JP2006349333A - Air-and water-cooled hybrid heat pump, and air-conditioning system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a novel heat pump of constitution integrated with water-cooled type and air-cooled type exchangers. <P>SOLUTION: This heat pump is constituted to integrate the air-cooled type exchanger 5 for carrying out heat exchange to a heat exchange medium circulated in a flow passage 4 connected to air-conditioning equipment 11, using gas, and the water-cooled type exchanger 20 for carrying out heat exchange to the heat exchange medium circulated in the flow passage 4, using cooling water, and is constituted to be switchable between the air-cooled type exchanger 5 and the water-cooled type exchanger 20. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an air-cooled heat exchanger that exchanges heat between a heat exchange medium and air, an air-water cooled hybrid heat pump that includes a water-cooled heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the heat exchange medium using a water heat source, and an air-conditioning system including the heat pump.

  In the present air conditioner having a heat pump as a so-called air-cooled heat exchanger, cooling and heating are generally performed using a direct expansion method (hereinafter referred to as a direct expansion method). Hereinafter, the cooling system will be described using a cooling cycle. In the direct expansion method, a heat exchange medium is sent to an evaporator installed in a room, and the coil is expanded and vaporized in the coil to cool the coil and exchange heat with the passing air. It absorbs heat from the air. Since this air conditioner has a structure in which heat is exchanged directly with air using a condenser installed outside the room, the structure is simple, but the performance varies greatly depending on the air temperature (outside air temperature) to dissipate heat. ing.

  On the other hand, various heat pumps as water-cooled heat exchangers have been proposed because of their better heat exchange rate than air-cooled. For example, patent document 1 is mentioned. Here, the difference between the air-cooled heat pump and the water-cooled heat pump will be described in terms of the cooling cycle. This water-cooled heat pump dissipates heat to cooling water such as ground water using a heat exchange medium as a water heat source, water in a cooling tower, etc., and thus has a characteristic that heat exchange performance is more stable than air-cooled heat pumps. However, even if a heat dissipation method for cooling water is used, the cost is high if tap water is used as the cooling water, and the use of groundwater may not be sufficient in areas where pumping is restricted. In addition, when heat exchange is performed by burying a path for circulating the cooling water in the ground, if the temperature of the cooling water exceeds a certain temperature due to a principle problem of the heat pump, heat is generated between the cooling water and the heat exchange medium. It becomes impossible to exchange.

  Here, the principle of a heat pump using cooling water as a heat source will be described. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the heat pump is described with a diagram showing a change on a saturation line of a heat exchange medium used for enthalpy (h) and pressure (p). In the heat pump, the movement of the heat exchange medium is reversed between the heating cycle and the cooling cycle. However, as shown below, the heat exchange efficiency of the water-cooled type is improved in both cycles.

  The heating cycle will be described with reference to FIG. In the heat pump, the evaporator serves as a heat exchanger with the heat source, and this is a different part between the air-cooled cooler and the water-cooled cooler. The heat transfer coefficient of water is very large, several hundred times that of air, and the heat capacity is also large, so the endothermic reaction is carried out efficiently, and the heat pump power cost (electricity consumption) is air. Compared to the above, the efficiency is improved and the heating capacity is improved.

  The cooling cycle will be described with reference to FIG. 4. The circulation cycle of the heat exchange medium is opposite to the heating cycle, and the heat radiation in the condenser is the work of the cooler. This efficiency is similar to the heating cycle because the heat transfer coefficient is overwhelmingly higher than that of air. Therefore, the heat is less radiated by water, improving the efficiency and improving the cooling capacity.

Japanese Patent Application No. 6-227718

  An object of the present invention is to provide a novel heat pump having a configuration in which a water-cooled type and an air-cooled type exchange are integrated.

The present invention relates to an air-cooled heat exchanger that exchanges heat using a gas with respect to a heat exchange medium that circulates in a flow path connected to an air conditioner, and cooling water to the heat exchange medium that circulates in the flow path. A water-cooled heat exchanger that exchanges heat using a single unit is configured as one unit, and the air-cooled heat exchanger and the water-cooled heat exchanger can be switched.
In the air-water cooled hybrid heat pump according to the present invention, a first path for guiding the heat exchange medium flowing in the flow path to the water-cooled heat exchanger, and a second path for guiding the heat exchange medium flowing in the flow path to the air-cooled heat exchanger. Of the accumulator provided on the flow path connecting the four-way valve disposed in the flow path and the compressor, the switching means for switching the flow path of the heat exchange medium to the first path and the second path, A third path connecting the primary side and the water-cooled heat exchanger, a fourth path connecting the primary side of the accumulator and the air-cooled heat exchanger, and an opening / closing means capable of opening and closing the third and fourth paths, respectively. It is characterized by comprising.
The present invention is characterized in that, in an air conditioning system including an air conditioner and a heat pump connected to the air conditioner, any one of the above air-water-cooled hybrid heat pumps is provided as the heat pump.

