JP2006232670A - Medicine for nervous disorder - Google Patents

Medicine for nervous disorder Download PDF

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JP2006232670A
JP2006232670A JP2003142266A JP2003142266A JP2006232670A JP 2006232670 A JP2006232670 A JP 2006232670A JP 2003142266 A JP2003142266 A JP 2003142266A JP 2003142266 A JP2003142266 A JP 2003142266A JP 2006232670 A JP2006232670 A JP 2006232670A
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neuropathy
hydrogen atom
hydroxyl group
proanthocyanidins
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Iku Ono
郁 小野
Yoshiro Kitahara
吉朗 北原
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Ajinomoto Co Inc
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Ajinomoto Co Inc
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    • C07D311/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D311/04Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring
    • C07D311/58Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring other than with oxygen or sulphur atoms in position 2 or 4
    • C07D311/60Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring other than with oxygen or sulphur atoms in position 2 or 4 with aryl radicals attached in position 2
    • C07D311/62Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring other than with oxygen or sulphur atoms in position 2 or 4 with aryl radicals attached in position 2 with oxygen atoms directly attached in position 3, e.g. anthocyanidins
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To treat or prevent nervous disorders such as diabetic neuropathy, carpal canal syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, carcinomatous neuropathy and alcoholic neuropathy. <P>SOLUTION: The medicine for nervous disorders comprises proanthocyanidin as an active ingredient. The medicine can be used as a medicine for differentiation and/or proliferation promotion of a nervous sustentacular cell and used for prophylaxis and/or treatment of dyskinesia or sensory disturbance. The medicine is preferably formed in a form of food or beverage. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、神経障害用薬剤、すなわち神経障害の予防又は治療剤に関する。より詳しくは、ポリフェノールのひとつであるプロアントシアニジンを有効成分とする神経障害用薬剤に関する発明であり、その用途は医薬品、食品に係わるものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
感覚障害や運動障害を優位とする神経障害とは、感覚、運動失調などの自覚症状の異状を主徴候とする疾患で、これにより感覚麻痺、痛覚過敏、足壊疽などがもたらされ、日常生活に大きな支障をきたすことが知られている。これらの疾患は主には神経機能の障害に基づくものであるが、神経組織は神経細胞とそのまわりを取り囲むシュワン細胞、あるいはグリア細胞から構成されており、特にシュワン細胞が神経機能の維持に重要な役割を担っていることが知られている(例えば、非特許文献1参照。)。糖尿病性神経障害、手根管症候群、慢性炎症性脱髄性多発神経炎、癌性ニューロパチー、アルコール性ニューロパチーなどでは内分泌・代謝異常、栄養障害、圧迫、炎症などの原因によりシュワン細胞が脱落し神経機能の維持ができなくなることが知られており、シュワン細胞の機能回復によるこれらの疾患の治療、予防法の開発が重要な課題となっている(例えば、非特許文献2参照。)。
【0003】
従来、これらの疾患に対する確立された治療法は存在せず、一般的には対症療法として主に三環系抗うつ剤やビタミン剤、血流改善剤などが用いられている。これらの薬剤は異常な神経刺激伝導を直接あるいは間接的に抑制、あるいは賦活化し、一時的には感覚異常を和らげることが報告されているが神経機能を改善するものではない(例えば、非特許文献3参照。)。また、糖尿病性神経障害に対しては亢進したポリオール代謝経路の抑制による神経機能の改善を目的としてアルドース還元酵素阻害剤が使用される場合があるが、感覚異常に対しては有効性が認められているものの神経機能を改善する十分な効果が得られていない(例えば、非特許文献4参照。)。さらに最近ではこれらの疾患には体内で発生する活性酸素がその進展因子として重要な役割を果たしていることが明らかになってきており、α―リポ酸やトコフェロールなどの抗酸化剤の投与も試みられている。しかし、これらの薬剤でも自覚症状に一部改善を認めるのみで根本治療としては十分な効果を認めていない(例えば、非特許文献5参照。)。
【0004】
プロアントシアニジンはブドウの種子由来のポリフェノールとしてその抗酸化作用は広く知られており、動脈硬化進展抑制効果、胃潰瘍抑制効果、発癌抑制効果などが報告されている(例えば、非特許文献6参照。)。糖尿病性合併症のひとつである糖尿病性白内障に対するプロアントシアニジンの予防または治療効果が開示されている(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。しかしながら、特許文献1には糖尿病性神経障害の改善に関する記載はなく、その他の神経障害に対する予防、治療効果も不明である。特に、抗酸化作用とは関連のない作用としてのシュワン細胞の分化・増殖促進作用についてはこれを類推させる報告はまったくない。
【0005】
【非特許文献1】
Eccleston P.A., Regulation of Schwann cell proliferation: mechanisms involved in peripheral nerve development, Exp. Cell Res., 1992年、第199巻、p.1−9
【非特許文献2】
