JP2006226754A - River flow rate observation system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a system capable of determining a flow velocity distribution at each part of a river by using an inexpensive flow velocity detection element, and measuring accurately the river flow rate based on the result. <P>SOLUTION: This river flow rate observation system is characterized by being equipped with a measurement data acquisition means for arranging a plurality of flow velocity detection elements at each different depth respectively in the vertical direction in view of a cross section of the river, and acquiring measurement data including flow velocity information detected respectively by each flow velocity detection element and discrimination information for discriminating each flow velocity detection element; a flow velocity information correction means for correcting the flow velocity information detected by each flow velocity detection element by using a correction value set beforehand in each flow velocity detection element; and an output means for displaying and outputting the flow velocity distribution at each part of the river in view of the cross section of the river. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a river flow rate observation system that is used for river management and can measure the flow rate of a river in almost real time.

Understanding river flow is one of the most important issues in river management. For example, in the case of torrential rain, on-time understanding of the river flow along the river basin to be warned is extremely useful for disaster prevention. In the system that predicts the river flow rate and the water level in each part of the river from the rainfall, facilities for measuring the river flow rate are also required. If river flow can be measured accurately, it will be useful for river improvement plans, dam construction plans, water utilization, river water quality management, and research on the relationship between vegetation and ecosystems and river flow. For this purpose, various methods for measuring river flow have been developed (see Patent Documents 1 to 5).
JP 2004-117119 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-14868 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-356834 JP-A-9-196727 JP-A-10-197299

Here, the conventional river flow observation system has the following problems to be solved.
As described in the above patent documents, the conventional measuring method using video cameras, water level gauges, radar observation, ultrasonic water depth measurement, floats, etc., makes the apparatus large when trying to measure the river flow rate with high accuracy. There was a problem that the equipment cost was high. In addition, there are problems to be solved in terms of safety because the staff operates the measuring device in the field for measurement work and acquisition of measurement data.

The present invention has been made paying attention to the above points, and provides a system capable of obtaining the flow velocity distribution of each part of the river using an inexpensive flow velocity detection element and accurately measuring the river flow based on the result. With the goal.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a system that can automatically collect measurement data and monitor a river flow remotely.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a system capable of correcting a variation in measurement data caused by a large number of flow velocity detection elements and obtaining a flow velocity distribution viewed from a cross section of a river with practically sufficient accuracy.

In each embodiment of the present invention, the above-described problems are solved by the following configurations.
<Configuration 1>
A plurality of flow velocity detection elements are arranged at different depths in the vertical direction as seen from the cross section of the river, and flow velocity information detected by each flow velocity detection element and identification information for identifying each flow velocity detection element are included. From measurement data acquisition means for acquiring measurement data, flow velocity information correction means for correcting flow velocity information detected by each of the flow velocity detection elements using a correction value set in advance for each detection element, and from a cross section of the river A river flow rate observation system comprising output means for displaying and outputting the flow velocity distribution of each part of the river.

<Configuration 2>
In the river flow observation system according to Configuration 1, the cross section of the river is horizontally divided on the basis of the depth at which the flow velocity detecting elements are arranged, and the flow velocity detection corresponding to the divided cross-sectional area of each region is performed. A partial flow rate calculating means for calculating a partial flow rate in the corresponding area based on flow velocity information detected by the element; and a totaling means for calculating the flow rate in the cross section of the entire river by cumulatively adding the calculated partial flow rates for all areas. A river flow rate observation system comprising: output means for outputting a flow rate in the above-mentioned cross section of the entire aggregated river.

<Configuration 3>
In the river flow observation system according to Configuration 1, units in which a plurality of flow velocity detecting elements are arranged at different depths in the vertical direction as viewed from the cross section of the river are different from each other in the horizontal direction as viewed from the cross section of the river. A river flow rate observation system, characterized by having multiple locations.

<Configuration 4>
In the river flow observation system according to Configuration 1, the cross section of the river is vertically divided, and the corresponding vertical divided region is determined by the sectional area of each divided vertical divided region and the vertical flow velocity distribution detected by the flow velocity detecting element. A partial flow rate calculating means for calculating the partial flow rate, a totaling means for cumulatively adding the calculated partial flow rates for all regions to calculate the flow rate in the cross section of the entire river, and the cross section of the total river flow A river flow rate observation system comprising output means for outputting a flow rate in the river.

