JP2006272103A - Method and apparatus for pretreating garbage - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and an apparatus for pretreating garbage capable of recovering garbage attached to impurities in a shredding and separating apparatus and fermentable garbage having a low water content as a material for methane fermentation without increasing processed water and energy consumption. <P>SOLUTION: The method for pretreating garbage comprising pretreating garbage in a pretreatment process when garbage is solubilized in a solubilizing tank and then fed to a methane fermentation tank or an organism treatment tank for waste water treatment, wherein fermented sludge in the methane fermentation tank or an excess sludge in the organism treatment tank is fed to a shredding and separating apparatus 1 from a cleaning fluid feeding system 5 as a cleaning fluid when garbage is coarsely shredded and separated to the shredded garbage and impurities in the shredding and separating apparatus 1 in which the pretreatment process is performed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a garbage pretreatment method and apparatus, and relates to a garbage pretreatment technique in a garbage methane fermentation treatment facility, a sludge regeneration treatment center, and the like.

  Conventionally, in methane fermentation-related facilities where organic waste is treated with methane fermentation, organic waste such as crushed garbage is agitated in a storage tank (solubilization tank) and liquefied (slurried or pasted). After removing impurities contained in the organic waste that has become liquid, the organic waste is supplied to the methane fermentation tank.

In Patent Document 1, garbage is roughly crushed and separated by a centrifugal crushing and separating machine, and is separated into garbage crushed material and foreign matter, and the crushed food waste is solubilized in a solubilization process. The liquid component obtained by solid-liquid separation using a solid-liquid separator is used as a raw material for methane fermentation tanks, an organic carbon source for wastewater treatment, and a hydrogen donor, and the solid content is used as a raw material for recycling such as composting and feed.
JP 2002-336825 A

  By the way, in the past, raw garbage is roughly crushed and separated by a crushing and sorting machine and sorted into garbage crushed material and foreign matter, but the primary waste is separated. Liquids such as fine solids and oils and fats) may adhere, or low-water-content fermentable garbage such as paper that can be a raw material for methane fermentation may be discharged as impurities.

  For this reason, by spraying water or warm water as washing water in the crushing / separating machine, the garbage, which is a liquid such as fine solids and fats and oils attached to the contaminants, is removed and recovered as a garbage crushed material. Recoverable water content fermentable waste together with crushed garbage.

  However, if water or hot water is used to remove garbage attached to foreign substances in the crushing / separating machine, the amount of process water used is increased, and energy for making the hot water is required. In addition, there is a problem that the washing water flows into the solubilization tank together with the garbage crushed material and unintended unnecessary dilution occurs in the solubilization tank.

  The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and does not increase the process water and energy consumption used in the garbage methane fermentation treatment facility, sludge regeneration treatment center, etc., and the garbage attached to the contaminants in the crushing and separating machine. Another object of the present invention is to provide a garbage pretreatment method and apparatus capable of recovering low-moisture fermentable waste as a raw material for methane fermentation.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the pretreatment method for garbage according to the present invention is based on the pretreatment process when the garbage is solubilized in a solubilization tank and supplied to a biological treatment tank for methane fermentation or wastewater treatment. When the raw garbage is roughly crushed and separated into crushed garbage and foreign substances using a crushing / separating machine that performs the pretreatment process, fermented sludge in the methane fermentation tank or surplus in the biological treatment tank Sludge is supplied to the crushing and separating machine as a cleaning fluid.

  With the above configuration, when processing garbage such as raw garbage methane fermentation treatment facility, sludge regeneration processing center, etc., roughly crushing and separating the raw garbage with a crushing and sorting machine, the garbage adheres to the garbage. By using fermented sludge or surplus sludge generated in the treatment process as a cleaning fluid for removing garbage, the following effects are produced.

  Garbage that can be fermented with low water content, such as paper in raw garbage, is in a state where it can be easily crushed by absorbing fermented sludge or excess sludge. . In addition, since the cleaning fluid is a solid-liquid mixed phase fluid, the cleaning fluid removal capability to remove garbage adhering to contaminants is increased, and the fermentation sludge is at the temperature of the fermentation process. In addition, the ability to remove oils and fats adhering to foreign matters is increased without consuming energy. Therefore, the recovery rate of the garbage crushed material collected from the garbage is increased, solubilized in the solubilization tank, and the solubilized product that can be used as a raw material for methane fermentation or an organic carbon source and hydrogen donor in wastewater treatment increases. .

