JP2006283275A - Pneumatic caisson and method of settling caisson skeleton - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pneumatic caisson which can eliminate wasteful portion of a caisson skeleton after construction thereof, to thereby save on construction costs of the caisson skeleton. <P>SOLUTION: The caisson skeleton 2 is constructed of: a skeleton 3 having cutting edges 4 and an inside work room 5 of the caisson; a skeleton 3' constructed on the skeleton 3 in one body; and a top slab 10 having material lock guiding openings 11 and a man shaft guiding opening 12, and integrally formed on the skeleton 3'. Then a material shaft 13 which has a material lock 14 on an upper portion thereof, is mounted in each material lock guiding opening 11, and a man shaft 18 which has a lifting facility 19 inside thereof and a hatch 20 via which the operator enters/leaves in an upper portion thereof, is mounted in the man shaft guiding opening 12. A control room 21 is constructed over the hatch 20 which is formed on the top slab 10, and an entrance 23 having an air-pressure door 24 is formed in the control room 21. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a relatively shallow pneumatic caisson suitable for sinking a caisson enclosure to a predetermined depth and used for a reservoir, an underpass, and the like, and a subsidence construction method good for excavating the caisson enclosure.

  Conventionally, as this type of technology, for example, there are technologies shown in FIGS.

  The conventional pneumatic caisson 33 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 includes a first casing 34, a second casing 40, a third casing 41, a top plate 43, and the like.

  The first housing 34 has a blade opening 36, a work chamber slab 35, and a work chamber 37 formed by being surrounded by the blade openings 36 and the work chamber slab 35.

  The work chamber slab 35 is provided with a material lock opening 38 and a manlock opening 39.

  The second casing 40 is constructed on the upper part of the working chamber slab 35.

  The third housing 41 is constructed so as to overlap the upper portion of the second housing 40.

  The interiors of the second and third housings 40 and 41 are partitioned by a partition wall 42 formed to extend from the upper surface of the work chamber slab 35 to the upper surface of the third housing 41.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the top plate 43 is constructed over the third casing 41 and the upper part of the partition wall 42. The top plate 43 is provided with a material lock opening 44 and a manlock opening 45.

  A material shaft 46 is attached to the material lock opening 38 provided in the work chamber slab 35. When the top plate 43 is constructed, the material shaft 46 is connected to a length extending through the material locking opening 44 provided in the top plate 43 and extending to the top of the top plate 43 as shown in FIG. Is done. A material lock 47 having a lower hatch 48, an upper hatch 49, and a handrail 50 is connected to the upper portion of the material shaft 46.

  On the other hand, a man shaft 51 is attached to a man-lock opening 39 provided in the working chamber slab 35. At the stage where the top plate 43 is constructed, the man shaft 51 is also connected to a length extending to the top of the top plate 43 through a manlock opening 45 provided in the top plate 43 as shown in FIG. . A manlock 52 is connected to the upper portion of the man shaft 51.

  An excavator 53 is disposed in the work chamber 37, and a sand bucket 54 is put in via a wire rope 55.

  When the caisson housing of the conventional pneumatic caisson 33 is used as a reservoir or the like, the construction is performed as follows.

  First, a support frame, a formwork, a reinforcing bar, etc. are assembled on the ground G where the caisson frame is to be submerged, and a frame 34 and a work room slab 35 are constructed. After the construction, the support work, the formwork, etc. are dismantled and removed from the working room 37.

  At the time of construction, a material lock opening 38 and a manlock opening 39 are provided in the working chamber slab 35.

  Next, a material shaft 46 is attached to the material lock opening 38, and a material lock 47 having a lower hatch 48, an upper hatch 49, and a handrail 50 is connected to the upper portion of the material shaft 46. Further, a man shaft 51 is attached to the manlock opening 39, and a man lock 52 is connected to the upper portion of the man shaft 51.

  In the working chamber 37, an excavator 53 is disposed, and the earth and sand bucket 54 is introduced in a timely manner.