<Configuration 5>
In the river flow observation system according to Configuration 1, with reference to the storage means that stores the cross-sectional information of the river and the measurement data, the position information of the difference in flow velocity information between adjacent flow velocity detection elements is equal to or greater than a threshold value. By reading the boundary information acquisition means for acquiring all and the river cross section information stored in the storage device, and displaying the position information acquired by the boundary information acquisition means on the river cross section, the river A river flow rate observation system comprising: state information generating means for displaying the water surface and / or river bed position of the water and output means for outputting the generated state information.

<Configuration 6>
In the river flow observation system according to any one of Structures 1 to 5, each flow velocity detection element is set to detect a flow velocity in a unique predetermined direction, and the measurement data includes the detection direction information. River flow observation system characterized by

<Configuration 7>
In the river flow observation system according to Configuration 1, a flow velocity distribution curve in the horizontal plane of the river is obtained from the output of the flow velocity detection element, and the partial flow rate in the horizontal plane is calculated by integrating the flow velocity distribution curve in the river width direction. A flow rate calculation means, a summation means for calculating the flow rate in the cross section of the entire river by cumulatively adding the calculated partial flow rates for all regions in the vertical direction, and outputting the flow rate in the cross section of the total river A river flow rate observation system characterized by comprising an output means.

<Configuration 8>
In the river flow observation system according to Configuration 1, a flow velocity distribution curve in the vertical plane of the river is obtained from the output of the flow velocity detection element, and the partial flow in the vertical plane is obtained by integrating the flow velocity distribution curve in the vertical direction. A partial flow rate calculation means for calculating, a totaling means for cumulatively adding the calculated partial flow rates for all regions in the river width direction to calculate a flow rate in the cross section of the entire river, and a total cross section of the total river in the cross section A river flow rate observation system comprising output means for outputting a flow rate.

<Configuration 9>
In the river flow rate observation system described in Configuration 1, the flow rates in the cross section of the entire river are totaled from the counting means described in Configuration 7 and the counting device described in Configuration 8, respectively, and data of one flow rate is obtained. A river flow observation system, which is supplemented with the data of the other flow.

[System overview]
(A) of FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a river, and (b) and (c) are cross-sectional views of the river during normal times and when water increases.
In the present invention, the water flow velocity is automatically measured at multiple points in any location in the basin of the river 10 as shown in FIG. The river 10 has a bridge 12 in its basin. For example, the river flow rate observation systems 13 and 14 of the present invention are installed on some of these bridges 12. The river flow rate observation system 13 and the river flow rate observation system 14 installed at different locations are connected by optical fiber cables 16, and the river / road office 15 collects and analyzes the measurement data acquired from each system. Perform processing. Note that data transmission between the river flow observation system 13, the river flow observation system 14, and the river / road office 15 can use a wireless communication network such as a cellular phone communication network, as will be described later. .

  The cross section of the river 10 is, for example, as shown in (b) or (c) of FIG. In the transverse cross-sectional view 20 of the river, the water surface 22 is at a sufficiently low position with respect to the river bed 21 during normal times when the amount of water in the river 10 is small. On the other hand, when the amount of water increases due to heavy rain, the position of the water surface 22 rises to just below the embankment as shown in FIG.

  In this system, as shown in FIG. 1C, a plurality of flow velocity detecting elements 26 are arranged at different depths in the vertical direction as seen from the cross section of the river 10, and the flow velocity according to the water depth is measured. In the example of FIG. 1, the flow velocity detection elements 26 are two-dimensionally arranged in the vertical direction Y and the horizontal direction X so that the flow rate of the entire basin can be detected even when the water increases.

[Flow velocity detection element]
2A is a side view showing a pier with a flow velocity detecting element attached thereto, and FIG. 2B is a top view showing a flow velocity detecting element portion.
FIG. 2A is a view of the bridge pier 30 as viewed from the side when the bridge is cut along the flow of the river 10, and the river water flows from the left to the right in the figure. The flow velocity detection elements 26 are fixed at equal intervals in the vertical direction with respect to the support body 25. The support body 25 is fixed to the pier 30 using a band 31. As shown in FIG. 2B, an L-shaped metal fitting 33 is fixed to the support body 25, and the bullet-type flow velocity detecting element 26 has its tip directed in the flow direction so that the L-shaped metal fitting 33 is provided. Are fixed one by one using a clamp 34. The clamp 34 is composed of any known detachable fixing mechanism that allows the flow velocity detecting element 26 to be replaced at any time. If the support 25 is sufficiently strong, it may be installed at any location in the river. In this example, piers were used to ensure strength.