  Furthermore, the fermented sludge or excess sludge of the cleaning fluid becomes sludge mixed garbage with the crushed garbage and solubilized in the solubilization tank, so that acid fermentation in the solubilization tank can be promoted, and the methane fermentation tank Alternatively, the quality of the solubilized product supplied to the biological treatment tank for wastewater treatment is improved.

In addition, it is not necessary to introduce fresh water or the like as a cleaning fluid from outside the system, and process water consumed in the treatment process can be suppressed.
The garbage pre-treatment apparatus of the present invention pre-treats the garbage solubilized in a solubilization tank and supplied to a biological treatment tank for a methane fermentation tank or wastewater treatment, and the garbage is roughly crushed and separated. A crushing / separating machine that separates garbage into crushed garbage and impurities is provided with a cleaning fluid supply system that supplies fermentation sludge in a methane fermentation tank or surplus sludge in a biological treatment tank as a cleaning fluid.

  As described above, according to the present invention, by supplying fermented sludge from a methane fermentation tank or surplus sludge from a biological treatment tank to a crushing / separating machine as a cleaning fluid, wastes that can be fermented with low water content such as paper are crushed by garbage. As a result, it is possible to improve the ability to remove the cleaning fluid, resulting in an increase in the solubilized product due to an increase in the recovery rate of the crushed garbage and an improvement in the quality of the solubilized product. Can be achieved.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1, the pretreatment apparatus according to the present embodiment is configured to solubilize garbage in a solubilization tank and solubilize the solubilization tank in a treatment process such as a garbage methane fermentation treatment facility and a sludge regeneration treatment center. When the product is supplied to a methane fermentation tank or a biological treatment tank for wastewater treatment, the garbage is pretreated before being put into the solubilization tank.

  The pretreatment device includes a crushing / separating device 1, a crushing device 2, a temporary storage tank 3, and a transfer device 4. The crushing / separating machine 1 includes a cleaning fluid supply system 5 that supplies fermented sludge from a methane fermentation tank or surplus sludge from a biological treatment tank as a cleaning fluid, and roughly pulverizes and separates garbage 6 while spraying a predetermined amount of cleaning fluid. The waste crushed material and the foreign matter 7 are separated, and the mixture of the garbage crushed material and the cleaning fluid is discharged to the temporary storage tank 3 as sludge mixed food waste 8. The configuration of the crushing / separating machine 1 will be described in detail later.

The crusher 2 is composed of a shear type crusher such as a uniaxial crusher or a multi-axis crusher. The crushing material 7 discharged from the crushing / separating machine 1 is sheared and crushed, and the crushed material is transferred to a foreign material hopper or the like.
The transfer device 4 includes a pump, a case conveyor, and the like, and supplies the sludge mixed garbage 8 stored in the temporary storage tank 3 to the solubilization tank.

  The crushing / separating machine 1 has an impact crushing function, a wind power sorting function, and a screen sorting function, and a basic configuration is known. As shown in FIG. 2, the crushing / separating machine 1 has a garbage input port 11 for introducing garbage 6 on one end side of the main body barrel 10, and a dust for discharging impurities 7 on the other end side. It has a product discharge port 12, a screw conveyor 13 for discharging the sludge mixed garbage 8 at the bottom of the main body cylinder 10, and a garbage discharge port 14 at one end of the screw conveyor 13.

  The main body cylinder 10 includes a screen made of punching metal disposed between the screw conveyor 13, a rotary blade, a crushing blade installed on the inner wall surface of the main body cylinder 10, and a spray nozzle for cleaning fluid. The drum 10 rotates around a rotation axis from one end side where the garbage input port 11 is provided to the other end side where the dust discharge port 12 is provided.

  Hereinafter, the operation of the above-described configuration will be described. Garbage 6 accompanied by foreign matter 7 such as a vinyl bag or a plastic container is thrown into the crushing and sorting machine 1 from the garbage input port 11 as garbage. As a cleaning fluid supplied from the cleaning fluid supply system 5, fermented sludge from the methane fermentation tank or surplus sludge from the biological treatment tank is sprayed into the crushing / separating machine 1 by a predetermined amount from the spray nozzle, and the garbage 6 is roughly crushed and separated. The garbage 6 adhering to the contaminants 7 is washed away with the cleaning fluid while being separated into crushed garbage and impurities 7.

