JP2006221085A - Stereoscopic observation device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a stereoscopic observation device using a single panel and providing the enlargement of a viewing area, observation by a plurality of persons, and optimum observation form in accordance with an image source. <P>SOLUTION: The stereoscopic observation device 14 is equipped with; a 1st image projecting means 26a forming an image by nearly matching two images having parallax each other on nearly the same plane through a pair of exit pupils 28L and 28R; a 2nd image projecting means 26b forming at least one image near the image forming position of the 1st image projecting means 26a through at least one exit pupil 30L or 30R; a hologram type diffraction optical device 34 arranged to include the image forming positions of the 1st and the 2nd image projecting means 26a and 26b and diffusing and transmitting incident luminous flux; and a Fresnel concave mirror 35 reflecting and condensing the diffused luminous flux transmitted through the hologram type diffraction optical device 34. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a stereoscopic observation apparatus capable of 3D observation without using special glasses for 3D observation.

  Conventionally, a stereoscopic observation apparatus capable of 3D observation without using special glasses for 3D observation has been used. Such a stereoscopic observation apparatus is disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 6. These stereoscopic observation apparatuses include left and right image projecting units that project a left eye image and a right eye image. The left-eye image and the right-eye image projected from the left and right image projecting units respectively form a left viewing area and a right viewing area by being transmitted through or reflected by the panel. By arranging the left eye and the right eye in the left viewing area and the right viewing area, respectively, 3D observation can be performed.

  In the stereoscopic observation apparatus of Patent Document 1, observation by a plurality of people is possible with only one panel. That is, a prism row for dividing the incident light beam is provided on the panel, and the image is divided by the prism row and presented to the first observer and the second observer.

  In the stereoscopic observation apparatuses disclosed in Patent Documents 2 to 5, a diffusion plate that diffuses an incident light beam is provided on the panel, and an image is presented to an observer through the diffusion plate to expand the viewing area.

  Furthermore, in the stereoscopic observation apparatus of Patent Document 6, by using a plurality of panels similar to the panels of Patent Documents 2 to 5, the viewing zone is expanded and observation by a plurality of people is possible.

By the way, in actual surgery, there is a case where observation of a microscope image, an MRI image, a CT image or the like is necessary, and 3D observation is suitable for observation of a microscope image or the like, but 3D observation is appropriate for observation of an MRI image, CT image or the like. Observation is unnecessary, and 2D observation is performed. That is, the surgeon and an assistant who assists the surgeon selectively perform 3D observation and 2D observation as necessary. Here, in the stereoscopic observation apparatus, it is possible to perform 2D observation by projecting the same image from both the left and right image projection means.
JP-A-8-146348 JP 2003-207743 A JP 2004-102204 A JP 2004-177920 A JP 2004-226958 A JP 2003-21596 A

  In the stereoscopic observation apparatus of Patent Document 1, observation by a plurality of persons is possible, but enlargement of the viewing zone is not considered. On the other hand, in the stereoscopic observation apparatuses of Patent Documents 2 to 5, the viewing area is enlarged, but consideration is not given to enabling observation by a plurality of people. Further, in the stereoscopic observation device of Patent Document 6, the viewing area is enlarged and observation by a plurality of persons is possible. However, it is necessary to dispose a plurality of panels above the operation part, and in particular, there are many in the vicinity of the operation part. It is difficult to use for the operation in which the equipment is concentrated.

  By the way, 3D observation of a microscope image or the like is performed by an operator who is treating the surgical site, and 2D observation of an MRI image, CT image, or the like may be performed by an assistant who assists the operator. In order to observe the image, it is necessary to place an eye in the viewing zone, and since the operator is in a certain standing position near the surgical site, it is not very convenient to place the eye even if the viewing zone is not wide enough. Although the assistant is not at a fixed position, it is preferable that the viewing area is sufficiently wide so that the eyes can be placed at various standing positions. That is, the viewing area for 3D observation does not have to be so wide, but the viewing area for 2D observation is preferably sufficiently wide.

  However, when 2D observation is performed by projecting the same image by both the left and right image projection means, a sufficiently wide viewing zone cannot be secured as described below. That is, when the viewing areas of the left and right eye images overlap each other when performing 3D observation, the left eye image and the right eye image are superimposed and displayed simultaneously on one eye in the overlapping portion. Talk occurs. For this reason, it is necessary to limit the diffusion angle of the light beam by the diffusion plate so that the viewing areas of the left and right eye images do not overlap each other. Furthermore, since the brightness of the image decreases as the diffusion angle of the light beam by the diffusion plate increases, it is necessary to limit the diffusion angle in order to ensure the brightness of the image. Thus, in the stereoscopic observation apparatus that performs 3D observation, it is necessary to limit the diffusion angle by the diffusion plate. In such a stereoscopic observation apparatus in which the diffusion angle is limited, the viewing zone when performing 2D observation by projecting the same image by both the left and right image projection means is realized by an observation apparatus that performs only 2D observation. It becomes narrower than the viewable area.

  As described above, it is difficult for the stereoscopic observation apparatuses disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 6 to provide an optimal observation mode according to the image source, for example, a sufficiently wide viewing zone cannot be provided by 2D observation. .

  The present invention has been made paying attention to the above-mentioned problems, and the object of the present invention is to use a single panel to enlarge the viewing zone, to observe by a plurality of people, and to have an optimal observation form according to the image source. It is to provide a stereoscopic observation apparatus that enables provision.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a first image projecting means for forming two images having parallax substantially on the same plane through a pair of exit pupils, and at least one exit pupil. A second image projecting unit that images at least one image in the vicinity of an image forming position of the first image projecting unit; and an image forming position of the first and second image projecting units. A stereoscopic observation apparatus comprising: a hologram type diffractive optical element that diffuses and transmits an incident light beam; and a Fresnel concave mirror that reflects and collects the diffused light beam transmitted through the hologram type diffractive optical element. is there.

