JP2006312223A - Cutting apparatus and method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus capable of reliably cutting continuous swarf at relatively low cost even in external or internal surface cutting causing continuous chip. <P>SOLUTION: A tip 40 for machining a work 18 is fixed to a tip securing member 13a. The tip securing member 13a is fed so as to approach the work 18 by a linear moving mechanism and is rotated by a rotating mechanism to form a wavy path on a surface of the work 18. With this cutting method, the work 18 is machined with the wavy path being drawn on a surface to be machined, by changing a relative speed between the work 18 and the tip securing member 13a. Assuming a rotational frequency of the rotating mechanism as nHz, and an oscillation frequency of a first-round machining line 45, or a second-round machining line 46 as fHz, f is not in the vicinity of an integral multiple of n, and a feed amount V per one circuit around a cylindrical shape machining surface for the work 18 of the tip securing member 13a is not more than twice of an amplitude S of the wavy path, to cut the continuous chip caused by machining. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a cutting apparatus and method for finely dividing chips generated by cutting, for example, and obtaining a clean processed surface.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when cutting an inner surface in cutting a metal material or a resin material, chip discharge is an important issue in order to keep the processed surface clean.
There are two types of chips: discontinuous chips and continuous chips, and the resulting chips are continuous if they have sufficient toughness to cause shear deformation without fracture typified by materials such as aluminum. It becomes easy to generate elongate chips called chips.
Such chips are likely to be generated by high-speed cutting, and are also easily generated by low friction between the chip and the tool rake face even at a low speed. That is, in the case of conditions such as finishing, continuous chips are likely to be generated.

In cutting, continuous chips often indicate that cutting conditions are good, and are generally desirable from the viewpoint of chip discharge. However, continuous elongated chips can wrap around tools and non-worked objects, and can adversely affect the machined surface. Especially when cutting the inner surface, the chip escape area is limited, so the continuous chip prevents the chip from being discharged. As a result, the cutting surface may be damaged, the cutting edge may be damaged, and in the worst case, the machine may be broken. Yes, easy to get in the way.
That is, the continuous chips to be discharged need to be appropriately divided. In particular, with respect to internal cutting, continuous chips are not preferable in terms of chip dischargeability and often in the process.

Therefore, it is necessary to divide and remove such continuous chips.
Regarding the division of continuous chips, a method as disclosed in Patent Document 1 is disclosed.
Patent Document 1 discloses a technique related to a chip breaker, particularly a diamond or cubic boron nitride sintered body cutting tool with a chip breaker, which is related to the shape of the cutting edge of the chip of the cutting tool.
In general, a chip breaker is a continuous chip that is elongated and easily stretched in a straight line. By devising the cutting edge of the tool, the chip breaks, breaks or curls, and wraps around or winds around the tool or work surface. The thing that works to hold down.

FIG. 12 shows the shape of the chip breaker 100. The chip breaker 100, which is a tool rake face formed in a convex shape or a combination of convex and concave shapes in the vicinity of the cutting edge of the cutting tool, is subjected to laser processing. Since it is provided by being polished by a polishing method using loose abrasive grains, a hard sintered cutting tool with a chip breaker having excellent chip cutting performance and a long life is shown.
With this chip breaker 100, it is possible to curl and sever the continuous chips, and to suppress adverse effects on processing.

On the other hand, Patent Document 2 discloses a method in which a chip collecting machine is provided and the chips are cut and collected there.
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the configuration. FIG. 14 shows the internal structure of the suction port. In this method, a nozzle is disposed in the vicinity of the cutting portion, and the chips are collected while being finely divided by suctioning with a blower or the like behind the nozzle or a blower.

By the way, for the purpose of increasing the machining accuracy of a workpiece, a method combining vibration with machining is known.
Patent Document 3 discloses a vice technique using ultrasonic vibration.
FIG. 15 shows a side view of a vise according to Patent Document 3. As shown in FIG. FIG. 16 is an enlarged perspective view of the vise portion 203a.
The vise device of Patent Document 3 can easily and reliably bring out the parallelism of the workpiece by finely moving the voltage actuators 212a, 212b, and 212c described above while being vibrated by the fixing portion 201b and the vise portion 203a.
Further, by giving such a fine movement, the workpiece itself is also in a fine movement state, and there is an effect that the cutting resistance is reduced, the thermal distortion is small, and the precision cutting can be easily performed.

The invention using such vibration is also used in a processing machine as shown in Patent Document 4.
The vibration cutting technique or the vibration cutting method disclosed in Patent Document 4 is applied to drilling and thread cutting, and by causing the processing machine to vibrate slightly, the cutting resistance can be reduced and the processing accuracy can be reduced as in Patent Document 3. The purpose is to improve.
FIG. 17 shows a vibration cutting apparatus of Patent Document 4. The vibration cutting unit 301 includes a unit main body 303, and a drill sleeve 305 is rotatably attached to the unit main body 303 via a bearing member 307.
A drill shaft 306 is housed inside the drill sleeve 305 so as to be movable in the Z direction. A collet chuck 315 is attached to the tip of the drill shaft 306, and the collet chuck 315 is fixed by a cap 317. ing. A drill 319 is attached to the collet chuck 315.

  A coil spring 308 is provided between the stepped portion 306 a of the drill shaft 306 and the stepped portion 305 a of the drill sleeve 305, and the drill shaft 306 is always urged in the Z direction by the coil spring 308. When the workpiece 359 comes into contact with the drill 319 during the cutting process, the workpiece 359 is returned to the upper side in the Z direction by a slight amount against the urging force of the coil spring 308. The return amount is limited to the range in which the stepped portion 306a of the drill shaft 306 contacts the stepped portion 305a of the drill sleeve 305.

  A cam 321 is attached to the rear end portion of the drill sleeve 305 by a nut 323. A key 322 extended in the axial direction is provided on the drill sleeve 305 side, and a key groove 324 extended in the axial direction is formed on the cam 321 side. The cams 321 are integrated with the drill sleeve 305 in the rotational direction by engaging the keys 322 with the key grooves 324. The rear end portion of the drill shaft 306 protrudes from the rear end portion of the drill sleeve 305 and is fixed by a nut 326. The strength of the coil spring 308 is adjusted and set by adjusting the screwing amount of the nut 326 to the rear end portion of the drill shaft 306.

  A plate body 325 is disposed on the left side of the cam 321 in the drawing, and the plate body 325 is fixed to the unit main body 303. The cam 321 is provided with a protrusion 327, and a support 329 is attached to the plate 325 side. The support 329 is attached to an arc-shaped opening formed in the plate 325, and is attached and fixed at an arbitrary position within the range of the arc-shaped opening. That is, the support 329 is configured to be attached to an arbitrary position of the arc-shaped opening by screwing the bolt 330 and the nut 332 together.

A coil spring 333 as an elastic member is stretched between the protrusion 327 and the tip of the bolt 330, and the cam 321 is always urged by the coil spring 333. Further, the spring force of the coil spring 333 is adjusted by appropriately adjusting the mounting position of the support 329 in the arc-shaped opening.
By being configured in this way, the vibration cutting device of Patent Document 4 has the following effects.
First, the work 359 held by the main shaft is rotated in the direction of arrow a by the main shaft. On the other hand, the cam 321 on the vibration cutting unit 301 side is urged to rotate by a coil spring 333.