  Next, the excavator 53 excavates the ground G at the bottom of the working chamber 37, loads the excavated earth and sand into the earth and sand bucket 54, and passes the earth and sand bucket 54 from the working room 37 through the material rope 46 and the material lock 47 through the wire rope 55. Take it out of the caisson enclosure and dump it.

  In this way, the ground G at the bottom of the working chamber 37 is excavated, and the first casing 34 is sunk to a depth substantially equal to the depth (H1 + H2).

  Next, the second casing 40 and the partition wall 42 are constructed on the upper portion of the working chamber slab 35. Subsequently, the ground G is excavated again, and is submerged to a depth substantially equal to the depth H3 of the second casing 40.

  Furthermore, the third casing 41 is constructed on the upper part of the second casing 40. Then, the ground G is excavated again, and the third casing 41 is sunk to a depth substantially equal to the depth H4.

  Furthermore, a top plate 43 is constructed over the third casing 41 and the upper portion of the partition wall 42, and a material lock opening 44 and a manlock opening 45 are provided in the top plate 43.

  Before the top plate 43 is constructed, the material lock 47 and the manlock 52 are connected to the shaft 46 and the shaft 51 and installed above the top plate 43.

  Next, the ground G is excavated again, and the top plate 43 is sunk to a depth substantially equal to its thickness H5.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the caisson housing is subsidized by a predetermined depth H by the above-described subsidence excavation work.

  After completion of the caisson housing settlement, the filling concrete 56 is placed in the working chamber 37, as shown in FIG.

  Further, the material lock 47, the material shaft 46, the man lock 52, the man shaft 51 and the like are removed.

  Thus, when the caisson housing submerged is used as a reservoir, the water is stored in a space formed in the second and third housings 40 and 41.

  By the way, in the conventional pneumatic caisson 33, a work chamber 37 is formed in the first housing 34. After completion of the caisson housing subsidence excavation work, the filling concrete 56 is placed and embedded in the work chamber 37.

  Therefore, after completion of the caisson housing settlement excavation, the work chamber 37 is useless, and the construction cost of the caisson housing is increased accordingly.

  Moreover, when the caisson housing depth H is about 10 to 15 m, which is a shallow pneumatic caisson 33, the normal working chamber 37 has a depth H1 of 2.0 to 2.3 m. In the prior art, since a depth substantially equivalent to the depth H1 of the working chamber 37 is dug, the construction cost increases accordingly.

  Further, in the prior art, the work of constructing and excavating the caisson housing one lot at a time is alternately performed. As a result, the construction period is long, and the installation period of the outfitting equipment, the pressure adjusting device, etc. becomes long, which causes an increase in cost.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a pneumatic caisson that can eliminate a wasteful part after the construction of the caisson housing and reduce the construction cost of the caisson housing. is there.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a caisson housing subsidence construction method capable of improving the efficiency of caisson housing subsidence excavation work and reducing costs.

  Furthermore, another object of the present invention is to provide a caisson housing subsidence construction method that can safely perform caisson housing subsidence work even on soft ground.

  In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the housing 3 having the blade edge 4 and the caisson housing working chamber 5, the material lock opening 11 and the man shaft opening 12 are provided. The caisson housing 2 is constructed with the top plate 10 integrally formed above the housing 3, and the material shaft 13 having the material lock 14 is attached to the material lock opening 11. A man shaft 18 having a lifting / lowering equipment 19 inside and a hatch 20 for entering / leaving a worker is attached to the opening 12 for the shaft, and a management room 21 is constructed above the hatch 20 on the top plate 10. The management room 21 is provided with an entrance / exit 23 having a pressure door 24.

  In order to achieve the above object, in the second aspect of the present invention, a manlock 20 'is provided on the upper portion of the man shaft 18 in place of the management room.

  In order to achieve the above object, according to a third aspect of the present invention, the pneumatic caisson 1 according to the first or second aspect is constructed on the ground G on which the caisson skeleton is to be submerged. After the caisson housing 2 is submerged to a predetermined depth H ′, the caisson housing 2 is submerged to a predetermined depth H ′, and then the blade edge of the housing 3 in the caisson housing 2 is set. The bottom plate 31 is constructed in the portion 4.