  Each flow velocity detection element 26 measures the flow velocity of the river 10 continuously or at predetermined time intervals to generate flow velocity information. The flow velocity information output from each flow velocity detection element includes identification information for identifying each flow velocity detection element. The flow velocity information is numerical information such as how many meters of water per second flows in a predetermined direction. The identification information consists of symbols and numbers that can identify each flow velocity detection element, for example, a combination of a symbol indicating an observation point, a symbol identifying a unit, and a serial number assigned to all flow velocity detection elements, The content information is “YAMA-U01-03”.

  Each flow velocity detection element 26 independently detects the flow velocity. It is not easy to set the detection characteristics of all the flow velocity detection elements 26. Even if manufactured with the same specifications, the detection characteristics may vary depending on the installation conditions. It is expected that variations will be more severe with different specifications. It does not require measurement with higher accuracy than necessary, and it is only necessary to obtain almost valid measurement data as a whole. Detection and processing are performed under extremely severe conditions because driftwood and earth and sand collide before and after the flood. Therefore, it may be damaged during use, making measurement impossible. Therefore, the flow velocity information obtained when the flow velocity detection element is attached in advance is compared with, for example, the flow velocity information of a neighboring flow velocity detection element, and a correction value for individually optimizing the flow velocity information is set. . If reasonable data cannot be obtained even after correction, it may be determined as a failure.

  Each flow rate detecting element 26 is made to be able to be replaced individually when a failure occurs or the operation becomes unstable. When the replacement is performed, a correction value for optimizing the flow velocity information may be set for the new flow velocity detection element 26 again.

[Flow calculation]
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a river flow rate calculation method.
According to the flow velocity detection element 26 described above, a measurement data group in which the flow velocity at each part of the cross section of the river is detected is obtained. The river flow is calculated from this measurement data group. First, consider the case where the flow velocity detection elements 26 are arranged on the support 25 in a single vertical line as shown in FIG. The cross section of the river is divided horizontally with reference to the depth at which each flow velocity detection element 26 is arranged. The dividing line is indicated by a broken line in the figure.

  That is, assuming that one flow velocity detection element detects an average flow velocity at a depth in the vicinity of the flow velocity detection element, the cross section of the river is divided by a horizontal line for each flow velocity detection element. Allocate areas one by one. In FIG. 3A, as an example, the second region 36 counted from the water surface 22 is hatched. When the product of the sectional area of each divided region and the flow velocity information detected by the corresponding flow velocity detection element is obtained, the flow rate flowing through that region can be calculated. This is the partial flow rate. If the calculated partial flow rate is cumulatively added for all regions, the flow rate in the cross section of the entire river can be calculated. If this is output, the river flow rate can be observed in real time. When each flow velocity detection element does not indicate the average flow velocity at that depth, it may be corrected using the correction value.

  Moreover, it is preferable to prepare a plurality of units as shown in FIG. 3B, with one unit having a plurality of flow velocity detection elements arranged at different depths in the vertical direction. The flow velocity detecting element 26 supported by one support 25 is one unit. These units are arranged at appropriate intervals in the horizontal direction when viewed from the cross section of the river. In the example of FIG. 3B, 3 units are arranged. One unit arranges the flow velocity detecting element in one dimension in the water depth direction, and arranges the flow velocity detecting element in two dimensions in a plurality of units.

  According to the flow velocity detecting element group arranged two-dimensionally, the flow velocity can be measured independently at many points not only in the depth direction of the river but also in the width direction. In order to obtain the flow rate, the cross section of the river is divided into vertical and horizontal lines by a plurality of vertical and horizontal lines, and one region is assigned to each flow velocity detection element. In FIG. 3B, as an example, one region 37 closest to the water surface 22 in the center is hatched. The partial flow rate is calculated by calculating the product of the flow velocity and the area of each region. If this partial flow is cumulatively added, the flow seen from the cross section of the river can be calculated.