  Inside the crushing / separating machine 1, impacts are given to the garbage 6 by centrifugal blades rotating at high speed and centrifugal force is applied. While moving from the inlet 11 side to the contaminant outlet 12 side, the garbage 6 is crushed until it can pass through the punching metal of the screen while washing away the garbage attached to the contaminant 7 with the cleaning fluid. While the sludge mixed garbage 8 composed of the garbage crushed material and the cleaning fluid is discharged to the screw conveyor 13, the dust 7 is wind-selected by the wind generated by the rotation of the rotary blades, and the wind-cleaned dust 7 is discharged as the dust. Discharge from outlet 12. Since the contaminants 7 are washed away with the cleaning fluid, the odor emitted from the contaminants 7 can be reduced.

  The separated sludge mixed garbage 8 is supplied from the garbage discharge port 14 to the temporary storage tank 3 by the screw conveyor 13 and supplied from the temporary storage tank 3 to the solubilization tank by the transfer device 4. At this time, the sludge mixed garbage 8 has a high moisture content, and since the pasting is progressing in the crushing / separating machine 1, the pump transfer is easy.

  In the operation of the crushing / separating machine 1 described above, the low water content fermentable waste such as paper contained in the garbage 6 becomes easy to be crushed by absorbing the cleaning fluid made of fermented sludge or excess sludge and has a specific gravity. As a result of the increase, it is changed to a mode of being separated as garbage crushed material, and is impact crushed without being separated as dust 7 by wind selection and passes through the screen as garbage crushed material.

  In addition, since the cleaning fluid is a solid-liquid mixed phase fluid, the cleaning fluid removal ability to remove the garbage 6 adhering to the contaminants 7 is enhanced. Especially when fermented sludge is used as the cleaning fluid, Since it is at the temperature of the fermentation process, the ability to remove oils and fats adhering to the contaminants 7 is increased without consuming energy to raise the temperature of the cleaning fluid.

  Therefore, the recovery rate of the garbage crushed material collected from the garbage 6 is increased, solubilized in the solubilization tank, and the solubilized processed material that becomes a raw material for methane fermentation or an organic carbon source and a hydrogen donor in wastewater treatment increases. To do.

  Furthermore, in the crushing / separating machine 1, the fermented sludge or surplus sludge of the cleaning fluid is agitated and mixed with the crushed garbage to become sludge mixed garbage 8 and solubilized in the solubilization tank. Power can be reduced and acid fermentation in the solubilization tank can be promoted, so that the quality of the solubilized product supplied to the methane fermentation tank or the biological treatment tank for wastewater treatment is improved. Moreover, it is not necessary to introduce fresh water or the like as a cleaning fluid from outside the system, and process water consumed in the treatment process can be suppressed.

The block diagram which shows the pre-processing apparatus of the garbage in embodiment of this invention Front view of the crushing / separating machine constituting the pretreatment device in the embodiment

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Crushing and separating machine 2 Crushing machine 3 Temporary storage tank 4 Transfer device 5 Cleaning fluid supply system 6 Garbage 7 Waste 8 Sludge mixed garbage 10 Main body trunk 11 Garbage inlet 12 Waste outlet 13 Screw conveyor 14 Garbage waste Exit

Claims (2)

When food waste is solubilized in a solubilization tank and supplied to a methane fermentation tank or a biological treatment tank for wastewater treatment, the food waste is pretreated in a pretreatment process, When the waste is roughly crushed and separated into crushed garbage and foreign materials, the fermentation sludge from the methane fermentation tank or surplus sludge from the biological treatment tank is supplied to the crushing and separating machine as a cleaning fluid. Pre-processing method. This is a pre-treatment of the garbage that is solubilized in the solubilization tank and supplied to the methane fermentation tank or the biological treatment tank for wastewater treatment. The raw garbage is roughly crushed and separated into crushed garbage and impurities. A garbage pretreatment device comprising a crushing and separating machine equipped with a cleaning fluid supply system for supplying fermentation sludge from a methane fermentation tank or surplus sludge from a biological treatment tank as a cleaning fluid.

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