In this state, the headstock is moved at a predetermined feed speed in the Z-axis direction. As a result, the tip of the work 359 comes into contact with and presses the drill 319. During the period from when the workpiece 359 first contacts the drill 319 to when the first cutting is started, the drill 319 and the drill shaft 306 slightly move against the biasing force of the coil spring 308 as the workpiece 359 advances. Pushed back by the amount.
Further, the rotating workpiece 359 transmits the rotation of the workpiece 359 side to the drill 319 side, whereby the rotation in the same direction is also transmitted to the drill sleeve 305 and the cam 321. The cam 321 rotates against the urging force of the coil spring 333 in the forward direction of FIG. 15, and the coil spring 333 is elastically deformed, so that the elastic force is accumulated.

  When the amount of elastic deformation of the coil spring 333 exceeds a certain value, the force stored in the coil spring 333 exceeds the cutting resistance of the drill 319 against the work 359 and rotates in the direction opposite to the arrow a of the work 359. The coil spring 333 returns to the original state. Then, as the workpiece 359 is processed again, energy is stored in the coil spring 333. By repeating this, a desired process is performed.

Although such a method has been conventionally used, any method is not suitable in consideration of application to a mass production line.
A blade provided with a chip breaker as disclosed in Patent Document 1 is expensive and easily damaged, which may be a drag on cost reduction in a mass production line. In addition, generally, a chip breaker for special blades such as diamond and cubic boron nitride sintered body cutting tool as shown in Patent Document 1 is not commercially available, and it is difficult to obtain.
In addition, the method of Patent Document 2 is a reliable method in the sense of dividing, but it is an internal cutting, and there is a limitation on the place where the suction port is provided due to the characteristic of processing by rotating the blade while fixing the product. It is difficult to bring the mouth close to the cutting site, and if the continuous chips remain long until going to the suction port, it may be entangled with another part on the way, which is likely to be a problem.
Further, depending on the method in Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4, it can be expected that the machining accuracy is improved, but it is not considered that the continuous chip is reliably cut, and the continuous chip cannot be cut reliably. .

Therefore, it is conceivable to adopt a method as disclosed in Patent Document 5. Patent Document 5 introduces a technique capable of reliably cutting chips by controlling a machining locus as a cutting method using a vibration tool.
In Patent Document 5, as shown in FIG. 18, the waveform of vibration applied to the cutting blade 402 provided in the cutting tool 401 is a triangular waveform, and the amplitude a ₁ of the vibration is a ₁ = f ₁ / 2 is set.
Then, in the rotation period t _total of the cutting edge 402, the time t from the most advanced position A where the cutting edge 402 touches most in the feeding direction F to the rearmost position B where the cutting edge 402 touches most rearward in the feeding direction F. _d is t _d = T / 40 with respect to the rotation period T of the workpiece W, and a time t _u from the last edge position B to the next most advanced position A is the time t _u . t _u = 3 × T / 10. Therefore, t _d / t _u , that is, t _d ≠ _tu, and when n = 3, T = t _total × n + t _d is satisfied. It will be.

Locus L of the cutting edge 402 of such vibration is given draw the outer peripheral surface of the relatively workpiece W is in its rotation cycle t _total, toward the rear side of the workpiece rotation direction C as shown in FIG. 19 Then, it gradually extends from the rear end position B toward the feed direction F and reaches the most advanced position A. After bending at the most advanced position A, the rear end position extends rearward to the rear side in the feed direction F at a steep angle. B is swung to reach B, and such touching in the feed direction F and the feed direction F is repeated centering on the locus _Lo drawn when no vibration is applied, and also along _Lo. As it goes to the rear side in the workpiece rotation direction C, a spiral shape toward the feed direction F side is formed.

Then, on this locus L, the cutting edge 402 swings three times in the feed direction F and four times to the rear side in the feed direction F while making a round in the gazette of the workpiece rotation direction C from the most advanced position A. The position a round from the foremost position A is located at the rearmost position B swung to the rear side in the feed direction F for the fourth time, and the vibration amplitude a ₁ of the cutting edge 402 is the per edge of the cutting edge 402. Since it is equal to ½ of the feed f _1, the foremost position A and the rearmost position B are arranged so as to coincide with the feed direction F and the workpiece rotation direction C. Therefore, the chips generated by the cutting blade 402 given such vibrations are divided into at least three at the position where the foremost position A and the rearmost position B coincide with each other while the work W makes one round. become.
When the vibration amplitude a ₁ of the cutting edge 402 is set to a ₁ <f _1/2 , the leading edge position A and the rearmost position B that has made one round from now on do not coincide with each other, but the feed direction F As a result, a narrow portion is formed in the chip, and the cutting of the chip is facilitated from here.

In addition, although the specific method to vibrate the cutting blade 402 is not directly disclosed in Patent Document 5, it is known to vibrate by a method such as Patent Document 6 or Patent Document 7.
JP 2004-223648 A JP-A-6-170605 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-53043 JP 2001-162402 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-15701 JP-A-8-300207 JP 2001-138105 A

However, in the method of cutting a workpiece by feeding a cutting blade provided in a bite body as shown in Patent Document 5 while vibrating in the feeding direction, machining with many axes to be machined, such as multi-axis boring. It is not suitable for the method and is difficult to realize. When the method of Patent Document 5 is actually applied to multi-axis boring, it is necessary to attach a device for generating vibration to each boring shaft or to vibrate the entire shaft head.
The method of attaching to each processing shaft must be equipped with a device that generates vibration in the gap between the shafts, and the methods of Patent Literature 6 and Patent Literature 7 require a lot of space, and are therefore applicable. In the method of vibrating the entire shaft head, the shaft head itself becomes a considerable weight, and an actuator such as a huge hydraulic cylinder is provided to vibrate. A vibration generator is required, and it is difficult to control such a device with high accuracy.
Even if it is feasible, it costs a lot and is not realistic.

In other words, in the prior art, the space for attaching the vibrator to each axis is limited in the case of continuous chip cutting when the workpiece is fixed and the blade is rotated as in boring, for example. Therefore, there was a problem that it was not appropriate.
The present invention has been made in order to solve such problems, and is a means for reliably cutting continuous chips relatively inexpensively even in the processing of external surface cutting and internal surface cutting in which continuous chips are generated. The purpose is to provide.

The cutting apparatus and method according to the present invention have the following configuration.
(1) There is a blade for machining a workpiece, the blade is fixed to a blade fixing body, and the blade fixing body is fed so as to approach the other by a linear motion mechanism, and the blade fixing body rotates. The workpiece is fixed in a cutting apparatus that forms a cylindrical machining surface with the rotation axis as a central axis on the workpiece by being rotated about a rotation axis that is parallel to the feed direction by a mechanism. A plate-like member that vibrates, a vibration actuator that vibrates the plate-like member in a plate thickness direction, and a plate-like member fixing jig that fixes the plate-like member. A workpiece fixing unit that vibrates with the maximum amplitude at the position and adjusts the amplitude and frequency, vibrates the workpiece by vibrating the plate-like member, and With rotating mechanism A control device that processes the workpiece while drawing a wavy trajectory with respect to the cylindrical processing surface of the workpiece by rotating and sending the workpiece to the workpiece fixing unit side by the linear motion mechanism It is characterized by having.

The vibration actuator here is an actuator that can generate high-frequency vibration, such as a hydraulic cylinder, and is controlled by a valve control amplifier or the like. Although it is possible to apply a pneumatic cylinder or a combination of a motor and a cam, there are few pneumatic cylinders that can generate high response and high pressure, and the combination of the motor and cam changes the amplitude. Since this requires cam replacement, there are reproducibility problems and replacement complexity. If these problems can be solved, vibration may be generated using a pneumatic cylinder or a combination of a motor and a cam.
The wavy trajectory here refers to a trajectory that swings at a constant interval, such as a sine wave, for example, and changes the relative speed between the work piece and the tool stationary body, thereby changing the work surface of the work piece. As a result, continuous chips can be divided by drawing the trace of the waveform and controlling the traces to intersect. The waveform trajectory is not limited to a sine wave, and includes a triangular wave, a rectangular wave, and the like.

