JP2006323348A - Manufacturing method of optical film, optical film, and image display apparatus using optical film - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for manufacturing a wide-range, also, wide-viewing angle optical film where a change in a phase difference value due to aging is reduced, which has improved properties also in an oblique direction, with extremely high manufacturing efficiency, to provide the optical film obtained by the aforesaid method, and to provide an image display apparatus using the optical film. <P>SOLUTION: The manufacturing method of the optical film comprises; a process of carrying out the orientation processing on the surface of a transparent protective film (T); a process of applying liquid crystal composition on the orientation-processed surface of the transparent protective surface (T); a process of orientating liquid material contained in the liquid crystal composition in accordance with the orientation direction of the transparent protective film (T) and forming a first double-refraction layer; and a process of carrying out the aging of the first double-refraction layer at a temperature ≥(liquid crystal transfer temperature of the liquid crystal material + 20°C) for ≥0.5 hour. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an optical film manufacturing method, an optical film, and an image display device using the optical film. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing a broadband and wide viewing angle optical film with very high production efficiency, which has a small change in the retardation value with time and has excellent characteristics in an oblique direction, and The present invention relates to an optical film obtained by such a method, and an image display device using the optical film.

  Various image display devices such as liquid crystal display devices and electroluminescence (EL) displays generally use various optical films in which a polarizing film and a retardation plate are combined in order to perform optical compensation.

  A circularly polarizing plate which is a kind of the optical film can be usually produced by combining a polarizing film and a λ / 4 plate. However, the λ / 4 plate generally exhibits a characteristic that the phase difference value increases as the wavelength becomes shorter, that is, a so-called “positive wavelength dispersion characteristic”, and generally has a large wavelength dispersion characteristic. Therefore, there is a problem that desired optical characteristics (for example, a function as a λ / 4 plate) cannot be exhibited over a wide wavelength range. In order to avoid such problems, in recent years, as a phase difference plate exhibiting a wavelength dispersion characteristic in which a retardation value increases as the wavelength becomes longer, that is, a so-called “reverse dispersion characteristic”, for example, a modified cellulose film and Modified polycarbonate films have been proposed. However, these films have a problem in terms of cost.

  Therefore, at present, for a λ / 4 plate having positive wavelength dispersion characteristics, for example, by combining a retardation plate whose retardation value increases as it becomes longer wavelength side, or a λ / 2 plate, the above-mentioned λ / 4 plate is used. A method of correcting the wavelength dispersion characteristics of the plate is employed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  As described above, when the polarizing film, the λ / 4 plate, and the λ / 2 plate are combined, it is necessary to adjust the respective optical axes, that is, the angles between the absorption axis of the polarizing film and the slow axis of each retardation plate. However, since both the polarizing film and the retardation film made of a stretched film generally have an optical axis that depends on the stretching direction, in order to laminate them so that the absorption axis and the slow axis are at a desired angle, It is necessary to laminate the film after cutting it out according to the direction of the optical axis. Specifically, the absorption axis of the polarizing film is usually parallel to the stretching direction, and the slow axis of the retardation film is also parallel to the stretching direction. For this reason, in order to laminate | stack a polarizing film and a phase difference plate, for example so that the angle of an absorption axis and a slow axis may be 45 degrees, either one film is with respect to a longitudinal direction (stretching direction). It is necessary to cut in the direction of 45 °. When pasting after cutting out the film in this way, for example, there is a possibility that the angle of the optical axis varies in each cut out film, and as a result, there is a problem that the quality varies among products. . There is also a problem of cost and time. Furthermore, there is a problem that the waste increases due to the cutting and it is difficult to produce a large film.

  For such problems, for example, a method of adjusting the stretching direction such as stretching a polarizing film or a retardation plate in an oblique direction has been reported (for example, see Patent Document 2), but the adjustment is difficult. There is a problem with it.

Further, the angle between the absorption axis of the polarizing film and the slow axis of each retardation plate is currently adjusted for each product, and no comprehensive optimization means has been found.
Japanese Patent No. 3174367 JP 2003-195037 A

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described conventional problems. The object of the present invention is to provide a wideband and wide viewing angle with a small change in retardation value over time and excellent characteristics in an oblique direction. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method capable of producing an optical film with very high production efficiency, an optical film obtained by such a method, and an image display device using the optical film.

  If the present inventors perform an aging process under a specific condition after forming the first birefringent layer, preferably, the absorption axis of the polarizer and the λ / 4 plate and the λ / 2 plate If the angle formed by the slow axis has a specific relationship, the change over time in the phase difference value can be reduced, and excellent characteristics can be exhibited even in the oblique direction. The inventors have found that angular characteristics can be obtained, and have completed the present invention.

  The method for producing an optical film of the present invention includes a step of applying an alignment treatment to the surface of the transparent protective film (T) and a step of applying a liquid crystal composition to the surface of the transparent protective film (T) that has been subjected to the alignment treatment. And aligning the liquid crystal material in the liquid crystal composition according to the alignment direction of the transparent protective film (T) to form a first birefringent layer, and And aging at a temperature equal to or higher than the liquid crystal transition temperature of the liquid crystal material + 20 ° C. for 0.5 hour or more.

In a preferred embodiment, a step of laminating a polarizer on the surface of the transparent protective film (T) and a polymer film on the surface of the first birefringent layer to form a second birefringent layer The polarizer and the first birefringent layer are disposed on opposite sides of each other through the transparent protective film (T), the absorption axis of the polarizer and the transparent protective film (T) When the angle formed by the orientation direction is α and the angle formed by the absorption axis of the polarizer and the slow axis of the second birefringent layer is β, the angles α and β have the relationship of the following formula (1):
2α + 40 ° <β <2α + 50 ° (1).

In a preferred embodiment, the polarizer and the transparent protective film (T) are both long films, and the long sides of the polarizer and the transparent protective film (T) are continuous in the step of laminating the polarizer. Pasted together.
In a preferred embodiment, the polymer film forming the second birefringent layer is a long film, and in the step of forming the second birefringent layer, the first birefringent layer and the polymer are formed. The long sides of the film are continuously bonded together.
In a preferred embodiment, the direction of the alignment treatment is + 8 ° to + 38 ° or −8 ° to −38 ° with respect to the absorption axis of the polarizer.
In a preferred embodiment, the alignment process is at least one selected from the group consisting of a rubbing process, an oblique deposition method, a stretching process, a photo alignment process, a magnetic field alignment process, and an electric field alignment process.
In a preferred embodiment, the liquid crystal composition includes at least one of a liquid crystal monomer and a liquid crystal polymer.
In a preferred embodiment, the liquid crystal composition includes a polymerizable monomer and / or a crosslinkable monomer, and the liquid crystal alignment step further includes performing a polymerization treatment and / or a crosslinking treatment.
In a preferred embodiment, the first birefringent layer is a λ / 2 plate.
In a preferred embodiment, the second birefringent layer is a λ / 4 plate.
In a preferred embodiment, the polymer film is a stretched film.

  According to another aspect of the present invention, an optical film is provided. This optical film is manufactured by the above manufacturing method.

  According to another aspect of the present invention, an image display device is provided. The image display device includes the optical film.

  As described above, according to the present invention, in the orientation treatment of the transparent protective film (T), the slow axis of the first birefringent layer can be set in an arbitrary direction, so that it is stretched in the longitudinal direction (that is, A long polarizing film (polarizer) having an absorption axis in the longitudinal direction can be used. That is, a long transparent protective film (T) that has been subjected to an orientation treatment so as to form a predetermined angle with respect to the longitudinal direction and a long polarizing film (polarizer) are aligned in the longitudinal direction (so-called Can be bonded continuously (roll to roll). Therefore, an optical film can be obtained with very excellent production efficiency. Furthermore, according to this method, it is not necessary to cut and laminate the film obliquely with respect to the longitudinal direction (stretching direction). As a result, there is no variation in the angle of the optical axis in each cut out film, and as a result, an optical film having no quality variation among products can be obtained. Furthermore, since no waste is generated by cutting, an optical film can be obtained at low cost. In addition, a large polarizing plate can be easily manufactured. In addition, by using a polymer film that is stretched in the width direction and has a slow axis in the width direction as the polymer film that forms the second birefringent layer, the long sides of the polarizer and the polymer film are continuously connected to each other. The optical film can be obtained with very excellent production efficiency. The optical film thus obtained has an angle α formed by the absorption axis of the polarizer and the slow axis of the first birefringent layer (λ / 2 plate), and the absorption axis of the polarizer and the second doublet. Since the angle β formed by the slow axis of the refractive layer (λ / 4 plate) is optimized in the relationship of 2α + 40 ° <β <2α + 50 °, an image display device with a wide bandwidth and a wide viewing angle can be obtained. . Moreover, since this relationship is comprehensive, it is not necessary to examine the stacking direction by trial and error for each product. That is, in most combinations of a polarizer, a λ / 2 plate, and a λ / 4 plate, a very excellent circular polarization characteristic can be realized by using this relationship. As a result, the optimization of the circular polarization characteristic can be performed very generally and easily. Further, by performing the aging process under a specific condition after forming the first birefringent layer, it is possible to reduce the phase difference value change of the first birefringent layer when mounted on the image display device. Become. As a result, good viewing angle characteristics can be maintained for a long time.