Jessen K. R. 外2名、 Role of cAMP and proliferation controls in Schwan cell differentiation, Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 1991年、第633巻、p.78−98
【非特許文献3】
Peet M., Horrobin D.F. A dose-ranging study of the effects of ethyl-eicosapentaenoate in patients with ongoing depression despite apparently adequate treatment with standard drugs, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 2002年、第59巻、p.913−919
【非特許文献4】
Hotta N.外4名、Clinical investigation of epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, on diabetic neuropathy in Japan: multicenter study, J Diabetes Complications, 1996年、第10巻、p.168−172
【非特許文献5】
Ziegler D. 外6名、Treatment of symptomatic diabetic peripheral neuropathy with the anti-oxidant alpha-lipoic acid, Diabetologia, 1995年、第28巻、p.1425−1433
【非特許文献6】
Mathsumoto T. 外2名、Role of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and oxygen-derived free radicals in the formation of gastric lesions induced by HCl/ethanol, and apossible mechanism of protection by anti-ulcer polysaccharide, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 1993年、第45巻、p.535−539
【特許文献1】
特開2000−44472号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、本発明の課題は、糖尿病性神経障害、手根管症候群、慢性炎症性脱髄性多発神経炎、癌性ニューロパチー、アルコール性ニューロパチーなどの神経障害を治療又は予防するための有効で新規な治療剤及び予防剤を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するために鋭意研究した結果、プロアントシアニジンに神経障害全般に対する治療効果があることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。すなわち、第1の視点において、本発明はプロアントシアニジンを有効成分として含有することを特徴とする神経障害用薬剤を提供するものである。
好ましい実施形態において、本発明に使用するプロアントシアニジンは式:
【0008】
【化3】

Figure 2006232670
(式中、それぞれのRは独立して水素原子又は水酸基であり、それぞれのRは独立して水素原子、水酸基又はガロイルオキシ基であって、Rが水素原子のとき同一の炭素原子に結合するRは水酸基又はガロイルオキシ基であり、Rが水酸基のとき同一の炭素原子に結合するRは水素原子である。また、nは1〜20の整数である。)で表されるプロアントシアニジンオリゴマー若しくはその薬理的に許容される塩、又はそれらの少なくとも1種を含有する植物抽出物である。
【0009】
また、本発明の1つの実施形態において、前記神経障害は糖尿病性神経障害、手根管症候群、慢性炎症性脱髄性多発神経炎、癌性ニューロパチー、及びアルコール性ニューロパチーからなる群から選択される何れかの神経障害である。このような神経障害用薬剤の一日当たりの投与量は、前記プロアントシアニジンオリゴマーとして0.1〜5000mgの範囲内であることが好ましく、より好ましくは、0.1〜300mgである。また、前記薬剤は、神経障害の予防剤又は治療剤として用いることができる。
【0010】
異なる視点において、本発明はプロアントシアニジンを有効成分として含有することを特徴とする神経系支持細胞の分化及び/又は増殖促進用薬剤を提供する。好ましい実施形態において、プロアントシアニジンは上述した通りであり、前記神経系支持細胞はシュワン細胞又はグリア細胞である。従って、1つの実施形態において、本発明の神経系支持細胞の分化及び/又は増殖促進用薬剤は末梢神経障害の予防又は治療剤として使用することができ、特に、運動障害や感覚障害等の末梢神経障害の予防又は治療剤として用いることが好ましい。
【0011】
本発明の他の視点において、上記本発明の神経障害用薬剤又は神経系支持細胞の分化及び/又は増殖促進用薬剤は飲食品の形態にあることを特徴とする。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
[プロアントシアニジンについて]
本明細書において「プロアントシアニジン」とは、複数のフラボン−3−オール単位が結合した構造を有する化合物で、植物中に存在することが知られている一連の化合物である。植物としては、例えば、ブドウ、アズキ、トチ、マツ、カシ、ミチヤナギ、ヤマモモ、大麦、麦芽、メヒルギ、オウラティー、二十日大根、シソ、キャベツ、ダリヤ等が挙げられ、これらの植物体の花、実、種子、果実若しくはそれらの果肉又は皮類、及び根、樹木、樹皮、葉等に存在する。
【0013】
その1つに、複数のフラボン−3−オールが4位と8位の間の単結合、又は4位と6位の間の単結合によって結合している化合物がある。特に二量体及び三量体は、それぞれプロアントシアニジンB及びプロアントシアニジンCと呼ばれ、野菜中に広く存在している。この他に、複数のフラボン−3−オールが互いに2つの結合(エーテル結合と単結合)を介して結合している化合物も存在し、プロアントシアニジンAと呼ばれ、ヤシ科アレカ属の植物や落花生薄皮等に存在することが知られている。さらに、カテキンとその異性体であるエピカテキンの両方から構成され、これらのオリゴマーからなるプロアントシアニジン類を80〜85%含有するフランス海岸松樹皮抽出物がピクノジェノール(商品名)として広く栄養補助食品として使用されている。本明細書における「プロアントシアニジン」はこれらすべてを含むものであり、本発明の薬剤の有効成分として使用することができる。
【0014】
本発明の好ましい態様において、神経障害用薬剤の有効成分として用いられるプロアントシアニジンは、ブドウ(Vitis species)の種子から抽出することができる。このプロアントシアニジンは、C−C又はC−C結合によって連環したフラバン−3−オールユニット((+)カテキンと(−)エピカテキン)の重合体からなる。それらの中にはフラバン−3−オールユニットの3位の水酸基と結合したガロイル残基(すなわち、没食子酸エステルを形成する。)を持つものがあり、その化学構造式は、式:
【0015】
【化4】
Figure 2006232670
(式中、それぞれのRは独立して水素原子又は水酸基であり、それぞれのRは独立して水素原子、水酸基又はガロイルオキシ基であって、Rが水素原子のとき同一の炭素原子に結合するRは水酸基又はガロイルオキシ基であり、Rが水酸基のとき同一の炭素原子に結合するRは水素原子である。また、nは1〜20、好ましくは1〜10の整数である。)で表すことができる。これらは1種又は2種以上の化合物の混合物であってもよい。
【0016】
また、上記化合物は化学合成によって調製することもでき、薬理的に許容される塩の形態、例えば、アルカリ金属塩(ナトリウム塩やカリウム塩等)、アルカリ土類金属塩(カルシウム塩等)、アンモニウム塩、エタノールアミン塩、トリエチルアミン塩、ジシクロヘキシルアミン塩等を含む。
【0017】
本発明の神経障害用薬剤に用いるプロアントシアニジンは、公知の化学的若しくは酵素的合成法又は各種植物体からの抽出法等により得ることができ、例えば、各種植物体又はその破砕物等を溶媒を用いて抽出処理し、得られた抽出物をさらに限外ろ過膜により濃縮するか、液体クロマトグラフィー等により分別精製することによって得ることができる。本発明においては、ブドウの種子を熱水、又は含水アセトン又は含水メタノールにて処理してプロアントシアニジンオリゴマーを抽出し、抽出物又は混合物として得るのが好ましい。