(2) In the cutting apparatus described in (1), a hole for reducing the rigidity of the plate-like member is formed in the center portion of the plate-like member, and the upper end portion of the plate-like member is the plate. It is fixed to a shaped member fixing jig.
Here, the puncture hole refers to a hole formed by cutting out the inside of the plate-like member, and is used to adjust the rigidity of the plate-like member. It is possible to reduce the rigidity by devising the size, shape, etc. of the drill hole and performing additional machining.
(3) In the cutting apparatus described in (1) or (2), the workpiece fixing unit is fixed to a base so that the plate-like member is perpendicular to the feed direction of the blade fixing body, An upper end portion of the plate member is fixed to the plate member fixing jig, and a lower end portion of the plate member is restricted with respect to a direction in which the vibration is applied.

(4) In the cutting apparatus described in any one of (1) to (3), when the rotation frequency obtained from the rotation speed of the rotation mechanism is nHz and the vibration frequency of the wavy locus is fHz, f Is not in the vicinity of an integer multiple of n, but the amount of feed around the cylindrical machining surface with respect to the workpiece of the blade fixing body is less than twice the amplitude of the wavy trajectory, which is generated by machining. It is characterized by dividing continuous chips.
The rotational frequency obtained from the rotational speed referred to here is that the rotational speed of the blade is expressed as a rotational frequency nHz for comparison with the number of amplitudes of the workpiece. For example, the rotational speed of the blade is 600 r.s. p. m. Then, since there are 600 revolutions per minute, 10 revolutions per second. That is, the rotational frequency n of the blade is 10 Hz.
(5) Using the cutting apparatus according to any one of (1) to (4), the cutting tool draws a wave-like locus on the cylindrical processing surface of the workpiece while the workpiece is drawn. It is characterized by processing.

The operation effect of the cutting apparatus and method which have the above-mentioned composition is explained.
In the cutting apparatus and method of the present invention,
(1) There is a blade for machining a workpiece, the blade is fixed to a blade fixing body, and the blade fixing body is fed so as to approach the other by a linear motion mechanism, and the blade fixing body rotates. The workpiece is fixed in a cutting apparatus that forms a cylindrical machining surface with the rotation axis as a central axis on the workpiece by being rotated about a rotation axis that is parallel to the feed direction by a mechanism. A plate-like member that vibrates, a vibration actuator that vibrates the plate-like member in a plate thickness direction, and a plate-like member fixing jig that fixes the plate-like member. A workpiece fixing unit that vibrates with the maximum amplitude at the position and adjusts the amplitude and frequency, vibrates the workpiece by vibrating the plate-like member, and With rotating mechanism A control device that processes the workpiece while drawing a wavy trajectory with respect to the cylindrical processing surface of the workpiece by rotating and sending the workpiece to the workpiece fixing unit side by the linear motion mechanism Because it is characterized by having a plate-like member, the workpiece is vibrated with a small force using the elastic force of the plate-like member, and a continuous chip is drawn by drawing a wavy locus on the cylindrical machining surface of the workpiece. There is an excellent effect that it can be surely divided.

Further, by applying vibration, the cutting resistance between the cylindrical processed surface and the cutting tool is reduced, and the cutting surface can be smoothly finished by smoothly feeding the cutting tool.
Further, since it is not necessary to add a vibration mechanism to the blade fixing body for fixing the blade, there is a great merit when the number of axes is large and the distance between the shafts can hardly be obtained as in multi-axis boring. If it is necessary to provide a vibration mechanism on the blade fixing body side, it is necessary to provide a vibration mechanism for each blade, or to add a vibration mechanism to the feed mechanism of the shaft head that is a set of the blade fixing bodies. When a vibration mechanism is provided for each of the former blades, it is easily expected that even a compact vibration mechanism will be considerably restricted due to the restriction between the shafts, and the entire feed mechanism of the latter shaft head vibrates. Such a vibration mechanism has a demerit that a large vibration mechanism is necessary because a considerable mass needs to be vibrated at a high cycle. Therefore, these problems are solved by vibrating the workpiece side.

(2) In the cutting apparatus described in (1), a hole for reducing the rigidity of the plate-like member is formed in the center portion of the plate-like member, and the upper end portion of the plate-like member is the plate. Since the rigidity of the plate-like member can be adjusted by the size of the hole, the rigidity is adjusted for the shape of the plate-like member. Once done, it can be used on workpieces of the same shape without adjustment, which is highly advantageous for mass production. Furthermore, since the simple method of adjusting the rigidity of the plate-like member with the hole is used, there is an advantage that the initial cost can be reduced.
Furthermore, since the upper end portion of the plate-like member is fixed and the lower end portion is restricted in the vibration direction, the plate-like member can vibrate back and forth around the portion to which vibration is applied.
In addition, when there is a hole in the plate-like member, when processing the front and back of the workpiece at the same time, a processing unit with processing units on both sides will cause the processing unit on one side to This processing unit can process the back side through the hole, which is effective for shortening the lead time in the case of mass production.

(3) In the cutting apparatus described in (1) or (2), the workpiece fixing unit is fixed to a base so that the plate-like member is perpendicular to the feed direction of the blade fixing body, Since the upper end portion of the plate member is fixed to the plate member fixing jig, and the lower end portion of the plate member is restricted with respect to the direction in which the vibration is applied, the plate member Since it can vibrate back and forth around the part where vibration can be applied, it can be regulated with a simple structure, so there is an advantage in that extra work can be saved at the time of setup change and the workpiece can be replaced quickly. is there. Especially when mass production is premised, shortening the lead time has great advantages.

(4) In the cutting apparatus described in any one of (1) to (3), when the rotation frequency obtained from the rotation speed of the rotation mechanism is nHz and the vibration frequency of the wavy locus is fHz, f Is not in the vicinity of an integer multiple of n, but the amount of feed around the cylindrical machining surface with respect to the workpiece of the blade fixing body is less than twice the amplitude of the wavy trajectory, which is generated by machining. Since the continuous chip is divided, the wavy trajectory drawn on the cylindrical machining surface is the first turn of the first wavy trajectory when the blade feed direction is the valley side and the reverse direction is the mountain side. When the valley and the second peak of the second wave wavy locus touch or cross each other, a chip thickness of 0 part is created, and in external cutting, especially internal cutting, chips are reliably cut short when they occur. , Improve chip discharge, To prevent damaging the processed surface by such continuous chips are involved, an excellent effect that also eliminated things like lead to damage to the device. In addition, since it is not necessary to use a special blade, even if the initial cost is required, the cost can be lowered as a result when a large number of workpieces are produced.

(5) Using the cutting apparatus according to any one of (1) to (4), the cutting tool draws a wave-like locus on the cylindrical processing surface of the workpiece while the workpiece is drawn. Since it is characterized by machining, it uses the elastic force of the plate-like member to vibrate the workpiece with a small force, and draws a wavy trajectory on the cylindrical machining surface of the workpiece, so that continuous chips It has an excellent effect that can be reliably divided.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. First, the configuration of the embodiment will be described.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a multi-axis boring machine 10. Since the multi-axis boring machine 10 is a general processing apparatus, its outline will be briefly described.
On the base 20 having an appropriate working height, a workpiece fixing unit 21 which is a workpiece fixing unit for fixing the workpiece is fixed at the center, and the processing unit 11 moves linearly to the left and right thereof. It has a mechanism and is provided so that it can move linearly.
The processing unit 11 includes a prime mover 16 and has a rotation mechanism that transmits power from the prime mover 16 to a tool 13 attached to the shaft head 22.
Specifically, the tool 13 corresponding to the blade and the blade fixing body is a tool for performing boring such as a cutting tool, a shaft fixing the cutting tool, or a drill for drilling.