A. Optical film A-1. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical film according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The optical film 10 includes a polarizer 11, a first birefringent layer 12, and a second birefringent layer 13 in this order. If necessary, a first protective layer (transparent protective film) 14 is provided between the polarizer 11 and the first birefringent layer 12, and the first protective layer (transparent protective film) 14 of the polarizer 11. A second protective layer (transparent protective film) 15 is provided on the opposite side.

  The first birefringent layer 12 can function as a so-called λ / 2 plate. In this specification, the λ / 2 plate refers to converting linearly polarized light having a specific vibration direction into linearly polarized light having a vibration direction orthogonal to the vibration direction of the linearly polarized light, or converting right circularly polarized light to the left circle. It has a function of converting into polarized light (or converting left circularly polarized light into right circularly polarized light). The second birefringent layer 13 can function as a so-called λ / 4 plate. In this specification, the λ / 4 plate refers to a plate having a function of converting linearly polarized light having a specific wavelength into circularly polarized light (or circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light).

  FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view for explaining the optical axis of each layer constituting the optical film according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention (in FIG. 2, a second protective layer (transparent protective film) is shown for the sake of clarity). 15 is omitted). The first birefringent layer 12 is laminated such that the slow axis B defines a predetermined angle α with respect to the absorption axis A of the polarizer 11. The second birefringent layer 13 is laminated so that the slow axis C defines a predetermined angle β with respect to the absorption axis A of the polarizer 11. The slow axis refers to the direction in which the in-plane refractive index is maximized.

In the present invention, the angle α and the angle β preferably have the relationship of the following formula (1):
2α + 40 ° <β <2α + 50 ° (1).
The relationship between the angle α and the angle β is more preferably 2α + 42 ° <β <2α + 48 °, particularly preferably 2α + 43 ° <β <2α + 47 °, and most preferably β = 2α + 45 °. When the angle α and the angle β have such a relationship, an optical film having very excellent circular polarization characteristics can be obtained. Moreover, since this relationship is comprehensive, it is not necessary to examine the stacking direction by trial and error for each product. That is, in most combinations of a polarizer, a λ / 2 plate, and a λ / 4 plate, a very excellent circular polarization characteristic can be realized by using this relationship.

  The angle α is preferably + 8 ° to + 38 ° or −8 ° to −38 °, more preferably + 13 ° to + 33 ° or −13 ° to −33 °, and particularly preferably + 19 ° to + 29 °. Or −19 ° to −29 °, particularly preferably + 21 ° to + 27 ° or −21 ° to −27 °, and most preferably + 23 ° to + 24 ° or −23 ° to −24 °. Accordingly, in the most preferred embodiment (β = 2α + 45 °), the angle β is preferably + 61 ° to + 121 ° or −31 ° to + 29 °, more preferably + 71 ° to + 111 ° or −21 ° to +19. °, particularly preferably + 83 ° to + 103 ° or −13 ° to + 7 °, particularly preferably + 87 ° to + 99 ° or −9 ° to + 3 °, most preferably + 91 ° to + 93 ° or − 3 ° to −1 °. In consideration of the optical film manufacturing procedure (described later), it is highly preferable that the angle β is substantially parallel or orthogonal to the absorption axis of the polarizer. In this specification, “substantially parallel” includes the case of 0 ° ± 3.0 °, preferably 0 ° ± 1.0 °, and more preferably 0 ° ± 0. 5 °. “Substantially orthogonal” includes the case of 90 ° ± 3.0 °, preferably 90 ° ± 1.0 °, and more preferably 90 ° ± 0.5 °.

  The total thickness of the optical film of the present invention is preferably 80 to 250 μm, more preferably 110 to 220 μm, and most preferably 140 to 190 μm. According to the method for producing an optical film of the present invention (described later), since the first birefringent layer can be laminated without using an adhesive, the total thickness is a minimum of 4 minutes compared to the conventional optical film. The thickness can be reduced to about 1. As a result, the optical film of the present invention can greatly contribute to thinning of the liquid crystal display device. Hereinafter, the detail of each layer which comprises the optical film of this invention is demonstrated.

A-2. First Birefringent Layer As described above, the first birefringent layer 12 can function as a so-called λ / 2 plate. With the first birefringent layer functioning as a λ / 2 plate, the wavelength dispersion characteristics of the second birefringent layer functioning as a λ / 4 plate (particularly the wavelength range where the phase difference deviates from λ / 4), The phase difference can be adjusted appropriately. The in-plane retardation (Δnd) of the first birefringent layer is preferably 180 to 300 nm, more preferably 210 to 280 nm, and most preferably 230 to 240 nm at a wavelength of 590 nm. The in-plane phase difference (Δnd) is obtained from the equation Δnd = (nx−ny) × d. Here, nx is the refractive index in the direction of the slow axis, ny is the refractive index in the direction of the fast axis (the direction perpendicular to the slow axis in the plane), and d is the first birefringent layer. Is the thickness. Furthermore, the first birefringent layer 12 preferably has a refractive index distribution of nx> ny = nz. nz is the refractive index in the thickness direction. In the present specification, “ny = nz” includes not only the case where ny and nz are exactly equal, but also the case where ny and nz are substantially equal.

  The thickness of the first birefringent layer can be set so as to function most appropriately as a λ / 2 plate. In other words, the thickness can be set so as to obtain a desired in-plane retardation. Specifically, the thickness is preferably 0.5 to 5 μm, more preferably 1 to 4 μm, and most preferably 1.5 to 3 μm.

  As a material for forming the first birefringent layer, any appropriate material can be adopted as long as the above characteristics are obtained. A liquid crystal material is preferable, and a liquid crystal material (nematic liquid crystal) in which the liquid crystal phase is a nematic phase is more preferable. By using a liquid crystal material, the difference between nx and ny of the obtained birefringent layer can be significantly increased compared to a non-liquid crystal material. As a result, the thickness of the birefringent layer for obtaining a desired in-plane retardation can be significantly reduced. As such a liquid crystal material, for example, a liquid crystal polymer or a liquid crystal monomer can be used. The liquid crystal material may exhibit a liquid crystallinity mechanism either lyotropic or thermotropic. The alignment state of the liquid crystal is preferably homogeneous alignment. The liquid crystal polymer and the liquid crystal monomer may be used alone or in combination.

  When the liquid crystal material is a liquid crystal monomer, for example, a polymerizable monomer and / or a crosslinkable monomer is preferable. This is because the alignment state of the liquid crystalline monomer can be fixed by polymerizing or crosslinking the liquid crystalline monomer, as will be described later. After aligning the liquid crystalline monomers, for example, if the liquid crystalline monomers are polymerized or crosslinked, the alignment state can be fixed thereby. Here, a polymer is formed by polymerization and a three-dimensional network structure is formed by crosslinking, but these are non-liquid crystalline. Therefore, in the formed first birefringent layer, for example, a transition to a liquid crystal phase, a glass phase, or a crystal phase due to a temperature change specific to the liquid crystal compound does not occur. As a result, the first birefringent layer is a birefringent layer that is not affected by temperature changes and is extremely stable.

  Any appropriate liquid crystal monomer can be adopted as the liquid crystal monomer. For example, polymerizable mesogenic compounds described in JP-T-2002-533742 (WO00 / 37585), EP358208 (US52111877), EP66137 (US4388453), WO93 / 22397, EP02661712, DE195504224, DE44081171, and GB2280445 can be used. Specific examples of such a polymerizable mesogenic compound include, for example, the trade name LC242 from BASF, the trade name E7 from Merck, and the trade name LC-Silicon-CC3767 from Wacker-Chem.

  As the liquid crystal monomer, for example, a nematic liquid crystal monomer is preferable, and specific examples include a monomer represented by the following formula (1). These liquid crystal monomers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

In the above formula (1), A ¹ and A ² each represent a polymerizable group and may be the same or different. One of A ¹ and A ² may be hydrogen. X is each independently a single bond, —O—, —S—, —C═N—, —O—CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—O—, —CO—NR—. , —NR—CO—, —NR—, —O—CO—NR—, —NR—CO—O—, —CH ₂ —O— or —NR—CO—NR, wherein R is H or C _1. -C ₄ alkyl, M represents a mesogen group.

  In the above formula (1), X may be the same or different, but is preferably the same.