  In the first aspect of the invention, the first image projecting means forms two images having parallax on the surface of the hologram type diffractive optical element so that they substantially coincide with each other, and is formed by the hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel concave mirror. The incident light beam is diffused, reflected, and condensed to form a viewing area for 3D observation in which the image for the left eye and the image for the right eye are respectively projected, and the second image projecting means uses the hologram type diffractive optics. At least one image is formed on the element surface in the vicinity of the imaging position of the first image projection means, and the image is projected by diffusing, reflecting, and condensing the incident light beam by the hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel concave mirror. Form a viewing zone.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, the second image projecting unit forms two images having parallax substantially on the same plane through a pair of exit pupils so as to substantially coincide with each other. The stereoscopic observation apparatus according to 1.

  In the second aspect of the invention, the second image projecting means forms two images having parallax on the surface of the hologram type diffractive optical element so as to substantially coincide with each other, and is formed by the hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel concave mirror. A viewing zone for 3D observation is formed by projecting the image for the left eye and the image for the right eye, respectively.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, a pair of projection optical axes via a pair of exit pupils of the first image projection means has an intersection, and a pair of projection lights via a pair of exit pupils of the second image projection means. 3. The stereoscopic observation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the axis has an intersection, and the intersection of the first image projection unit and the intersection of the second image projection unit substantially coincide with each other. is there.

  In the third aspect of the present invention, the imaging positions of the first image projecting unit and the second image projecting unit on the surface of the hologram type diffractive optical element are substantially matched.

  A fourth aspect of the present invention is the stereoscopic observation apparatus according to the first aspect, wherein the second image projecting means forms one image through one exit pupil.

  In the invention of claim 4, one image is formed on the hologram type diffractive optical element surface by the second image projecting means, and the incident light beam is diffused and reflected by the hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel concave mirror. A viewing area for 2D observation on which the image is projected after being condensed is formed.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the viewing zone formed by the second image projecting unit is larger than the viewing zone formed by the first image projecting unit. It is an observation device.

  In the fifth aspect of the present invention, the viewing area for 2D observation by the second image projection means is made larger than the viewing area for 3D observation by the first image projection means.

  The invention according to claim 6 is characterized in that the one exit pupil of the second image projection means has a size including the pair of exit pupils of the first image projection means. 5. The stereoscopic observation apparatus according to 5.

  In the invention of claim 6, the second image projection is performed by making one exit pupil of the second image projection means have a size including the pair of exit pupils of the first image projection means. The viewing area for 2D observation by the means is made larger than the viewing area for 3D observation by the third image projection means.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, the pair of projection optical axes via the pair of exit pupils of the first image projection means has an intersection, and the projection center light via the one exit pupil of the second image projection means The stereoscopic observation apparatus according to claim 4, wherein an axis substantially passes through the intersection of the first image projection unit.

  In the seventh aspect of the present invention, the imaging positions of the first image projection means and the second image projection means on the hologram type diffractive optical element surface are substantially matched.

  According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a first image projecting means for forming two images having parallax substantially in the same plane through a pair of exit pupils, and at least one exit pupil. A second image projecting unit that images at least one image in the vicinity of an image forming position of the first image projecting unit; and an image forming position of the first and second image projecting units. A hologram type diffractive optical element that diffuses and transmits an incident light beam, a Fresnel concave mirror that reflects and collects a diffused light beam transmitted through the hologram type diffractive optical element, and holds the hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel concave mirror And a holding means.

  In the invention of claim 8, the hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel concave mirror are held by the holding means, and the two images having parallax on the hologram type diffractive optical element surface are substantially matched by the first image projecting means. And forming a viewing zone for 3D observation in which the left eye image and the right eye image are respectively projected by diffusing, reflecting, and condensing the incident light beam by the hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel concave mirror. And at least one image is formed on the surface of the hologram type diffractive optical element by the second image projecting unit in the vicinity of the image forming position of the first image projecting unit, and the hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel concave mirror are used. A viewing zone where an image is projected is formed by diffusing, reflecting, and condensing incident light flux.

  According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, the holding means changes an angle formed by the hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel concave mirror with respect to a projection center optical axis of the first image projecting means and the second image projecting means. An angle changing means for changing the direction of the reflection center optical axis of the first image projecting means and the second image projecting means by the hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel concave mirror is provided. The stereoscopic observation apparatus according to 8.

  In the invention of claim 9, the angle changing means changes the angle formed by the hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel concave mirror with respect to the projection center optical axis of the first image projecting means and the second image projecting means, The direction of the reflection center optical axis of the first image projecting means and the second image projecting means by the hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel concave mirror is changed, and the viewing area by the first image projecting means and the second image projecting means are used. Change the position of the viewing zone.

  According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, the angle changing means can switch the hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel concave mirror between a first angle and a second angle, and the first angle at the first angle. The reflection center optical axis of one image projection unit and the reflection center optical axis of the second image projection unit at the second angle substantially coincide with each other. This is a stereoscopic observation apparatus.

  In the tenth aspect of the present invention, the first image is located at substantially the same position by switching the hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel concave mirror between the first angle and the second angle by the angle changing means. The viewing zone by the projection unit and the viewing zone by the second image projection unit are selectively arranged.