The processing unit 11 includes a pump unit 17 and has a structure in which oil is supplied in the form of a mist to the processing surface from the tool 13 side. By supplying the mist to the machining surface from the tool 13 side, the oil mist can be sprayed directly near the tool 13, and there is an advantage that the amount of mist may be small when oil is used for lubrication. . In addition, you may make it change the liquid oil which is not made into mist instead of oil mist as it is to this part.
Such a machining unit 11 is driven by the machining unit prime mover 16 on the base 20 to move linearly and machine the workpiece 18 that is a workpiece fixed to the workpiece fixing unit 21.

Next, the workpiece fixing unit 21 provided in the multi-axis boring machine 10 will be described.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an outline of the work fixing unit 21.
The work fixing unit 21 is composed of a jig equal 15 which is a plate-like member fixing jig and a plate-like member 31, and fixes the work 18 to the plate-like member 31.
The work 18 is fixed by using a work clamp 34a and a reference metal 34b provided on the plate-like member 31 and sandwiching the work 18 between the work clamp 34a and the reference metal 34b.
The jig scale 15 is formed in a substantially square shape with a rigid metal plate having a thickness of about 30 mm. In order to machine the workpiece 18 with high accuracy, the jig face 15 has a lower surface of the jig face 15 that is a mounting surface with the base 20, a mounting surface to which the plate-like member 31 is mounted, and the like are vertical and parallel. It is finished by machining.

Then, a positioning pin hole (not shown) is provided on the lower surface of the jig scale 15 which is a mounting surface with the base 20 and the mounting surface to which the plate-like member 31 is mounted. Also, when the plate-like member 31 is attached to the jig scale 15, it is attached at the same position.
This is because the workpiece 18 is attached at substantially the same position every time, and the mass-produced workpiece 18 can be processed with the same accuracy.
The jig scale 15 processed in this way is fixed on the upper surface of the base 20 with bolts between the left and right processing units 11.

The plate-like member 31 has a hole 32 in the center, and includes three work clamps 34 a on the surface of the plate-like member 31. Also, several pin-shaped guides 33 are provided so that the position of the workpiece 18 can be easily determined.
The plate-like member 31 uses a plate material having a plate thickness of about 30 mm, and a surface of a necessary portion is formed by machining.
The center hole 32 is provided with consideration so that the workpiece 18 fixed to the plate-like member 31 can be machined from both sides by the left and right machining units 11 on the base 20, and the plate-like member 31 itself. It also has a function of adjusting the rigidity of the. The rigidity of the plate member 31 affects the spring property of the plate member 31 and greatly affects the behavior when vibration is applied to the plate member 31. As a result, the vibration exerted on the workpiece 18 is also affected. Therefore, the rigidity of the plate-like member 31 may be reduced by reducing the plate thickness or increasing the diameter of the hole 32 if necessary. By utilizing the spring property of the plate-like member 31, it is possible to generate vibration with a relatively small force with a simple structure.

  In order to attach the plate-like member 31 to the jig scale 15, the jig scale 15 is provided with holes for positioning with bolt holes (not shown). Using this bolt hole, the plate-like member 31 is fixed to the jig scale 15. However, since the plate-like member 31 needs to be bent by vibrating the plate-like member 15, several places on the upper side are bolts or the like. The lower side is fixed by an L-shaped presser 15a. By doing so, the upper and lower pieces are fixed to the jig scale 15, the upper side is restrained in the front direction, and the lower side is restrained in the direction perpendicular to the mounting surface of the jig scale 15.

The work clamp 34a is provided together with a reference metal 34b provided as a pair, and is designed to be fixed at a predetermined position of the work 18. Further, the work clamp 34a and the reference metal 34b are arranged at a distance L equal to the vertical direction with respect to a center line connecting two points where the plate-like member 31 is pressed by the actuator 35. By changing the distance L, the amplitude of vibration transmitted to the workpiece 18 can be adjusted.
By clamping the workpiece 18 with the workpiece clamp 34a and the reference metal 34b, the workpiece 18 can be held so as not to be displaced during processing.
The guide 33 provided on the plate-like member 31 plays a role of guiding the work 18 so as to improve attachment when the work 18 is fixed to the plate-like member 31.

The workpiece 18 fixed to the plate-like member 31 is a transmission case and has a number of holes into which bearings for supporting the shaft in parallel are assembled. Since these parts require high precision for their parts, they require extremely high precision machining.
Therefore, the workpiece 18 needs to be positioned accurately with respect to the base 20, and each shape accuracy is required. Therefore, the base 20 and the jig accale 15, the jig accale 15 and the plate member 31, and the plate member. 31 and the workpiece 18 need to be positioned and fixed with the necessary accuracy as described above.

Further, the jig scale 15 is provided with two actuators 35 for vibrating the plate-like member 31. The actuator 35 is mounted symmetrically at two locations on the inner surface of the jig-scale 15 that is shaped like a letter B. When the plate-shaped member 31 is mounted on the jig-scale 15, the actuator 35 vibrates at the center of the plate-shaped member 31. Is attached to a height that can be given.
Therefore, the work 18 fixed by the work clamp 34a and the reference metal 34b on the plate-like member 31 arranged as described above vibrates uniformly as a whole when the center of the plate-like member 31 vibrates, And it becomes possible to vibrate in the same direction as the feed direction of the processing unit 11.
In this embodiment, since the workpiece 18 is provided at the center of the plate-like member 31 and the hole 32 is provided near the center, the center of the plate-like member 31 is vibrated by the actuator 35. There is no necessity, and the place to be vibrated may be changed according to the positions of the work clamp 34a and the reference metal 34b and the arrangement of the drill hole 32 and the like.

The actuator 35 vibrates the plate-like member 31 by operating the built-in hydraulic cylinder 35a at a high speed of, for example, about 0.05 mm stroke and about 25 Hz. By adopting this method, the vibration is applied to the feed of the tool 13 in the same direction.
The stroke of the hydraulic cylinder 35a can be arbitrarily changed, and the amplitude number can also be arbitrarily changed.
For example, when the stroke is increased, the cutting oil is easily supplied to the cutting edge of the tool 13 when the tool 13 and the workpiece 18 are separated by vibration, and as a result, the effect that the wear of the tool 13 is reduced is also achieved. I can expect.

The hydraulic cylinder 35a used for vibration has a diameter of about φ30 mm and applies a hydraulic pressure of about 11.0 MPa. In the present embodiment, the plate-like member 31 has a thickness of about 30 mm. However, there is no problem in changing the cylinder diameter and hydraulic pressure as the plate thickness is reduced.
This vibration is given in the same direction as the feed direction of the tool 13. This is because if the vibration is not applied in the same direction as the feeding direction, the machining accuracy is adversely affected and the tool 13 may be damaged.
The actuator 35 is configured as shown in FIG. 4 in order to operate at high speed.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a system connected to the actuator 35.
The actuator 35 is driven by a hydraulic cylinder 35a. A servo valve 35b is built in in order to increase the responsiveness, and hydraulic oil is supplied to the servo valve 35b from an external hydraulic pump 36. Further, a valve control amplifier 37 is connected to the servo valve 35b, and the valve control amplifier 37 takes position data picked up from the hydraulic cylinder 35a into the position sensor amplifier 38, and the data is sent to perform feedback control. The hydraulic cylinder 35a can be positioned with high accuracy.
Furthermore, a waveform output machine 39 is connected to the valve control amplifier 37, and the movement of the actuator 35 is displayed on the waveform output machine 39 so that the frequency can be controlled from the waveform output machine 39 side. ing.
The waveform output device 39 also captures the rotational speed of the processing unit 11 and displays it simultaneously so that the operator can visually observe the waveform and control the vibration frequency of the actuator 35. It is configured.