  In FIG. 3B, the flow of water is fastest near the middle of the river, and the flow of water is slower as it is closer to the riverbank. This tendency can be almost identified by each measurement location of the river. As shown in FIG. 3B, for example, if three sets of units are arranged in the middle of the river and near both banks, and the respective flow velocities are obtained, a rough flow velocity distribution characteristic 42 in the river width direction is calculated. Required by processing. Therefore, the measurement value of each unit is converted using appropriate correction information, and the flow rate calculation considering such flow velocity distribution characteristics becomes possible.

[Correction of measurement data]
The cross section of a river may change significantly due to increased water or sediment flow. At this time, in order to accurately calculate the flow rate of the river, the flow rate information of the flow rate detection elements arranged two-dimensionally by the above system is compared. When the difference in flow velocity information between adjacent flow velocity detection elements is sufficiently large, it may be determined that one is above the water surface, or one is in contact with or buried in the river bed. There is a water surface and riverbed between or very close to both. Therefore, a comparison calculation process is performed with a threshold value, and when the difference between the flow rate information values of adjacent flow rate detection elements is equal to or greater than the threshold value, for example, the position information of the flow rate detection element with the smaller flow rate information value is acquired. Mark on the river cross section. Due to the closed loop formed by connecting these marks, the water surface and riverbed position of the river can be displayed on the cross-sectional view of the river, and the part where the water actually flows can be distinguished from the other part. The area of this part becomes reference data for calculating the river flow rate.

  For example, when there is a heavy debris flow, it is difficult to detect the position of the river bed using either floats or ultrasonic waves. However, when using a plurality of flow velocity detection elements as described above and measuring within the range where the flow velocity of each part in water can be measured, the water surface of the river and The riverbed position can be specified. In this way, if the river flow rate can be measured accurately at a specific location, the time change in the measured value can be captured, or similar measurements can be made upstream and downstream of the river to predict water increase and include it in the disaster information. be able to.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of information used when calculating the river flow rate from the measurement data and the calculation processing method.
In the calculation process of the river flow rate, identification information 51, flow rate information 52, correction value 53, area area 54, and partial flow rate 55 are obtained for each flow velocity detection element as shown in FIG. The identification information 51 and the flow velocity information 52 are collected from each flow velocity detection element. The correction value 53 is set individually by specifically comparing the flow velocity information 52 of the adjacent flow velocity detection elements and considering the characteristics of the flow velocity detection elements acquired in advance. The area 54 is calculated in advance from the unit structure for each measurement location, the arrangement interval of the flow velocity detection elements, and the like. The partial flow rate 55 is a result of obtaining the product of the area area 54 after correcting the flow velocity information 52 with the correction value 53. Note that the relationship between the flow direction of the river and the flow rate can be measured in advance, and the flow velocity detection direction can be optimized for each flow velocity detection element. That is, it is not necessary to have all the flow velocity detection elements oriented in the same direction. In this case, correction according to the detection direction is required when calculating the flow rate. Therefore, it is preferable to include detection direction information of the flow velocity detection element in the above data.

  Next, a specific data handling method will be described. As shown in FIG. 4B, for example, it is assumed that flow velocity information 52 is obtained as D1, D2,... D9 as shown in the figure from nine flow velocity detection elements provided in one unit. The length of the arrow corresponds to the detected flow rate. These data D1, D2,... D9 are compared in order from the top. For example, when data D1 and D2 are compared, data D1 is extremely low. Data D2 is a value obtained by measuring a predetermined flow velocity near the water surface. Accordingly, it can be determined that the flow velocity detection element that has output the data D1 is disposed above the water surface position 57.

  As a result, the water surface position of the river can be determined such that water exists below the flow velocity detecting element that outputs the data D2. Further, for example, the actual measurement value of the data D3 is considerably larger than the data D2 as indicated by a black arrow. However, in general, the flow velocity distribution characteristic 41 seen in the vertical direction of the river tends to decrease in flow velocity from the water surface toward the river bed. For this reason, a correction value 53 such as 0.8 is set in advance. Thus, the data D3 is corrected and becomes a value along the flow velocity distribution characteristic 41. In this way, a substantially reasonable output value can be obtained regardless of whether the flow velocity increases or decreases overall. For data D6, the actual measured value is conversely lower than the expected measured value. Therefore, the correction value is corrected to a slightly large value. Further, the data D7 is significantly lower than the output of other elements. This is considered that the flow velocity detection element was damaged for some reason. Therefore, this data is ignored.