Among the monomers of the above formula (1), each A ² is preferably located in the ortho position with respect to A ¹ .

Furthermore, A ¹ and A ² are each independently represented by the following formula ZX- (Sp) _n (2)
And A ¹ and A ² are preferably the same group.

In the above formula (2), Z represents a crosslinkable group, X is as defined in the above formula (1), and Sp is a linear or branched substituent having 1 to 30 carbon atoms or It represents a spacer composed of an unsubstituted alkyl group, and n represents 0 or 1. A carbon chain in Sp may be, for example, oxygen in ether functional group, sulfur in a thioether functional group, it may be interrupted by such alkylimino group nonadjacent imino or C ₁ -C _4.

  In the above formula (2), Z is preferably any one of the atomic groups represented by the following formula. In the following formula, examples of R include groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, and t-butyl.

  In the above formula (2), Sp is preferably any one of the atomic groups represented by the following formula. In the following formula, m is preferably 1 to 3 and p is preferably 1 to 12.

In the above formula (1), M is preferably represented by the following formula (3). In the following formula (3), X is the same as defined in the above formula (1). Q represents, for example, a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkylene or aromatic hydrocarbon group. Q may be, for example, a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched C ₁ -C ₁₂ alkylene.

  When Q is an aromatic hydrocarbon atomic group, for example, an atomic group represented by the following formula or a substituted analog thereof is preferable.

The substituted analog of the aromatic hydrocarbon group represented by the above formula may have, for example, 1 to 4 substituents per aromatic ring, and may include one aromatic ring or one group. Each may have 1 or 2 substituents. The above substituents may be the same or different. As the substituent, for example, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, nitro, F, Cl, Br, a halogen such as I, phenyl, C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxy, and the like.

  Specific examples of the liquid crystal monomer include monomers represented by the following formulas (4) to (19).

  The temperature range in which the liquid crystal monomer exhibits liquid crystal properties varies depending on the type. Specifically, the temperature range is preferably 40 to 120 ° C, more preferably 50 to 100 ° C, and most preferably 60 to 90 ° C.

A-3. Second Birefringent Layer As described above, the second birefringent layer 13 can function as a so-called λ / 4 plate. According to the present invention, the wavelength dispersion characteristic of the second birefringent layer functioning as a λ / 4 plate is corrected by the optical characteristics of the first birefringent layer functioning as the λ / 2 plate, thereby obtaining a wide wavelength range. The circular polarization function in a range can be exhibited. The in-plane retardation (Δnd) of the second birefringent layer is preferably 90 to 180 nm, more preferably 90 to 150 nm, and most preferably 105 to 135 nm at a wavelength of 550 nm. The Nz coefficient (= (nx−nz) / (nx−ny)) of the second birefringent layer is preferably 1.0 to 2.2, more preferably 1.2 to 2.0, Most preferably, it is 1.4-1.8. Further, the second birefringent layer 13 preferably has a refractive index distribution of nx>ny> nz.

  The thickness of the second birefringent layer can be set so as to function most appropriately as a λ / 2 plate. In other words, the thickness can be set so as to obtain a desired in-plane retardation. Specifically, the thickness is preferably 10 to 100 μm, more preferably 20 to 80 μm, and most preferably 40 to 70 μm.

  The second birefringent layer can be typically formed by stretching a polymer film. For example, by appropriately selecting the type of polymer, stretching conditions (for example, stretching temperature, stretching ratio, stretching direction), stretching method, etc., desired optical properties (for example, refractive index distribution, in-plane retardation, thickness direction) A second birefringent layer having a retardation, Nz coefficient) can be obtained. More specifically, the stretching temperature is preferably 120 to 180 ° C, more preferably 140 to 170 ° C. The draw ratio is preferably 1.05 to 2.0 times, more preferably 1.3 to 1.6 times. Examples of the stretching method include lateral uniaxial stretching. The stretching direction is preferably a direction substantially perpendicular to the absorption axis of the polarizer (the width direction of the polymer film, that is, the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction).

  Any appropriate polymer can be adopted as the polymer constituting the polymer film. Specific examples include polycarbonate, norbornene polymer, cellulose polymer, polyvinyl alcohol polymer, polysulfone polymer and the like. Polycarbonate and norbornene polymers are preferred.

  Or a 2nd birefringent layer is comprised from the film formed from the resin composition containing a polymeric liquid crystal and a chiral agent. The polymerizable liquid crystal and the chiral agent are described in JP-A No. 2003-287623, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. For example, when the resin composition is applied to any appropriate substrate and heated to a temperature at which the polymerizable liquid crystal exhibits a liquid crystal state, the polymerizable liquid crystal is twisted by a chiral agent (more specifically, Orient (form a cholesteric structure). When the polymerizable liquid crystal is polymerized in this state, a film in which the cholesteric structure is fixed and oriented is obtained. By adjusting the content of the chiral agent in the composition, it becomes possible to change the twist degree of the cholesteric structure, and as a result, to control the direction of the slow axis of the formed second birefringent layer Can do. Such a film is very preferable because the direction of the slow axis can be set to an angle other than parallel or orthogonal to the absorption axis of the polarizer.

A-4. Polarizer Any appropriate polarizer may be employed as the polarizer 11 depending on the purpose. For example, dichroic substances such as iodine and dichroic dyes are adsorbed on hydrophilic polymer films such as polyvinyl alcohol films, partially formalized polyvinyl alcohol films, and ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer partially saponified films. And polyene-based oriented films such as a uniaxially stretched product, a polyvinyl alcohol dehydrated product and a polyvinyl chloride dehydrochlorinated product. Among these, a polarizer obtained by adsorbing a dichroic substance such as iodine on a polyvinyl alcohol film and uniaxially stretching is particularly preferable because of its high polarization dichroic ratio. The thickness of these polarizers is not particularly limited, but is generally about 1 to 80 μm.

  A polarizer uniaxially stretched by adsorbing iodine to a polyvinyl alcohol film can be produced by, for example, dyeing polyvinyl alcohol in an aqueous solution of iodine and stretching it 3 to 7 times the original length. . If necessary, it may contain boric acid, zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, or the like, or may be immersed in an aqueous solution such as potassium iodide. Further, if necessary, the polyvinyl alcohol film may be immersed in water and washed before dyeing.

  By washing the polyvinyl alcohol film with water, not only can the surface of the polyvinyl alcohol film be cleaned and the anti-blocking agent can be washed, but also the effect of preventing unevenness such as uneven dyeing can be obtained by swelling the polyvinyl alcohol film. is there. Stretching may be performed after dyeing with iodine, may be performed while dyeing, or may be dyed with iodine after stretching. The film can be stretched in an aqueous solution of boric acid or potassium iodide or in a water bath.

A-5. Protective layer The said 1st protective layer 14 and the 2nd protective layer 15 consist of arbitrary appropriate films which can be used as a protective film of a polarizing plate. A transparent protective film is preferred. Specific examples of the material that is the main component of such a film include cellulose resins such as triacetylcellulose (TAC), polyester-based, polyvinyl alcohol-based, polycarbonate-based, polyamide-based, polyimide-based, polyethersulfone-based, Examples thereof include transparent resins such as polysulfone, polystyrene, polynorbornene, polyolefin, acrylic, and acetate. In addition, thermosetting resins such as acrylic, urethane, acrylic urethane, epoxy, and silicone, or ultraviolet curable resins are also included. In addition to this, for example, a glassy polymer such as a siloxane polymer is also included. Moreover, the polymer film as described in Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2001-343529 (WO01 / 37007) can also be used. As a material for this film, for example, a resin composition containing a thermoplastic resin having a substituted or unsubstituted imide group in the side chain and a thermoplastic resin having a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group and nitrile group in the side chain For example, a resin composition having an alternating copolymer composed of isobutene and N-methylmaleimide and an acrylonitrile / styrene copolymer can be mentioned. The polymer film can be, for example, an extruded product of the resin composition. TAC, polyimide resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, and glassy polymer are preferable.

  The protective layer is preferably transparent and has no color. Specifically, the thickness direction retardation value Rth is preferably −90 nm to +90 nm, more preferably −80 nm to +80 nm, and most preferably −70 nm to +70 nm. The thickness direction retardation Rth is obtained by the formula: Rth = (nx−nz) × d, where d (nm) is the thickness of the film (layer).

  As the thickness of the protective layer, any appropriate thickness can be adopted as long as the preferable thickness direction retardation is obtained. Specifically, the thickness of the protective layer is preferably 5 mm or less, more preferably 1 mm or less, particularly preferably 1 to 500 μm, and most preferably 5 to 150 μm.

  The surface of the second protective layer opposite to the polarizer (that is, the outermost part of the polarizing plate) may be subjected to a hard coat treatment, an antireflection treatment, an antisticking treatment, an antiglare treatment, or the like as necessary.

