JP2006232943A - Apparatus for carbonizing garbage - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To bring an apparatus for carbonizing garbage to have a good combustion state of dry distillation gas by suppressing the amount of the generated dry distillation gas to be equal to or less than a certain amount. <P>SOLUTION: The apparatus for carbonizing garbage is equipped with a storing section for storing garbage, a carbonization means for carbonizing the stored garbage by applying carbonization energy E1, a carbonization temperature-detection means for detecting the carbonization temperature T1 during the carbonization, a combustion means for combusting the dry distillation gas by applying combustion energy E2 to the dry distillation gas generated during the carbonization process, a combustion temperature-detection means for detecting the combustion temperature T2 during the combustion and a control means for controlling a carbonization heater depending on the carbonization temperature T1 as an index and controlling the combustion means depending on the combustion temperature T2 as an index. The control means suppresses the amount of generation of the dry distillation gas by carrying out stopping of the carbonization means or reducing the operation rate depending on conditions A-F which are based on the rate of energy application, the rate of temperature rise and each temperature T1, T2. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a garbage carbonizing apparatus that heats and garbage carbonizes garbage under a low oxygen concentration.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a garbage processing apparatus that carbonizes garbage is known. This type of device heats the garbage to a certain temperature or higher and heat decomposes (dry distillation) in a state where oxygen is shut off or restricted in supply, whereby the garbage is finally reduced and reduced in volume, That is, change to carbide. In the process of carbonization of garbage, water first evaporates, and then organic substances are decomposed as the temperature rises to generate various combustible gases (dry distillation gases). Eventually, carbon-based charcoal is generated. This charcoal can be used as an adsorbent or a soil conditioner. In principle, it is possible to treat wood, oils and fats, and plastics. There are few restrictions on the quality of the treated product compared to the garbage disposal methods such as composting and drying. The relationship between the carbonization temperature and the generated gas largely depends on the components of the object to be processed. An example is shown in FIG. Such dry distillation gas may contain harmful substances, and is usually burned by a combustion device and discharged. A typical dry distillation gas combustion reaction is as follows. _{Methane: CH 4 + 2O 2 = CO} 2 + 2H 2 O, _{CO: 2CO + O 2 = 2CO 2} , _{hydrogen: 2H 2 + O 2 = 2H} 2 O. Further, combustion heat corresponding to each combustion reaction is generated.

  As described above, oxygen (air) is required for combustion of the dry distillation gas, and the required amount is theoretically determined according to the amount of gas. In an actual combustion apparatus, an air amount larger than the theoretically determined air amount is used to prevent incomplete combustion from occurring and discharge of air pollutants such as unburned gas and dust.

  Incomplete combustion can occur when the following situations cannot be addressed. For example, when the garbage contains substances having various carbonization characteristics, the carbonization reaction of the garbage is not performed at a constant rate, and a situation may occur in which the amount of dry distillation gas varies over time. In such a situation, it is necessary to increase or decrease the amount of combustion air following the amount of gas generated. However, when thermal decomposition occurs suddenly at a certain temperature range, such as oil and fat (see FIGS. 15 (a) and 15 (b)), a large amount of combustible gas is generated in a short time. It is difficult to maintain a good combustion state.

As the above-mentioned measures, dry distillation gas using a method using a high-precision control device that controls combustion air extensively and strictly in order to maintain a good combustion state, or using an auxiliary combustion device having a capacity larger than the amount of dry distillation gas generated Methods such as making it less susceptible to fluctuations in the amount of generation are conceivable. However, both increase the equipment cost and operation cost. Therefore, there has been proposed a combustible organic material carbonization method that suppresses the generation of dry distillation gas by controlling the carbonization means when the temperature of the combustion chamber exceeds a predetermined upper limit (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
JP 2001-234173 A

  However, in the organic carbonization method as shown in Patent Document 1 described above, it can be dealt with when the generation of excessive dry distillation gas is the cause of the temperature increase in the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber temperature rises in addition to excessive dry distillation gas generation, such as when the combustion means is operating more than necessary and the combustion chamber temperature is rising despite the small amount of gas generated. In some cases, stopping the carbonization means can be an inappropriate control. Even if the carbonization means is stopped when the combustion temperature exceeds the upper limit value, the carbonization reaction may not be stopped suddenly due to the heat capacity of the carbonization furnace, and the combustion temperature may overshoot. It is still difficult to maintain good combustion conditions with the method.

  This invention solves the said subject, Comprising: It aims at providing the garbage carbonization apparatus which can implement | achieve the favorable combustion state of dry distillation gas by restraining the generation amount of dry distillation gas below a fixed amount.

  In order to achieve the above object, the invention of claim 1 is characterized in that a storage part for storing garbage, a carbonization means for carbonizing the garbage stored in the storage part, and a carbonization temperature for detecting a carbonization temperature during the carbonization. Detection means, combustion means for introducing energy into the gas generated in the carbonization process and burning the gas, combustion temperature detection means for detecting the combustion temperature during combustion, and the carbonization temperature detection means And a control means for controlling the carbonization means using the carbonization temperature detected by the combustion temperature and the combustion temperature detected by the combustion temperature detection means as an index. Is to stop the carbonization means or lower its operating rate when the input rate of energy input by the combustion means becomes a predetermined value or less.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the garbage carbonization apparatus according to the first aspect, when the combustion temperature exceeds a predetermined value, the control means stops the carbonization means or lowers its operating rate. .