  Further, in order to achieve the above object, in the invention according to claim 4 of the present invention, when the caisson housing 2 is subsidence excavated, if the subsidence resistance is small, the subsidence adjusting means is provided at least in the portion of the blade edge 4 of the housing 3. When the attachment and settlement resistance increases, the settlement adjustment means is removed.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the housing 3 having the blade edge 4 and the caisson housing working chamber 5, the material lock opening 11, and the man shaft opening 12 are provided, and integrated above the housing 3. The caisson housing 2 is constructed with the top plate 10 formed in the above. A material shaft 13 having a material lock 14 is attached to the material lock opening 11. The manshaft opening 12 has a lifting / lowering device 19 inside and a worker entrance / exit hatch in the upper part. A man shaft 18 having 20 is attached. Thus, the work chamber surrounded by the blade edge and the work chamber slab is removed. Therefore, according to the first aspect of the present invention, since there is no useless portion in the caisson housing 2, there is an effect that the construction cost of the caisson housing 2 can be reduced. In addition, since the management room can be used as a manlock when there is a management building in the future, the cost of the manlock becomes unnecessary and the cost can be reduced.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, when there is no management room or the like, a manlock 20 'is provided on the upper portion of the man shaft 18. Therefore, according to the present invention, since the caisson housing 2 is not wasted even when there is no management room or the like, there is an effect that the construction cost of the caisson housing 2 can be reduced.

  Further, in the invention described in claim 3, the pneumatic caisson 1 described in claim 1 or 2 is constructed on the ground G where the caisson chassis is to be submerged, and then the subsidence excavation work of the caisson chassis 2 in the pneumatic caisson 1 is performed. The operation is continuously performed until a predetermined depth H ′ is reached. As a result, the excavation of the depth of the working chamber surrounded by the conventional cutting edge and the working chamber slab is no longer necessary, and the subsidence excavation is continuously performed at a depth substantially equal to the depth H ′ of the caisson housing 2. Therefore, it is possible to increase the work efficiency, shorten the construction period, and shorten the installation period of the equipment and pressure boosting / depressurizing device, so that the construction cost can be greatly reduced.

  Furthermore, according to the invention of claim 4 of the present invention, when the caisson housing 2 is subsidence excavated, when the subsidence resistance is small, the subsidence adjusting means is attached to at least the portion of the blade edge 4 of the housing 3 to reduce the subsidence resistance. Since the subsidence adjusting means is removed when it becomes larger, the present invention also has an effect that the subsidence excavation work of the caisson housing 2 can be performed safely.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  1 to 4 show a first embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 1 is a longitudinal side view, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional plan view taken along line AA of FIG. 1, and FIG. In the pneumatic caisson, a longitudinal side view showing a process of sinking and excavating the caisson housing, FIG. 4 is a longitudinal side view of a state where the caisson housing is completed for use in a reservoir or the like.

  The pneumatic caisson 1 in the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 includes a housing 3 constructed below, a housing 3 ′ constructed integrally thereabove, a top plate 10, and a management room. 21 etc. are comprised. The casing 3, 3 'and the top plate 10 constitute a rectangular caisson casing 2 as viewed from above. It is also possible to construct the housing 3 to be constructed first for a long time from the beginning to the housing 3 '.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the housing 3 is provided with a blade edge 4, a caisson housing working chamber 5, a partition wall 6 provided at a required interval, and between each partition wall 6 and the ground G. The excavator passage 7 is formed.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a partition wall 9 joined to a partition wall 6 provided in the lower housing 3 is formed in the housing 3 ′ constructed above the housing 3 ′.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the top plate 10 is provided with two material lock openings 11 and one manshaft opening 12. As shown in FIG. 2, these openings are provided in a zigzag shape when viewed from above.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a material shaft 13 is attached to each material lock opening 11. A material lock 14 including a lower hatch 15, an upper hatch 16, and a handrail 17 is connected to the upper portion of each material shaft 13.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a man shaft 18 having a stair as an elevating equipment 19 is attached to the man shaft opening 12. A one-type hatch 20 is connected to the upper portion of the man shaft 18. The man shaft 18 below the slab 10 may be a guide for raising and lowering a person and may have a handrail structure. The material shaft 13 is a guide of the bucket 26 downward from the slab 10, and may be manufactured in a lattice shape with a reinforcing bar or an angle. Further, a ladder or the like that is detachable from the lower end of the man shaft 18 to the ground is used.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the one-type hatch 20 is installed on the top plate 10 below the management room 21, and can enter and exit the one-type hatch 20 through the management room 22. Yes. The management room 21 is provided with an entrance 23. A pneumatic door 24 is attached to the entrance 23.