  According to the present invention, an air-cooled heat exchanger that exchanges heat using a gas with respect to a heat exchange medium that circulates in a flow path connected to an air conditioner, and a heat exchange medium that circulates in the flow path A water-cooled heat exchanger that exchanges heat using cooling water is configured as one unit, and the air-cooled heat exchanger and the water-cooled heat exchanger are configured to be switchable. Therefore, existing air-cooled heat exchanger units and water-cooled heat exchangers can be A new heat pump with improved heat exchange efficiency can be provided by a single heat pump.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an air conditioning system 100. In FIG. 1, the code | symbol 1 shows the internal structure of the outdoor unit 1 as an air-water cooling hybrid heat pump connected with the fan coil unit 11 with which indoors are mounted | worn. The outdoor unit 1 includes an air-cooled heat exchanger unit and a water-cooled heat exchanger unit that exchange heat between the heat exchange medium using air and a water heat source, respectively. The outdoor unit 1 includes a four-way valve 2, an expansion valve 3, an air-cooling heat exchange 5, a four-way valve 2, and a compressor disposed on a flow path 4 connecting the four-way valve 2 and the expansion valve 3 inside a casing (not shown). A stop valve 10A that allows the outdoor unit 1 and the fan coil unit 11 to be separated by closing the accumulator 8, the low-pressure on-off valve 9, the four-way valve 2 and the expansion valve 3 on the low-pressure channel 7 connecting , 10B are provided. A fan 18 that is rotationally driven by a drive motor 19 is provided at a portion facing the air-cooling heat exchange 5. A known silencer 13 and a pressure opening / closing valve 14 are provided in the high-pressure flow path 12 connecting the compressor 6 and the four-way valve 2. Each of these components is a component of the refrigeration cycle and an air-cooled heat exchanger that performs heat exchange of the heat exchange medium circulating in the flow path 4 to perform cooling and heating. The amount of heat exchange medium that can obtain optimum performance is enclosed in the flow path 4.

  The outdoor unit 1 includes a water-cooled heat exchanger 20 that exchanges heat with a heat exchange medium, that is, cools / heats, and is configured to be able to switch between the air-cooled heat exchanger 5 and the water-cooled heat exchanger 20 to exchange heat of the heat exchange medium. The location is changed as appropriate. The air-cooling heat exchanger 5 and the water-cooling heat exchanger 20 are arranged in parallel with each other.

  Hereinafter, this characteristic configuration will be described. The water-cooled heat exchanger 20 is disposed in an additional flow path 4A connected to the flow path 4 so as to bypass the air-cooled heat exchanger 5. The bypass flow path 4A constitutes a first path for guiding the heat exchange medium flowing in the flow path 4 to the water-cooled heat exchanger 20. An air-cooled heat exchanger 5 is disposed in the flow path 4B serving as a bypass flow path with respect to the water-cooled heat exchanger 20.

  Electromagnetic valves 22 and 23 are provided in the additional flow path 4A located upstream and downstream of the water-cooled heat exchanger 20, and electromagnetic valves 24 and 25 are provided in the path 4B located upstream and downstream of the water-cooled heat exchanger 5, respectively. It is arranged. These solenoid valves close each path in the off state to stop the flow of the heat exchange medium into the water-cooled heat exchanger 20 and the air-cooled heat exchanger 5, and when turned on, open each path and perform heat exchange with each heat exchanger. The medium is configured to flow in.

  The water-cooled heat exchanger 20 has a water flow path through which ground water, which is one form of a water heat source, passes, and the heat exchange medium circulating between the fan coil unit 11 is cooled or heated by the ground water. It is configured. The water heat source is not limited to groundwater, but includes general cooling water such as tap water, water used in a cooling tower, and stored water.

  The flow path 7 located on the primary side of the accumulator 8 and the water-cooled heat exchanger 20 are connected by a third path 26. The third path 26 constitutes a medium recovery path for introducing the heat exchange medium in the water-cooled heat exchanger 20 into the accumulator 8 when the solenoid valves 22 and 23 are off and the solenoid valves 24 and 25 are on. To do.

  The flow path 7 located on the primary side of the accumulator 8 and the air cooling heat exchanger 5 are connected by a fourth path 27. The fourth path 27 constitutes a medium recovery path for introducing the heat exchange medium in the air-cooled heat exchanger 5 into the accumulator 8 when the electromagnetic valves 22 and 23 are on and the electromagnetic valves 24 and 25 are off. To do. The third and fourth paths 26 and 27 are provided with electromagnetic on-off valves 28 and 29 as opening / closing means that can open and close the paths. That is, the solenoid valves 22 and 33 and the solenoid valves 24 and 25 constitute switching means for switching between the bypass path 4A and the path 4B in accordance with the on / on state.