Next, the function and effect of this embodiment will be described.
First, the head 22 attached to the machining unit 11 is selected in accordance with the workpiece 18 that is the workpiece. Then, the workpiece 18 is set on the workpiece fixing unit 21, and the prime mover 16 of the machining unit 11 operates according to a program prepared in advance to rotate the tool 13. The machining unit prime mover 16 moves the machining unit 11 to a required position. Then, preparation for processing is completed.
At the time of processing, a vibration of about 25 Hz, for example, is applied to the plate-like member 31 to which the workpiece 18 is fixed by the actuator 35 provided in the workpiece fixing unit 21. As a result, the workpiece 18 fixed to the plate-like member 31 also vibrates at 25 Hz in the same direction as the feed direction of the machining unit 11.

FIG. 3 shows a side view of a state where the plate-like member 31 fixed to the work fixing unit 21 vibrates. It should be noted that fine portions that are not related to the vibration state of the machining unit 11 and the workpiece 18 are omitted.
According to this, the plate-like member 31 is fixed to the work fixing unit 21 by bolts at several locations at the upper end portion via the spacer, and is pressed by the L-shaped presser 15 a fixed at the lower end portion to the work fixing unit 21. ing. By doing so, the upper end portion is fixed and restrained in a cantilevered manner with respect to the jig scale 15, and the lower end portion is restrained in the vertical direction with respect to the mounting surface of the jig scale 15 and can be moved in the horizontal direction. It is.

Since the rod of the actuator 35 moves forward and the central portion of the plate-like member 31 is pushed, the plate-like member 31 bends in the direction perpendicular to the mounting surface, and the rod of the actuator 35 moves backward. As a result, the plate-like member 31 tries to be restored to its original state by the spring property. By repeating this, the central portion of the plate-like member 31 vibrates, and the workpiece 18 fixed to the plate-like member 31 vibrates accordingly.
Since the actuator 35 is attached in parallel with the feed direction of the machining unit 11 and the rod of the actuator 35 operates in parallel with the feed direction of the machining unit 11, the vibration direction is parallel to the feed direction of the machining unit 11. Occurs.

As described above, the upper end portion of the plate-like member 31 is fixed in a cantilever state, but the lower end portion is not restrained in the direction parallel to the mounting surface, and thus does not prevent the plate-like member 31 from vibrating.
Further, the jig equale 15 to which the plate-like member 31 is attached, which constitutes the workpiece fixing unit 21, is a plate-like material having a plate thickness of about 30 mm as described above.
As shown in FIG. 2, the plate materials are combined so as to be wide in the feed direction of the processing unit 11, and the plate width is wider than the plate thickness (300 mm in this embodiment). Therefore, the actuator is rigid against vibration generated in parallel with the feed direction of the machining unit 11 and is tightened to the base 20 with a strong torque on the lower surface of the work fixing unit 21, and the base 20 has a sufficient weight. The back-and-forth motion of 35 prevents the work fixing unit 21 from shaking and thus damping the vibration.
Then, the machining unit 11 on one side or both sides of the workpiece fixing unit 21 is sent to be provided in the machining unit 11, for example, 600 r. p. m. The tool 13 that rotates in contact with the machining surface of the workpiece 18 starts machining.

Thus, the vibration applied to the plate-like member 31 by the actuator 35 causes the workpiece 18 to vibrate back and forth, and the direction of travel of the tool 13 attached to the machining unit 11 and the direction of vibration of the workpiece 18 exist in parallel. Therefore, a wavy locus is drawn on the machining surface without adding extra to the tool 13.
Then, by proceeding with the machining, the wavy trajectory is drawn so as to touch or intersect with the wavy trajectory previously drawn, and the machining is advanced without generating continuous chips.
In this embodiment, since the work 18 is finished with high precision, the time required for the work is as short as about 45 seconds, and tens of thousands of pieces are produced per month. For this purpose, a multi-axis boring machine is used, the machining unit 11 is provided so as to oppose left and right, and the workpiece 18 is simultaneously machined from both sides.

FIG. 5 schematically shows a waveform actually observed when the plate-like member 31 is vibrated by the actuator 35 having the hydraulic cylinder 35a described above.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing a command waveform of the actuator 35 and a state in which the hydraulic cylinder 35a actually moves when the vertical axis represents amplitude f and the horizontal axis represents elapsed time t.
The solid line waveform in FIG. 5 is a command signal 60 and is drawn based on a signal output from the valve control amplifier 37. Further, a broken line waveform is a feedback signal 65 and shows a waveform drawn based on a signal returning from the hydraulic cylinder 35a. Further, the peak of the command signal 60 is a command signal peak 60a, the valley is a command signal valley 60b, the peak of the feedback signal 65 is a feedback signal peak 65a, and the valley is a feedback signal valley 65b.

Thus, the actuator 35 is controlled to have a substantially saw-tooth shape, and the plate-like member 31 that applies vibration to the actuator 35 follows this movement. As a result, the workpiece 18 is similar to the command signal 60 and the feedback signal 65. Make a move.
The vibration of the workpiece 18 is applied when the tool 13 is in contact with the workpiece 13, and the tool 13 is sent to the machining unit 11, whereby a waveform similar to the command signal 60 and the feedback signal 65 is drawn on the tool 13. Will be. The waveform in this case is a wave-like waveform similar to the command signal valley portion 60b and the feedback signal valley portion 65b on the back side with respect to the feed direction of the machining unit 11 with the command signal peak portion 60a and the feedback signal peak portion 65a. It becomes.
Actually, the wavy trajectory transferred to the workpiece 18 does not strictly trace the shape of the command signal 60 or the feedback signal 65 so that there is a deviation between the command signal 60 and the feedback signal 65.

  Since the tool 13 is attached to the shaft head 22 and is sent while being rotated by a rotating mechanism, the wavy waveform is drawn in a spiral shape in the shape of the work 18 and is controlled so that a plurality of peaks come per round as will be described later. The command signal peak 60a and the feedback signal peak 65a or the command signal valley 60b and the feedback signal valley 65b are drawn in a shape similar to the command signal peak 60a. When the command signal valley portion 60b of the wavy trajectory drawn in advance and the feedback signal 65 are referred to, the feedback signal peak portion 65a and the portion corresponding to the feedback signal valley portion 65b of the wavy waveform drawn in advance intersect, The continuous chips are surely cut.

Next, a mechanism in which continuous chips are divided by the wavy trajectory drawn during the machining will be described by observing the machining surface of one cutting part.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of cutting using vibration. Although the waveform in this case is different from the waveform of the embodiment, it can be controlled in this way, and for the sake of explanation, the sine waveform is easier to understand, and therefore, the sine waveform will be used for explanation.
In FIG. 6, the blade 40 corresponding to the tool 13 in FIG. 1 and the blade fixing body 13 a that fixes the tool 40 are brought into contact with the work surface 41 so as to cut the work surface 41 that is the cylindrical work surface of the workpiece 18. It is fixed to a rotating mechanism (not shown) and is provided so that it can be fed in the X direction. On the other hand, the workpiece 18 having the work surface 41 is fixed to a vibration mechanism (not shown) and is fixed so as to vibrate in the X2 direction. In addition, in FIG. 6, it represents so that the cutting tool 40 may cut the to-be-cut surface 41 of the workpiece | work 18 from an outer side so that it may represent easily as a figure.

