単独で投与した場合には疾患又は障害を治療するのに有効ではない量で含有する第1容器;並びに、それぞれ、非ワクチン治療法を、、第1容器におけるHSP調製物又はα2M調製物の投与前、投与と同時又は投与後に施行した場合に、HSP調製物若しくはα2M調製物を単独で投与又は治療法を単独で施行したときの有効性の全体的な治療の有効性を改善するのに有効な量で含有する、第2容器及び第3容器を含む。好ましい実施形態において、本発明は、第1容器に、哺乳動物の癌組織から得られた非共有結合HSP−ペプチド複合体又はα2M−ペプチド複合体の集団を含む精製されたHSP調製物又はα2M調製物、第2容器に、精製された癌化学療法剤を含む組成物、並びに第3容器に、精製されたサイトカインを含む組成物、を含むキットを提供する。特定の実施形態において、メシル酸イマチニブを含有する第2容器は、精製されたメシル酸イマチニブを含有する。
本発明の方法により治療することができる感染性疾患は、限定するものではないが、ウイルス、細菌、真菌、原生動物及び寄生生物などの感染因子により引き起こされる。
現在、多数の非ワクチン癌治療法について臨床試験が行われており、当技術分野で周知である。HSP/α2M調製物は、そのような非ワクチン癌治療法と一緒に、各種の癌の治療及び予防のために使用することができる。当業者であれば、本発明の方法に従って使用可能な、実験的かつ標準的な抗癌治療剤及び治療法を決定しうる。
LLC(D122)及びB16などの腫瘍を担持するマウスは、シクロホスファミド(Cy)とインターロイキン−12(IL−12)の組み合わせの処置に対して応答しない。二重移植実験において、MCA207(Cy+IL−12処置に応答することが知られている腫瘍)及びD122を、マウスの反対側の2つの側面に注射し、有意な大きさ(10×10mm)になるまで成長させ、その後、マウスをCy+IL−12で処置した。大きなMCA207腫瘍は迅速に退行したが、D122腫瘍は同じ動物の逆の側面において成長し続けた。この結果は、同じ動物において他の腫瘍に対しては強力な応答が存在しても、特定の腫瘍、例えばD122はCy+IL−12に応答しないことを示した。
未処理マウスは、免疫しないか、又は第0日に、5及び20μgのD122由来gp96−ペプチド複合体を皮下投与することにより免疫するか、又は2μgのD122由来gp96−ペプチド複合体を皮内投与することにより免疫した。陰性対照として、別のマウス群を、肝臓由来gp96−ペプチド複合体で免疫した。D122由来gp96−ペプチド複合体は、D122腫瘍細胞に対し内因性であり、それから単離したHSP−ペプチド複合体である。肝臓由来gp96−ペプチド複合体は、肝細胞に対し内因性であり、それから単離したHSP−ペプチド複合体である。免疫の2週間後(第14日)に、マウスを200,000個のD122細胞で皮下投与によりチャレンジした。免疫は、本発明者の以前の実験結果に従って腫瘍拒絶反応について最適以下の条件で行い、D122腫瘍は全てのマウスにおいて増殖した。腫瘍の大きさが直径10mm以上に達したとき(第32〜34日)に、マウスをCy+IL−12で処置した(Cy、3mgを腹腔内投与;IL−12、200ngを5日間かけて腹腔内投与)。
慢性期CMLの患者を治療するための自己腫瘍由来hsp70−ペプチド複合体による免疫の可能性を試験するために、以下のプロトコールを使用した(図1)。図1にまとめた臨床プロトコールは、HPS調製物でのワクチン接種の前、その間及びその後に行った全ての身体的検査、血液検査、X線検査及び骨髄検査を含む。試験を行う前に、CMLの被験者の診断を、ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)を用いて被験者から得た末梢血又は骨髄のbcr/abl分子タイピングによりbcr/ablキメラタンパク質又は転写産物の有無を測定して確認した。
参加被験者は以下の基準を満たした:米国東海岸癌臨床試験グループ(ECOG)の試験スコア2未満を示した;年齢が少なくとも18歳であり、インフォームドコンセントを得ることができた;フィラデルフィア染色体陽性の慢性期CMLという最初の診断を受けてから1年が経過していなかった;細胞遺伝学的寛解状態ではなかった;疾患の進行のために主治医によってそのような治療が必要であると認められない限り、6月以内に骨髄又は幹細胞移植を予定していなかった;ヒドロキシウレア、10日間のAra−C/日又はGleevecTM(メシル酸イマチニブ)の同時の標準的治療を維持していた;研究の参加によって健康状態が悪化するような重篤な病状を示さなかった;血清クレアチンレベルが2.0未満で適度な腎機能を示し、ビリルビン及びトランスアミナーゼが正常上限値の2.0倍未満の適度な肝機能を示した;コルチコステロイド治療又は他の免疫抑制治療を受けていなかった;カンジダ、マンプス及びPPDを用いた皮膚試験による3つの抗原のうちの少なくとも1つに対して適度な遅延型過敏症(DHT)応答により示されるアネルギーの欠如を示さなかった、すなわち硬化はその配置の48時間後に0.5cmより大きかった。