  The invention according to claim 3 is a storage unit for storing the garbage, a carbonization means for carbonizing the garbage stored in the storage part, a carbonization temperature detection means for detecting the carbonization temperature during the carbonization, and the carbonization process. A combustion means for burning the gas generated in the combustion chamber; a combustion temperature detection means for detecting the combustion temperature during the combustion; a carbonization temperature detected by the carbonization temperature detection means; and a combustion temperature detected by the combustion temperature detection means. And a control means for controlling the combustion means as an index, and a control means for controlling the combustion means, the control means, when the rate of increase of the combustion temperature is a predetermined value or more, The carbonization means is stopped or its operating rate is reduced.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the garbage carbonization apparatus according to the third aspect, the carbonization means is stopped by the control means or the operating rate thereof is reduced. This is performed when the combustion temperature is equal to or higher than a predetermined value.

  The invention of claim 5 is a storage unit for storing garbage, a carbonization means for carbonizing the garbage stored in the storage part, a carbonization temperature detection means for detecting a carbonization temperature during the carbonization, and the carbonization process. Combustion means for burning the gas generated in the combustion chamber, combustion temperature detection means for detecting the combustion temperature during combustion, the carbonization temperature detected by the carbonization temperature detection means, and the combustion temperature detected by the combustion temperature detection means And a control means for controlling the combustion means as an index, and a control means for controlling the combustion means, the control means, when the rate of increase of the carbonization temperature is equal to or higher than a predetermined value, The carbonization means is stopped or its operating rate is reduced.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the garbage carbonization apparatus according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the carbonization means is stopped by the control means or the operating rate thereof is reduced. This is performed when the carbonization temperature is equal to or higher than a predetermined value.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the carbonization means is stopped or its operating rate is lowered when the input rate of energy input by the combustion means becomes a predetermined value or less. A good combustion state of the dry distillation gas can be realized by suppressing the generation amount to a certain amount or less. In the case of energy input by the combustion means, for example, in the case of a combustion heater, the energization amount changes corresponding to the amount of dry distillation gas generated. Normally, the combustion temperature is controlled to a predetermined temperature by a predetermined temperature control, so if the amount of dry distillation gas is large, the combustion temperature is maintained by the combustion heat of the gas, so the energization amount decreases, and if the amount of gas is small, the combustion temperature is maintained. Therefore, the amount of energization increases because energy is supplied. Therefore, the amount of dry distillation gas generated can be controlled based on the energy input rate (energization rate).

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the control based on the above-mentioned energy input rate, when the combustion temperature exceeds a predetermined value, the carbonization means is stopped or its operating rate is reduced. Can be controlled with higher accuracy.

  According to the invention of claim 3, when the rate of increase in the combustion temperature is equal to or higher than a predetermined value, the carbonization means is stopped or its operation rate is lowered. Therefore, the carbonization means is quickly controlled by predicting the increasing tendency of dry distillation gas. And a good combustion state can be realized.

  According to the invention of claim 4, the carbonization means is stopped or the operating rate is lowered when the rate of increase in the combustion temperature is equal to or higher than a predetermined value and the combustion temperature is equal to or higher than the predetermined value. The generation amount can be controlled more appropriately in accordance with the actual situation of the carbonization apparatus.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, when the rate of increase of the carbonization temperature is equal to or higher than a predetermined value, the carbonization means is stopped or its operating rate is reduced, so that it is possible to avoid wasting energy for carbonization. This is because the end of carbonization can be predicted from the rate of temperature increase when the carbonization temperature rises because the carbonization reaction is nearing the end.

  According to the invention of claim 6, the carbonization means is stopped or its operating rate is lowered when the rate of increase of the carbonization temperature is equal to or higher than a predetermined value and the carbonization temperature is higher than a predetermined value. By excluding the initial temperature rise, etc., it is possible to control more appropriately according to the actual condition of the carbonization apparatus.

  Hereinafter, a garbage carbonization apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a control block configuration of the garbage carbonizing apparatus 1. The garbage carbonization apparatus 1 includes a storage unit 10 that stores garbage, carbonization means 11 that carbonizes the garbage stored in the storage unit 10 by carbonizing energy E1, and carbonization that is the temperature of the garbage being carbonized. Carbonization temperature detection means 12 for detecting temperature T1, combustion part 20 for mixing combustion oxygen with dry distillation gas G1 generated in the process of carbonization, and combustion energy E2 is input to dry distillation gas G1 in combustion part 20 Combustion means 21 for burning dry distillation gas G1, combustion temperature detection means 22 for detecting combustion temperature T2, which is a temperature at which dry distillation gas G1 burns, carbonization temperature T1 and combustion temperature detected by carbonization temperature detection means 12 And a control means 30 for controlling the carbonization means 11 and controlling the combustion means 21 using the combustion temperature T2 detected by the detection means 22 as an index.