  Further, according to the flow velocity distribution characteristic 41, the flow velocity rapidly decreases toward the river bed position 58 as data D8 and data D9. Therefore, the river bed position 58 can be estimated from the values of the data D8 and data D9. With the above processing, the vertical flow velocity distribution could be measured with one unit including nine flow velocity detecting elements. Further, the water surface position 57 and the river bed position 58 could be estimated. If several units are arranged almost parallel to the river width, the water surface position and river bed position in the river width direction can be estimated almost accurately. Using the result, the cross-sectional shape of the river is specified, and the flow rate calculation considering the actual cross-sectional area of the river can be performed.

[System configuration]
FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of a data processing system including a management computer as shown in FIG. 1 in order to execute the arithmetic processing as described above.
A number of the flow velocity detecting elements 26 already described are connected to the local measuring device 60. One measuring device 60 may be provided for each unit, or one measuring device 60 may be provided for two or more units. The flow velocity detection element 26 includes a sensor unit 61, an identification information memory 62, and a measurement data generation unit 63. The sensor unit 61 is a known arbitrary flow rate sensor. There are various types such as a mechanical one and an electric one, but the output data is sent to the measurement data generating unit 63.

  The identification information memory 62 is a device that stores information for distinguishing each flow velocity detection element. The measurement data generation unit 63 generates measurement data that combines the flow velocity information and the identification information. The measurement data acquisition means 65 acquires the measurement data 68 in order from each of a large number of flow velocity detection elements and stores it in the storage device 67. The measurement data 68 is transmitted by the measurement data transmission unit 66. The measurement data transmission unit 66 has, for example, a mobile phone function, and transmits all measurement data 68 stored in the storage device 67 to the management computer 70 by packet transmission.

  The management computer 70 is provided with measurement data receiving means 72, a storage device 73, and an arithmetic processing device 74. In addition, a printer 71 for outputting a calculation processing result is connected. The storage device 73 stores the measurement data 75 transferred from the measurement data receiving means 72. Further, calculation data 76 including the correction value 53 and the area area 54 described above is also stored in the storage device 73. In addition, river cross-section information 77 is also stored.

  The arithmetic processing unit 74 controls a computer program executed in the computer 70 on the management side. Each means shown in the figure is a computer program executed by the arithmetic processing unit 74. Here, a flow rate information correction unit 81, a partial flow rate calculation unit 82, a totaling unit 83, a boundary information acquisition unit 84, a state information generation unit 85, and an output unit 86 are provided. The flow velocity information correction means 81 has a function of correcting the flow velocity information detected by each flow velocity detection element using the correction value already described.

  The partial flow rate calculation means 82 has a function of calculating the partial flow rate of the corresponding region based on the cross-sectional area of the region obtained by dividing the cross section of the river and the flow velocity information detected by the flow velocity detection element as described above. The counting unit 83 has a function of counting the partial flow rates calculated by the partial flow rate calculating unit 82 and outputting the flow rate of the entire river. The boundary information acquisition means 84 has a function of acquiring position information corresponding to a water surface or a river bed by obtaining position information where the difference in flow speed information between adjacent flow speed detection elements is equal to or greater than a threshold value as described above. The state information generating unit 85 has a function of reading the river cross-sectional view information, displaying the position information acquired by the boundary information acquiring unit on the cross-sectional view, and generating information for displaying the water surface and river bed position of the river. The output unit 86 has a function of controlling the display of the printer 71 and the computer 70 and displaying and outputting the calculation processing result.

[System Operation]
6 and 7 are flowcharts of the operation of the above system.
This flowchart shows processing including specific control of each part of the system. First, the first flowchart shows the operation of the measurement data acquisition means 65. First, in step S11, one target flow velocity detection element 26 connected to the measurement data acquisition unit 65 is selected. In step S12, the measurement data is read from the flow velocity detecting element 26. In step S13, the read measurement data is stored in the storage device 67. In step S14, the connection is switched to another flow velocity detection element. Thus, for example, the measurement data of all the flow velocity detection elements included in one unit is stored in the storage device 67 at a constant cycle. In the next cycle, the newly read new measurement data is overwritten in the storage device 67. In this way, control is performed so that the latest measurement data is always stored in the storage device 67.