  According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, the projection center optical axis of the first image projection means and the projection center optical axis of the second image projection means have an intersection point, and the angle changing means substantially omits the intersection point. As described above, the hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel have a rotation axis substantially orthogonal to a plane including the projection center optical axis of the first image projection unit and the projection center optical axis of the second image projection unit. The stereoscopic observation apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the concave mirror is rotated about the rotation axis.

  In the invention of claim 11, by the angle changing means, the hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel concave mirror are rotated around the rotation axis, and the viewing area by the first image projecting means and the second image projecting means are used. Rotate the viewing zone around the axis of rotation.

  The invention according to claim 12 is characterized in that the angle changing means includes a rotation angle restricting means for restricting a rotation angle of the hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel concave mirror around the rotation axis. 11 is a three-dimensional observation apparatus.

  In the twelfth aspect of the invention, the rotation angle of the hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel concave mirror is regulated by the rotation angle regulating means, and the viewing zone by the first image projecting means and the second image projecting means are used. Regulate the rotation angle of the viewing zone.

  According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, the rotation angle restricting means is an angle that is approximately a half of an angle formed by the reflection center optical axis of the first image projection means and the reflection center optical axis of the second image projection means. The stereoscopic observation apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the rotation angle is regulated within a range.

  In the invention of claim 13, within a minimum angle range in which the viewing area by the first image projecting means and the viewing area by the second image projecting means can be selectively arranged at substantially the same position. The rotation angle of the hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel concave mirror is restricted.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the provision of the optimal observation form according to the expansion of a viewing zone, the observation by several persons, and the image source using a single panel is possible.

  Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 show a schematic configuration of the stereoscopic observation apparatus 14 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The stereoscopic observation apparatus 14 according to the present embodiment includes a surgical microscope 16 for observing a surgical site. This surgical microscope 16 is held by a holding device 18 and has right and left observation optical systems for observing the surgical site in an enlarged manner. An enlarged image of the surgical site acquired by the left-eye observation optical system is picked up by an image sensor such as a CCD as a left-eye image, and an enlarged image of the surgical site acquired by the right-eye observation optical system is the right eye The image is picked up by an image pickup device such as a CCD as a work image. These image sensors are electrically connected to the first and second camera controllers, and transmit both the left-eye image and the right-eye image having parallax to the first and second camera controllers. In addition, other image sources such as a CT apparatus, an MRI apparatus, and a computer are connected to the second camera controller, and a CT image, an MRI image, and the like are transmitted.

  A boom 20 is fixed to the ceiling, floor, etc. of the operating room. In the present embodiment, the boom 20 is suspended from the ceiling in a substantially vertical direction. An intermediate support portion 22 is disposed at the end portion of the boom 20. First and second holding bars 24a and 24b extend from the intermediate support portion 22 in a substantially horizontal direction. First and second projectors 26a and 26b as first and second image projecting units are disposed at the extended ends of the first and second holding bars 24a and 24b, respectively.

  The first projector 26a is electrically connected to the first camera controller, and transmits a left-eye image and a right-eye image. The first projector 26a is provided with an opening-shaped left-eye exit pupil 28L and a right-eye exit pupil 28R. The left-eye image is projected from the left-eye exit pupil 28L, the right-eye image is ejected from the right-eye exit pupil 28R, and the left-eye image and the right-eye image having parallax with each other on substantially the same plane. Are substantially matched to form an image.

  The second projector 26b is electrically connected to the second camera controller. The second projector 26b has the same configuration as the first projector 26a, and projects a left-eye image and a right-eye image from the left-eye exit pupil 30L and the right-eye exit pupil 30R, respectively. Thus, the image for the left eye and the image for the right eye having parallax with each other are formed on the substantially same plane so as to be substantially coincident with each other. Further, the second projector 26b can emit the same image from the left-eye exit pupil 30L and the right-eye exit pupil 30R, and form the same image on the substantially same plane so as to substantially coincide with each other. It is.

  On the other hand, a holding arm 32 extends substantially vertically at the end of the boom 20 via the intermediate support portion 22. A panel 33 is disposed on the end side of the holding arm 32. The panel 33 is formed by laminating a hologram type diffractive optical element 34 and a Fresnel concave mirror 35, and the hologram type diffractive optical element 34 side of the panel 33 is arranged on the first and second projectors 26a, 26b side. . The hologram type diffractive optical element 34 has a function of diffusing and transmitting an incident light beam, and the Fresnel concave mirror 35 has a function of reflecting and condensing the diffused light beam.

  Then, when the first projector 26a forms an image for the left eye and the right eye having parallax on the surface of the hologram type diffractive optical element 34 so as to be substantially coincident with each other, the hologram type diffractive optical element 34 and the Fresnel concave mirror 35 are formed. As a result, the left viewing area LE1 in which the left-eye projection image can be observed and the right viewing area RE1 in which the right-eye projection image can be observed are formed in the vicinity of the observer. The operator 48 can perform 3D observation by observing the left eye projection image with the left eye 48L and the right eye projection image with the right eye 48R.

  Similarly, when the second projector 26b forms an image for the left eye and the right eye that have parallax substantially on the surface of the hologram type diffractive optical element 34, the left eye projection image can be observed. A left viewing area LE2 and a right viewing area RE2 capable of observing the projection image for the right eye are formed in the vicinity of the observer. Further, when the second projector 26b forms the same image on the surface of the hologram type diffractive optical element 34 so as to coincide with each other, the left viewing area LE2 and the right viewing area RE2 capable of observing the same image are obtained by the observer. It is formed in the vicinity. The assistant 50 can perform 2D observation by arranging the left eye 50L in the left viewing area LE2 and the right eye 50R in the right viewing area RE2.