【0018】
より具体的な製造方法としては、英国特許第1541469号明細書や仏国特許第2092743号明細書に記載された方法に従えばよい。例えば、10kgのブドウの種子を20%の水を含むアセトン12リッター(l)中でアセトンの沸点で約4時間浸す。この抽出操作を4回繰り返した後、アセトンを真空で蒸発させ、生じた不純物の沈殿をろ過する。得られた水溶液を水と混じらない有機溶媒、例えば、酢酸エチルで抽出する。有機溶媒を除去して乾燥させた後、乾燥物を675mlの水に溶解させる。これに675mlの飽和食塩水を加えて不純物を沈殿させろ過にて除去する。この水溶液を酢酸エチルで抽出した後、その一部を真空で蒸発させて得られた濃縮液にクロロホルムを加えてプロアントシアニジンオリゴマーを沈殿させる。沈殿をろ過し乾燥することにより約60gのプロアントシアニジンオリゴマーが得られる。
【0019】
このようにして得られた抽出物は、各種の精製操作により精製を行って、精製物又は部分精製物を得てもよい。例えば、特定の分画分子量の限外ろ過膜により分画したり、特定の溶媒で抽出したりする方法が知られている(米国特許第5484594号明細書参照。)。このようにして得られた抽出物又はその精製物は、各種の分析方法にてプロアントシアニジン組成の定量的分析を行うことができる。例えば、セファデックス(登録商標)LH−20クロマトグラフィーで分画し、分離した各画分を高速液体クロマトグラフィーUV検出器(HPLC-UV)、ゲルろ過クロマトグラフィーUV検出器(GPC)、高速液体クロマトグラフィーMS熱スプレー検出器(TSP-MS)、又はエレクトロスプレーMS検出器(ES-MS)等を用いて分析することができる(Fuzzati, N. et al., The 38th Annual Meeting of American Society of Pharmacognosy, lowa City, July 26-30, 1997)。
【0020】
[対象となる具体的な神経障害について]
本発明の薬剤は神経障害の改善、治療、又は予防を求める動物、特にヒトに適用されるものである。本明細書において、「神経障害」とは、中枢神経障害及び末梢神経障害の両方を含む。中枢神経とは脳や脊髄等の集中神経系の中心部をいい、神経細胞(neuron)とその突起の間を埋めて神経細胞を支持しているグリア細胞等からなる。末梢神経系に存在するグリア細胞をシュワン細胞といい、ミエリン膜と呼ばれる重層構造の細胞膜が神経細胞の軸索の周りを取り巻いて、化学伝達物質の漏出防止、取込み、分解及びイオン濃度の調節をしていると考えられている。従って、本明細書において、「神経細胞(neuron)」とは神経系の基本的な機能である情報伝達細胞を担う細胞をいい、「神経系支持細胞」とは神経細胞を支持しているシュワン細胞やグリア細胞等をいう。
【0021】
糖尿病性神経障害、手根管症候群、慢性炎症性脱髄性多発神経炎、癌性ニューロパチー、アルコール性ニューロパチーをはじめとする多くの末梢神経障害は、しびれや運動麻痺などにより日常生活に支障をきたす。しびれや運動麻痺には末梢神経、特に感覚または運動神経の機能障害が密接に関連している。感覚または運動神経細胞は脊髄あるいは脊髄近傍にその神経細胞体が分布し、軸索を非常に長く伸ばして末梢の皮膚や骨格筋等の標的組織に投射して感覚や運動機能を制御している。このように末梢神経においては一つの細胞体から1m以上もの長い軸索を標的組織に投射する非常に特殊な構造を持つがゆえに、長い軸索は生体内の様々な環境の変化に起因する酸化ストレス、浸透圧ストレス、物理的な障害などのストレスにさらされることになるため、その機能維持には防御機構が必要である。シュワン細胞は長く伸ばした軸索に規則的に配置され、巻きついてミエリン鞘を形成することによって絶縁体となり、神経の興奮伝導が効率的におこなわれている。それと同時に、シュワン細胞はアミノ酸をはじめとするさまざまな栄養素や神経栄養因子などを神経細胞に提供して多くのストレスにさらされる神経細胞の生存や機能の維持を担っている。しかし、圧迫などの物理的な障害、代謝性の異常、炎症、化学物質などによる細胞障害が慢性的に持続するとそれらのストレスを慢性的に受けていたシュワン細胞自身が上述の機能を維持できなくなり変性、脱落する結果を招く。この結果シュワン細胞による神経機能維持が十分に行われなくなり、神経細胞自体も直接的にさまざまなストレスにさらされることになって機能障害を起こしていく。末梢神経の軸索は物理的に切断されても再生し、もともとの標的組織にきちんと再投射し機能を回復させることが知られているが、その際にはシュワン細胞が軸索の再生や進展促進因子を産生し、もとの標的組織までの経路を形成して軸索再生を完了させる。したがって、神経機能の維持、回復にはシュワン細胞の増殖を促進し、ミエリン形成能を高めることが非常に有効であると考えられる。
【0022】
従って、本発明の1つの実施形態として提供される、プロアントシアニジンを有効成分として含有する神経系支持細胞の分化及び/又は増殖促進用薬剤は、特にシュワン細胞の増殖を促進することによって、神経機能を回復させる作用を示す。当該神経機能とは、好ましくはしびれや運動麻痺などを伴う末梢神経機能であり、具体的な症例としては、上述した糖尿病性神経障害、手根管症候群、慢性炎症性脱髄性多発神経炎、癌性ニューロパチー、アルコール性ニューロパチー等が挙げられる。本明細書において、「糖尿病性神経障害」とは、糖尿病において、神経細胞における糖代謝異常あるいは血管障害の結果生じる神経障害をいう。感覚神経、運動神経および自律神経すべての機能に障害が認められ、これらのうち障害される頻度が高いのは感覚神経である。 感覚神経が障害されると「しびれ」、「冷感」、「疼痛」、「知覚過敏」などの症状が発現し、放置すると「知覚消失」、さらには「四肢の壊疽」まで進行する場合がある。 また、自律神経が障害されると「心・血管機能」、「排尿・生殖機能」、「消化器機能」などが低下する。
【0023】
また、「手根管症候群」とは、手のひら側(手根管)を走っている神経が圧迫されて、指先などにしびれなどが生じる神経障害をいう。親指、人差し指、中指、薬指の親指側の半分がしびれたり、知覚が低下し、親指を小指に近づける動作が障害される。手首の手のひら側のしわの部分を叩くと痛みが指先に放散したり、夜間痛みが走ることもある。さらに進行すると、ボタンをかけにくくなったり、モノをつまむなどの動作が困難になる。さらに、「慢性炎症性脱髄性多発神経炎」とは、筋肉を動かす運動神経が傷害されて、急に両手両足に力が入らなくなる病気のうち発病してから1カ月経っても進行する場合をいう。「癌性ニューロパチー」や「アルコール性ニューロパチー」とは、癌やアルコール中毒などに伴って起こる神経障害をいう。
【0024】
[投与量、医薬品の剤型、食品への利用など、具体的な利用形態]
プロアントシアニジンの投与量については疾患の種類、症状の程度、利用の形態、副作用の有無等に応じて適当に選択されるが、経口的に投与する場合は、上述したプロアントシアニジンオリゴマーとしての正味重量で成人一日あたり0.1〜5000mg程度投与することができる。好ましくは、0.1〜300mgである。皮下投与及び腹腔内投与の場合は、成人一日当たり0.01〜500mg、好ましくは0.1〜30mgである。剤型は、たとえば経口投与、腹腔内投与、経皮的投与、吸入投与等各種の投与形態に調製することができる。具体的には適当な固形または液状の形態、たとえば顆粒、粉末、錠剤、カプセル、坐剤、シロップ、ジュース等の飲料、懸濁液等を挙げることができる。また、調味料等にプロアントシアニジン成分を含有させることもできる。これらの製剤には、通常用いられている結合剤、崩壊剤、増粘剤、分散剤、再吸収促進剤、矯味剤、緩衝剤、界面活性剤、溶解補助剤、保存剤、乳化剤、等張化剤、安定化剤、pH調整剤及び賦形剤等を適宜使用してもよい。
【0025】
本発明の1つの実施形態において、プロアントシアニジンを有効成分として含有する神経障害用薬剤又は神経系支持細胞の分化及び/又は増殖促進用薬剤は、飲食品の形態として摂取することが好ましい。飲食品としての使用する場合の形態については、特に制限は無く、例えば、ドリンク剤、固形物、粥状及びゼリー状食品等があり、固形物には製剤として粉剤、顆粒剤,錠剤及びカプセル剤のいずれかの形態に加工したものも含まれる。また、これら本発明に係る有効成分をうどん、そば等の麺類,クッキー、ビスケット、キャンデー、パン、ケーキ、即席粥その他の食品に、また清涼飲料、乳酸飲料その他種々の飲料に添加してもよい。