  The on / off control of the drive motor 19, the electromagnetic valves 22, 23, 24, 25 and the on-off valves 28, 29 is controlled by the control means 30 shown in FIG. Although not shown, the control means 30 includes a CPU (central processing unit), an I / O (input / output) port, a ROM (read only storage device), a RAM (read / write storage device), a timer, and the like. These are configured by a known computer having a configuration connected by a signal bus. Connected to the input side of the control means 30 is a temperature detection sensor 31 as temperature detection means for detecting the inflow temperature of the cooling water to the water-cooled heat exchanger 20.

  In this embodiment, a known thermistor is used for the temperature detection sensor 31, but other configurations may be used. On the output side of the control means 30, the electromagnetic valves 22 to 25, the on-off valves 28 and 29, the compressor 6 and the drive motor 18 are electrically connected. In the ROM of the control means 30, predetermined temperatures t1 and t2 that are parameters for turning on / off the electromagnetic valves 22, 23, the on-off valve 29, the electromagnetic valves 24, 25, the on-off valve 28, and the drive motor 19 are set in advance. ing. The predetermined temperatures t1 and t2 have a relationship of t1> t2. When the temperature information from the water temperature detection sensor 31 reaches the predetermined temperature t1, the control means 30 turns on the electromagnetic valves 24 and 25, the on-off valve 28, and the drive motor 19, and turns off the electromagnetic valves 22, 23, and on-off valve 28. When the predetermined temperature t2 is reached, the solenoid valves 22, 23 and the on-off valve 29 are turned on, and the solenoid valves 24, 25, the on-off valve 28 and the drive motor 19 are turned off, and the path switching control and the cooling fan 18 are performed. The operation control is executed.

  In such a configuration, when a power supply (not shown) is turned on, the control means 30 turns on each solenoid valve and the on-off valve in accordance with temperature information from the temperature detection sensor 31. For example, when the temperature information T from the temperature detection sensor 31 is a predetermined temperature t1> t> t2 and the cooling operation is performed, only the electromagnetic valves 22 and 23 and the opening / closing valve 29 are turned on to drive the compressor 5. For this reason, the heat exchange medium moves from the fan coil unit 11 through the four-way valve 2 in the arrow direction indicated by the solid line in FIG. At this time, since the electromagnetic valves 22 and 23 are turned on and the detour maze 4A is opened, the heat exchange medium is introduced into the water-cooled heat exchanger 20. Further, since the on-off valve 28 is turned off and the on-off valve 29 is turned on, the heat exchange medium existing in the air-cooled heat exchanger 5 that is not used when the fourth path 27 is opened is caused by the negative pressure of the accumulator 8. It is collected in the accumulator 8. For this reason, the amount of the heat exchange medium circulating in the flow path 4 is introduced to the water-cooled heat exchanger 20 with the amount substantially the same as the amount at the time of encapsulation. The introduced heat exchange medium is cooled by exchanging heat with the cooling water and returned to the fan coil unit 11 via the expansion valve 3. When the heat exchange in the water-cooled heat exchanger 20 is sometimes performed, the drive motor 19 is stopped, so that energy saving and noise such as wind noise generated with the rotation of the fan 18 can be reduced.

  As the cooling operation continues, the temperature of the heat exchange medium rises, and accordingly, the heat exchange load in the water-cooled heat exchanger 20 increases and the temperature of the cooling water also rises. When the temperature of the cooling water reaches a predetermined temperature t1, the electromagnetic valves 24 and 25, the on-off valve 28, and the drive motor 19 are turned on, and the electromagnetic valves 22, 23 and the on-off valve 29 are turned off. Therefore, the bypass flow path 4A is closed, the flow path 4B is opened and the path switching is performed, and the third path 26 is opened and the heat exchange medium existing in the water-cooled heat exchanger 20 that is not used is negative in the accumulator 8. The pressure is collected by the accumulator 8 and the fan 18 rotates. For this reason, the heat exchange medium that has passed through the compressor 6 and the four-way valve 2 is all guided to the air-cooled heat exchanger 5 and is cooled by being exchanged with air by the air flow generated by the rotation of the fan 18. Is returned to the fan coil unit 11.