  Hereinafter, the arrangement of the first and second projectors 26a and 26b and the panel 33 will be described in detail. The left projection optical axis through the left eye exit pupil 28L of the first projector 26a is referred to as LP1, and the right projection optical axis through the right eye exit pupil 28R is referred to as RP1. The center line between the left projection optical axis LP1 and the right projection optical axis RP1 of the first projector 26a is referred to as a projection center optical axis P1. Further, the left reflected optical axis that is the reflected optical axis of the left projector optical axis LP1 of the first projector 26a is referred to as LR1, and the right reflected optical axis that is the reflected optical axis of the right projected optical axis RP1 is referred to as RR1. The center line between the axis LR1 and the right reflection optical axis RR1, that is, the reflection center optical axis that is the reflection optical axis of the projection center optical axis P1 is referred to as R1. Similarly, the left projection optical axis of the second projector 26b is LP2, the right projection optical axis is RP2, the projection center optical axis is P2, the left reflection optical axis is LR2, the right reflection optical axis is RR2, and the reflection center optical axis is R2. Called.

  The left eye exit pupil 28L and the right eye exit pupil 28R of the first projector 26a are arranged above the panel, and the projection center optical axis P1 of the first projector 26a is lowered toward the panel 33. The left-eye exit pupil 28L and the right-eye exit pupil 28R of the first projector 26a face the panel surface, and the vertical plane including the projection center optical axis P1 is substantially orthogonal to the panel surface. Furthermore, the left projection optical axis LP1 and the right projection optical axis RP1 of the first projector 26a have an intersection point X1, and this intersection point X1 is disposed on the panel surface.

  The left viewing area LE1 in which the left eye projection image can be observed is formed around the left reflected optical axis LR1 of the first projector 26a, and the right viewing area RE1 in which the right eye projection image can be observed is the first. It is formed around the right reflection optical axis RR1 of one projector 26a. The left viewing area LE1 and the right viewing area RE1 are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance (for example, the eyelid of the operator 48) across the reflection center optical axis R1 of the first projector 26a.

  The second projector 26b is disposed at substantially the same height as the first projector 26a, and the projection center optical axis P2 of the second projector 26b is lowered toward the panel 33. The vertical plane including the projection center optical axis P2 of the second projector 26b forms an angle α with the panel surface. Further, the left projection optical axis LP2 of the left-eye exit pupil 30L of the second projector 26b and the right projection optical axis RP2 of the right-eye exit pupil 30R have an intersection point X2, which is substantially equal to the intersection point X1. It is placed on the panel surface.

  A vertical plane including the reflection center optical axis R1 of the second projector 26b forms an angle α with the panel surface. Similarly to the first projector 26a, the left viewing area LE2 in which the left-eye projection image can be observed is formed around the left reflected optical axis LR2 of the second projector 26b, and the right-eye projection image is displayed. An observable right viewing area RE2 is formed around the right reflected optical axis RR2 of the second projector 26b. The left viewing area LE2 and the right viewing area RE2 are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance (for example, the eyelid of the assistant 50) across the reflection center optical axis R2 of the second projector 26b.

  Hereinafter, the optical configuration of the stereoscopic observation apparatus of the present embodiment will be described in detail. The hologram type diffractive optical element is manufactured by exposing interference light to a hologram recording material from a plurality of coherent light sources. At this time, the light emitting surface centers of the other light sources are arranged in the vicinity of the plane including the light emitting surface center of one of the light sources and the normal line of the exposure surface of the hologram recording material. In the stereoscopic observation apparatus, the plane including the light emitting surface center of one light source and the normal line of the exposure surface of the hologram recording material has the eye width direction of the observer, the left-eye exit pupil and the right eye of the projector. It is comprised so as to be orthogonal to the direction passing through the center of the exit pupil for use. In such a stereoscopic observation apparatus, the main diffusion direction of the light beam incident on the hologram type diffractive optical element is a direction substantially orthogonal to the observer's eye width direction.

  An example of the hologram type diffractive optical element 34 and the Fresnel concave mirror 35 will be described with reference to FIG. This hologram type diffractive optical element 34 has an action of mainly separating incident light fluxes into three light fluxes of 0th order light and ± 1st order light and mainly diffusing ± 1st order light. The panel 33 is arranged so that the light beam splitting direction of the hologram type diffractive optical element 34 is substantially orthogonal to the observer's eye width direction.

  Therefore, when an image is formed on the surface of the hologram type diffractive optical element 34 by the first or second projector 26a, 26b, it is formed by the first-order diffused light beam by the action of the hologram type diffractive optical element 34 and the Fresnel concave mirror 35. The primary light expansion viewing area 36b, the 0th order light viewing area 36a formed by the 0th order light beam, and the −1st order light expansion viewing area 36c formed by the −1st order diffused light beam are substantially orthogonal to the eye width direction. It is formed side by side in the direction. For this reason, the first and second projectors 26a and 26b form two images having parallax on the surface of the hologram type diffractive optical element 34 through the pair of exit pupils 28L, 28R, 30L, and 30R so as to substantially coincide with each other. As a result, a left viewing area and a right viewing area, each including a primary light expansion viewing area 36b, a zero order light viewing area 36a, and a −1st order light expansion viewing area 36c, are formed. The observer can perform 3D observation from either the primary light expansion viewing area 36b or the −1 primary light expansion viewing area 36c.

  The distance between the 0th-order light viewing area 36a and the centers of the ± 1st-order enlarged light viewing areas 36b and 36c is preferably 50 mm or more. In this case, the 0th-order light viewing area 36a, the + 1st-order light enlarged viewing area 36b, and the −1st-order light enlarged area 36c rarely overlap each other, and the degree of freedom of the arrangement of the eyes of the observer is increased. In addition, since the 0th-order light beam is not diffused, a bright image suddenly enters the eye when the eye is placed in the 0th-order light viewing area 36a. However, since the overlap between the 0th-order light viewing area 36a and the ± 1st-order light enlarged viewing areas 36b and 36c is small, this situation occurs when observation is performed in any of the ± 1st-order light enlarged viewing areas 36b and 36c. Is prevented.