  A pressure increasing / decreasing device (not shown) is provided over the inside of the caisson housing 2 and the inside of the management room 22. This pressurizing and depressurizing device can be controlled from the outside of the caisson housing 2.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, an excavator 25 is disposed in the caisson housing working chamber 5. The excavator 25 travels freely on the ground G and excavates the ground G.

  In addition, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, earth and sand bucket 26 is put into caisson housing working chamber 5 via wire rope 27. The earth and sand bucket 26 is configured to load excavated earth and sand and carry it out of the caisson housing 2 through the material shaft 13 and the material lock 14.

By the way, in the pneumatic caisson 1 of the first embodiment, when the depth of the caisson housing 2 is H ′, the depth H ′ of the caisson housing 2 is the same as that of the conventional pneumatic caisson 33 shown in FIG. The relationship shown in the following equation 1 is formed with respect to the depth H of the caisson housing.
[Equation 1]
H '≒ H-H1
Here, H1 indicates the depth of the working chamber 37.

  That is, in the first embodiment, in a state where the work chamber surrounded by the work chamber slab and the blade edge in the conventional pneumatic caisson 33 is completed so that the caisson housing can be used as a reservoir or the like, an unnecessary portion is obtained. It is considered to be removed. As a result, the construction cost of the caisson housing 2 can be reduced.

  Next, in relation to the action of the pneumatic caisson 1, an example of a method for subsidence construction of the caisson housing of the present invention will be described.

  First, when the ground G on which the caisson housing 2 is to be built is soft, the ground G at a position where it hits the lower part of the blade 4 or the lower part of the partition wall 6 is improved in advance with an appropriate width and depth. The improved ground is denoted by reference numeral 28 in FIG.

  Moreover, since the contact area with the ground G is narrow in the portion of the blade edge 4, as shown in FIG. 3, a settlement adjustment material 29 is provided as a settlement adjustment means at a position corresponding to the lower portion of the blade edge 4.

  Furthermore, the sanddle 30 is assembled discontinuously at a position corresponding to the lower part of the partition wall 6 so that the excavator 25 can pass and travel, and the ground contact area is widened. A support work may be installed in place of the sanddle 30.

  Next, the housing 3 is constructed. Simultaneously with the construction of the housing 3, the blade 4, the caisson housing working chamber 5 and the partition wall 6 are formed. In forming each partition wall 6, it forms in the length which can ensure the passage 7 for excavators in the lower part.

  Next, a housing 3 ′ is constructed on the top of the housing 3. In constructing the housing 3 ′, the partition wall 9 is formed by joining to each partition wall 6 in the lower housing 3.

  Further, at the same time as the top plate 10 is constructed on the upper portion of the housing 3 ′, two material lock openings 11 and one manshaft opening 12 are formed in the top plate 10 in this embodiment.

  The caisson housing 2 is completed by sequentially constructing the lower housing 3, the housing 3 ′ constructed above, and the top plate 10.

  Next, the management room 21 is constructed on the top plate 10 and the man shaft opening 12 is constructed in the management room 21. In this management room 21, a management room 22 and an entrance 23 are formed.

  Next, a material shaft 13 is attached to each material lock opening 11. Further, a material lock 14 having a lower hatch 15, an upper hatch 16, and a handrail 17 is connected to the upper portion of each material shaft 13.

  In addition, a man shaft 18 having an elevating equipment 19 is attached to the man shaft opening 12. A one-type hatch 20 is connected to the upper portion of the man shaft 18.