Claims (68)
- 被験体における癌の治療方法であって、
(a)該被験体に、チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤を含む少なくとも1つの治療法を施すステップ、及び
(b)精製された熱ショックタンパク質調製物を投与するステップ、
を含む上記方法。 - 癌が慢性骨髄性白血病である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 癌が慢性期にある、請求項2記載の方法。
- 癌が軟部組織肉腫である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 癌がチロシンキナーゼレセプターc−kitを発現する消化管間質腫瘍である、請求項1記載の方法。
- チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤がチロホスチン(tyrphostin)である、請求項1記載の方法。
- チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤が、メシル酸イマチニブ、ハービマイシンA、ゲニステイン、アーブスタチン、及びラベンダスチンAからなる群より選択されるものである、請求項1記載の方法。
- チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤がメシル酸イマチニブである、請求項1記載の方法。
- メシル酸イマチニブが精製されたものである、請求項8記載の方法。
- 被験体が熱ショックタンパク質調製物を使用しない少なくとも1つの治療法による処置に対して非応答性であった、請求項1記載の方法。
- 精製された熱ショックタンパク質調製物が、1以上の熱ショックタンパク質−ペプチド複合体を含み、該熱ショックタンパク質がhsp60、hsp70、hsp90、hsp110、gp96又はカルレティキュリンである、請求項1記載の方法。
- 精製された熱ショックタンパク質調製物がhsp70を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 精製された熱ショックタンパク質が治療対象の被験体の自己由来のものである、請求項1記載の方法。
- 被験体がヒトである、請求項1記載の方法。
- 治療法が、熱ショックタンパク質調製物の最初の投与前に施される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 治療法が、熱ショックタンパク質調製物の投与と同時に施される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 治療法が、熱ショックタンパク質調製物の最初の投与後に施される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 被験体における慢性骨髄性白血病の治療方法であって、
(a)該被験体に、メシル酸イマチニブを含む少なくとも1つの治療法を施すステップ、及び
(b)精製された熱ショックタンパク質調製物を投与するステップ、
を含む上記方法。 - 被験体がヒトである、請求項18記載の方法。
- メシル酸イマチニブが毎日投与される、請求項18記載の方法。
- メシル酸イマチニブが一日当たり400mg投与される、請求項20記載の方法。
- メシル酸イマチニブが一日当たり600mg投与される、請求項20記載の方法。
- メシル酸イマチニブが各日用量当たり400mgで二日間で800mg投与される、請求項20記載の方法。
- メシル酸イマチニブが熱ショックタンパク質調製物の被験体への最初の投与の前に投与される、請求項18記載の方法。
- メシル酸イマチニブが熱ショックタンパク質調製物の投与と同時に投与される、請求項18記載の方法。
- メシル酸イマチニブが熱ショックタンパク質調製物の被験体への最初の投与の後に投与される、請求項18記載の方法。
- 一日当たり200mg〜800mgのメシル酸イマチニブの投与を受けている被験体においてCMLを治療する方法であって、該被験体に、hsp70−ペプチド複合体を含む熱ショックタンパク質調製物を投与することを含む、上記方法。
- hsp70−ペプチド複合体が該被験体から得た腫瘍細胞より単離されたものである、請求項27記載の方法。
- 熱ショックタンパク質調製物が1週間に1回投与される、請求項27記載の方法。
- 精製された熱ショックタンパク質調製物を含有する第1容器と、メシル酸イマチニブを含有する第2容器とを含むキット。
- 熱ショックタンパク質調製物がhsp70−ペプチド複合体を含む、請求項30記載のキット。