  Since it has such a configuration, when the tool 40 is fed while rotating and the workpiece 18 having the work surface 41 is vibrated in the X direction, the workpiece 18 vibrates back and forth when attention is paid to the workpiece 18 and the tool 13. Since the blade fixing body 13a to which the blade 40 is fixed is fed at a constant speed, it can be said that a relative speed change occurs between the two. As a result, the portion of the work surface 41 that comes into contact with the blade 40 is cut, and the processing proceeds while the first-round machining line 45 and the second-round machining line 46 that are wavy trajectories are drawn.

  A work area 47 surrounded by a first-round machining line 45 and a second-round machining line 46 showing a wavy pattern on the machining surface 41 is formed by a first-round machining line 45 and a second-round machining line as shown in the figure. When 46 comes in contact with or intersects with each other, a portion where the chip thickness becomes 0 (hereinafter referred to as a chip thickness 0 part 48) is formed and divided, and as a result, the processing can proceed without generating continuous chips. Even if the chip thickness does not become 0, if the first-round machining line 45 and the second-round machining line 46 are close to each other and the thickness is close to 0, it may be divided by the weight of the chip, etc. The thickness need not be zero. However, since this minimum thickness varies depending on the processing conditions, it is necessary to adjust in the actual processing stage.

With respect to the wavy locus such as the first-round machining line 45 and the second-round machining line 46 drawn on the work surface 41, if the cutting direction of the cutting tool 40 is a valley side and the reverse direction is a mountain side, one round of the first-round machining line 45 The chip thickness 0 part 48 is made by the contact between the eye valley part 45 a and the second round peak part 46 b of the second round processing line 46. Of course, depending on the machining conditions, the first and second round machining lines 45 and 46 are in contact with each other at points other than the first and second round machining lines 45a and 46b. It is possible that the chip thickness 0 part 48 is made by intersecting the second-round machining lines 46.
On the other hand, if the first thickness machining line 45 and the second circumference machining line 46 do not contact or intersect with each other and the chip thickness 0 part 48 cannot be formed, the feed amount with respect to the amplitude of vibration is not appropriate. The processing region 47 is not divided, resulting in the generation of continuous chips.
FIG. 7, FIG. 8, FIG. 9, FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 show these more schematically, and these are schematic views showing vibration patterns.

FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a machining pattern capable of dividing continuous chips as the machining condition 1. FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a processing pattern in which continuous chips cannot be divided as the processing condition 2, FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a processing pattern in which continuous chips cannot be divided as the processing condition 3, and FIG. As a condition 4, a schematic diagram of a machining pattern capable of dividing continuous chips is shown. In FIG. 11, a schematic diagram of a machining pattern capable of dividing continuous chips as a machining condition 5 is shown.
In each figure, the end portion 50 is a line representing the workpiece end, the first-round machining line 45 is a trajectory through which the cutter 40 passes on the first round, and the second-round machining line 46 passes on the second round. The processed region 47 is a region surrounded by the first-round machining line 45 and the second-round machining line 46. In addition, in all of FIGS. 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, 2π is represented as one round of the outer circumference, the horizontal axis is the circumference of the work surface 41 that is a cylindrical machining surface, and the vertical axis is Represents machining distance.
The rotational speed of the blade 40 is expressed as a rotational frequency nHz for comparison with the frequency of the workpiece 18. For example, the rotational speed of the blade 40 is 600 r. p. m. Then, the rotation frequency n of the blade 40 is 10 Hz.

When the vibration f of the work surface 41 is 2.5 times the rotational frequency n of the cutting tool 40, as shown in FIG. .5 waves will be drawn. Similarly, the second-round processed line 46, which is the second-round processed line, is also drawn with 2.5 waves. Since one round is 2.5 wavelengths, the waves of the first-round machining line 45 and the second-round machining line 46 are shifted by a half wavelength. Further, the distance to be machined per circumference of the tool 13 is defined as a feed amount V, which is twice the amplitude S of the workpiece 18. That is, the relationship of feed amount V: amplitude S = 2: 1 is established. As a result, the first-round valley portion 45a of the first-round machining line 45 and the second-round peak portion 46b of the second-round machining line 46 are just in contact with each other, and a chip thickness 0 portion 48 is created. This is also shown in FIG.
The cutter 40 passes through the first-round machining line 45, and the machining is finished, and the workpiece 18 is actually cut from the workpiece 18 from the machining start of the second-round machining line 46 to the machining end. is there. This work area 47 is surrounded by a first-round machining line 45 and a second-round machining line 46, and is divided into three in FIG. This means that it is possible to perform processing without becoming continuous chips.

On the other hand, under the machining condition 2 shown in FIG. 8, the first-round machining line 45 drawn on the work surface 41 is two waves per outer circumference. Similarly, the second round processing line 46 is also drawn with two waves per round of the outer circumference. The feed condition is the same as the machining condition 1, and the feed amount V: the amplitude S = 2: 1.
Under these conditions, the first-round machining line 45 and the second-round machining line 46 drawn by machining on the work surface 41 are the first-round peak 45b and the second round of the first-round machining line 45, respectively. Since it will start from the second round peak portion 46b of the machining line 46, the phase of the first round machining line 45 and the second round machining line 46 are aligned as shown in FIG. The chip thickness 0 part 48 cannot be formed, and the region 47 to be processed is continuous. Therefore, continuous chips are generated. Thus, when the frequency f of the workpiece 18 is in the vicinity of an even multiple of the rotational frequency n of the blade 40, continuous chips cannot be divided. In other words, under the condition where the first work line 45 and the second work line 46 do not intersect or come into contact with each other and the work area 47 continues, the chip thickness 0 part 48 cannot be formed, and the continuous chips cannot be divided.

Further, in the machining condition 3 shown in FIG. 9, the first-round machining line 45 and the second-round machining line 46 drawn per round are 2.5 wavelengths as in the machining condition 1, but the feed amount is not appropriate. Therefore, the chip thickness 0 part 48 cannot be formed, and continuous chips cannot be divided. In the machining condition 3, the feed condition of the blade 40 has a relationship of feed amount V: amplitude S = 4: 1, and the feed amount V is larger than the amplitude S. Accordingly, the first-round machining line 45 and the second-round machining line 46 do not intersect. That is, continuous chips cannot be divided.
Also in FIG. 9, since the first-round machining line 45 and the second-round machining line 46 do not intersect or contact each other as in FIG. 8, the machining region 47 becomes a continuous machining condition, and the chip thickness 0 part 48 cannot be formed. Cannot be divided.

Further, in the machining condition 4 shown in FIG. 10, the first-round machining line 45 and the second-round machining line 46 drawn per round on the work surface 41 are 2.25 wavelengths, and the feed condition is the feed amount. V: Amplitude S = 1.4: 1.
Further, in the machining condition 5 shown in FIG. 11, the first-round machining line 45 and the second-round machining line 46 drawn per round on the work surface 41 are 2.5 wavelengths, and the feed amount is the feed amount. V: Amplitude S = 1: 1. In such a state as shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 drawn under the processing conditions 4 and 5, the chip thickness 0 part 48 other than the first round valley part 45a and the second round peak part 46b is The process area 47 is divided and continuous chips can be divided.