  The following flowchart shows the operation of the measurement data transmission means 66. The measurement data transmission means 66 periodically transmits the data stored in the storage device 67 at intervals requested by the management side. This period is determined by a program timer (not shown). In step S21, the timer is monitored. In step S22, time-up is detected. In step S23, the measurement data 68 stored in the storage device 67 is read. Then, the e-mail transmission sentence is edited. The measurement data is, for example, an attached file. In step S24, the mail is transmitted using a mobile phone line. For example, if four sets of units attached to a bridge are each equipped with a measuring device having a mobile phone function, the measurement data is transferred to the management computer by e-mail at a predetermined cycle. The flow velocity data of each part can be collected from the cross section of the river at the location of.

  The following flowchart shows the operation of the measurement data receiving means 72. The measurement data receiving means 72 has a mail receiving function. First, in step S31, the received mail is read. In step S32, the measurement data attached to the mail is written into the storage device 73 and stored. At this time, it may be arranged in a predetermined data format so that the arithmetic processing is easy later.

  The flowchart of FIG. 7 shows the operation of the arithmetic processing unit 74 of the management computer. First, in step S <b> 41, the flow velocity information correction unit 81 reads measurement data of the flow velocity detection element from the storage device 73. In step S42, a correction operation is performed using a preset correction value. Further, in step S43, a comparison operation with the measurement data of the adjacent flow velocity detection element is performed. Thus, when the flow velocity detection element is above the river surface or below the river bed, a flag or the like is stored so that the flow rate detection element is excluded from the flow rate calculation target. In step S44, it is determined whether or not the arithmetic processing has been completed for all the flow velocity detection elements. If the result of this determination is yes, the process proceeds to step S45, and if no, the process returns to step S41. In this way, the correction value of the measurement data of all the flow rate detection elements is obtained.

  In step S45, the boundary information acquisition means 84 detects a water surface position and a river bed position. The result is transferred to, for example, the state information generation unit 85 and output to the printer 71 by the processing of the output unit 86. Or it displays on a monitor display. The output result is, for example, as shown in FIG. This allows you to monitor the cross-sectional condition of the river from moment to moment. On the other hand, in step S46, the partial flow rate calculation means 82 allocates a cross-sectional area to each flow velocity detection element. This may be a fixed value for each flow velocity detecting element. It suffices to automatically exclude elements above the river surface and elements below the river bed from the calculation target. In step S47, the corresponding cross-sectional area and partial flow rate calculation processing is performed. In step S48, the counting means 83 performs cumulative addition. This gives the total flow. In step S49, the output means 86 outputs the flow rate calculation result using 71 or the like. Through the processing described above, the river state is monitored by the computer on the management side.

  According to the above system, the flow rate distribution of each part of the river can be obtained using an inexpensive flow rate detection element, and the river flow rate can be accurately measured based on the result. In addition, measurement data can be automatically collected unattended, and river flow can be monitored safely and remotely. In addition, it is possible to obtain the flow velocity distribution as seen from the cross section of the river with sufficient accuracy for practical use by correcting variations in measurement data caused by a large number of flow velocity detection elements.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a specific operation of the system of the present invention.
In FIG. 8, a vertical section 60 indicates a surface obtained by cutting a transverse section along a river bridge in a vertical direction from the water surface position 57 toward the river bed position 58. Assume that piers exist at the positions A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5 shown in the figure. Each pier is provided with a unit in which a number of the flow velocity detecting elements 26 already described are arranged.

  Here, the flow rate passing through the vertical cross section 60 is obtained. As already explained, each flow velocity detection element 26 detects the flow velocity as V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 at the place where each is arranged, for example. Based on this detection value, in this example, a flow velocity distribution curve in a horizontal plane is obtained. This curve is a curve as illustrated by a so-called complementing process in which the tips of the flow velocity vectors are connected by a smooth curve.

  For example, the water depth at the position of A2 is h, and the whole river width is W. The flow velocity detected by one flow velocity detection element 26 at the position A2 is defined as V2. The axis in the river width direction is the X axis. The vertical axis is the Z axis, and the minute water depth at an arbitrary position is ΔZ. In this case, the flow velocity per unit area of the installed portion of the flow velocity detection element 26 that has detected V2 is ΔZV2. Then, the flow velocity at the portion of thickness ΔZ is an integral value where X is from 0 to W.