【0026】
【実施例】
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
【0027】
[実施例1]
自然発症の2型糖尿病モデルであるGoto-Kakizaki(GK)ラットに粉末のプロアントシアニジン(商品名「ロイコセレクト(LEUCOSELECT)」インデナ(indena)社、イタリア)0.04%を含有する餌を24週間摂取させて坐骨神経を採取し、増殖シグナルのマーカーであるcAMPの含量を測定した。採取した坐骨神経は過塩素酸溶液中で粉砕し、遠心して得られた上澄み溶液をアマーシャム(AMERSHAM)社製のcAMPアッセイキットを用いてcAMP含量を測定した。その結果を図1に示した。なお、実験に用いたプロアントシアニジンは、没食子酸(−)エピカテキン、二重合体、三重合体、四重合体及びその没食子酸エステルを約80%、五重合体、六重合体、七重合体及びその没食子酸エステルを約5%、並びに(+)カテキン及び(−)エピカテキン及び没食子酸を約15%含む。
【0028】
図1において、正常対照群としてウィスター系のラット(n=8)を用いた。無処置GKラット群(n=8)では正常ラットに比べて約30%程度までcAMPの含量が低下していた。これに対し、プロアントシアニジンを摂取していたGKラットの群(n=11)では有意にcAMP含量が改善されており、平均値で正常ラットの約160%程度まで上昇していた。これらの結果、プロアントシアニジンを摂取させたGKラットでは坐骨神経のcAMP含量により表されるように、神経組織(神経系の支持細胞)の代謝、増殖が活発となっていることが分かる。
【0029】
[実施例2]
自然発症の2型糖尿病モデルであるGoto-Kakizaki(GK)ラットに0.04%のプロアントシアニジン(実施例1と同じ)を含む餌を24週間摂取させ、尾神経の運動神経伝導速度の変化を経時的に計測し、その結果を図2に示した。図2において、正常対照群としてウィスター系のラット(n=8)を用いた。無処置のGKラット群(n=8)では正常ラットに比べて19週齢以降明らかに運動神経伝導速度の低下が認められた。この低下はプロアントシアニジンを摂取していたGKラット群(n=11)では有意に抑制され、摂取開始7週目以降は完全に正常レベルにまで回復し、その効果はそれ以後実験終了時まで維持された。これらの結果より、プロアントシアニジンを摂取したGKラットでは運動神経機能の改善が認められる。
【0030】
[実施例3]
正常ウィスター系ラットに0.04%のプロアントシアニジン(実施例1と同じ)を含む餌を摂取させた。2週間の予備飼育をおいて、坐骨神経を挫滅して神経因性の運動・感覚機能障害を誘発し、その後、挫滅側後肢の運動神経機能(握力)(図3参照)および感覚神経機能(機械刺激痛覚閾値)(図4参照)を4週間にわたり経時的に測定した.握力は4段階のスコアで評価し、機械刺激痛覚閾値はUgoBasil社のAnalgesy meterにて測定した。
【0031】
図3において正常対照群として用いた無処置ラット(n=10)の握力は一定のスコア3.0を示した。これに対し、坐骨神経を挫滅した群(n=10)では挫滅により握力は完全に消失し2週間後より緩やかに回復したが、プロアントシアニジン摂取ラット(n=10)では1週間後より回復が認められ、回復過程が先行していた。また図4に示すように、これらのラットの機械刺激痛覚閾値は挫滅により偽手術群(n=10)の80%まで低下しており痛覚過敏になっていることが示されたが、通常食摂取群(n=10)では測定期間を通じて65から80%で推移したのに比べ、プロアントシアニジン摂取群(n=10)では2週目以降80から90%と明らかに高めに推移した。これらの結果より、糖尿病モデルラットだけでなく、正常ラットにおいても障害を受けた運動神経機能及び感覚神経機能は、プロアントシアニジンの摂取によって改善することが分かった。
【0032】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたことから、本発明により提供される神経障害用薬剤は、糖尿病性神経障害、手根管症候群、慢性炎症性脱髄性多発神経炎、癌性ニューロパチー、アルコール性ニューロパチー等の神経障害に顕著な効果を奏することが期待され、医薬品、食品への利用が有望である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施例1において、プロアントシアニジン摂取をさせたGKラット由来坐骨神経のcAMP含量測定の結果を示す図である。
【図2】実施例2において、プロアントシアニジン摂取をさせたGKラットの運動神経伝導速度測定の結果を示す図である。
【図3】実施例3において、プロアントシアニジン摂取をさせたラットの坐骨神経挫滅後の握力スコアの結果を示す図である。
【図4】実施例3において、プロアントシアニジン摂取をさせたラットの坐骨神経挫滅後の機械刺激痛覚閾値の結果を示す図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a drug for neuropathy, that is, an agent for preventing or treating neuropathy. More specifically, the present invention relates to a drug for neurological disorders containing proanthocyanidin, one of polyphenols, as an active ingredient, and its use relates to pharmaceuticals and foods.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Neuropathy predominating in sensory disorders and movement disorders is a disease whose main symptoms are abnormalities in subjective symptoms such as sensation and ataxia, which lead to sensory palsy, hyperalgesia, foot gangrene, etc. It is known to cause great troubles. Although these diseases are mainly based on impaired nerve function, the nerve tissue is composed of nerve cells and the surrounding Schwann cells or glial cells, and Schwann cells are particularly important for maintaining nerve function. It is known that it plays a role (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1). In diabetic neuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuritis, cancerous neuropathy, alcoholic neuropathy, etc., Schwann cells fall off due to causes such as endocrine / metabolic disorders, nutritional disorders, compression, inflammation, etc. It is known that the function cannot be maintained, and the development of treatment and prevention methods for these diseases by restoring the function of Schwann cells has become an important issue (for example, see Non-Patent Document 2).