  Further, the control means 30 described above includes a temperature increase rate calculating means 31 for determining the temperature increase rates of the carbonization temperature T1 and the combustion temperature T2, an energy input rate calculating means 32 for determining the input rates of the carbonized energy E1 and the combustion energy E2, It has. The control means 30 then adds the combustion energy E2 calculated by the temperature increase rate calculating means 31 and the energy input rate calculating means 32, the increase rate of the combustion temperature T2, the increase rate of the carbonization temperature T1, and the carbonization temperature T1 and the combustion. The carbonization means 11 and the combustion means 21 are controlled based on six control conditions using the temperature T2 as an index. The specific control is, for example, to stop the carbonization means 11 or to lower the operating rate. Table 6 shows six control conditions (referred to herein as condition A, condition B, condition C, condition D, condition E, and condition F). The charging rate of the combustion energy E2 can be expressed by an energization amount to the combustion heater or an energization rate for full power when the energy input by the combustion means is, for example, thermal energy by the combustion heater. Note that the temperature increase rate calculating means 31, the energy input rate calculating means 32, and the six control conditions are not all essential, and only a part of them may be appropriately set as described later.

  The above-described control conditions will be described in the detailed flowchart (FIG. 3) of the garbage carbonization process described later. The control means 30 stops the carbonization means 11 or lowers the operating rate when any of these control conditions is satisfied. By such a method, the amount of generated carbonization gas G1 is suppressed to a certain amount or less and a good combustion state of the carbonization gas G1 is realized, so that the carbonization gas can be used without using air amount control means such as inverter control of a blower. G1 can be burned in a stable and good combustion state.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 2, the outline flow of the garbage carbonization process by the garbage carbonization apparatus 1 is demonstrated. When the garbage is put into the garbage carbonizing apparatus 1 and the carbonization process is started, the storage section 10 and the combustion section 20 are heated by the carbonization means 11 and the combustion means 21 controlled by the control means 30 ( S1). This temperature increase is performed using the holding set temperatures (H1, H2) set for the storage unit 10 and the combustion unit 20 as target values. With this temperature increase, the carbonization temperature T1 rises and the dry distillation gas G1 is generated. At this stage, the control means 30 controls the carbonization means 11 and the combustion means 21 to maintain the carbonization temperature T1 and the combustion temperature T2 at the holding set temperatures H1 and H2, respectively, while generating dry distillation gas from the garbage. On the other hand, the generated gas is combusted in the combustion section 20 and exhausted one after another. In the present specification, this main stage of carbonization is called basic operation (S2). In the basic operation, for example, if the carbonization temperature T1 is lower than the set temperature H1, the carbonization energy E1 is input to the storage unit 10 via the carbonization means 11, and if it is higher, the input is stopped and necessary for performing the dry distillation reaction. Then, control is performed to maintain the optimum set temperature H1.

  The control means 30 performs the above-described basic operation and performs dry distillation gas generation amount control for detecting the dry distillation gas generation amount and suppressing excessive gas generation using the above-described six control conditions A to F. (S3). This dry distillation gas generation amount control will be described later with reference to a detailed flowchart (FIG. 3). Further, the control means 30 determines whether or not the carbonization process is finished (S4). If it is judged that the carbonization process is finished, the carbonization process is finished (YES in S4). If it is judged that the carbonization process is not finished (NO in S4), Control is returned to step S2, and the above-described steps S2, S3, and S4 are sequentially repeated at a predetermined time interval set in the control means 30. For example, a method based on the elapsed processing time measured using a timer or a method based on changes in carbonization and combustion energy input rate can be used to determine the end of the processing.

  Here, the terms of the energy input rate and the operating rate of the carbonizing means 11 described above will be described. The energy input rate (referred to as ΔE) is the ratio of the energy currently input (referred to as E) to a predetermined input energy value (referred to as F). In other words, the input energy is standardized to be 1 (or 100%) at a predetermined input energy value. That is, ΔE = E / F. As the predetermined energy value F, a maximum energy value that can be input, a 90% value thereof, or an energy value necessary for maintaining a predetermined combustion temperature T2 can be used. It is possible to define a predetermined energy value F that depends on the processing capacity of the garbage carbonizing apparatus, the type of garbage to be treated, and the energy input rate ΔE. The operating rate of the carbonizing means 11 is used to mean the efficiency of heating the garbage to generate dry distillation gas, and can be expressed by the energy input rate (ΔE1) for the carbonized energy. Moreover, when using electric power as energy, energy and an energy input rate, and also an operation rate can be expressed with an electric power value or an electric current value.

  Next, the procedure of the dry distillation gas generation amount control (S3) using the above-described six control condition conditions A to F by the control means 30 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. Step S1 for raising the temperature in this figure, step S2 for performing the basic operation for maintaining the set temperature, and step S4 for judging the end of the carbonization treatment are the same as steps S1, S2, and S4 in FIG. is there. In the control step of the dry distillation gas generation amount control (S3), the six steps S31 to S36 for determining whether or not the conditions A to F are satisfied are executed in order or in parallel, and any of the conditions is satisfied (step S31). To YES in step S36, the process proceeds to step 37. Further, if the condition is not satisfied in any of steps S31 to S36 (NO in all of steps S31 to S36), the process proceeds to step S4. Steps S31 to S36, and therefore the conditions A to F will be described in order.