  In addition, it is preferable that one of the ± primary light enlarged viewing areas 36b and 36c is disposed closer to and below the observer than the other, and observation is performed from the one viewing area. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the −1st-order light enlarged viewing area 36c is disposed closer to and below the observer than the + 1st-order light magnified viewing area 36b, and the −1st-order light enlarged viewing area 36c Consider the case of observation. Since the + 1st-order light expansion viewing area 36b, the 0th-order viewing area 36a, and the −1st-order light expansion viewing area 36c are arranged side by side in a direction substantially orthogonal to the eye width direction, the observer can see the eye from the viewing area. Even if the line of sight is lowered so as to look at the hand, the hand can be confirmed without the eyes being placed in the 0th-order viewing area 36a and the + 1st-order light enlarged viewing area 36b.

  Referring to FIG. 5, when a light beam is incident on hologram type diffractive optical element 34, the light beam is refracted and split according to the wavelength. Here, the visible wavelength dispersion of the light beam bending of the + (−) primary light divided and transmitted by the hologram type diffractive optical element 34 may be less than or equal to ½ of the diffusion angle of the + (−) primary light. preferable. Here, the visible wavelength dispersion is the difference between the bending angle of a light beam having a wavelength of 450 nm that passes through the hologram type diffractive optical element 34 and the bending angle of a light beam having a wavelength of 650 nm.

  In such a hologram type diffractive optical element 34, a + (−) primary light expansion viewing area formed by a light beam having a wavelength of 450 nm, and a + (−) primary light expansion viewing area formed by a light beam having a wavelength of 650 nm. Is less than ½ of the total length of the + (−) primary light enlarged viewing zone formed by the light in the visible wavelength range in the direction in which the wavelength shift occurs. That is, a sufficiently wide overlapping portion between the + (−) primary light expansion viewing area formed by the light beam having a wavelength of 450 nm and the + (−) primary light expansion viewing area formed by the light beam having a wavelength of 650 nm is secured. It is possible. When the eyes are placed on the overlapping portion and observed, the image can be observed with the correct color.

  A hologram type diffractive optical element having a small wavelength dispersion can be manufactured as follows. That is, an angle formed by a line segment connecting one point of the exposure surface of the hologram recording material of the hologram type diffractive optical element and the center of the light emitting surface of the two light sources is referred to as an angle at which the center of the light emitting surface of the two light sources is viewed. Then, two light sources are arranged so that an angle between an arbitrary point on the exposure surface of the hologram recording material and the center of the light emitting surface of the two light sources is 20 ° or less, and interference light is transmitted from these two light sources to the hologram recording material. To expose. In addition, as a light source, you may use the light source of the form which put together the several light source and made each light emission surface adjoin. In this case, the center of the collected light emitting surfaces is the light emitting surface center.

  Note that the hologram type diffractive optical element has a condensing action or a diverging action. The viewing zone is not only displaced depending on the wavelength due to the refractive spectral action of the hologram type diffractive optical element, but also changes in width depending on the wavelength due to the condensing action or the diverging action of the hologram type diffractive optical element. It will be. For this reason, when the hologram type diffractive optical element has a strong condensing action or diverging action, the viewing area becomes narrow in the high wavelength region, and the overlapping portion of the viewing area due to each wavelength becomes narrow. For this reason, it is preferable that the lens action power of the hologram type diffractive optical element is 1/10 or less of the lens action power of the Fresnel concave mirror. In this case, the overlapping portion of the viewing zone due to each wavelength becomes wide, and the degree of freedom of the observer's observation position is increased.

  A hologram type diffractive optical element having almost no lens action power is manufactured as follows. That is, a plurality of light sources coherent with the hologram recording material are arranged so that the center of each light emitting surface is at a substantially constant distance from the recording surface center position of the hologram recording material, and the hologram recording material is formed by the plurality of light sources. Exposure to interference light. The case where the first and second light sources are used as the plurality of light sources will be specifically described. If the distances from the exposure surface center of the hologram recording material to the light emission surface centers of the first and second light sources are L1 and L2, respectively, it is preferable that 0.9 <L1 / L2 <1.11. In addition, as a light source, you may use the light source of the form which gathered together the several light source mentioned above, and put each light emission surface close together.

  Note that the chromaticity (XYZ color system) at the center of the viewing zone is (x, y) = (X, Y). When white light is projected from the projector, in the region where (x, y) = (X ± 0.05, Y ± 0.05), the change in the color of the observation image is strongly felt even if the eye is moved. There is no. Such a region preferably has a diameter of 50 mm or more around the center of the viewing zone. In such a case, the degree of freedom of the observer's observation position can be increased without strongly feeling the color change of the observation image. Furthermore, it is more preferable that the region where (x, y) = (X ± 0.03, Y ± 0.03) has a diameter of 60 mm or more with the center of the viewing zone as the center.

  In the stereoscopic observation apparatus, there may be a problem of crosstalk in which the left and right viewing zones overlap, the right eye projection image appears to the left eye, and the left eye projection image appears to the right eye. Here, consider a case where only one of the left-eye image and the right-eye image is projected from the projector, and the luminance of the center of the projected one image is measured from the other of the left viewing area and the right viewing area. H2 / H1 <0.05, where H1 is the luminance when the center luminance of one projected image is measured from one of the left viewing area and the right viewing area, and H2 is the luminance when measuring from the other. Preferably there is. In this case, it is less likely that the stereoscopic observation is hindered by crosstalk. More preferably, H2 / H1 <0.02.