[0003]
Conventionally, there are no established treatments for these diseases, and generally tricyclic antidepressants, vitamins, blood flow improving agents and the like are mainly used as symptomatic treatments. These drugs have been reported to directly or indirectly suppress or activate abnormal nerve stimulation conduction, temporarily relieving sensory abnormalities, but do not improve nerve function (for example, non-patent literature) 3). For diabetic neuropathy, aldose reductase inhibitors may be used for the purpose of improving nerve function by suppressing the enhanced polyol metabolic pathway, but it is effective for sensory abnormalities. However, a sufficient effect for improving the nerve function is not obtained (for example, see Non-Patent Document 4). More recently, it has been clarified that active oxygen generated in the body plays an important role in the progression of these diseases, and administration of antioxidants such as α-lipoic acid and tocopherol has also been attempted. ing. However, even with these drugs, only a partial improvement in subjective symptoms is observed, and a sufficient effect is not recognized as a fundamental treatment (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 5).
[0004]
Proanthocyanidins are widely known as polyphenols derived from grape seeds, and their antioxidant effects are widely known, and their effects on the progression of arteriosclerosis, gastric ulcer, carcinogenesis, and the like have been reported (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 6). . The prevention or treatment effect of proanthocyanidins for diabetic cataract, which is one of diabetic complications, is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 1). However, Patent Document 1 does not describe the improvement of diabetic neuropathy, and the preventive and therapeutic effects for other neuropathies are also unknown. In particular, there is no report that analogizes this with respect to the differentiation / proliferation promoting action of Schwann cells as an action unrelated to the antioxidant action.
[0005]
[Non-Patent Document 1]
Eccleston PA, Regulation of Schwann cell proliferation: mechanisms involved in peripheral nerve development, Exp. Cell Res., 1992, 199, p. 1-9
[Non-Patent Document 2]
Jessen KR and two others, Role of cAMP and proliferation controls in Schwan cell differentiation, Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 1991, 633, p. 78-98
[Non-Patent Document 3]
Peet M., Horrobin DF A dose-ranging study of the effects of ethyl-eicosapentaenoate in patients with ongoing depression despite apparently adequate treatment with standard drugs, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 2002, Vol. 59, p. 913-919
[Non-Patent Document 4]
Hotta N. and 4 others, Clinical investigation of epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, on diabetic neuropathy in Japan: multicenter study, J Diabetes Complications, 1996, Vol. 10, p. 168-172
[Non-Patent Document 5]
Ziegler D. and 6 others, Treatment of symptomatic diabetic peripheral neuropathy with the anti-oxidant alpha-lipoic acid, Diabetologia, 1995, 28, p. 1425-1433
[Non-Patent Document 6]
Mathsumoto T. and two others, Role of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and oxygen-derived free radicals in the formation of gastric lesions induced by HCl / ethanol, and apossible mechanism of protection by anti-ulcer polysaccharide, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 1993, Volume 45, p. 535-539
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-44472 [0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, the subject of the present invention is an effective and novel for treating or preventing neurological disorders such as diabetic neuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuritis, cancer neuropathy, alcoholic neuropathy and the like. It is to provide a therapeutic agent and a preventive agent.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that proanthocyanidins have a therapeutic effect on general neurological disorders, and have completed the present invention. That is, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a neuropathic drug characterized by containing proanthocyanidins as an active ingredient.
In a preferred embodiment, the proanthocyanidins used in the present invention have the formula:
[0008]
[Chemical 3]
Figure 2006232670
(In the formula, each R 1 is independently a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, and each R 2 is independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a galloyloxy group, and when R 1 is a hydrogen atom, R 2 to be bonded is a hydroxyl group or a galloyloxy group, and R 2 bonded to the same carbon atom when R 1 is a hydroxyl group is a hydrogen atom, and n is an integer of 1 to 20. A plant extract containing a proanthocyanidin oligomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or at least one of them.
[0009]
Also, in one embodiment of the present invention, the neuropathy is selected from the group consisting of diabetic neuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuritis, cancerous neuropathy, and alcoholic neuropathy. Any neuropathy. The daily dose of such a drug for neurological disorders is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 5000 mg, more preferably 0.1 to 300 mg as the proanthocyanidin oligomer. In addition, the drug can be used as a preventive or therapeutic agent for neuropathy.
[0010]
In a different viewpoint, the present invention provides a drug for promoting differentiation and / or proliferation of neural support cells, characterized by containing proanthocyanidins as an active ingredient. In a preferred embodiment, the proanthocyanidins are as described above, and the nervous system supporting cells are Schwann cells or glial cells. Therefore, in one embodiment, the agent for promoting differentiation and / or proliferation of nervous system supporting cells of the present invention can be used as a preventive or therapeutic agent for peripheral neuropathy, particularly peripheral components such as movement disorders and sensory disorders. It is preferably used as an agent for preventing or treating neuropathy.
[0011]
In another aspect of the present invention, the agent for neuropathy or the agent for promoting differentiation and / or proliferation of neural support cells of the present invention is in the form of a food or drink.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[About Proanthocyanidins]
In the present specification, “proanthocyanidins” are compounds having a structure in which a plurality of flavon-3-ol units are bonded, and are a series of compounds known to exist in plants. Plants include, for example, grapes, azuki bean, tochi, pine, oak, sweet willow, bayberry, barley, malt, mahilgi, auraty, radish, perilla, cabbage, dahlia, etc. Present in fruits, seeds, fruits or their flesh or skin, and roots, trees, bark, leaves, etc.