  In step S31, it is determined whether condition A is satisfied. The condition A is a condition that “the injection rate ΔE2 of the energy E2 input by the combustion means 21 is equal to or less than a predetermined value”. If this condition is satisfied (YES in S31), the control means 30 causes the carbonization means 11 to Stop or reduce the operating rate (S37). If the condition A is not satisfied, that is, the charging rate ΔE2 is not less than or equal to the predetermined value (NO in S31) and the process is not completed (NO in S4), the basic operation is executed (S2).

  The temperature control based on the above condition A is based on the premise that “the combustion temperature is controlled to be a predetermined set temperature” in the garbage carbonizing apparatus 1. Such a premise is a matter performed in a normal combustion apparatus from the viewpoint of energy efficiency. In the combustion control based on this premise, when the amount of dry distillation gas increases, the combustion temperature is maintained by the combustion heat of the gas, so the energy input rate ΔE2 decreases. Further, when the amount of gas decreases, the combustion energy E2 is supplied to maintain the combustion temperature, so that the energy input rate ΔE2 increases. Therefore, the amount of dry distillation gas generated can be grasped using the energy input rate ΔE2 as an index, and the amount generated can be controlled.

  In step S32, it is determined whether or not the condition B is satisfied. Condition B is a condition that “the combustion temperature T2 exceeds a predetermined value”. When this condition is satisfied (YES in S32) and when it is not satisfied (NO in S32), the subsequent processing is the same as described above, and a description thereof is omitted.

  Such control under the condition B is a general one that has been performed conventionally. This will be described with reference to FIG. The relationship between the combustion temperature and the air ratio (ratio of air in the mixed gas) in gas combustion is such that the combustion temperature is highest when the air ratio is 1, as shown in FIG. It has a relationship of going down. In the combustion of gas, in order to prevent incomplete combustion, the air ratio is operated at 1 or more (precondition). In the region where the air ratio is 1 or more, the combustion temperature rises because the air ratio decreases as the gas amount increases with respect to a constant air amount. Conversely, when the amount of gas decreases with respect to a certain amount of air, the air ratio increases, so the combustion temperature decreases. Therefore, under the precondition that the engine is operated at an air ratio of 1 or more, the generation amount of dry distillation gas can be grasped using the combustion temperature as an index, and the generation amount can be controlled.

  In step S33, it is determined whether or not the condition C is satisfied. Condition C is a condition that “the rate of increase ΔT2 of the combustion temperature T2 is greater than or equal to a predetermined value”. When this condition is satisfied (YES in S33) and when it is not satisfied (NO in S33), the subsequent processing is the same as described above, and a description thereof is omitted. According to such control under the condition C, it is possible to quickly control the carbonization means by predicting the increasing tendency of the dry distillation gas, and to realize a good combustion state.

  In step S34, it is determined whether or not the condition D is satisfied. The condition D is a condition that “the rate of increase ΔT1 of the carbonization temperature T1 is not less than a predetermined value”. When this condition is satisfied (YES in S34) and when it is not satisfied (NO in S34), the subsequent processing is the same as described above, and a description thereof is omitted. In the control based on the condition D, for example, the end of the carbonization process can be predicted from the temperature increase rate by utilizing the fact that the carbonization temperature increases when the carbonization reaction is approaching the end. In this case, it is possible to avoid the waste that carbonization energy is input even after the reaction is completed.

  In step S35, it is determined whether or not the condition E is satisfied. The condition E is a condition that “the above condition C is satisfied under the condition that the combustion temperature T2 is equal to or higher than a predetermined value”. When this condition is satisfied (YES in S35) and when it is not satisfied (NO in S35), the subsequent processing is the same as described above, and a description thereof is omitted. When the combustion temperature T2 is low, it is determined that the amount of dry distillation gas generated is small. Therefore, in order to efficiently perform the carbonization process excluding such a situation, the preceding stage “the combustion temperature T2 is equal to or higher than a predetermined value”. The condition of is added.

  In step S36, it is determined whether or not the condition F is satisfied. The condition F is a condition that “the above condition D is satisfied under the condition that the carbonization temperature T1 is equal to or higher than a predetermined value”. When this condition is satisfied (YES in S32) and when it is not satisfied (NO in S32), the subsequent processing is the same as described above, and a description thereof is omitted. When the carbonization temperature T1 is low, it is determined that the generation of dry distillation gas is small. Therefore, in order to exclude the possibility of an initial temperature increase due to carbonization, the preceding condition that “the carbonization temperature T1 is a predetermined value or more” is It has been added.