  Further, a pressure door 24 is attached to the entrance / exit 23 of the management room 21.

  Furthermore, a pressure increasing / decreasing device (not shown) is attached across the inside of the caisson housing 2 and the inside of the management room 22 to complete the pneumatic caisson 1.

  Next, the excavator 25 divided into the caisson housing work chamber 5 is loaded. Then assemble the excavator. Prior to excavation of the ground G by the excavator 25, compressed air is sent into the caisson housing 2 and pressurized. From this point of time, excavation of the ground G at the bottom of the caisson enclosure working chamber 5 by the excavator 25 is started.

  The excavated earth and sand are loaded into the earth and sand bucket 26 by the excavator 25, the earth and sand bucket 26 is lifted by a crane (not shown) via the wire rope 27, and outside the caisson housing 2 via the material shaft 13 and the material lock 14. Remove and dump.

  In this way, the ground G at the bottom of the caisson housing working chamber 5 is excavated to sink the caisson housing 2.

  When the settlement resistance increases, the sanddle 30 is removed or the settlement adjustment material 29 is removed to reduce the settlement resistance.

  When an operator gets down to the caisson enclosure work room 5 to operate, inspect or repair the excavator 25 in the caisson enclosure work room 5, or to remove the sanddle 30 or the settlement adjustment material 29, etc. To do.

  First, the pressure door 24 at the entrance / exit 23 of the management room 21 is opened, and an operator enters the management room 22 and closes the pressure door 24. After the worker enters the room, the pressure in the management room 22 is increased to the pressure in the caisson housing work room 5.

  Next, the worker opens the one-type hatch 20, passes through the lifting equipment 19 in the man shaft 18, and uses a ladder (not shown) spanned between the lower portion of the man shaft 18 and the ground G to work in the caisson enclosure. Go down to room 5 and do the necessary work. When a worker goes out of the work room 5 to the ground, the elevator 18 of the shaft 18 is used to pass through the one-type hatch 20, the one-type hatch 20 is closed, the inside of the management chamber 22 is decompressed, and the pressure door 24 is opened to the outside. Get out. The above-described settlement excavation work is continuously performed until the caisson housing 2 sinks to a predetermined depth H ′.

  The above-described settlement excavation work is continuously performed until the caisson housing 2 sinks to a predetermined depth H ′.

  After the caisson housing 2 is sunk to a predetermined depth H ′, the excavator 25 and the earth and sand bucket 26 are removed from the caisson housing working chamber 5 to the outside of the caisson housing 2.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 4, a bottom plate 31 is constructed at a portion of the blade 4 of the casing 3 in the caisson casing 2.

  After constructing the bottom plate 31, the air is cut off. Next, the material lock 14, the material shaft 13, the one-type hatch 20, the man shaft 18 and the like are removed.

  Thus, the work for sinking the caisson housing 2 of the pneumatic caisson 1 to a predetermined depth H ′ and using it as a reservoir or the like is completed.

  As can be understood from the above description, in the first embodiment, the work chamber surrounded by the work chamber slab and the blade edge in the conventional pneumatic caisson is removed. As a result, it is possible to omit excessive digging substantially equivalent to the depth of the working chamber. Therefore, the construction period can be shortened and the cost can be reduced.

  In the first embodiment, a caisson housing 2 having a housing 3, a housing 3 'above and a top plate 10 is constructed on the ground G on which the caisson housing is to be submerged. The subsidence excavation work for sinking is continuously performed up to a predetermined depth H ′. Thereby, the subsidence excavation work of the caisson housing 2 can be efficiently performed. As a result, the usage period of various facilities can be shortened, so that the loss of use of the facilities can be kept low, the cost can be reduced, and the construction period can be shortened.

  Next, FIG. 5 is a longitudinal side view showing a second embodiment of the present invention.

  In the pneumatic caisson 1 of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 5, a manlock 20 'is connected to the upper portion of the manshaft 18 in place of the management room in the first embodiment.

  A pressure increasing / decreasing device (not shown) is connected to the manlock 20 '.