  In order to prevent crosstalk, in the hologram type diffractive optical element, the diffusion angle in the eye width direction is preferably an angle of 8 ° or less in terms of the full width at half maximum of the diffracted light intensity. Alternatively, the diffusion angle in the eye width direction is preferably an angle of 12 ° or less in the entire width where the diffracted light intensity becomes 1/10.

  In order to increase the degree of freedom of the observer's observation position, it is desirable that both the left viewing area and the right viewing area are sufficiently wide. However, crosstalk occurs when the left and right viewing areas are simply widened. For this reason, it is preferable that the left and right viewing areas have a shape that is long in a direction substantially orthogonal to the observer's eye width direction. In this case, the degree of freedom of the observer's observation position is increased and crosstalk is prevented.

  A hologram type diffractive optical element in which the ± primary light expansion viewing area has a long shape in a direction substantially orthogonal to the eye width direction can be manufactured as follows. The interference recording light is exposed to the hologram recording material by the first and second light sources. Here, the shape of the light emitting surface of the second light source is long in one direction, and the direction extending from the center of the light emitting surface of the second light source to the center of the light emitting surface of the first light source and the longitudinal direction of the second light emitting surface are: It almost agrees.

When the length in the longitudinal direction of the light emitting surface of the second light source is L and the length in the short direction is S, it is preferable that 1.3 <L / S. Moreover, it is preferable that the area of the light emission surface of a 2nd light source is an area of 5000 mm < ² > or less. In order to prevent generation of unnecessary diffracted light, the area of the light emitting surface of the first light source is preferably 100 mm ² or less. In addition, as a light source, you may use the light source of the form which gathered together the several light source mentioned above and put each light emission surface close together.

  Further, in the hologram type diffractive optical element manufactured as described above, the shift of the viewing zone for each wavelength due to the above-described wavelength dispersion substantially coincides with the longitudinal direction of the ± primary light expansion viewing zone. For this reason, compared with the case where the direction of shift of the viewing zone for each wavelength due to chromatic dispersion substantially coincides with the short side direction of the ± 1st-order enlarged light viewing zone, the overlapping portion of the shifted viewing zones becomes wider, The range that can be observed with the correct color is widened.

  Crosstalk also occurs due to unnecessary diffracted light generated in the hologram type diffractive optical element. In order to prevent the generation of this unnecessary diffracted light, the number of exposure times of the interference light to the hologram recording material of the hologram type diffractive optical element is desirably 10 times or less.

  The hologram recording material is exposed to interference light using the first light source and the second light source having a light emitting surface that is long in one direction, and then the monochromatic light is emitted from the first light source to the hologram type diffractive optical element. , The monochromatic light is transmitted through the hologram type diffractive optical element, and a primary image and a −1st order image elongated in one direction are generated. Then, when the diffracted light intensity distribution is measured in the longitudinal direction of the image through the center of the image, the diffracted light intensity at the periphery in the longitudinal direction of the image is 40% or more, assuming that the diffracted light intensity at the image center is 100%. It is preferable to manufacture a hologram type diffractive optical element.

  In this case, the diffracted light intensity at the peripheral portion in the longitudinal direction with respect to the diffracted light intensity at the central portion of the ± 1st order enlarged viewing area is 40% or more. The position of the viewing zone is shifted according to the wavelength due to the refractive spectroscopic action of the hologram type diffractive optical element, but the diffracted light intensity at the peripheral portion in the longitudinal direction of the viewing zone of each wavelength is 40% or more of the central portion. No difference in diffracted light intensity of 60% or more occurs between any positions in the overlapping viewing zones. For this reason, it is possible to observe the image with almost no change in the color of the image at the overlapping viewing zones.

  Similarly, when the diffracted light intensity distribution is measured in the short direction of the image through the image center, the diffracted light intensity at the periphery in the short direction of the image is 60% or more with the diffracted light intensity at the image center being 100%. It is preferable to manufacture a hologram type diffractive optical element so that In this case, the diffracted light intensity at the peripheral portion in the short direction with respect to the diffracted light intensity at the central portion of the ± 1st order enlarged viewing area is 60% or more. For this reason, it is possible to observe the image with almost no change in the brightness of the image in the overlapping area of the viewing zones that are shifted according to the wavelength.

  The hologram type diffractive optical element is preferably formed integrally with the vinyl back in the vinyl back, can be sterilized together with the vinyl back, is detachable from the Fresnel concave mirror, and is disposable. By using such a hologram type diffractive optical element, it is possible to keep the Fresnel concave mirror close to the surgical site in a sterilized state without separately covering the hologram type diffractive optical element with a sterile drape. In addition, it is possible to prevent deterioration in the image quality of the observation image that occurs when light rays pass through the sterile drape.

  In the stereoscopic observation apparatus of the present embodiment, the light beam from the projector is collected in the viewing area by the hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel concave mirror. For this reason, an image with sufficient brightness can be obtained even if the brightness of the projector is not so high. Rather, it is too bright for an ordinary projector having a brightness of 800 ANSI (American National Standards Institute) lumens or more. It becomes difficult to observe. For this reason, it is preferable that the brightness of the projector is 200 ANSI lumens or less. In this case, it is possible to observe an image with a comfortable brightness. Further, a projector having a brightness of 200 ANSI lumens or more may be adjusted to a brightness of 200 ANSI lumens or less using a dimming means such as an ND filter.