B. Method for Producing Optical Film The method for producing an optical film of the present invention comprises a step of subjecting a surface of a transparent protective film (T) to an alignment treatment, and a liquid crystal composition on the surface of the transparent protective film (T) subjected to the orientation treatment. Coating the liquid crystal material in the liquid crystal composition according to the alignment direction of the transparent protective film (T) to form the first birefringent layer, the first birefringence And aging the layer at a temperature equal to or higher than (liquid crystal transition temperature of the liquid crystal material + 20 ° C.) for 0.5 hour or longer.
In a preferred embodiment, a step of laminating a polarizer on the surface of the transparent protective film (T) and a polymer film on the surface of the first birefringent layer to form a second birefringent layer The polarizer and the first birefringent layer are disposed on opposite sides of each other through the transparent protective film (T), the absorption axis of the polarizer and the transparent protective film (T) When the angle formed by the orientation direction is α and the angle formed by the absorption axis of the polarizer and the slow axis of the second birefringent layer is β, the angles α and β have the relationship of the following formula (1):
2α + 40 ° <β <2α + 50 ° (1).
According to such a manufacturing method, for example, an optical film as shown in FIG. 1 is obtained.

  The order of the above steps and / or the film subjected to the orientation treatment can be appropriately changed according to the laminated structure of the target optical film. For example, the polarizer lamination step may be performed after any birefringent layer forming step or lamination step. Further, for example, the orientation treatment may be applied to the transparent protective film or may be applied to any appropriate base material. When the substrate is subjected to orientation treatment, the film (specifically, the first birefringent layer) formed on the substrate is transferred in an appropriate order according to the desired laminated structure of the optical film. (Lamination). Details of each step will be described below.

B-1. Alignment treatment of transparent protective film The surface of transparent protective film (T) (which finally becomes protective layer 14) is subjected to an alignment treatment, and a coating liquid (liquid crystal composition) containing a predetermined liquid crystal material is applied to the surface. Thus, as shown in FIG. 2, the first birefringent layer 12 having a slow axis that forms an angle α with respect to the absorption axis of the polarizer 11 can be formed (first birefringence). The layer forming step will be described later).

  Arbitrary appropriate orientation processing may be employ | adopted as orientation processing to the said transparent protective film (T). Specifically, a mechanical alignment process, a physical alignment process, and a chemical alignment process are mentioned. Specific examples of the mechanical alignment treatment include rubbing treatment and stretching treatment. Specific examples of the physical alignment process include a magnetic field alignment process and an electric field alignment process. Specific examples of the chemical alignment treatment include oblique vapor deposition and photo-alignment treatment. A rubbing process is preferred. In addition, arbitrary appropriate conditions may be employ | adopted for the process conditions of various orientation processes according to the objective.

  The orientation direction of the orientation treatment is a direction that forms a predetermined angle with the absorption axis of the polarizer when the transparent protective film (T) and the polarizer are laminated. As will be described later, this orientation direction is substantially the same as the direction of the slow axis of the first birefringent layer 12 to be formed. Therefore, the predetermined angle is preferably + 8 ° to + 38 ° or −8 ° to −38 °, more preferably + 13 ° to + 33 ° or −13 ° to −33 °, and particularly preferably + 19 °. ~ + 29 ° or -19 ° to -29 °, particularly preferably + 21 ° to + 27 ° or -21 ° to -27 °, most preferably + 23 ° to + 24 ° or -23 ° to -24 °. is there.

  As the orientation treatment capable of defining the predetermined angle as described above with respect to the long transparent protective film (T), the treatment is performed in the longitudinal direction of the long transparent protective film (T), and the long length The transparent protective film (T) may be treated in a diagonal direction (specifically, a direction that defines a predetermined angle as described above) with respect to the longitudinal direction or the vertical direction (width direction) of the transparent protective film (T). The polarizer is produced by stretching a polymer film dyed with a dichroic substance as described above, and has an absorption axis in the stretching direction. And when mass-producing a polarizer, the elongate polymer film is prepared and the extending | stretching is performed continuously in the longitudinal direction. Therefore, when bonding a long polarizer and a long transparent protective film (T), the longitudinal direction of both becomes the absorption axis of the polarizer. For this reason, in order to align in a direction which makes a predetermined angle with respect to the absorption axis of the polarizer, it is desirable to perform an alignment process in an oblique direction. Since the direction of the absorption axis of the polarizer and the longitudinal direction of the long film (polarizer and transparent protective film (T)) substantially coincide, the direction of the orientation treatment makes the predetermined angle with respect to the longitudinal direction. Just go in the direction. On the other hand, when processing in the longitudinal direction or the width direction of a transparent protective film, it is necessary to laminate | stack, after cutting out a transparent protective film in the diagonal direction. As a result, there may be variations in the angle of the optical axis in each cut out film, resulting in variations in quality between products, cost and time, increasing waste, making it difficult to manufacture large films It becomes.

  The alignment treatment may be performed directly on the surface of the transparent protective film (T), and any appropriate alignment film (typically, a silane coupling agent layer, a polyvinyl alcohol layer or a polyimide layer) is formed, and the alignment film May be applied. For example, the rubbing treatment is preferably performed directly on the surface of the transparent protective film. This is because when the alignment film is rubbed, there are the following disadvantages when forming the alignment film: When the alignment film is a polyimide layer, (1) it is necessary to select a solvent that does not erode the transparent protective film Therefore, it is difficult to select a solvent for the alignment film-forming composition; (2) Since curing at a high temperature (for example, 150 to 300 ° C.) is required, the resulting elliptically polarizing plate has poor appearance. There is a case. Further, when the alignment film is a polyvinyl alcohol layer, the heat resistance and moisture resistance of the alignment film are insufficient, so that the transparent protective film and the alignment film may be peeled off under high temperature and high humidity. , White blur may occur. Furthermore, when the alignment film is a silane coupling agent layer, the liquid crystal layer (first birefringent layer) to be formed is likely to be inclined, and it may be difficult to achieve desired positive uniaxiality. is there.

B-2. Step of coating liquid crystal material for forming first birefringent layer Next, a coating liquid containing the liquid crystal material as described in the above section A-2 on the surface of the transparent protective film (T) subjected to the alignment treatment. (Liquid crystal composition) is applied, and then the liquid crystal material in the coating liquid is aligned to form a first birefringent layer. Specifically, a coating solution in which a liquid crystal material is dissolved or dispersed in an appropriate solvent is prepared, and this coating solution may be applied to the surface of the transparent protective film (T) that has been subjected to the alignment treatment. The alignment process of the liquid crystal material will be described in the section B-3 below.

  As the solvent, any suitable solvent that can dissolve or disperse the liquid crystal material can be adopted. The type of solvent used can be appropriately selected according to the type of liquid crystal material and the like. Specific examples of the solvent include halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethane, tetrachloroethane, methylene chloride, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, chlorobenzene, and orthodichlorobenzene, phenol, p-chlorophenol, and o-chlorophenol. , M-cresol, o-cresol, p-cresol and other phenols, benzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, methoxybenzene, 1,2-dimethoxybenzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl Ketone solvents such as isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, 2-pyrrolidone and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and propyl acetate Alcohol solvents such as t-butyl alcohol, glycerin, ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, dimethylformamide, dimethyl Amide solvents such as acetamide, nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile and butyronitrile, ether solvents such as diethyl ether, dibutyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and dioxane, or carbon disulfide, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, etc. It is done. Preferred are toluene, xylene, mesitylene, MEK, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, propyl acetate, and ethyl cellosolve. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  The content of the liquid crystal material in the liquid crystal composition (coating liquid) can be appropriately set according to the type of the liquid crystal material, the thickness of the target layer, and the like. Specifically, the content of the liquid crystal material is preferably 5 to 50% by weight, more preferably 10 to 40% by weight, and most preferably 15 to 30% by weight.

  The liquid crystal composition (coating liquid) may further contain any appropriate additive as necessary. Specific examples of the additive include a polymerization initiator and a crosslinking agent. These are particularly preferably used when a liquid crystal monomer is used as the liquid crystal material. Specific examples of the polymerization initiator include benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). Specific examples of the crosslinking agent include isocyanate crosslinking agents, epoxy crosslinking agents, metal chelate crosslinking agents, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Specific examples of other additives include anti-aging agents, modifiers, surfactants, dyes, pigments, anti-discoloring agents, and ultraviolet absorbers. These can also be used alone or in combination of two or more. Examples of the anti-aging agent include phenol compounds, amine compounds, organic sulfur compounds, and phosphine compounds. Examples of the modifier include glycols, silicones, and alcohols. The surfactant is used, for example, to smooth the surface of the optical film, and specific examples include silicone-based, acrylic-based, and fluorine-based surfactants.