As described above, in FIGS. 6 to 11, the outer surface cutting is described as a model. However, in the multi-axis boring machine 10 of the present embodiment, the continuous chip is also removed by the same principle when performing inner surface cutting. Can be divided. In the drilling process, no wavy trajectory is formed. However, there is a regular gap between the drill and the workpiece due to the longitudinal vibration, so that the cutting oil can be divided and the cutting oil supplied to the cutting edge of the drill. Therefore, it can be expected to reduce the friction of the drill and the cooling effect.
Moreover, it is possible to grasp the processing conditions that can sever continuous chips by displaying the processing conditions in a waveform like the processing conditions 1 to 5 shown in FIG. 7 to FIG. It is also shown that the machining conditions capable of dividing these continuous chips can be controlled by the frequency of the workpiece 18 and the rotational speed of the blade 40. It also shows that it can be controlled by the relationship between the feed amount and the amplitude.

Specifically, the inner surface of the workpiece 18 is machined by the rotating tool 13 provided in the machining unit 11 while applying vibration to the workpiece 18 fixed to the workpiece fixing unit 21 by the actuator 35. At this time, the actuator 35 that applies vibration to the workpiece 18 can be controlled with respect to the number of vibrations from the waveform output machine 39 connected to the valve control amplifier 37, and the waveform output machine 39 also captures the rotation speed of the machining unit 11. Therefore, the machining state can be judged visually by the waveform. Specifically, by displaying waveforms as shown in FIG. 7 to FIG. 11 and showing waveforms corresponding to the first-round machining line 45 and the second-round machining line 46, the work area 47 is continuous. It is possible to determine whether the machining condition is a discontinuous machining condition.
As described above, the continuous chip can be divided by controlling the vibration frequency of the workpiece 18 in accordance with the rotation speed of the blade 40. Therefore, the waveform output device 39 is monitored, and the vibration of the actuator 35 is monitored. By controlling the number and the amplitude S, continuous chips can be reliably divided.

As described above, according to the cutting apparatus and method of the present invention, the following excellent effects can be obtained.
(1) There is a blade 40 for machining the workpiece 18, and the blade 40 is fixed to the blade fixing body 13a so that at least one of the workpiece 18 and the blade fixing body 13a approaches the other by the linear motion mechanism. The workpiece 18 or the blade fixing body 13a is rotated about a rotation axis that is parallel to the feed direction by the rotation mechanism, so that the work surface 41 having the rotation axis as the center axis is rotated by the rotation mechanism. In the cutting method for forming the workpiece 18, the cutting speed of the blade 40 with respect to the work surface 41 of the workpiece 18 is changed by changing the relative speed between the workpiece 18 and the blade fixing body 13 a. The workpiece 18 is machined while drawing 46 and the like, the rotation frequency obtained from the rotation speed of the rotation mechanism is nHz, and the frequency of the first-round machining line 45 or the second-round machining line 46 is set. Assuming fHz, f is not in the vicinity of an integer multiple of n, but the feed amount around the cylindrical machining surface with respect to the workpiece 18 of the blade fixing body 13a is the first-round machining line 45 or the second-round machining line 46, etc. Since it is characterized in that continuous chips generated by machining are divided by being less than twice the amplitude, a wavy locus such as the first-round machining line 45 and the second-round machining line 46 drawn on the work surface 41 When the cutting direction of the cutting tool 40 is the valley side and the reverse direction is the mountain side, the first-round valley portion 45a of the first-round machining line 45 and the second-round peak portion 46b of the second-round machining line 46 are in contact with each other. Thus, the chip thickness 0 part 48 is formed, and in the outer surface cutting process, in particular, the inner surface cutting process, the chip is surely divided into short pieces when generated.

As a result, it is possible to improve the chip discharge performance, to prevent the machined surface from being damaged by tangling the chip 13 with the tool 13 and the like, and to prevent the apparatus from being damaged. In addition, although the initial cost is incurred when the work fixing unit 21 is produced, an expensive blade 40 is not necessary, and friction reduction, cooling, and the like can be expected, so that the effect of extending the life of the blade 40 can be expected. In addition, chips can be easily discharged, and if they are reliably discharged, the machining surface is roughened by chips, and there is no risk of machine failure due to chips, resulting in cost reduction. .
(1) There is a blade 40 for processing the workpiece 18, the blade 40 is fixed to the blade fixing body 13a, and the blade fixing body 13a is fed so as to approach the other by a linear motion mechanism, and the blade fixing body 13a is A plate-like member 31 that fixes the workpiece 18 in a cutting apparatus that forms a work surface 41 having the rotation axis as a central axis on the workpiece 18 by being rotated about a rotation axis that is parallel to the feed direction by the rotation mechanism. And an actuator 35 that vibrates the plate-like member 31 in the plate thickness direction, and a jig equalizer 15 that fixes the plate-like member 31. The actuator 35 vibrates with a maximum amplitude at a predetermined position of the plate-like member 31. The workpiece fixing unit 21 is adjusted to adjust the amplitude and the frequency, and the workpiece 18 is vibrated by vibrating the plate-like member 31, and the blade fixing body 13a is rotated by a rotating mechanism. It is characterized by having a control device that processes the workpiece 18 while drawing a wavy trajectory with respect to the work surface 41 of the workpiece 18 by turning and sending it to the workpiece fixing unit 21 side by a linear motion mechanism. An excellent effect is obtained in that the elastic force of the plate-like member 31 is used to vibrate the workpiece 18 with a small force, and the continuous chip can be reliably divided by drawing a wavy locus on the work surface 41 of the workpiece 18. Play.

Further, by applying vibration, the cutting resistance between the work surface 41 and the blade 40 is reduced, and the cutting surface 40 can be smoothly fed to finish the machined surface more smoothly.
Furthermore, since there is no need to add a vibration mechanism to the blade fixing body 13a for fixing the blade 40, there is a great merit when the number of axes is large and the distance between the shafts can hardly be obtained as in the multi-axis boring processing. If it is necessary to provide a vibration mechanism on the blade fixing body 13a side, it is necessary to provide a vibration mechanism for each blade 40 or to add a vibration mechanism to the feed mechanism of the shaft head 22, which is a set of the blade fixing bodies 13a. . In the case where a vibration mechanism is provided for each of the former blades 40, it is easily expected that even a compact vibration mechanism will be considerably restricted due to the restriction between the axes, and the entire feed mechanism of the latter shaft head 22 is expected. Such a vibration mechanism that vibrates the material has a demerit that a large vibration mechanism is required because a considerable mass needs to be vibrated at a high cycle. Therefore, these problems are solved by vibrating the workpiece 18 side.

(2) In the cutting apparatus described in (1), a hole 32 for reducing the rigidity of the plate member 31 is formed in the center of the plate member 31, and the upper end of the plate member 31 is cured. Since the rigidity of the plate member 31 can be adjusted by the size of the hole 32 and the rigidity is adjusted for the shape of the plate member 31, it is adjusted once. If it performs, it will become possible to use for the workpiece of the same shape, without adjusting, and a merit is high for mass production. Furthermore, since the simple method of adjusting the rigidity of the plate-like member 31 with the hole 32 is taken, there is also an advantage that the initial cost can be reduced.
Furthermore, since the upper end portion of the plate-like member 31 is fixed and the lower end portion is restricted in the vibration direction, the plate-like member 31 can vibrate back and forth around a portion to which vibration is applied.
In addition, when the front and back surfaces of the workpiece 18 are simultaneously processed due to the presence of the hole 32 in the plate-shaped member 31, the processing unit 11 on one side is moved to the front side by a processing machine having the processing units 11 on both sides. Since the processing unit 11 on one side can process the back side through the hole 32, it is effective in shortening the lead time in the case of mass production.