A number of flow velocity detection elements 26 are attached to the pier in the depth direction (vertical direction). In each flow velocity detecting element 26, a flow velocity distribution curve at each height is obtained. And if it integrates in the orthogonal | vertical direction as a whole, the water quantity of the river which passes the vertical cross section 60 is computable. This amount of water is a partial amount of water per unit time. If the above integrated value is further integrated from 0 to h, the total amount of water passing through the vertical section 60 can be calculated.
That is, the arithmetic expression is as shown in the following expression 1. V is a flow velocity (variable).
∫∫ΔZΔXV X = 0 → W, Z = 0 → h (Formula 1)
For example, when the shape of the river is relatively simple and the flow velocity distribution curve in the river width direction is relatively simple, the calculation method using the calculation formula of Formula 1 is suitable.

  On the other hand, if there are piers in the river width direction or if there are various obstacles, the flow velocity distribution curve becomes a complicated curve. Furthermore, the flow velocity distribution curve also becomes complicated when the riverbed shape becomes complicated. Therefore, in this case, the calculation can be performed with less error by performing the arithmetic processing by the following method.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of another river flow calculation processing method according to the system of the present invention.
In FIG. 9, the setting of the vertical section 60, the X axis, and the Z axis is the same as that shown in FIG. In addition, there are piers at positions A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5. A large number of flow velocity detecting elements 26 are arranged and fixed on these bridge piers at appropriate intervals in the vertical direction as shown in FIG. Each flow velocity detection element 26 detects a flow velocity at a fixed location. In this example, a flow velocity distribution curve in a vertical plane parallel to the river water flow is obtained. In the illustrated example, flow velocity distribution curves having a minute width ΔX at five locations where the flow velocity detecting elements 26 are arranged are obtained.

Here, for example, a portion of A2 where the water depth is h is considered. When water having a minute width ΔX in the portion A2 flows with the flow velocity distribution shown in the figure, the flow rate in this portion is a value obtained by integrating ΔXV from 0 to h in Z. The same applies to other parts. If this is viewed from the X-axis direction and integrated from X = 0 to W (river width), the total amount of water passing through the vertical section 60 can be calculated as in the case of FIG.
That is, the arithmetic expression is as shown in the following expression 2. V is a flow velocity (variable).
∫∫ΔXΔZV Z = 0 → h, X = 0 → W (Formula 2)
Next, the flow velocity distribution between the piers will be described in more detail with respect to the example shown in FIG.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a transverse section along a river bridge and a flow velocity distribution in each horizontal plane at the aa section and the bb section.
In FIG. 10, it is assumed that a large number of flow velocity detection elements 26 are installed in the vertical direction at the positions of the respective piers 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 of the bridge. Each of these flow velocity detection elements 26 detects the flow velocity of each part.

  Here, for example, attention is paid to the flow velocity distribution curve 71 between the piers 61 and 62. Since the piers 61 and 62 exist, the flow velocity distribution curve 71 has a complicated shape as shown in the figure. As shown in FIG. 9, when the flow rate passing through the portion is calculated for the minute width ΔX in the vertical direction at the installation position of each flow velocity detection element 26, this is calculated along the flow velocity distribution curve 71 shown in FIG. By integrating in the direction, the amount of water flowing between each pier 61 and 62 can be calculated. For example, if the amount of water varies greatly depending on the location, abnormal lateral pressure is applied to the pier, causing the bridge to collapse. In order to predict such a state, it is preferable to employ a calculation method based on the arithmetic expression of Expression 2 above.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a flow velocity distribution curve between the piers 61 and 62 developed in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
The volume surrounded by the surfaces 71 and 60 shown in FIG. 11 corresponds to the amount of water passing between the piers 61 and 62. By performing the arithmetic processing as described above, river state information corresponding to various requests can be obtained and displayed, which can be used for safety management.

  It should be noted that whether to use the arithmetic processing by the method shown in FIG. 8 or the arithmetic processing by the method shown in FIG. 9 may be freely selected depending on the relationship between the actually measured data and the predicted error. Alternatively, by adopting both arithmetic processes and using one for complementing the other, a more accurate flow rate can be obtained.