The coating amount of the coating liquid can be appropriately set according to the concentration of the coating liquid, the thickness of the target layer, and the like. For example, when the liquid crystal material concentration of the coating liquid is 20% by weight, the coating amount is preferably 0.03 to 0.17 ml, more preferably per area (100 cm ² ) of the transparent protective film (T). 0.05 to 0.15 ml, most preferably 0.08 to 0.12 ml.

  Any appropriate method can be adopted as the coating method. Specific examples include a roll coating method, a spin coating method, a wire bar coating method, a dip coating method, an extrusion method, a curtain coating method, and a spray coating method.

B-3. Step of Aligning Liquid Crystal Material Forming First Birefringent Layer Next, the liquid crystal material forming the first birefringent layer is aligned according to the alignment direction of the surface of the transparent protective film (T). The alignment of the liquid crystal material is performed by processing at a temperature showing a liquid crystal phase according to the type of the liquid crystal material used. By performing such temperature treatment, the liquid crystal material takes a liquid crystal state, and the liquid crystal material is aligned according to the alignment direction of the surface of the transparent protective film (T). Thereby, birefringence is generated in the layer formed by coating, and the first birefringent layer is formed.

  As described above, the treatment temperature can be appropriately determined according to the type of the liquid crystal material. Specifically, processing temperature becomes like this. Preferably it is 40-120 degreeC, More preferably, it is 50-100 degreeC, Most preferably, it is 60-90 degreeC. The treatment time is preferably 30 seconds or longer, more preferably 1 minute or longer, particularly preferably 2 minutes or longer, and most preferably 4 minutes or longer. When the treatment time is less than 30 seconds, the liquid crystal material may not take a sufficient liquid crystal state. On the other hand, the treatment time is preferably 10 minutes or less, more preferably 8 minutes or less, and most preferably 7 minutes or less. When processing time exceeds 10 minutes, there exists a possibility that an additive may sublime.

  Moreover, when using the liquid crystal monomer as described in the above section A-2 as the liquid crystal material, it is preferable to further subject the layer formed by the coating to a polymerization treatment or a crosslinking treatment. By performing the polymerization treatment, the liquid crystal monomer is polymerized, and the liquid crystal monomer is fixed as a repeating unit of the polymer molecule. Further, by performing the crosslinking treatment, the liquid crystal monomer forms a three-dimensional network structure, and the liquid crystal monomer is fixed as a part of the crosslinked structure. As a result, the alignment state of the liquid crystal material is fixed. The polymer or three-dimensional network structure formed by polymerizing or cross-linking the liquid crystal monomer is “non-liquid crystalline”. Therefore, the formed first birefringent layer has, for example, a temperature change peculiar to liquid crystal molecules. No transition to liquid crystal phase, glass phase, or crystal phase occurs due to.

  The specific procedure of the above-mentioned polymerization treatment or crosslinking treatment can be appropriately selected depending on the kind of polymerization initiator and crosslinking agent to be used. For example, light irradiation may be performed when a photopolymerization initiator or a photocrosslinking agent is used, and ultraviolet irradiation may be performed when an ultraviolet polymerization initiator or an ultraviolet crosslinking agent is used. Light or ultraviolet irradiation time, irradiation intensity, total irradiation amount, etc. depend on the type of liquid crystal material, the type of transparent protective film (T), the type of alignment treatment, the characteristics desired for the first birefringent layer, etc. Can be set appropriately.

  By performing the alignment treatment as described above, the liquid crystal material is aligned according to the alignment direction of the transparent protective film (T), so that the slow axis of the formed first birefringent layer is the transparent protective film. This is substantially the same as the orientation direction of (T). Therefore, the direction of the slow axis of the first birefringent layer is preferably + 8 ° to + 38 ° or −8 ° to −38 °, more preferably + 13 ° to + 33 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the transparent protective film. Or −13 ° to −33 °, particularly preferably + 19 ° to + 29 ° or −19 ° to −29 °, particularly preferably + 21 ° to + 27 ° or −21 ° to −27 °, most preferably + 23 ° to +24. ° or -23 ° to -24 °.

B-4. Aging Step of First Birefringent Layer Next, the formed first birefringent layer is aged at a temperature of (liquid crystal transition temperature of the liquid crystal material + 20 ° C.) or higher for 0.5 hour or longer. By performing the aging process under a specific condition after forming the first birefringent layer, it is possible to reduce the change in the retardation value of the first birefringent layer when mounted on an image display device. As a result, good viewing angle characteristics can be maintained for a long time.

  The lower limit of the aging temperature is preferably (liquid crystal transition temperature of the liquid crystal material + 20 ° C.) or more, more preferably (liquid crystal transition temperature of the liquid crystal material + 30 ° C.) or more, and further preferably (liquid crystal transition temperature of the liquid crystal material + 40 ° C.). ) Or more, particularly preferably (liquid crystal transition temperature of the liquid crystal material + 50 ° C.) or more. More specifically, the lower limit of the aging temperature is preferably 80 ° C. or higher, more preferably 90 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 100 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 110 ° C. or higher. As the upper limit of the aging temperature, any appropriate temperature can be selected as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, but the melting point of the transparent protective film is preferably not more than 500 ° C, more preferably not more than 500 ° C, still more preferably not more than 300 ° C, particularly Preferably it is 250 degrees C or less, Most preferably, it is 200 degrees C or less. When the aging temperature is less than (liquid crystal transition temperature of the liquid crystal material + 20 ° C.), it may be difficult to sufficiently exert the aging effect.

  The aging time is preferably 0.5 hours or more, more preferably 0.5 to 72 hours, further preferably 1 to 48 hours, and particularly preferably 1 to 24 hours. If the aging time is less than 0.5 hours, it may be difficult to sufficiently exert the aging effect.

B-5. Lamination process of a polarizer A polarizer is laminated | stacked on the surface of the said transparent protective film (T). As described above, the lamination of the polarizer can be performed at any appropriate point in the production method of the present invention. For example, a polarizer may be previously laminated on a transparent protective film, may be laminated after forming the first birefringent layer, or may be laminated after forming the second birefringent layer.

  Any appropriate laminating method (for example, adhesion) can be adopted as a laminating method of the transparent protective film (T) and the polarizer. Adhesion can be performed using any suitable adhesive or adhesive. The type of adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive can be appropriately selected depending on the type of adherend (that is, the transparent protective film (T) and the polarizer). Specific examples of the adhesive include polymer adhesives such as acrylic, vinyl alcohol, silicone, polyester, polyurethane, and polyether, isocyanate adhesives, rubber adhesives, and the like. Specific examples of the pressure sensitive adhesive include acrylic, vinyl alcohol, silicone, polyester, polyurethane, polyether, isocyanate, and rubber pressure sensitive adhesives.

  The thickness of the adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 200 nm, more preferably 30 to 180 nm, and most preferably 50 to 150 nm.

  According to the production method of the present invention, the slow axis of the first birefringent layer can be set in the orientation treatment of the transparent protective film (T), so that it is stretched in the longitudinal direction (that is, the absorption axis in the longitudinal direction). A long polarizing film (polarizer) can be used. That is, a long transparent protective film (T) that has been subjected to an orientation treatment so as to form a predetermined angle with respect to the longitudinal direction and a long polarizing film (polarizer) are continuously aligned with their respective longitudinal directions aligned. Can be pasted together. Therefore, an optical film can be obtained with very excellent production efficiency. Furthermore, according to this method, it is not necessary to cut and laminate the film obliquely with respect to the longitudinal direction (stretching direction). As a result, there is no variation in the angle of the optical axis in each cut out film, and as a result, an optical film having no quality variation among products can be obtained. Furthermore, since no waste is generated by cutting, an optical film can be obtained at low cost. In addition, a large polarizing plate can be easily manufactured. The direction of the absorption axis of the polarizer is substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the long film.

B-6. Step of forming second birefringent layer Further, a second birefringent layer is formed on the surface of the first birefringent layer. Typically, the second birefringent layer is formed by laminating the polymer film described in the section A-3 on the surface of the first birefringent layer. Preferably, the polymer film is a stretched film. More specifically, the polymer film is a film stretched in the width direction as described in the above section A-3. Since such a stretched film has a slow axis in the width direction, the slow axis is substantially perpendicular to the absorption axis (longitudinal direction) of the polarizer. The lamination method is not particularly limited, and is performed using any appropriate adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive (for example, the adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive described in the above section B-5).

  Alternatively, as described in the above section A-3, a resin composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal and a chiral agent is applied to any appropriate base material, and heated to a temperature at which the polymerizable liquid crystal exhibits a liquid crystal state, The polymerizable liquid crystal is aligned in a state twisted by a chiral agent (more specifically, a cholesteric structure is formed). By polymerizing the polymerizable liquid crystal in this state, a film in which the cholesteric structure is fixed and oriented is obtained. By transferring this film from the substrate to the surface of the first birefringent layer, the second birefringent layer 13 is formed.