  In this second embodiment, when the worker enters the caisson enclosure working chamber 5 in the high atmospheric pressure state, first, he enters the atmospheric manlock 20 '. Next, the hatch of the manlock 20 ′ is closed, and the pressure inside the manlock 20 ′ is increased to the pressure of the caisson housing working chamber 5. After that, the hatch on the man shaft 18 side is opened, the man shaft 18 is entered, the lifting equipment 19 is used, and the caisson enclosure working room is crossed over a ladder (not shown) spanned between the man shaft 18 and the ground G. Go into 5 and work.

  On the contrary, when the worker goes out of the caisson housing work chamber 5 in the high-pressure state to the outside of the caisson housing 2, the pressure inside the manlock 20 'is pressurized to the pressure of the caisson housing work chamber 5, The ladder and the lifting / lowering equipment 19 are climbed from the inner work chamber 5, enter the manlock 20 ′ through the man shaft 18, close the hatch on the man shaft 18 side, and depressurize the manlock 20 ′ to the atmospheric pressure. Next, the hatch on the outer side of the manlock 20 ′ is opened, and it goes out of the caisson housing 2.

  According to the second embodiment, when there is no management room, the manlock 20 'is provided on the upper part of the man shaft 18, so that the construction of the caisson housing that does not require a structure such as the management room can be achieved. Shortening and cost savings can be achieved.

  The other configurations and operations of the second embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.

It is a vertical side view which shows the 1st Example of this invention. It is an AA line crossing top view of FIG. In the pneumatic caisson of the first embodiment, it is a longitudinal side view showing a process of sinking and excavating the caisson housing. In the pneumatic caisson of a 1st Example, it is a vertical side view of the state which completed the caisson housing so that it could be used for a reservoir. It is a vertical side view which shows the 2nd Example of this invention. In the conventional pneumatic caisson, it is a vertical side view which shows the process of subsidence excavation of a caisson frame. It is a vertical side view which shows the process of the subsidence excavation of the caisson frame following FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Pneumatic caisson 2 Caisson housing 3, 3 'housing 4 Cutting edge 5 Caisson housing work room 10 Top plate 11 Material lock opening 12 Manshaft opening 13 Material shaft 14 Material lock 18 Manshaft 20 One type hatch 21 Management room 23 Entrance / exit 24 Pressure door 25 Excavator 28 Improved ground 29 Subsidence adjusting material as subsidence adjusting means 30 Sandle 31 Bottom plate 20 'Manlock G Ground H' Caisson enclosure depth

Claims (4)

A housing (3) having a blade opening (4) and a caisson housing working chamber (5), a material lock opening (11), a manshaft opening (12), and the housing (3) The caisson housing (2) is constructed with the top plate (10) integrally formed above the
A material shaft (13) having a material lock (14) at the top is attached to the material lock opening (11), and the man shaft opening (12) has an elevating device (19) inside, and A man shaft (18) having a hatch (20) for entering and exiting the worker is attached to the upper part,
A management room (21) was constructed above the hatch (20) on the top plate (10), and an entrance (23) having a pressure door (24) was provided in the management room (21).
Pneumatic caisson characterized by that.   2. A pneumatic caisson according to claim 1, wherein a manlock (20 ') is provided on an upper portion of the man shaft (18) in place of the management room. A pneumatic caisson (1) according to claim 1 or 2 is constructed on the ground (G) where the caisson enclosure is to be subsidized,
Next, the subsidence excavation work of the caisson housing (2) in the pneumatic caisson (1) is continuously performed up to a predetermined depth (H ′).
After the caisson housing (2) is sunk to a predetermined depth (H ′), the bottom plate (31) is constructed in the portion of the blade (4) of the housing (3) in the caisson housing (2).
A caisson housing subsidence construction method characterized by that.   At the time of subsidence excavation of the caisson housing (2), if the subsidence resistance is small, a subsidence adjusting means is attached to at least the blade (4) part of the housing (3), and if the subsidence resistance increases, the subsidence adjustment 4. The caisson housing settlement method according to claim 3, wherein the means is removed.

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