(3) In the cutting apparatus described in (1) or (2), the workpiece fixing unit 21 is fixed to the base 20 so that the plate-like member 31 is perpendicular to the feed direction of the blade fixing body 13a. Since the upper end portion of the member 31 is fixed to the jig scale 15 and the lower end portion of the plate-like member 31 is restricted with respect to the direction in which the vibration is applied, the plate-like member 31 vibrates. It can vibrate back and forth around the part to be added, and can be regulated with a simple structure, so there is an advantage in that extra work can be saved at the time of setup change and the workpiece can be replaced quickly. Especially when mass production is premised, shortening the lead time has great advantages.

(4) In the cutting apparatus described in any one of (1) to (3), when the rotation frequency obtained from the rotation speed of the rotation mechanism is nHz and the vibration frequency of the wavy locus is fHz, f is The amount of feed around the work surface 41 with respect to the workpiece 18 of the blade fixing body 13a, not near the integer multiple of n, is not more than twice the amplitude of the wavy trajectory, so that continuous chips generated by machining are divided. Therefore, with respect to the wavy trajectory drawn on the work surface 41, if the cutting direction of the cutting tool 40 is a trough side and the reverse direction is a crest side, the first round machining line 45 or the first round trough 45a and 2 When the second crest portion 46b of the circumferential machining line 46 comes into contact with or intersects with each other, a chip thickness of 0 part 48 is formed, and in the external surface cutting process, particularly in the internal surface cutting process, the chip is surely cut short when it is generated. Improve the emission of Preventing the damaging the processed surface by such continuous chips are involved in ingredients 13 demonstrates an excellent effect of also eliminated things like lead to damage to the device. In addition, since it is not necessary to use a special blade, even if the initial cost is required, the cost can be lowered as a result when a large number of workpieces are produced.

(5) Using the cutting apparatus described in any one of (1) to (4), the cutting tool 40 processes the workpiece while drawing a wavy locus on the cutting surface 41 of the workpiece 18. Since it is a feature, it is possible to vibrate the workpiece 18 with a small force by using the elastic force of the plate-like member 31 and draw a wavy trajectory on the work surface 41 of the workpiece 18 to reliably divide continuous chips. There is an excellent effect.

As mentioned above, although the embodiment in the cutting device and method of the present invention has been exemplified, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and it is not prevented from being modified without departing from the scope of the invention.
For example, the processing conditions for vibration and amplitude are shown as patterns in FIGS. 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, respectively. However, there are other patterns that can cut chips, so other processing conditions can be set. Does not prevent adoption. The shape of the wavy trajectory may be a sawtooth trajectory instead of a sine waveform.
In the embodiments, the method of the present invention is applied to multi-axis boring, but is not limited to multi-axis boring, and does not prevent application in general cutting.

The outline of the multi-axis boring machine 10 of a present Example is shown with the perspective view. The outline of the workpiece fixing unit 21 of the present embodiment is shown in a perspective view. The side view of the workpiece | work fixing unit 21 of a present Example is shown, and the motion of the plate-shaped member 31 is shown. It is a block diagram of the system connected to the actuator 35 of a present Example. It is the graph showing the relationship between elapsed time and an amplitude about the command signal and feedback signal of a present Example. It is a schematic diagram of the cutting using a vibration of a present Example. As a processing condition 1 of the present embodiment, a schematic diagram of a processing pattern capable of dividing continuous chips is shown. As processing condition 2 of the present embodiment, a schematic diagram of a processing pattern in which continuous chips cannot be divided is shown. As processing condition 3 of the present embodiment, a schematic diagram of a processing pattern in which continuous chips cannot be divided is shown. The processing pattern 4 of a present Example shows the schematic diagram of the processing pattern which can sever a continuous chip. The processing pattern 5 of a present Example shows the schematic diagram of the processing pattern which can sever a continuous chip. The shape of the chip breaker of patent document 1 is shown. It is the figure which showed the structure of the cutting device of the chip of patent document 2. FIG. The internal structure of the suction inlet of patent document 2 is shown. A side view of a vise of Patent Document 3 is shown. The front part of the movable body 203 of patent document 3 is shown. The cross section of the vibration cutting apparatus of patent document 4 is shown. The vibration waveform to which a cutting edge is given in the cutting method of a vibration tool of patent documents 5 is shown. The embodiment of the cutting method of a vibration tool of patent documents 5 is shown.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Multi-axis boring machine 11 Processing unit 13 Tool 15 Jig | scalpel scale 16 Motor | power_engine 17 Pump unit 18 Workpiece | work 20 Base 21 Workpiece fixing unit 22 Shaft head 23 Processing unit motor | power_engine 31 Plate-shaped member 32 Drill hole 33 Guide 34a Work clamp 34b Base metal 35 Actuator 35a Hydraulic cylinder 35b Servo valve 36 Hydraulic pump 37 Valve control amplifier 38 Position sensor amplifier 39 Waveform output machine 40 Cutting tool 41 Work surface 45 First round processing line 46 Second round processing line 47 Processing area 50 End 60 Command signal 60a Command signal peak 60b Command signal valley 65 Feedback signal 65a Feedback signal peak 65b Feedback signal valley

Claims (5)

There is a blade for machining a workpiece, the blade is fixed to a blade fixing body, the blade fixing body is fed so as to approach the other by a linear motion mechanism, and the blade fixing body is fed by a rotation mechanism. In a cutting apparatus that forms a cylindrical machining surface with the rotation axis as a central axis on the workpiece by being rotated around a rotation axis that is parallel to the direction,
A plate-like member that fixes the workpiece; a vibration actuator that vibrates the plate-like member in a plate thickness direction; and a plate-like member fixing jig that fixes the plate-like member. A workpiece fixing unit that vibrates with a maximum amplitude at a predetermined position of the plate-like member and adjusts the amplitude and the frequency,
The workpiece is vibrated by vibrating the plate-like member, the blade fixing body is rotated by the rotating mechanism, and is sent to the workpiece fixing unit by the linear motion mechanism, so that the cutter is moved to the workpiece fixing unit. A cutting device comprising a control device for processing the workpiece while drawing a wavy locus on the cylindrical processing surface of the workpiece. The cutting apparatus according to claim 1,
In the center of the plate member, a hole is formed to reduce the rigidity of the plate member,
An upper end portion of the plate member is fixed to the plate member fixing jig. In the cutting device according to claim 1 or 2,
The workpiece fixing unit is fixed to the base so that the plate-like member is perpendicular to the feed direction of the blade fixing body,
The upper end of the plate member is fixed to the plate member fixing jig,
The cutting apparatus characterized by the lower end part of the said plate-shaped member being controlled with respect to the direction where the said vibration is added. In the cutting device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
When the rotation frequency obtained from the rotation speed of the rotation mechanism is nHz and the vibration frequency of the wavy locus is fHz, f is not in the vicinity of an integer multiple of n,
The cutting amount of the cutting tool fixed body with respect to the workpiece to be cut around the cylindrical machining surface is not more than twice the amplitude of the wavy trajectory, thereby dividing continuous chips generated by machining. Cutting device to do. Using the cutting device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
A cutting method characterized in that the workpiece is machined while drawing a wavy locus with respect to the cylindrical machining surface of the workpiece.

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