B-7. Specific Manufacturing Procedure An example of a specific procedure of the manufacturing method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 7, reference numerals 111, 111 ′, 112, 112 ′, 113, 114, 115, and 116 are rolls for winding a film and / or a laminate that form each layer.

  First, a long polymer film as a raw material for a polarizer is prepared, and dyeing, stretching, and the like are performed as described in the above section A-4. Stretching is continuously performed in the longitudinal direction of a long polymer film. Thus, as shown in the perspective view of FIG. 3, a long polarizer 11 having an absorption axis in the longitudinal direction (stretching direction: arrow A direction) is obtained.

  On the other hand, as shown in the perspective view of FIG. 4A, a long transparent protective film 14 (which will eventually become the first protective layer) 14 is prepared, and one surface thereof is rubbed with a rubbing roll 120. I do. At this time, the rubbing direction is a direction having a predetermined angle with respect to the longitudinal direction of the transparent protective film 14, for example, a direction of + 22 ° to + 26 ° or −22 ° to −26 °. Next, as shown in the perspective view of FIG. 4B, the first birefringent layer 12 is formed on the transparent protective film 14 subjected to the rubbing treatment as described in the paragraphs B-2 and B-3. Form. In the first birefringent layer 12, the liquid crystal material is aligned along the rubbing direction, so that the slow axis direction is substantially the same direction (arrow B direction) as the rubbing direction of the transparent protective film 14.

  Next, the first birefringent layer 12 formed on the transparent protective film 14 is aged at a temperature equal to or higher than (liquid crystal transition temperature of the liquid crystal material + 20 ° C.) for 0.5 hour or longer.

  Next, as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 5, the transparent protective film (being a second protective layer) 15, the polarizer 11, the transparent protective film (being a protective layer) 14 and the first birefringent layer 12. The laminated body 121 is sent out in the direction of the arrow, and bonded together with an adhesive or the like (not shown) in a state where the respective longitudinal directions are aligned. In addition, in FIG. 5, the code | symbol 122 shows the guide roll for bonding films together (it is the same also in FIG.6, FIG.7 and FIG.8).

  Furthermore, as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 6, a long second birefringent layer 13 is prepared, and this is laminated with a laminate 123 (second protective layer 15, polarizer 11, protective layer 14, and first layer The birefringent layer 12) is sent out in the direction of the arrow, and bonded with an adhesive or the like (not shown) in a state where the respective longitudinal directions are aligned. As described above, the slow axis direction (angle α) of the first birefringent layer 12 is + 22 ° to + 26 ° or −22 ° to −26 with respect to the longitudinal direction of the film (absorption axis of the polarizer 11). If it is set to ° and the relationship of β = 2α + 45 ° is used, the angle β is 89 ° to 97 °. That is, the slow axis of the second birefringent layer 13 may be substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the film (absorption axis of the polarizer 11). As a result, a general stretched polymer film transversely stretched in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction can be used, and the production efficiency can be significantly improved.

  When a resin composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal and a chiral agent is used as the second birefringent layer 13, a procedure as shown in FIG. 7 can be adopted. That is, as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 7A, a laminated body 125 (one in which the second birefringent layer 13 is formed on the base material 26) is prepared, and this is laminated with a laminated body 123 (second The protective layer 15, the polarizer 11, the protective layer 14, and the first birefringent layer 12) are sent out in the directions of the arrows, and bonded together with an adhesive or the like (not shown) in a state where the respective longitudinal directions are aligned. Finally, the base material 26 is peeled from the laminated body bonded as shown in FIG.

  As described above, the optical film 10 of the present invention is obtained.

  Another example of the specific procedure of the production method of the present invention will be described.

  Similarly to the above, as shown in the perspective view of FIG. 3, a long polarizer 11 is manufactured.

  On the other hand, as shown in the perspective view of FIG. 4A, a long transparent protective film 14 (which will eventually become the first protective layer) 14 is prepared, and one surface thereof is rubbed with a rubbing roll 120. I do. At this time, the rubbing direction is a direction having a predetermined angle with respect to the longitudinal direction of the transparent protective film 14, for example, a direction of + 22 ° to + 26 ° or −22 ° to −26 °.

  Next, as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 8, an elongated second transparent protective film (being a second protective layer) 15, a polarizer 11, and a transparent protective film (being a protective layer) 14 are It sends out to a direction and it bonds together by adhesive etc. (not shown) in the state which aligned each longitudinal direction. At this time, the transparent protective film 14 that has been subjected to the rubbing treatment is sent out so that the side opposite to the surface that has undergone the rubbing treatment faces the polarizer 11. As a result, a laminate 124 of the second protective layer (transparent protective film) 15 / polarizer 11 / protective layer (transparent protective film) 14 is obtained.

  Next, the first birefringent layer 12 is formed on the transparent protective film 14 subjected to the rubbing treatment as described in the paragraphs B-2 and B-3. In the first birefringent layer 12, the liquid crystal material is aligned along the rubbing direction, so that the slow axis direction is substantially the same direction (arrow B direction) as the rubbing direction of the transparent protective film 14. In this way, a laminate 123 (second protective layer 15, polarizer 11, protective layer 14, and first birefringent layer 12) is obtained.

  Next, the first birefringent layer 12 formed on the transparent protective film 14 is aged at a temperature equal to or higher than (liquid crystal transition temperature of the liquid crystal material + 20 ° C.) for 0.5 hour or longer.

  Furthermore, as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 6, a long second birefringent layer 13 is prepared, and this is laminated with a laminate 123 (second protective layer 15, polarizer 11, protective layer 14, and first layer The birefringent layer 12) is sent out in the direction of the arrow, and bonded with an adhesive or the like (not shown) in a state where the respective longitudinal directions are aligned. As described above, the slow axis direction (angle α) of the first birefringent layer 12 is + 22 ° to + 26 ° or −22 ° to −26 with respect to the longitudinal direction of the film (absorption axis of the polarizer 11). If it is set to ° and the relationship of β = 2α + 45 ° is used, the angle β is 89 ° to 97 °. That is, the slow axis of the second birefringent layer 13 may be substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the film (absorption axis of the polarizer 11).

  When a resin composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal and a chiral agent is used as the second birefringent layer 13, a procedure as shown in FIG. 7 can be adopted. That is, as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 7A, a laminated body 125 (one in which the second birefringent layer 13 is formed on the base material 26) is prepared, and this is laminated with a laminated body 123 (second The protective layer 15, the polarizer 11, the protective layer 14, and the first birefringent layer 12) are sent out in the directions of the arrows, and bonded together with an adhesive or the like (not shown) in a state where the respective longitudinal directions are aligned. Finally, the base material 26 is peeled from the laminated body bonded as shown in FIG.

  As described above, the optical film 10 of the present invention is obtained.

  Another example of the specific procedure of the production method of the present invention will be described.

  Similarly to the above, as shown in the perspective view of FIG. 3, a long polarizer 11 is manufactured.

  Next, as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 8, a long second transparent protective film (to be a second protective layer) 15, a polarizer 11, and a long transparent protective film (to be a protective layer) 14, Are sent in the direction of the arrow, and bonded together with an adhesive or the like (not shown) in a state where the respective longitudinal directions are aligned. As a result, a laminate 124 of the second protective layer (transparent protective film) 15 / polarizer 11 / protective layer (transparent protective film) 14 is obtained.

  Next, the surface of the transparent protective film 14 opposite to the polarizer 11 is subjected to a rubbing treatment with a rubbing roll 120. At this time, the rubbing direction is a direction having a predetermined angle with respect to the longitudinal direction of the transparent protective film 14, for example, a direction of + 22 ° to + 26 ° or −22 ° to −26 °.

  Next, the first birefringent layer 12 is formed on the transparent protective film 14 subjected to the rubbing treatment as described in the paragraphs B-2 and B-3. In the first birefringent layer 12, the liquid crystal material is aligned along the rubbing direction, so that the slow axis direction is substantially the same direction (arrow B direction) as the rubbing direction of the transparent protective film 14. In this way, a laminate 123 (second protective layer 15, polarizer 11, protective layer 14, and first birefringent layer 12) is obtained.

  Next, the first birefringent layer 12 formed on the transparent protective film 14 is aged at a temperature equal to or higher than (liquid crystal transition temperature of the liquid crystal material + 20 ° C.) for 0.5 hour or longer.