[0013]
One of them is a compound in which a plurality of flavon-3-ols are bonded by a single bond between the 4-position and the 8-position or a single bond between the 4-position and the 6-position. In particular, dimer and trimer are called proanthocyanidin B and proanthocyanidin C, respectively, and are widely present in vegetables. In addition, there is a compound in which a plurality of flavon-3-ols are bonded to each other via two bonds (an ether bond and a single bond), which is called proanthocyanidin A, and is a plant belonging to the genus Aricaaceae and peanuts. It is known to exist in thin skin. Furthermore, French coast pine bark extract, which is composed of both catechin and its isomer epicatechin and contains 80 to 85% of proanthocyanidins consisting of these oligomers, is widely used as a dietary supplement as Pycnogenol (trade name). in use. The “proanthocyanidins” in the present specification include all of these, and can be used as an active ingredient of the drug of the present invention.
[0014]
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, proanthocyanidins used as an active ingredient of a neuropathy drug can be extracted from grape (Vitis species) seeds. This proanthocyanidin consists of a polymer of flavan-3-ol units ((+) catechin and (−) epicatechin) linked together by a C 4 -C 8 or C 4 -C 6 bond. Some of them have a galloyl residue (that forms a gallate ester) bonded to the hydroxyl group at the 3-position of the flavan-3-ol unit, and the chemical structural formula thereof is:
[0015]
[Formula 4]
Figure 2006232670
(In the formula, each R 1 is independently a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, and each R 2 is independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a galloyloxy group, and when R 1 is a hydrogen atom, R 2 to be bonded is a hydroxyl group or a galloyloxy group, and R 2 bonded to the same carbon atom when R 1 is a hydroxyl group is a hydrogen atom, and n is an integer of 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 10. .). These may be a mixture of one or more compounds.
[0016]
The above compounds can also be prepared by chemical synthesis, and are in the form of pharmacologically acceptable salts such as alkali metal salts (sodium salt, potassium salt, etc.), alkaline earth metal salts (calcium salt, etc.), ammonium Salt, ethanolamine salt, triethylamine salt, dicyclohexylamine salt and the like.
[0017]
Proanthocyanidins used in the neuropathy agent of the present invention can be obtained by a known chemical or enzymatic synthesis method or extraction method from various plant bodies. For example, various plant bodies or crushed materials thereof are used as solvents. The resulting extract can be further concentrated by an ultrafiltration membrane, or can be obtained by fractional purification by liquid chromatography or the like. In the present invention, grape seeds are preferably treated with hot water, water-containing acetone or water-containing methanol to extract proanthocyanidin oligomers, and obtained as an extract or a mixture.
[0018]
As a more specific production method, the method described in British Patent No. 1541469 or French Patent No. 2092743 may be followed. For example, 10 kg of grape seeds are soaked in 12 liters (l) of acetone containing 20% water at the boiling point of acetone for about 4 hours. After this extraction operation is repeated four times, acetone is evaporated in vacuum and the resulting precipitate of impurities is filtered. The resulting aqueous solution is extracted with an organic solvent that is not miscible with water, for example, ethyl acetate. After removing the organic solvent and drying, the dried product is dissolved in 675 ml of water. To this, 675 ml of saturated saline is added to precipitate impurities, which are removed by filtration. After extracting this aqueous solution with ethyl acetate, chloroform is added to the concentrate obtained by evaporating a part of the solution in vacuo to precipitate a proanthocyanidin oligomer. About 60 g of proanthocyanidin oligomer is obtained by filtering and drying the precipitate.
[0019]
The extract thus obtained may be purified by various purification operations to obtain a purified product or a partially purified product. For example, a method of fractionation using an ultrafiltration membrane having a specific fractional molecular weight or extraction with a specific solvent is known (see US Pat. No. 5,484,594). The extract thus obtained or its purified product can be quantitatively analyzed for the proanthocyanidin composition by various analysis methods. For example, the fraction is separated by Sephadex (registered trademark) LH-20 chromatography, and the separated fractions are subjected to high performance liquid chromatography UV detector (HPLC-UV), gel filtration chromatography UV detector (GPC), high performance liquid. Analysis can be performed using a chromatographic MS thermal spray detector (TSP-MS) or an electrospray MS detector (ES-MS) (Fuzzati, N. et al., The 38th Annual Meeting of American Society of Pharmacognosy, lowa City, July 26-30, 1997).
[0020]
[Specific target neurological disorders]
The medicament of the present invention is applied to animals, particularly humans, who seek improvement, treatment or prevention of neuropathy. As used herein, “neuropathy” includes both central and peripheral neuropathy. The central nerve refers to the central part of the central nervous system such as the brain and spinal cord, and is composed of glial cells that support neurons by filling between neurons and their processes. The glial cells that exist in the peripheral nervous system are called Schwann cells, and a multi-layered cell membrane called myelin membrane surrounds nerve cell axons to prevent leakage, uptake, degradation, and regulation of ion concentrations of chemical mediators. It is believed that Therefore, in this specification, “neuron” refers to a cell that carries information transmission cells, which is a basic function of the nervous system, and “neural support cell” refers to Schwann that supports nerve cells. It refers to cells and glial cells.
[0021]
Many peripheral neuropathies, including diabetic neuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuritis, cancerous neuropathy, and alcoholic neuropathy, interfere with daily life due to numbness and motor paralysis . Numbness and motor paralysis are closely associated with impairment of peripheral nerves, especially sensory or motor nerves. Sensory or motor neurons are distributed in the spinal cord or in the vicinity of the spinal cord, and the axons are stretched very long and projected onto target tissues such as peripheral skin and skeletal muscle to control sensory and motor functions. . In this way, the peripheral nerve has a very special structure that projects a long axon of 1 m or more from one cell body to the target tissue. Therefore, long axons are oxidized due to various environmental changes in the living body. Since it will be exposed to stress such as stress, osmotic stress, and physical disorder, a defense mechanism is required to maintain its function. Schwann cells are regularly arranged on long axons and wrap around to form a myelin sheath to become an insulator, which efficiently excites nerves. At the same time, Schwann cells provide various nutrients such as amino acids and neurotrophic factors to nerve cells, and are responsible for maintaining the survival and function of neurons exposed to many stresses. However, when physical damage such as pressure, metabolic abnormalities, inflammation, and chemical damage, etc. continue chronically, Schwann cells that have been chronically stressed cannot maintain the functions described above. This will result in denaturation and loss. As a result, nerve functions are not sufficiently maintained by Schwann cells, and nerve cells themselves are directly exposed to various stresses, causing functional impairment. Peripheral nerve axons are known to regenerate even when physically cut, and are properly re-projected to the original target tissue to restore function, but at that time Schwann cells regenerate and develop axons Produces facilitators and forms a pathway to the original target tissue to complete axonal regeneration. Therefore, it is considered that it is very effective to promote the proliferation of Schwann cells and enhance the ability to form myelin in maintaining and restoring the nerve function.