  Next, a more specific structure of the garbage carbonizing apparatus 1 will be described with reference to FIG. This garbage carbonization apparatus 1 is a vertical apparatus using electric power as a power source, and a storage unit 10 (hereinafter, carbonization chamber 10) that generates carbonization gas by performing carbonization treatment on the lower part, and carbonization gas on the storage unit 10 A combustion section 20 (hereinafter referred to as a combustion processing chamber 20) for combustion treatment, an exhaust section 40 for performing exhaust treatment by diluting and cooling the gas that has been subjected to combustion treatment thereon, and a separate or garbage garbage carbonizer main body A control means 30 is provided which is built in and receives a power supply from the external power source PS and controls a series of processes from carbonization to exhaust.

  The carbonization chamber 10 includes a carbonization means 11 (hereinafter referred to as a carbonization heater 11) that inputs carbonization energy E1 to garbage, a carbonization temperature detection means 12 that measures a carbonization temperature T1, a heat insulating wall 10a that forms a sealed space, and a front A door 10b and a communication duct 16 communicating from the sealed space to the combustion processing chamber are provided. The carbonized heater 11 is provided on the inner surface of the heat insulating wall 10a. The garbage 13 is placed in a container 14 (two can be used) and stored in a sealed space. The carbonization temperature detection means 12 is disposed in the vicinity of the container 14 in order to measure the carbonization temperature T1, which is the temperature of garbage during carbonization.

  The combustion processing chamber 20 includes a combustion means 21 (hereinafter referred to as a combustion heater 21) that inputs combustion energy E2 to the dry distillation gas G1, a combustion temperature detection means 22, and a dry distillation gas path 23. The dry distillation gas path 23 is connected to the communication duct 16, and guides the dry distillation gas from the carbonization chamber to the exhaust section while burning it. The combustion heater 21 is formed of a coiled heater so as to surround the dry distillation gas path 23. The combustion catalyst 23a is provided on the exhaust section side of the dry distillation gas path 23, and the combustion temperature detection means 22 is provided on the downstream side of the combustion catalyst 23a and measures the combustion temperature T2. The combustion heater 21, the combustion temperature detection means 22, the dry distillation gas path 23, and the combustion catalyst 23a are insulated from the outside air by the heat insulating material 20a. An air pipe 24 a is connected to the inlet side of the dry distillation gas path 23. The air pipe 24a is branched from the pipe 24, and the pipe 24 has an outside air intake port under the apparatus for introducing combustion air.

  The exhaust unit 40 includes a dilution chamber 41 and an exhaust fan 42 connected to the dilution chamber 41 by piping. The dilution chamber 41 is connected to the outlet side of the dry distillation gas path 23 and the air pipe 24b. The air pipe 24 b supplies dilution air and cooling air to the dilution chamber 41. The air pipe 24 b is branched from the pipe 24.

  Here, operation | movement of a garbage carbonization apparatus is demonstrated along the flow of dry distillation gas G1. In the carbonization chamber 10, the garbage 13 is heated by the carbonization heater 11 in an oxygen-free or anoxic condition, and a dry distillation gas G <b> 1 is generated from the heated garbage 13. The dry distillation gas G1 is guided to the dry distillation gas path 23 of the combustion processing chamber 20 through the communication duct 16. The one-way flow of the dry distillation gas G1 is formed by the positive pressure accompanying the generation of the dry distillation gas G1 and / or the negative pressure by the exhaust fan 42. The dry distillation gas G1 is guided to the dry distillation gas path 23, heated by the combustion heater 21 in the dry distillation gas path 23, mixed with the air supplied from the air pipe 24a, and passes through the dry distillation gas path 23 and the catalyst 23a. Burned. The combusted gas is mixed with the air supplied from the air pipe 24b in the dilution chamber 41 connected to the path 23 to be diluted and cooled, and is discharged into the atmosphere as the exhaust gas G2 through the exhaust fan 42. The

  Next, with reference to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the time change of the carbonization energy E1 and the combustion energy E2 input by the control means 30 and the measured carbonization temperature T1 and the combustion temperature T2 will be described. In the time lapse from the input of the garbage to the garbage carbonizing apparatus 1 until the end of the carbonization treatment, typical time changes of the carbonization temperature T1 and the combustion temperature T2 are as shown in FIG. The temperature change of (holding set temperature H1, H2) is held and finally the temperature is lowered. In the carbonization process, a constant temperature is maintained because of an energy efficient process and a stable process under control (abnormal combustion reaction such as incomplete combustion in the combustion process chamber 20 caused by excessive gas generation or the like). This is because the processing without any) is performed.

  The carbonization energy input rate ΔE1 by the carbonization heater 11 and the combustion energy input rate ΔE2 by the combustion heater 21 follow time changes as shown in FIG. 7 corresponding to the time changes of the carbonization temperature T1 and the combustion temperature T2. In the initial stage, both the carbonized heater and the combustion heater are supplying almost full power of energy. When the combustible dry distillation gas starts to be generated when the carbonization temperature T1 reaches a certain temperature, the heat generated by the combustion of the combustible gas raises the temperature of the combustion processing chamber 20, so the energy input rate ΔE2 of the combustion heater 21 is It gradually decreases.