- 精製された熱ショックタンパク質調製物及びメシル酸イマチニブを含む医薬組成物。
- 熱ショックタンパク質調製物がhsp−ペプチド複合体を含む、請求項32記載の医薬組成物。
- 被験体における癌の治療方法であって、
(a)癌を患う被験体に精製された熱ショックタンパク質調製物を投与するステップ、及び
(b)ステップ(a)に続いて、該被験者にワクチンではない治療法を施すステップ、
を含む上記方法。 - 治療法が化学療法、放射線療法、生物学的療法又は免疫療法である、請求項34記載の方法。
- ワクチンではない第2治療法を施すステップをさらに含む、請求項34記載の方法。
- 熱ショックタンパク質調製物が、熱ショックタンパク質−ペプチド複合体の集団を含むものであり、該ペプチドが、該被験体のその種の癌の腫瘍特異的抗原又は腫瘍関連抗原の抗原性を示すものである、請求項34記載の方法。
- HSP調製物が該被験体のその種の癌の癌組織から得られた熱ショックタンパク質−ペプチド複合体の集団を含むものである、請求項34記載の方法。
- 熱ショックタンパク質−ペプチド複合体の集団が該被験体の癌組織から得られたものである、請求項38記載の方法。
- 熱ショックタンパク質調製物が治療法を施す前に投与される、請求項34記載の方法。
- 熱ショックタンパク質調製物が、治療法を施さずに投与する場合には癌の治療に有効ではない量で投与するものである、請求項34記載の方法。
- 被験体がHSP調製物を使用しない治療法による処置に対して非応答性であった、請求項34記載の方法。
- 治療法がシクロホスファミドである、請求項34記載の方法。
- サイトカインの投与をさらに含む、請求項34記載の方法。
- 治療法がIL−12である、請求項36記載の方法。
- 癌が、ヒトの肉腫、癌腫、線維肉腫、粘液肉腫、脂肪肉腫、軟骨肉腫、骨原性肉腫、脊索腫、血管肉腫、内皮肉腫、リンパ管肉腫、リンパ管内皮肉腫、滑膜腫、中皮腫、ユーイング肉腫、平滑筋肉腫、横紋筋肉腫、大腸癌、膵臓癌、乳癌、卵巣癌、前立腺癌、扁平上皮細胞癌、基底細胞癌、腺癌、汗腺癌、脂腺癌、乳頭状癌、乳頭腺癌、嚢胞腺癌、髄様癌、気管支原生癌、腎細胞癌、肝細胞癌、胆管癌、絨毛癌、精上皮腫、胎生期癌、ウィルムス腫、子宮頸癌、精巣癌、肺癌、小細胞肺癌、膀胱癌、上皮癌、神経膠腫、星状細胞腫、髄芽腫、頭蓋咽頭腫、上衣腫、松果体腫、血管芽腫、聴神経腫、乏突起膠腫、髄膜腫、黒色腫、神経芽腫、網膜芽腫、白血病、急性リンパ性白血病、急性骨髄性白血病、慢性白血病、真性赤血球増加症、リンパ腫、ホジキン病、非ホジキン病、多発性骨髄腫、ヴァルデンストレームマクログロブリン血症、又はH鎖病である、請求項34記載の方法。
- 被験体がヒトである、請求項34記載の方法。
- 熱ショックタンパク質調製物が1以上のHSP−ペプチド複合体を含むものであり、HSPがhsp60、hsp70、hsp90、hsp110、gp96、gpr170又はカルレティキュリンである、請求項34記載の方法。
- 被験体における感染性疾患の治療方法であって、
(a)感染性疾患を患う被験体に、精製された熱ショックタンパク質調製物を投与するステップ、及び
(b)ステップ(a)に続いて、該被験体に、ワクチンではない治療法を施すステップ、
を含む上記方法。 - 被験体における癌の予防方法であって、その必要がある被験体に、精製された熱ショックタンパク質調製物とワクチンではない治療法を投与することを含む上記方法。
- 被験体における感染性疾患の予防方法であって、その必要がある被験体に、精製された熱ショックタンパク質調製物とワクチンではない治療法を投与することを含む上記方法。
- 癌の治療が必要な被験体において治療効果を改善する方法であって、
(a)該被験体に、(i)その種の癌の腫瘍特異的抗原若しくは腫瘍関連抗原の抗原性を示す、又は(ii)該被験体の癌組織から単離した、HSP−ペプチド複合体の集団を含む精製された熱ショックタンパク質調製物を最適以下の量で投与するステップ、並びに
(b)ステップ(a)に続いて、該被験体に、上記癌の治療に有効な量の1以上の治療法を施すステップ、
を含み、ステップ(b)を行わない場合には、上記最適以下の量が上記癌の治療に有効ではなく、またステップ(a)を行わない場合には、上記癌は上記治療法に応答しないものである、上記方法。 - 治療法がシクロホスファミド及びIL−12である、請求項52記載の方法。
- 非ワクチン治療法を受けている被験体における該非ワクチン治療法を用いた治療の効果を改善する方法であって、該被験体にHSP調製物を投与することを含む、上記方法。
- 治療法が、抗生物質、抗ウイルス薬、抗菌薬、化学療法剤、放射線療法、生物学的治療剤、又は免疫療法剤である、請求項54記載の方法。
- 被験体における癌の治療方法であって、
(a)該被験体に、該被験体の癌組織から得られた非共有結合HSP−ペプチド複合体の集団を含む精製されたHSP調製物を投与するステップ、及び
(b)ステップ(a)に続いて、該被験体に癌化学療法剤を投与するステップ、