  Next, the operation of the stereoscopic observation apparatus 14 of this embodiment will be described. When performing surgery using the stereoscopic observation apparatus 14 of the present embodiment, the patient is lying on the operating table. And a surgical operation part is formed in a patient. The surgeon 48 and the assistant 50 surround the surgical site, and the surgeon 48 is arranged such that the left and right viewing areas LE1 and RE1 of the first projector 26a are arranged in the left and right eyes 48L and 48R, respectively. The left and right viewing zones LE2 and RE2 of the projector 26b are arranged so as to be disposed in the left and right eyes 50L and 50R, respectively.

  The observation optical system of the surgical microscope 16 acquires enlarged images of the left-eye and right-eye surgical parts having parallax. The acquired image is converted into an electrical signal by the CCD and sent to the first projector 26a via the first camera controller. The first projector 26a projects the left-eye image and the right-eye image from the left-eye exit pupil 28L and the right-eye exit pupil 28R, respectively. That is, when the surgical site is observed by the operator 48, an enlarged image of the surgical site observed with the left eye 48L is used as the left-eye exit pupil 28L, and an enlarged image of the surgical site observed with the right eye 48R is used as the right-eye. Ejected by the exit pupil 28R.

  The left-eye image projected from the left-eye exit pupil 28L is transmitted in the direction of the left projection optical axis LP1 and formed on the surface of the hologram type diffractive optical element 34. The left-eye image is diffused and transmitted by the hologram type diffractive optical element 34 of the panel 33 and reflected by the Fresnel concave mirror 35 in the direction of the left reflection optical axis LR1. As a result, a left viewing zone LE1 is formed in which the left eye projection image is projected around the left reflected optical axis LR1. Similarly, the right viewing area RE1 in which the right eye projection image is projected around the right reflection optical axis RR1 is formed by the right eye image projected from the right eye exit pupil 28R. The operator 48 performs 3D observation by arranging the left eye 48L in the left viewing area LE1 and the right eye 48R in the right viewing area RE1.

  On the other hand, the second projector 26b operates in the same manner as the first projector 26a, and the assistant 50 places the left eye 50L in the left viewing area LE1 and the right eye 50R in the right viewing area RE1 formed by the second projector 26b. 3D observation is performed by arranging. Further, if necessary, the same CT image, MRI image, and the like are emitted from the left-eye exit pupil 30L and the right-eye exit pupil 30R of the second projector 26b. The assistant 50 performs 2D observation of CT images, MRI images, and the like by placing the left eye 50L in the left viewing area LE1 and the right eye 50R in the right viewing area RE1.

  Accordingly, the stereoscopic observation device 14 of the present embodiment has the following effects. By the first projector 26a, the left-eye image and the right-eye image having parallax with each other on the hologram type diffractive optical element 34 surface of the panel 33 via the left-eye exit pupil 28L and the right-eye exit pupil 28R are substantially displayed. The left and right images for 3D observation are imaged in the same manner, and the left-eye image and the right-eye image are respectively projected by diffusing, reflecting, and condensing the incident light beam by the hologram type diffractive optical element 34 and the Fresnel concave mirror 35. The viewing zones LE1 and RE1 are formed. Similarly, the left and right viewing zones LE2 and RE2 for 3D observation can be formed also by the second projector 26b. For this reason, a single panel 33 is used, and a plurality of persons such as the operator 48 and the assistant 50 can perform observation in the wide viewing zones LE1, RE1, LE2, and RE2. In addition, although the viewing areas LE2 and RE2 of the second projector 26b are not so wide, it can be said that when the 3D observation is performed by the second projector 26b, the viewing area LE2 and RE2 are appropriate. Is provided.

  In addition, the left eye 48L is disposed in the left viewing area LE1 and the right eye 48R is disposed in the right viewing area RE1 of the first projector 26a, thereby performing 3D observation of the microscope image. Further, the same CT image, MRI image, etc. are projected from the left-eye exit pupil 30L and the right-eye exit pupil 30R of the second projector 26b, the left eye 50L in the left viewing area LE2, and the right eye in the right viewing area RE2. By arranging 50R, 2D observation of CT images, MRI images, etc. is performed. In this way, a plurality of persons can observe different images with the single panel 33.

  In this embodiment, the surgical microscope 16 is used, but various observation devices capable of acquiring observation images for left and right eyes having parallax can be used. For example, it is possible to use a stereoscopic endoscope having an observation optical system for left and right eyes.

  The second projector 26b is arranged to form an image from an oblique direction toward the panel 33. In such an arrangement, when the projection optical system is constituted by a rotationally symmetric optical system, the image formed becomes an tilted image and image distortion occurs. This image distortion can be corrected as follows. In other words, the projector according to the present embodiment has image display means for displaying an image, and the displayed image is projected by the projection means through the exit pupil. In such a configuration, the image plane of the image display means, the main surface of the projection means, and the main surface of the Fresnel concave mirror of the panel are arranged in parallel, and the three are shifted in a direction substantially orthogonal to the projection optical axis; By doing so, image distortion can be corrected. Alternatively, the image distortion can be corrected by arranging the three elements so as to satisfy Shamfurk's law. Furthermore, it is possible to use a combination of such optical correction and electrical correction.

  6 to 8 show a second embodiment of the present invention. Components having the same functions as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. In this embodiment, a 2D projector 26c for 2D observation is used instead of the second projector 26b for 3D observation (see FIGS. 1 and 2) of the first embodiment.

  With reference to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, one of the imaging elements of the left and right observation optical systems of the surgical microscope 16 is electrically connected to the second camera controller. The second camera controller is electrically connected to the 2D projector 26c, and transmits a single image acquired by the surgical microscope 16 to the 2D projector 26c.