  When the combustion heater 21 is controlled so as to keep the combustion temperature T2 constant, the combustion energy input rate ΔE2 changes corresponding to the amount of dry distillation gas burned. That is, ΔE2 decreases when the amount of dry distillation gas is large, and ΔE2 increases when the amount of gas is small.

  FIG. 8 shows the measurement results of the carbonization temperature T1 and the combustion temperature T2 when the temperature control in the carbonization apparatus is not performed well. It can be seen that the variation in the carbonization temperature T1 is related to the variation in the combustion temperature T2. The combustion temperature T2 is controlled by the control means 30 so as to become a constant value (800 ° C.) based on the output signal from the combustion temperature detection means 22, but as indicated by arrows a and b, the combustion temperature T2 A large temperature rise has occurred. By suppressing the generation amount of the dry distillation gas to a certain amount or less and realizing a good combustion state of the dry distillation gas, it is possible to eliminate the temperature rise as indicated by the arrows a and b. Below, the Example of the temperature control which applied conditions AF mentioned above to the garbage carbonization apparatus 1 shown in above-mentioned FIG. 5 is described.

Example 1
In the garbage carbonization apparatus 1, temperature control based on conditions A and B was performed. The basic conditions for device operation are as follows. The holding set temperature (represented by H) is H1 = 600 ° C. at the carbonization temperature T1, and H2 = 800 ° C. at the combustion temperature T2, and when the combustion temperature T2 is 820 ° C. or less, the carbonization is performed so as to hold the temperatures H1 and H2. The heater 11 and the combustion heater 21 are controlled. During the basic operation under this condition, when the energy input rate ΔE2 of the combustion heater 21 becomes 15% or less (condition A), or when the combustion temperature T2 exceeds 820 ° C. (condition B), the carbonized heater 11 is stopped. did.

  This temperature control will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. First, the temperature is raised (S11), and the above-described basic operation is started following the temperature rise (S12). In the basic operation, the control means 30 performs control to hold the holding set temperatures H1 = 600 ° C. and H2 = 800 ° C. That is, if the carbonization temperature T1 is lower than the holding set temperature H1 (T1 <H1), the control means 30 inputs carbonization energy E1 through the carbonization means 11, and if it is higher or equal (H1 ≦ T1) To stop. The control means 30 inputs the combustion energy E2 via the combustion means 21 if the combustion temperature T2 is lower than the holding set temperature H2 (T2 <H2), and if it is higher or equal (H2 ≦ T2). To stop.

  Next, the condition B is determined. That is, it is determined whether the combustion temperature T2 exceeds 820 ° C. (S13). If the combustion temperature T2 does not exceed 820 ° C. (NO in S13), a determination is made as to whether or not the process has ended (S14), the process ends (YES in S14), or the process returns to step S12 (YES in S14).

  If the combustion temperature T2 exceeds 820 ° C. in step S13 (YES in S13), the condition A is determined. That is, when the combustion energy input rate ΔE2 is 15% or less (YES in S15), the carbonizing means (carbonized heater 11) is stopped (S17). If the combustion energy input rate ΔE2 is not 15% or less (NO in S15), it is determined whether the process is terminated (S14), the process is terminated (YES in S14), or the process returns to step S12 (NO in S14). When the combustion energy input rate ΔE2 is 15% or less (YES in S15), the carbonization means is stopped (S16), and the process proceeds to step S14. The control means 30 repeats the process from step S12 to S14 at a predetermined time interval. The temperature control that combines the conditions A and B, that is, the temperature control that stops the carbonization means when both the conditions A and B are satisfied (AND logic), can realize a good combustion state of the dry distillation gas. It was. When the control is performed only under the condition B, there may be an inconvenience that the carbonized heater is stopped even if the combustion temperature exceeds a predetermined value due to the dry distillation gas but not the combustion heater. Since the control is performed in consideration of the condition B, the carbonization means can be stopped except for the case where the combustion temperature exceeds a predetermined value due to the combustion heater, and efficient processing can be performed.

(Example 2)
In the garbage carbonizing apparatus 1, an increase value (dT2) per unit time (dt) of the combustion temperature T2 is detected, an increase rate ΔT2 (ΔT2 = dT2 / dt) of the combustion temperature T2 is calculated, and the increase rate ΔT2 is predetermined. Control to stop energization to the carbonization heater 11 and the combustion heater 21 was performed when the value is equal to or greater than the value (condition C). The unit time dt is a temperature measurement time interval. This time interval varies depending on the size and processing capacity of the carbonization apparatus, but in order to quickly detect a temperature rise, it is generally 60 seconds or less, preferably 10 seconds or less. This control regarding the condition C by the control means 30 is repeated at dt intervals. Thereby, the rapid rise of the combustion temperature T2 could be suppressed. This is because the carbonization means could be quickly controlled by predicting the increasing tendency of the dry distillation gas by the control based on the condition C. If at least the carbonization means is stopped with respect to such a rapid increase in the combustion temperature T2, an increase suppressing effect can be obtained, and whether or not the combustion means is also stopped at the same time may be set as appropriate. .