  Furthermore, as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 6, a long second birefringent layer 13 is prepared, and this is laminated with a laminate 123 (second protective layer 15, polarizer 11, protective layer 14, and first layer The birefringent layer 12) is sent out in the direction of the arrow, and bonded with an adhesive or the like (not shown) in a state where the respective longitudinal directions are aligned. As described above, the slow axis direction (angle α) of the first birefringent layer 12 is + 22 ° to + 26 ° or −22 ° to −26 with respect to the longitudinal direction of the film (absorption axis of the polarizer 11). If it is set to ° and the relationship of β = 2α + 45 ° is used, the angle β is 89 ° to 97 °. That is, the slow axis of the second birefringent layer 13 may be substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the film (absorption axis of the polarizer 11).

  When a resin composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal and a chiral agent is used as the second birefringent layer 13, a procedure as shown in FIG. 7 can be adopted. That is, as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 7A, a laminated body 125 (one in which the second birefringent layer 13 is formed on the base material 26) is prepared, and this is laminated with a laminated body 123 (second The protective layer 15, the polarizer 11, the protective layer 14, and the first birefringent layer 12) are sent out in the directions of the arrows, and bonded together with an adhesive or the like (not shown) in a state where the respective longitudinal directions are aligned. Finally, the base material 26 is peeled from the laminated body bonded as shown in FIG.

  As described above, the optical film 10 of the present invention is obtained.

B-7. Other components of optical film The optical film of the present invention may further include other optical layers. As such another optical layer, any appropriate optical layer may be employed depending on the purpose and the type of the image display device. Specific examples include a birefringent layer (retardation film), a liquid crystal film, a light scattering film, and a diffraction film.

  The optical film of the present invention may further have an adhesive layer as an outermost layer on at least one side. Thus, by having the adhesion layer as the outermost layer, for example, lamination with other members (for example, liquid crystal cell) becomes easy, and peeling from other members of the optical film can be prevented. Any appropriate material can be adopted as the material of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. Specific examples of the adhesive include those described in the above section B-5. Preferably, a material excellent in hygroscopicity and heat resistance is used. This is because foaming and peeling due to moisture absorption, deterioration of optical characteristics due to a difference in thermal expansion, and warpage of the liquid crystal cell can be prevented.

  Practically, the surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can be covered with any appropriate separator until the optical film is actually used to prevent contamination. The separator can be formed by, for example, a method of providing a release coat with a release agent such as silicone-based, long-chain alkyl-based, fluorine-based, molybdenum sulfide, or the like on any appropriate film as necessary.

  Each layer in the optical film of the present invention has been imparted with an ultraviolet absorbing ability by, for example, treatment with an ultraviolet absorbent such as a salicylic acid ester compound, a benzophenone compound, a benzotriazole compound, a cyanoacrylate compound, or a nickel complex compound. It may be a thing.

C. Use of optical film The optical film of the present invention can be suitably used for various image display devices (for example, liquid crystal display devices, self-luminous display devices). Specific examples of the applicable image display device include a liquid crystal display device, an EL display, a plasma display (PD), and a field emission display (FED). When the optical film of the present invention is used in a liquid crystal display device, it is useful for viewing angle compensation, for example. The optical film of the present invention is used in, for example, a circular polarization mode liquid crystal display device, and is used in a homogeneous alignment type TN liquid crystal display device, a horizontal electrode type (IPS) type liquid crystal display device, a vertical alignment (VA) type liquid crystal display device, and the like. It is particularly useful. Moreover, when using the optical film of this invention for EL display, it is useful for electrode reflection prevention, for example.

D. Image Display Device A liquid crystal display device will be described as an example of the image display device of the present invention. Here, a liquid crystal panel used in a liquid crystal display device will be described. As for other configurations of the liquid crystal display device, any appropriate configuration may be adopted depending on the purpose. FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal panel according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The liquid crystal panel 100 includes a liquid crystal cell 20, retardation plates 30 and 30 ′ disposed on both sides of the liquid crystal cell 20, and polarizing plates 10 and 10 ′ disposed on the outer sides of the respective retardation plates. As the retardation plates 30 and 30 ′, any appropriate retardation plate can be adopted depending on the purpose and the alignment mode of the liquid crystal cell. Depending on the purpose and the alignment mode of the liquid crystal cell, one or both of the retardation plates 30 and 30 ′ may be omitted. The polarizing plate 10 is the optical film of the present invention described in the above items A and B. This polarizing plate (elliptical polarizing plate) 10 is disposed so that the birefringent layers 12 and 13 are between the polarizer 11 and the liquid crystal cell 20. The polarizing plate 10 ′ is any appropriate polarizing plate. The polarizing plates 10, 10 ′ are typically arranged so that the absorption axes of the polarizers are orthogonal to each other. As shown in FIG. 9, in the liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal panel) of the present invention, the optical film 10 of the present invention is preferably disposed on the viewing side (upper side). The liquid crystal cell 20 includes a pair of glass substrates 21 and 21 'and a liquid crystal layer 22 as a display medium disposed between the substrates. One substrate (active matrix substrate) 21 ′ includes a switching element (typically a TFT) for controlling the electro-optical characteristics of the liquid crystal, a scanning line for supplying a gate signal to the active element, and a signal line for supplying a source signal. Are provided (both not shown). The other glass substrate (color filter substrate) 21 is provided with a color filter (not shown). The color filter may be provided on the active matrix substrate 21 ′. The distance (cell gap) between the substrates 21 and 21 'is controlled by a spacer (not shown). An alignment film (not shown) made of polyimide, for example, is provided on the side of the substrates 21 and 21 ′ in contact with the liquid crystal layer 22.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further more concretely, this invention is not limited by these Examples. The measuring method of each characteristic in an Example is as follows.

(1) Retardation measurement Refractive indexes nx, ny and nz of a sample film are measured by an automatic birefringence measuring device (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd., automatic birefringence meter KOBRA31PR), and in-plane retardation Δnd and thickness direction are measured. The phase difference Rth was calculated. The measurement temperature was 23 ° C. and the measurement wavelength was 590 nm.

(2) Measurement of thickness The thickness of the first birefringent layer was measured by an interference film thickness measurement method using MCPD2000 manufactured by Otsuka Electronics. The thicknesses of other various films were measured using a dial gauge.

(3) Durability test The film (layer) to be tested was maintained at a temperature of 90 ° C. for 250 hours, and the durability was measured.

(4) Measurement of contrast ratio The same elliptical polarizing plates are overlapped and illuminated with a backlight to display a white image (absorption axes of polarizers are parallel) and a black image (absorption axes of polarizers are orthogonal), manufactured by ELDIM The product name “EZ Contrast 160D” was scanned in the direction of 45 ° to 135 ° with respect to the absorption axis of the polarizer on the viewing side and from −60 ° to 60 ° with respect to the normal. Then, the contrast ratio “YW / YB” in the oblique direction was calculated from the Y value (YW) in the white image and the Y value (YB) in the black image.

(5) Measurement of transmittance It measured by brand name "DOT-3" (made by Murakami Color Co., Ltd.).
Transmittance before the durability test: The elliptically polarizing plate before the durability test (configuration shown in FIG. 1) and the elliptically polarizing plate before the durability test (configuration shown in FIG. 1) are superposed so that the absorption axes of the polarizers are orthogonal to each other. The transmittance was measured.
Transmittance after durability test: The elliptically polarizing plate before the durability test (configuration shown in FIG. 1) and the elliptically polarizing plate after the durability test (configuration shown in FIG. 1) are overlapped so that the absorption axes of the polarizers are orthogonal to each other. The transmittance was measured.

(6) Measurement of liquid crystal transition temperature The liquid crystal transition temperature was measured using a heating device (manufactured by Japan Tech Co., Ltd., model name: LK-600PM) and a polarizing microscope (manufactured by NIKON Corp., model name: EC LIPSE E600POL).
[Examples 1 to 10]

a. Alignment treatment of transparent protective film (production of alignment substrate)
The transparent protective film was subjected to an alignment treatment to produce an alignment substrate (which eventually becomes a protective layer).
Substrates (1) to (6): After forming a PVA film (thickness 0.1 μm) on the surface of the TAC film (thickness 40 μm), the surface of the PVA film at a rubbing angle shown in Table 1 below using a rubbing cloth Was rubbed to prepare an alignment substrate.
Base materials (7) to (8): A TAC film (thickness: 40 μm) was rubbed at a rubbing angle shown in Table 1 below using a rubbing cloth to prepare an alignment base material.
Substrates (9) to (10): After applying a silane coupling agent (trade name KBM-503: manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone Co., Ltd.) to the surface of the TAC film (thickness 40 μm), the surface is subjected to the following using a rubbing cloth. Rubbing was carried out at the rubbing angle shown in Table 1 to prepare an alignment substrate.