[0022]
Therefore, the agent for promoting differentiation and / or proliferation of nervous system supporting cells containing proanthocyanidins as an active ingredient, which is provided as one embodiment of the present invention, particularly promotes the proliferation of Schwann cells, thereby enhancing the neural function. The action which restores is shown. The nerve function is preferably a peripheral nerve function accompanied by numbness, motor paralysis, and the like. Specific examples include diabetic neuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuritis, Examples thereof include cancerous neuropathy and alcoholic neuropathy. As used herein, “diabetic neuropathy” refers to a neuropathy resulting from abnormal sugar metabolism or vascular disorders in nerve cells in diabetes. Sensory nerves, motor nerves and autonomic nerves are all impaired, and sensory nerves are the most frequently damaged. When sensory nerves are impaired, symptoms such as “numbness”, “coldness”, “pain”, and “hypersensitivity” may occur, and if left untreated, they may progress to “loss of perception” and even “gangrene of the limbs” is there. In addition, when the autonomic nerve is impaired, “cardiac / vascular function”, “urination / reproductive function”, “digestive system function”, and the like decrease.
[0023]
“Carpal tunnel syndrome” refers to a neurological disorder in which a nerve running on the palm side (carpal tunnel) is compressed, causing numbness in a fingertip or the like. The half of the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and ring finger on the thumb side is numb, or perception is reduced, and movement of bringing the thumb closer to the little finger is obstructed. If you hit the wrinkle on the palm side of your wrist, the pain may be dissipated to your fingertips, or night pain may run. As it further progresses, it becomes difficult to push buttons or pinch things. Furthermore, “chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuritis” refers to a case in which the motor nerves that move the muscles are injured and the disease suddenly fails to apply force to both hands and feet and progresses even one month after onset. Say. “Cancer neuropathy” or “alcoholic neuropathy” refers to a neurological disorder caused by cancer or alcoholism.
[0024]
[Specific usage forms such as dosage, pharmaceutical dosage form, food use]
The dose of proanthocyanidins is appropriately selected according to the type of disease, the degree of symptoms, the mode of use, the presence or absence of side effects, etc., but when administered orally, the net weight as the above-mentioned proanthocyanidin oligomer Can be administered at about 0.1 to 5000 mg per adult day. Preferably, it is 0.1-300 mg. In the case of subcutaneous administration and intraperitoneal administration, it is 0.01 to 500 mg, preferably 0.1 to 30 mg per day for an adult. The dosage form can be prepared in various dosage forms such as oral administration, intraperitoneal administration, transdermal administration, and inhalation administration. Specific examples include solid or liquid forms such as granules, powders, tablets, capsules, suppositories, syrups, juices and other beverages, and suspensions. Moreover, a proanthocyanidin component can also be included in seasonings and the like. These preparations include commonly used binders, disintegrants, thickeners, dispersants, reabsorption accelerators, flavoring agents, buffers, surfactants, solubilizers, preservatives, emulsifiers, isotonic agents. Agents, stabilizers, pH adjusters, excipients and the like may be used as appropriate.
[0025]
In one embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable to take a drug for neuropathy or a drug for promoting differentiation and / or proliferation of neural support cells containing proanthocyanidins as an active ingredient in the form of a food or drink. There is no restriction | limiting in particular about the form in the case of using as food-drinks, For example, there exist a drink, a solid, a candy-like, jelly-like food, etc., and powder, a granule, a tablet, and a capsule are prepared as a formulation in a solid Those processed into any of these forms are also included. In addition, these active ingredients according to the present invention may be added to noodles such as udon, soba, cookies, biscuits, candy, bread, cakes, instant coffee and other foods, soft drinks, lactic acid beverages and other various beverages. .
[0026]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0027]
[Example 1]
Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat, a spontaneous type 2 diabetes model, is fed a diet containing 0.04% of powdered proanthocyanidins (trade name “LEUCOSELECT”, Indena, Italy) for 24 weeks The sciatic nerve was collected after ingestion, and the content of cAMP, a marker of proliferation signal, was measured. The collected sciatic nerve was pulverized in a perchloric acid solution, and the cAMP content of the supernatant solution obtained by centrifugation was measured using a cAMP assay kit manufactured by AMERSHAM. The results are shown in FIG. The proanthocyanidins used in the experiment were about 80% gallic acid (-) epicatechin, dipolymer, tripolymer, tetrapolymer and its gallate ester, pentapolymer, hexapolymer, heptapolymer and the like. About 5% gallate and about 15% (+) catechin and (−) epicatechin and gallic acid.
[0028]
In FIG. 1, Wistar rats (n = 8) were used as a normal control group. In the untreated GK rat group (n = 8), the content of cAMP was reduced to about 30% compared to the normal rat. On the other hand, in the group of GK rats (n = 11) who had taken proanthocyanidins, the cAMP content was significantly improved, and the average value increased to about 160% of normal rats. From these results, it can be seen that in the GK rat ingested with proanthocyanidins, the metabolism and proliferation of nerve tissue (nerve system supporting cells) are active as represented by the cAMP content of the sciatic nerve.
[0029]
[Example 2]
A diet containing 0.04% proanthocyanidins (same as in Example 1) was fed to Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a spontaneous type 2 diabetes model, for 24 weeks, and changes in the motor nerve conduction velocity of the tail nerve were observed. The measurement was performed over time, and the results are shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, Wistar rats (n = 8) were used as a normal control group. In the untreated GK rat group (n = 8), a decrease in motor nerve conduction velocity was clearly observed after 19 weeks of age compared to normal rats. This decrease was significantly suppressed in the GK rat group (n = 11) who had taken proanthocyanidins, and recovered to the normal level after 7 weeks from the start of the intake, and the effect was maintained until the end of the experiment thereafter. It was done. From these results, improvement in motor nerve function is observed in GK rats ingested proanthocyanidins.