(Example 3)
In the garbage carbonization apparatus 1, the increase value (dT1) per unit time (dt) of the carbonization temperature T1 is detected, the increase rate ΔT1 (ΔT1 = dT1 / dt) of the carbonization temperature T1 is calculated, and the increase rate ΔT1 is predetermined. When the value is greater than or equal to the value, energization to the carbonized heater 11 was stopped (condition D). The unit time dt is the same as that in the second embodiment, and is generally 60 seconds or less, preferably 10 seconds or less. This control regarding the condition D by the control means 30 is repeated at dt intervals. Thereby, the rapid rise of the combustion temperature T2 could be suppressed. This is because the control based on the condition D was able to predict the increasing tendency of the dry distillation gas and quickly control the carbonization means. Thus, if at least the carbonization means is stopped with respect to the rapid rise in the combustion temperature T2, the effect of suppressing the increase can be obtained, and whether the combustion means is also stopped at the same time can be set as appropriate. Good.

Example 4
In the garbage carbonization apparatus 1, when the carbonization temperature T <b> 1 or the combustion temperature T <b> 2 is equal to or lower than a certain value, control is performed to invalidate the condition C or the condition D (condition E, condition F). As a result, the processing time was shortened. This is because, when the control of the above-described Examples 2 and 3 is performed in all the times during the operation of the apparatus, the heating is suppressed even in the state where no dry distillation gas is generated, and the processing time becomes long. This is a result that could be avoided.

(Example 5)
In the garbage carbonization apparatus 1, the holding set temperature H2 of the combustion temperature T2 in the basic operation of the apparatus was set to H2 = 805 ° C. Further, under the condition that the combustion temperature T2 is 700 ° C. or higher (700 ° C. ≦ T2), the temperature increase rate ΔT2 of the combustion temperature T2 is controlled to be a predetermined value or less (Condition C). The predetermined value (referred to as Df) was Df = 1 ° C./s, and the measurement time interval dt was dt = 1 second. That is, when 1 ° C./s≦ΔT2, energization to the carbonized heater 11 and the combustion heater 21 was stopped. FIG. 10 shows an example of measurement results of the combustion temperature T2 and the combustion temperature increase rate ΔT2. In this figure, it turns out that the excessive raise of the combustion temperature T2 is suppressed.

(Example 6)
In the garbage carbonizing apparatus 1, the temperature setting H1 of the carbonizing temperature T1 was set to H1 = 650 ° C. as a temperature condition in the basic operation of the apparatus. Further, under the condition that the carbonization temperature T1 is 400 ° C. or more (400 ° C. ≦ T1), the temperature increase rate ΔT1 of the carbonization temperature T1 is controlled to be a predetermined value or less (Condition D). The predetermined value (referred to as Dc) was Dc = 1 ° C./s, and the measurement time interval dt was dt = 1 second. That is, when 1 ° C./s≦ΔT1, energization to the carbonized heater 11 and the combustion heater 21 was stopped. FIG. 11 shows an example of measurement results of the carbonization temperature T1 and the carbonization temperature increase rate ΔT1. In this figure, it can be seen that good operation is performed without a sharp rise in the temperature of the carbonization temperature T1.

  As mentioned above, although the Example was shown, the garbage carbonization apparatus 1 can be drive | operated combining not only the said Example but conditions AF. For example, depending on the scale of the treatment capacity of the garbage carbonization apparatus 1, the type and nature of the garbage that is the object to be treated, the urgency level for the garbage treatment such as the slow treatment and the high speed treatment, the conditions A to F Can be combined. Moreover, you may use it for switching and changing the application range of conditions AF in each process step from garbage input to completion | finish of carbonization. With fine control that stops the carbonization heater 11 or the combustion heater 21 in consideration of a plurality of conditions or lowers its operating rate, maintaining a good combustion state with high heat efficiency and suppressing excessive dry distillation gas, and Carbonization with a short processing time is possible. 12 and 13 show examples in which the heater is controlled by combining conditions.

  FIG. 12 shows an example of an operation method of the carbonized heater 11. Here, the basic operation of the apparatus, that is, the temperature maintenance operation performed to maintain the holding set temperatures H1 and H2 with respect to the carbonization temperature T1 and the combustion temperature T2 will be described. In the garbage carbonizing apparatus 1, general PID control (proportional, integral, differential control) is used as a method for maintaining the set temperature. That is, the carbonized heater 11 is output by a carbonized heater PID from a circuit that performs PID control based on the carbonized temperature T1, and the combustion heater 21 is output from a circuit that performs PID control based on the combustion temperature T2. It is controlled by. Under such circumstances, the carbonization temperature control by the ON / OFF control of the carbonization heater 11 is performed by combining control conditions as shown in FIG. That is, the carbonized heater 11 is stopped (OFF) when any of the conditions A to D is satisfied (OFF when satisfied), or when the carbonized heater PID output is OFF.

  FIG. 13 shows an example of a method for operating the combustion heater 21. The combustion heater 21 is stopped (OFF) when either of the conditions B and C is satisfied (OFF when satisfied) or when the combustion heater PID output is OFF.