〔実施例１１〜２０〕 b. Production of first birefringent layer First, 10 g of a polymerizable liquid crystal exhibiting a nematic liquid crystal phase (manufactured by BASF: trade name: Palocolor LC242, liquid crystal transition temperature = 60 ° C.) and a photopolymerization initiator (Ciba Special) for the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. Tea Chemicals Co., Ltd .: 0.5 g of trade name Irgacure 907) was dissolved in 40 g of toluene to prepare a liquid crystal composition (coating solution). And after apply | coating the said coating liquid with the bar coater on the alignment base material (7) produced as mentioned above, the liquid crystal was orientated by heat-drying for 2 minutes at 90 degreeC. The liquid crystal layer thus formed was irradiated with 300 mJ / cm ² of light using a high-pressure mercury lamp to cure the liquid crystal layer, thereby forming the first birefringent layer (0). The thickness and retardation of the first birefringent layer (0) were adjusted by changing the coating amount of the coating liquid. The formed first birefringent layer (0) had a thickness of 2 μm and an in-plane retardation value Δnd of 247.7 nm.
Next, an aging treatment was performed on the first birefringent layer (0) under the aging treatment conditions shown in Table 2.
The first birefringent layers (1) to (10) after the aging treatment were subjected to a durability test at 90 ° C. × 250 hours. As shown in Table 2, (in-plane retardation value Δnd after durability test) − (in-plane retardation value Δnd before durability test) was calculated. The results are shown in Table 2.

[Examples 11 to 20]

c. Production of Second Birefringent Layer A polycarbonate film (thickness 60 μm) was uniaxially stretched 1.45 times in the lateral direction at 150 ° C. to produce a second birefringent layer film (a3). The obtained second birefringent layer film (a3) had an angle β (angle of slow axis with respect to the longitudinal direction of the film) of 90 °, a thickness of 50 μm, and a retardation value of 120 nm.

d. Production of Optical Film A polyvinyl alcohol film was dyed in an aqueous solution containing iodine, and then uniaxially stretched 6 times between rolls having different speed ratios in an aqueous solution containing boric acid to obtain a polarizer. The protective layer (alignment substrate (7)), the first birefringent layers (1) to (10) and the second birefringent layer (a3) after the aging treatment (before the durability test) were used. These polarizer, protective layer, first birefringent layer and second birefringent layer are laminated by the manufacturing procedure shown in FIGS. 3 to 7, and an optical film (elliptic polarizing plate) A01 as shown in FIG. -A10 was obtained. With respect to the optical films (elliptical polarizing plates) A01 to A10, the transmittance (%) before the durability test and the transmittance (%) after the durability test were measured. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Comparative Examples 1-5]
In Example 1, the first birefringent layer (C1) after the aging treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the aging treatment conditions for the first birefringent layer (0) were changed as shown in Table 4. To (C5).
With respect to the first birefringent layers (C1) to (C5) after the aging treatment, a durability test at 90 ° C. × 250 hours was performed. As shown in Table 4, (in-plane retardation value Δnd after durability test) − (in-plane retardation value Δnd before durability test) was calculated. The results are shown in Table 4.

[Comparative Examples 6 to 10]
As in Example 1, the protective layer (alignment substrate (7)), the first birefringent layers (C1) to (C5) and the second birefringent layer (a3) after the aging treatment (before the durability test) Was used. These polarizer, protective layer, first birefringent layer and second birefringent layer are laminated by the manufacturing procedure shown in FIGS. 3 to 7, and an optical film (elliptical polarizing plate) B01 as shown in FIG. ~ B05 was obtained. For the optical films (elliptical polarizing plates) B01 to B05, the transmittance (%) before the durability test and the transmittance (%) after the durability test were measured. The results are shown in Table 5.

〔実施例２１〕

Example 21

  The contrast ratio was measured by overlaying the optical film A01. This optical film A01 had a relationship of β = 2α + 44 °. According to this optical film A01, the angle of contrast 10 was a minimum of 40 degrees, a maximum of 50 degrees, and a maximum and minimum difference of 10 degrees in all directions. It was a practically preferable level that the angle of the contrast 10 was a minimum of 40 degrees in all directions. Furthermore, since the difference between the maximum and minimum is as small as 10 degrees, the visual characteristics are well balanced, which is also a very favorable level for practical use.

  According to the manufacturing method of the present invention, when the first birefringent layer is formed, an aging process is performed under a specific condition, so that the phase difference value of the first birefringent layer is changed when mounted on an image display device. Can be reduced. As a result, good viewing angle characteristics can be maintained for a long time.

  According to the production method of the present invention, a long transparent protective film in which a first birefringent layer having a slow axis in an oblique direction is formed and a long polarizer are rolled to roll with the long sides thereof aligned. Thus, an optical film can be obtained with very high production efficiency.

  An angle α formed between the absorption axis of the polarizer and the slow axis of the first birefringent layer, and an angle β formed between the absorption axis of the polarizer and the slow axis of the second birefringent layer are expressed as 2α + 40 ° <β. By optimizing in a relationship such as <2α + 50 °, the angle of contrast 10 can be set to a minimum of 40 degrees in all directions, and a practically preferable level can be secured. When the angles α and β did not satisfy the above relationship, the angle of contrast 10 was a minimum of 30 degrees in all directions.

  The optical film of the present invention is very thin. Therefore, it turns out that the optical film of this invention can contribute to thickness reduction of an image display apparatus.

  The optical film of the present invention has a significantly low light transmittance and little light leakage.

  In manufacturing the optical film of the present invention, the moisture resistance (high temperature durability) is remarkably improved by directly rubbing the surface of the transparent protective film.

  The optical film of the present invention can be suitably used for various image display devices (for example, liquid crystal display devices, self-luminous display devices).

It is a schematic sectional drawing of the optical film by preferable embodiment of this invention. 1 is an exploded perspective view of an optical film according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It is a perspective view which shows the outline of one process in an example of the manufacturing method of the optical film of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the outline of another process in an example of the manufacturing method of the optical film of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the outline of another process in an example of the manufacturing method of the optical film of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the outline of another process in an example of the manufacturing method of the optical film of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the outline of another process in an example of the manufacturing method of the optical film of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the outline of another process in an example of the manufacturing method of the optical film of this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the liquid crystal panel used for the liquid crystal display device by preferable embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Optical film 11 Polarizer 12 1st birefringent layer 13 2nd birefringent layer 14 1st protective layer 15 2nd protective layer 20 Liquid crystal cell 100 Liquid crystal panel

Claims (13)

A step of performing an orientation treatment on the surface of the transparent protective film (T);
Applying a liquid crystal composition to the surface of the transparent protective film (T) on which the alignment treatment has been performed;
Aligning the liquid crystal material in the liquid crystal composition according to the alignment direction of the transparent protective film (T) to form a first birefringent layer;
Aging the first birefringent layer at a temperature equal to or higher than (liquid crystal transition temperature of the liquid crystal material + 20 ° C.) for 0.5 hour or longer. Laminating a polarizer on the surface of the transparent protective film (T);
Laminating a polymer film on the surface of the first birefringent layer to form a second birefringent layer,
The polarizer and the first birefringent layer are disposed on opposite sides of each other via a transparent protective film (T),
When the angle between the absorption axis of the polarizer and the orientation direction of the transparent protective film (T) is α, and the angle between the absorption axis of the polarizer and the slow axis of the second birefringent layer is β, The manufacturing method of the optical film of Claim 1 with which angle (alpha) and (beta) have the relationship of following formula (1):
2α + 40 ° <β <2α + 50 ° (1).   The polarizer and the transparent protective film (T) are both long films, and in the lamination process of the polarizer, the long sides of the polarizer and the transparent protective film (T) are continuously bonded together. The manufacturing method according to claim 2.   The polymer film forming the second birefringent layer is a long film, and in the step of forming the second birefringent layer, the long sides of the first birefringent layer and the polymer film are The manufacturing method of Claim 2 or 3 bonded together continuously.   The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein a direction of the alignment treatment is + 8 ° to + 38 ° or -8 ° to -38 ° with respect to an absorption axis of the polarizer.   The alignment process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the alignment process is at least one selected from the group consisting of a rubbing process, an oblique vapor deposition method, a stretching process, a photo alignment process, a magnetic field alignment process, and an electric field alignment process. The manufacturing method as described.   The production method according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal composition contains at least one of a liquid crystal monomer and a liquid crystal polymer.   8. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal composition includes a polymerizable monomer and / or a crosslinkable monomer, and the alignment step of the liquid crystal further includes performing a polymerization treatment and / or a crosslinking treatment. Production method.   The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the first birefringent layer is a λ / 2 plate.   The manufacturing method according to claim 2, wherein the second birefringent layer is a λ / 4 plate.   The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 2 to 10, wherein the polymer film is a stretched film.   The optical film manufactured by the manufacturing method in any one of Claim 1-11. An image display device comprising the optical film according to claim 12.

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