を含む上記方法。 - ステップ(b)がサイトカインの投与をさらに含む、請求項56記載の方法。
- 薬剤及びサイトカインを同日に投与し、HSP調製物を別日に投与する、請求項57記載の方法。
- 薬剤がシクロホスファミドであり、サイトカインがIL−12である、請求項58記載の方法。
- 被験体がヒトである、請求項56記載の方法。
- HSP調製物が薬剤の1日以上前に投与される、請求項56記載の方法。
- HSP調製物が薬剤の少なくとも2週間前に投与される、請求項56記載の方法。
- (a)第1容器に、哺乳動物の癌組織から得られた非共有結合HSP−ペプチド複合体の集団を含む精製されたHSP調製物、
(b)第2容器に、精製された癌化学療法剤を含む組成物、並びに
(c)第3容器に、精製されたサイトカインを含む組成物、
を含むキット。 - 被験体における癌の治療方法であって、
(a)癌を患う被験体に精製されたα2M調製物を投与するステップ、及び
(b)ステップ(a)に続いて、該被験体にワクチンではない治療法を施すステップ、
を含む、上記方法。 - 被験体における癌の治療方法であって、
(a)該被験体に、該被験体の癌組織から得られた非共有結合α2M−ペプチド複合体の集団を含む精製されたα2M調製物を投与するステップ、及び
(b)ステップ(a)に続いて、該被験体に癌化学療法剤を投与するステップ、
を含む上記方法。 - 被験体における感染性疾患の治療方法であって、
(a)感染性疾患を患う被験体に精製されたα2M調製物を投与するステップ、及び
(b)ステップ(a)に続いて、該被験体にワクチンではない治療法を施すステップ、
を含む、上記方法。 - 被験体における癌の予防方法であって、その必要がある被験体に、精製されたα2M調製物とワクチンではない治療法を投与することを含む上記方法。
- 癌の治療が必要な被験体において治療効果を改善する方法であって、
(a)該被験体に、(i)その種の癌の腫瘍特異的抗原若しくは腫瘍関連抗原の抗原性を示す、又は(ii)該被験体の癌組織から単離した、α2M−ペプチド複合体の集団を含む精製されたα2M調製物を最適以下の量で投与するステップ、並びに
(b)ステップ(a)に続いて、該被験体に、上記癌の治療に有効な量の1以上の治療法を施すステップ、
を含み、ステップ(b)を行わない場合には、上記最適以下の量が上記癌の治療に有効ではなく、またステップ(a)を行わない場合には、上記癌は上記治療法に応答しないものである、上記方法。
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US20090208524A1 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
CA2483449A1 (en) | 2003-11-06 |
US20140107391A1 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
IL164799A0 (en) | 2005-12-18 |
EP1572083A2 (en) | 2005-09-14 |
EP1572083A4 (en) | 2008-09-24 |
WO2003090686A2 (en) | 2003-11-06 |
US9248172B2 (en) | 2016-02-02 |
US8029808B2 (en) | 2011-10-04 |
US20170100455A1 (en) | 2017-04-13 |
AU2003231098A1 (en) | 2003-11-10 |
US20120021996A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
RU2004134355A (ru) | 2005-06-10 |
WO2003090686A3 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
US20060079458A1 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
US20120021997A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
RU2376029C2 (ru) | 2009-12-20 |
US20150231200A1 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
US8591890B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 |
US9352019B2 (en) | 2016-05-31 |
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