  Next, operation during heating operation will be described. In the heating operation, the heat exchange medium moves from the expansion valve 3 toward the four-way valve 2 in the direction of the arrow indicated by a broken line in FIG. The control means 30 performs on / off control of each solenoid valve, the on-off valve, and the drive motor 19 according to the temperature information from the temperature detection sensor 31 even during the heating operation. For example, when the temperature information T from the temperature detection sensor 31 is a predetermined temperature t1> t> t2, the electromagnetic valves 22 and 23 are turned on and the detour maze 4A is opened, and the heat exchange medium is transferred to the water-cooled heat exchanger 20. Introduce. Of course, since the on-off valve 29 is also turned on, the heat exchange medium existing in the air-cooled heat exchanger 5 that is not used because the fourth path 27 is opened is recovered by the accumulator 8. For this reason, the amount of the heat exchange medium circulating in the flow path 4 is introduced to the water-cooled heat exchanger 20 with the amount substantially the same as the amount at the time of encapsulation. The introduced heat exchange medium is heated by heat exchange with the cooling water, and returned to the fan coil unit 11 via the expansion valve 3. Even during heating, when the heat exchange in the water-cooled heat exchanger 5 is sometimes performed, the drive motor 19 is stopped, so that energy saving and noise such as wind noise generated with the rotation of the fan 18 can be reduced.

  As the heating operation continues, the temperature of the heat exchange medium decreases, and accordingly, the heat exchange load in the water-cooled heat exchanger 20 increases and the temperature of the cooling water also decreases. When the temperature of the cooling water reaches a predetermined temperature t2, the electromagnetic valves 24 and 25 and the on-off valve 28 and the drive motor 19 are turned on, and the electromagnetic valves 22 and 23 and the on-off valve 29 are turned off. For this reason, the bypass flow path 4A is closed, the flow path 4B is opened, and the path is switched. At the same time, the third path 26 is opened and the heat exchange medium existing in the water-cooled heat exchanger 20 that is not used is transferred to the accumulator 8. The fan 18 rotates while being collected. For this reason, all the heat exchange medium that has passed through the compressor 6 and the four-way valve 2 is guided to the air-cooled heat exchanger 5, and is heat-exchanged with air by the airflow generated by the rotation of the fan 18, and is passed through the expansion valve 3. Is returned to the fan coil unit 11.

  Thus, in the outdoor unit 1 including the air-cooling heat exchanger 5 and the water-cooling heat exchanger 20, by appropriately switching between the air-cooling heat exchanger 2 and the water-cooling heat exchanger 20 according to the temperature of the cooling water, Since the load on the air-cooled heat exchanger 5 and the water-cooled heat exchanger 20 can be reduced, the heat exchange efficiency can be increased.

  In this embodiment, the air-cooled heat exchanger 5 and the water-cooled heat exchanger 20 are configured as one unit from the beginning. However, the water-cooled heat exchanger 20 or the heat pump having the water-cooled heat exchanger 20 is used instead of the heat pump having the air-cooled heat exchanger 5. The air-cooling heat exchanger 5 may be installed later and configured as one unit. Thus, if it is set as a retrofit system, a hybrid heat pump can be comprised using the existing air cooling type heat pump or a water cooling type heat pump, and cost reduction and resource reuse can be performed.

  It is a schematic block diagram of the air-water cooling type hybrid heat pump which is one form of this invention, and an air conditioning system provided with the same.   It is a block diagram which shows a control means and the component connected to this.   It is a Mollier diagram which shows the characteristic at the time of the heating of a heat exchange medium.   It is a Mollier diagram which shows the characteristic at the time of the cooling of a heat exchange medium.

Explanation of symbols

2 Four-way valve 3 Expansion valve 4 Flow path 5 Air-cooled heat exchanger 8 Accumulator 20 Water-cooled heat exchanger 4A First path 4B Second paths 22 to 25 Switching means 26 Third path 27 Fourth paths 28 and 29 Opening and closing means 100 Air conditioning system

Claims (3)

  An air-cooled heat exchanger that exchanges heat using a gas for a heat exchange medium that circulates in a flow path connected to an air conditioner, and heat that uses cooling water for the heat exchange medium that circulates in the flow path An air-water-cooled hybrid heat pump comprising: a water-cooled heat exchanger to be replaced as a unit, and the air-cooled heat exchanger and the water-cooled heat exchanger being switchable. In the air-water cooled hybrid heat pump according to claim 1,
A first path for guiding the heat exchange medium flowing in the flow path to the water-cooled heat exchanger;
A second path for guiding the heat exchange medium flowing in the flow path to the air-cooled heat exchanger;
Switching means for switching a path through which the heat exchange medium flows between a first path and a second path;
A third path connecting the primary side of the accumulator provided on the flow path connecting the four-way valve disposed in the flow path and the compressor and the water-cooled heat exchanger;
A fourth path connecting the primary side of the accumulator and the air-cooled heat exchanger;
An air-water-cooled hybrid heat pump comprising: opening / closing means that can open and close each of the third and fourth paths. In an air conditioning system comprising an air conditioner and a heat pump connected to the air conditioner,
An air-conditioning system comprising the air-water cooled hybrid heat pump according to claim 1 or 2 as the heat pump.

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