(A) is a schematic view of a river, and (b) and (c) are cross-sectional views of the river during normal times and when the water volume increases. (A) is a side view which shows the pier which attached the flow velocity detection element, (b) is a top view which shows the flow velocity detection element part. It is explanatory drawing of the flow volume calculation method of a river. It is explanatory drawing of the information used when calculating a river flow from measurement data, and a calculation processing method. It is a functional block diagram of a data processing system including a computer on the management side. It is an operation | movement flowchart of a system. It is an operation | movement flowchart of a system. It is a specific operation explanatory diagram of the system. It is explanatory drawing of the calculation processing method of another river flow by a system. It is explanatory drawing which shows the cross-section along the bridge of a river, and the flow velocity distribution in each horizontal surface in an aa cross section and a bb cross section. It is the schematic diagram of what developed the flow-velocity distribution curve between the piers in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 River 12 Bridge 13 River flow rate observation system 14 River flow rate observation system 15 River and road office 16 Optical fiber cable 20 Cross section of river 21 River bed 22 Water surface 25 Support body 26 Flow velocity detection element

Claims (9)

A plurality of flow velocity detection elements are arranged at different depths in the vertical direction as seen from the cross section of the river, and flow velocity information detected by each of the flow velocity detection elements and identification information for identifying each flow velocity detection element are included. Measurement data acquisition means for acquiring measurement data;
Flow velocity information correction means for correcting the flow velocity information detected by each of the flow velocity detection elements using a correction value set in advance for each detection element;
A river flow rate observation system comprising: output means for displaying and outputting a flow velocity distribution of each part of the river as seen from the cross section of the river. In the river flow observation system according to claim 1,
The cross section of the river is horizontally divided based on the depth at which each flow velocity detecting element is arranged, and the corresponding area is determined by the flow velocity information detected by the flow velocity detecting element corresponding to the sectional area of each divided area. A partial flow rate calculation means for calculating a partial flow rate;
Aggregating means for accumulating the calculated partial flow rate for all regions and calculating the flow rate in the cross section of the entire river;
A river flow rate observation system comprising: output means for outputting a flow rate in the transverse section of the total river. In the river flow observation system according to claim 1,
A plurality of units in which a plurality of flow velocity detecting elements are arranged at different depths in the vertical direction as seen from the cross section of the river are provided at different locations in the horizontal direction as seen from the cross section of the river. River flow observation system. In the river flow observation system according to claim 1,
A partial flow rate calculation means for vertically dividing a cross section of the river, and calculating a partial flow rate of the corresponding vertical divided region based on a sectional area of each divided vertical divided region and a vertical flow velocity distribution detected by the flow velocity detecting element; ,
Aggregating means for accumulating the calculated partial flow rate for all regions and calculating the flow rate in the cross section of the entire river;
A river flow rate observation system comprising: output means for outputting a flow rate in the transverse section of the total river. In the river flow observation system according to claim 1,
Storage means for storing cross-sectional information of the river;
With reference to the measurement data, boundary information acquisition means for acquiring all positional information of the flow velocity information difference between adjacent flow velocity detection elements equal to or greater than a threshold value;
By reading the cross-sectional information of the river stored in the storage device and displaying the position information acquired by the boundary information acquisition means on the cross-sectional view of the river, the water surface and / or river bed position of the river is displayed. State information generating means;
A river flow rate observation system comprising output means for outputting generated state information. In the river flow observation system according to claim 1 to 5,
A river flow rate observation system, wherein each flow velocity detection element is set to detect a flow velocity in a unique direction specified in advance, and the measurement data includes the detection direction information. In the river flow observation system according to claim 1,
A partial flow rate calculation means for obtaining a flow rate distribution curve in the horizontal plane of the river by the output of the flow velocity detection element, calculating the partial flow rate in the horizontal plane by integrating the flow rate distribution curve in the river width direction,
Aggregating means for accumulating the calculated partial flow rate for all regions in the vertical direction and calculating the flow rate in the cross section of the entire river,
A river flow rate observation system comprising: output means for outputting a flow rate in the transverse section of the total river. In the river flow observation system according to claim 1,
A partial flow rate calculation means for obtaining a flow rate distribution curve in the vertical plane of the river by the output of the flow rate detection element, calculating the partial flow rate in the vertical plane by integrating the flow rate distribution curve in the vertical direction;
Aggregating means for accumulating the calculated partial flow rate for all regions in the river width direction and calculating the flow rate in the cross section of the entire river,
A river flow rate observation system comprising: output means for outputting a flow rate in the transverse section of the total river. In the river flow observation system according to claim 1,
Aggregating each flow rate in the transverse section of the entire river from the counting means described in claim 7 and the counting means described in claim 8, respectively, and supplementing the data of one flow rate with the data of the other flow rate River flow observation system characterized by

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