  In addition, the control means 30 and the temperature increase rate calculating means 31 and the energy input rate calculating means 32 included in the garbage carbonizing apparatus 1 include a CPU, a memory, an external storage device, a display device, an input device, and the like. It can be configured as a set of processes or functions on an electronic computer or sequencer having a general configuration. Further, the present invention is not limited to the above configuration and can be variously modified. For example, the carbonization means 11 and the combustion means 21 are not limited to heaters based on electric power (carbonization heaters, combustion heaters), and other heating means that can define and measure the energy input rate, such as a gas burner, can be used.

The control block diagram of the garbage carbonization apparatus of this invention. The schematic flowchart of the carbonization process in an apparatus same as the above. The flowchart which described in detail the dry distillation gas generation amount control in the same flowchart. The graph which shows the example of the dependence relationship of the combustion gas temperature with respect to air ratio. The typical block diagram of the garbage carbonization apparatus of this invention. The time change graph of the carbonization temperature and combustion temperature in an apparatus same as the above. The time change graph of the input rate of combustion energy and the input rate of carbonization energy in the same apparatus. The time change graph of the combustion temperature and carbonization temperature in the garbage carbonization apparatus which is not optimally controlled. The flowchart of the gas generation amount control based on the conditions A and the conditions B in the garbage carbonization apparatus shown in FIG. The combustion temperature which shows the mode of combustion heater control in an apparatus same as the above, and the time change graph of the increase rate. The time change graph of the carbonization temperature which shows the mode of carbonization heater control in an apparatus same as the above, and its increase rate. The time chart figure which shows the output control of the carbonization heater in the same device. The time chart which shows the output control of the combustion heater in an apparatus same as the above. The graph which shows the heating temperature dependence of the generation rate of the typical dry distillation gas and tar which generate | occur | produce in a carbonization process. (A) is the graph of the thermogravimetric analysis result explaining the thermal decomposition temperature range of salad oil, (b) is the graph of the thermogravimetric analysis result explaining the thermal decomposition temperature range of cooked rice.

Explanation of symbols

1 Garbage Carbonizer 10 Carbonization Chamber (Storage)
11 Carbonization heater (carbonization means)
12 Carbonization temperature detection means 20 Combustion processing chamber (combustion part)
21 Combustion heater (combustion means)
22 Combustion temperature detection means 30 Control means E2 Combustion energy T1 Carbonization temperature T2 Combustion temperature ΔE2 Combustion energy input rate ΔT1 Carbonization temperature increase rate ΔT2 Combustion temperature increase rate

Claims (6)

A storage section for storing garbage, a carbonization means for carbonizing the garbage stored in the storage section, a carbonization temperature detection means for detecting a carbonization temperature during the carbonization, and energy generated in the carbonization process. Combustion means for charging and burning the gas, combustion temperature detection means for detecting the combustion temperature during combustion, carbonization temperature detected by the carbonization temperature detection means, and combustion temperature detected by the combustion temperature detection means And a control means for controlling the combustion means while controlling the carbonization means using as an index, a garbage carbonization apparatus comprising:
The said control means stops the said carbonization means, or reduces the operating rate when the input rate of the energy which the said combustion means inputs becomes below a predetermined value, The garbage carbonization apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned.   2. The garbage carbonization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when the combustion temperature exceeds a predetermined value, the control unit stops the carbonization unit or reduces the operation rate thereof. A storage section for storing garbage, a carbonization means for carbonizing the garbage stored in the storage section, a carbonization temperature detection means for detecting a carbonization temperature during the carbonization, and a gas generated during the carbonization is burned. Combustion means, combustion temperature detection means for detecting the combustion temperature during combustion, and the carbonization means using the carbonization temperature detected by the carbonization temperature detection means and the combustion temperature detected by the combustion temperature detection means as indicators. A garbage carbonizing apparatus comprising: control means for controlling and controlling the combustion means;
The said control means stops the said carbonization means, or reduces the operating rate, when the increase rate of the said combustion temperature is more than predetermined value, The garbage carbonization apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned.   The garbage according to claim 3, wherein the carbonization means is stopped or the operating rate is lowered by the control means when the rate of increase in the combustion temperature is equal to or higher than a predetermined value and the combustion temperature is equal to or higher than a predetermined value. Carbonization equipment. A storage section for storing garbage, a carbonization means for carbonizing the garbage stored in the storage section, a carbonization temperature detection means for detecting a carbonization temperature during the carbonization, and a gas generated during the carbonization is burned. Combustion means, combustion temperature detection means for detecting the combustion temperature during combustion, the carbonization temperature detected by the carbonization temperature detection means and the combustion temperature detected by the combustion temperature detection means as indicators. A garbage carbonizing apparatus comprising: control means for controlling and controlling the combustion means;
The said control means stops the said carbonization means, or reduces the operation rate when the rate of increase of the said carbonization temperature is more than a predetermined value, The garbage carbonization apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned. 6. Garbage according to claim 5, wherein the carbonization means is stopped or the operating rate is lowered by the control means when the rate of increase of the carbonization temperature is not less than a predetermined value and the carbonization temperature is not less than a predetermined value. Carbonization equipment.

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