[0030]
[Example 3]
Normal Wistar rats were fed a diet containing 0.04% proanthocyanidins (same as in Example 1). After 2 weeks of pre-breeding, the sciatic nerve is annihilated to induce neurogenic motor and sensory dysfunction, and then the motor nerve function (grip strength) (see Fig. 3) and sensory nerve function (see Fig. 3) The mechanical stimulation pain threshold (see Fig. 4) was measured over time for 4 weeks. The grip strength was evaluated by a four-point score, and the mechanical stimulation pain threshold was measured with an analgesy meter of UgoBasil.
[0031]
In FIG. 3, the grip strength of the untreated rats (n = 10) used as the normal control group showed a constant score of 3.0. In contrast, in the group (n = 10) in which the sciatic nerve was annihilated, the grip strength disappeared completely due to the annihilation and recovered more slowly after 2 weeks, but in the proanthocyanidin-ingested rats (n = 10), there was an improvement after 1 week. The recovery process was preceded. In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, the mechanically stimulated pain threshold of these rats was reduced to 80% of the sham-operated group (n = 10) due to extinction, indicating that hyperalgesia was observed. In the intake group (n = 10), the proanthocyanidin intake group (n = 10) changed from 80 to 90% after the second week, compared with 65 to 80% throughout the measurement period. From these results, it was found that the motor and sensory nerve functions that were impaired in normal rats as well as diabetes model rats were improved by ingestion of proanthocyanidins.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
From the above, the neuropathy agent provided by the present invention is effective for neuropathy such as diabetic neuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuritis, cancer neuropathy, alcoholic neuropathy and the like. Expected to have remarkable effects, it is promising for use in medicines and foods.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 is a graph showing the results of measurement of cAMP content of GK rat-derived sciatic nerves ingested with proanthocyanidins in Example 1. FIG.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of motor nerve conduction velocity measurement in GK rats ingested with proanthocyanidins in Example 2.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of grip strength scores after crushing of the sciatic nerve in rats fed with proanthocyanidins in Example 3.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of mechanical stimulation pain threshold after crushing the sciatic nerve of rats fed with proanthocyanidins in Example 3.

Claims (11)

プロアントシアニジンを有効成分として含有することを特徴とする神経障害用薬剤。A drug for neuropathy comprising proanthocyanidins as an active ingredient. 前記プロアントシアニジンが、式:
Figure 2006232670
(式中、それぞれのRは独立して水素原子又は水酸基であり、それぞれのRは独立して水素原子、水酸基又はガロイルオキシ基であって、Rが水素原子のとき同一の炭素原子に結合するRは水酸基又はガロイルオキシ基であり、Rが水酸基のとき同一の炭素原子に結合するRは水素原子である。また、nは1〜20の整数である。)で表されるプロアントシアニジンオリゴマー若しくはその薬理的に許容される塩、又はそれらの少なくとも1種を含有する植物抽出物である請求項1に記載の神経障害用薬剤。
The proanthocyanidins have the formula:
Figure 2006232670
(In the formula, each R 1 is independently a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, and each R 2 is independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a galloyloxy group, and when R 1 is a hydrogen atom, R 2 to be bonded is a hydroxyl group or a galloyloxy group, and R 2 bonded to the same carbon atom when R 1 is a hydroxyl group is a hydrogen atom, and n is an integer of 1 to 20. The agent for neuropathy according to claim 1, which is a plant extract containing a proanthocyanidin oligomer or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, or at least one of them.
前記神経障害が、糖尿病性神経障害、手根管症候群、慢性炎症性脱髄性多発神経炎、癌性ニューロパチー、及びアルコール性ニューロパチーからなる群から選択される何れかの神経障害である請求項1又は2に記載の神経障害用薬剤。2. The neuropathy is any neuropathy selected from the group consisting of diabetic neuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuritis, cancerous neuropathy, and alcoholic neuropathy. Or 2. The neuropathy agent according to 2. 一日当たりの投与量が、前記プロアントシアニジンオリゴマーとして0.1〜5000mgの範囲内である請求項2又は3に記載の神経障害用薬剤。The drug for neurological disorders according to claim 2 or 3, wherein a daily dose is in the range of 0.1 to 5000 mg as the proanthocyanidin oligomer. 神経障害の予防剤又は治療剤である請求項1〜4の何れか1項に記載の神経障害用薬剤。The agent for neuropathy according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is a preventive or therapeutic agent for neuropathy. プロアントシアニジンを有効成分として含有することを特徴とする神経系支持細胞の分化及び/又は増殖促進用薬剤。A drug for promoting differentiation and / or proliferation of nervous system supporting cells, comprising proanthocyanidins as an active ingredient. 前記プロアントシアニジンが、式:
Figure 2006232670
(式中、それぞれのRは独立して水素原子又は水酸基であり、それぞれのRは独立して水素原子、水酸基又はガロイルオキシ基であって、Rが水素原子のとき同一の炭素原子に結合するRは水酸基又はガロイルオキシ基であり、Rが水酸基のとき同一の炭素原子に結合するRは水素原子である。また、nは1〜20の整数である。)で表されるプロアントシアニジンオリゴマー若しくはその薬理的に許容される塩、又はそれらの少なくとも1種を含有する植物抽出物である請求項6に記載の薬剤。
The proanthocyanidins have the formula:
Figure 2006232670
(In the formula, each R 1 is independently a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, and each R 2 is independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a galloyloxy group, and when R 1 is a hydrogen atom, R 2 to be bonded is a hydroxyl group or a galloyloxy group, and R 2 bonded to the same carbon atom when R 1 is a hydroxyl group is a hydrogen atom, and n is an integer of 1 to 20. The agent according to claim 6, which is a plant extract containing a proanthocyanidin oligomer or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, or at least one of them.
前記神経系支持細胞が、シュワン細胞又はグリア細胞である請求項6又は7に記載の薬剤。The drug according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the neural support cells are Schwann cells or glial cells. 末梢神経障害の予防又は治療剤である請求項6〜8何れか1項に記載の薬剤。The drug according to any one of claims 6 to 8, which is a preventive or therapeutic agent for peripheral neuropathy. 前記末梢神経障害が、運動障害又は感覚障害である請求項9に記載の薬剤。The drug according to claim 9, wherein the peripheral neuropathy is a movement disorder or a sensory disorder. 飲食品の形態にあることを特徴とする請求項1〜10の何れか1項に記載の薬剤。It exists in the form of food-drinks, The chemical | medical agent of any one of Claims 1-10 characterized by the above-mentioned.
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