  As shown in FIGS. 6, 7 and 8A, the 2D projector 26c has a single exit pupil 30C having an aperture shape. The exit pupil 30C has a size including the left-eye exit pupil 28L and the right-eye exit pupil 28R of the first projector 26a. Then, the 2D projector 26c forms a single 2D image via the exit pupil 30C. Here, the projection center optical axis P2 of the 2D projector 26c passes through the intersection point X1 of the left projection optical axis LP1 and the right projection optical axis RP1 of the first projector 26a, and the imaging position of the 2D projector 26c is the first projector. This substantially coincides with the image forming position 26a.

  When a 2D projector 26c forms a single 2D image on the surface of the hologram type diffractive optical element 34, the viewing area DE where the 2D projection image can be observed is obtained by the action of the hologram type diffractive optical element 34 and the Fresnel concave mirror 35. It is formed in the vicinity. The vertical plane including the reflection center optical axis R2 of the 2D projector 26c forms an angle α with the panel surface, and the viewing zone DE is formed around the reflection center optical axis R2 of the 2D projector 26c. The assistant 50 can perform 2D observation by observing the 2D projection image with the left and right eyes 50L and 50R.

  Next, the operation of the stereoscopic observation apparatus 14 of this embodiment will be described. When an enlarged image of a surgical site, a CT image, or the like by the surgical microscope 16 is transmitted from the second camera controller to the 2D projector 26c, the 2D projector 26c transmits the image through the exit pupil 30C in the direction of the projection center optical axis P2. And imaged on the surface of the hologram type diffractive optical element 34. The image formed on the surface of the hologram type diffractive optical element 34 is diffused and transmitted by the hologram type diffractive optical element 34 and reflected by the Fresnel concave mirror 35 in the direction of the reflection center optical axis R2. As a result, a viewing zone DE in which a 2D projection image is projected around the reflection center optical axis R2 is formed. By arranging the left and right eyes 50L and 50R in the viewing zone DE, the assistant 50 can observe a 2D image.

  The viewing area DE of the 2D projector 26c has a size including the left viewing area LE1 and the right viewing area RE1 of the first projector 26a. Further, the viewing area DE of the 2D projector 26c increases in proportion to the distance from the panel surface along the reflection center optical axis R2. That is, the assistant 50 can observe the 2D image by disposing the left and right eyes 50L and 50R in the viewing zone DE even at the position S moved along the reflection center optical axis R2 indicated by a broken line in FIG. Is possible.

  Hereinafter, the viewing zones LE1 and RE1 of the first projector 26a and the viewing zone DE of the 2D projector 26c will be described in detail. FIG. 8B is a schematic diagram for explaining the viewing zones LE1 and RE1 of the first projector 26a. The projection center point of the left-eye exit pupil 28L is LO. The light beam reaching the right end point RPE of the panel 33 from the left projection center point LO is reflected as a light beam having a predetermined angle as indicated by R1 and R2 by the action of the hologram type diffractive optical element 34 and the Fresnel concave mirror 35. . Similarly, the light beam reaching the left end point LPE of the panel 33 from the left projection center point LO is reflected as a light beam having a predetermined angle as indicated by L1 and L2. Then, when the operator 48 places the left eye 48L in the viewing zone LE1 indicated by hatching in the figure surrounded by R1, R2, L1, and L2, the entire panel 33 can be observed without vignetting. .

  Similarly, assuming that the projection center point of the right-eye exit pupil 28R is RO, a viewing zone RE1 is formed corresponding to the right projection center point RO. When the operator 48 arranges the right eye 48R in the viewing area RE1, the entire panel 33 can be observed without vignetting, and 3D observation can be performed together with the left eye 48L. The right viewing area RE1 and the left viewing area LE1 are formed so as not to overlap each other.

  FIG. 8C is a schematic diagram illustrating the viewing area DE of the 2D projector 26c. Let the projection center point of the exit pupil 30C be CO. The light beam reaching the right end point RPE of the panel 33 from the projection center point CO is reflected as a light beam having a predetermined angle as indicated by R1 ′ and R2 ′ by the action of the hologram type diffractive optical element 34 and the Fresnel concave mirror 35. Is done. Similarly, the light beam reaching the left end point LPE of the panel 33 from the projection center point CO is reflected as a light beam having a predetermined angle as indicated by L1 'and L2'. When the operator 48 places the left and right eyes 48L and 48R in the viewing area DE indicated by hatching in the figure surrounded by R1 ′, R2 ′, L1 ′, and L2 ′, the entire panel 33 is observed without vignetting. It will be possible. A position S indicated by a broken line in FIG. 7 is included in the viewing zone DE.

  Therefore, the stereoscopic observation apparatus 14 of the present embodiment has the following effects in addition to the effects of the first embodiment. A 2D image is formed through a single exit pupil 30c by a 2D projector 26c, and a 2D image is projected by diffusing, reflecting, and condensing an incident light beam by a hologram type diffractive optical element 34 and a Fresnel concave mirror 35 of the panel 33. The viewing area DE for 2D observation is formed. For this reason, the viewing area DE is sufficiently wide as compared to the case where 2D observation is performed by projecting the same 2D image to the left viewing area LE1 and the right viewing area RE1 for 3D observation, and according to the image source. Optimal observation forms are provided.

  The assistant 50 can observe the 2D image at various positions moved along the reflection center optical axis R2 of the 2D projector 26c, and the degree of freedom of the observation position of the assistant 50 is increased.

  9 and 10 show a third embodiment of the present invention. Configurations having functions similar to those of the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. In the present embodiment, as will be described in detail below, the left and right viewing zones LE1, RE1 of the first projector 26a and the viewing zone DE of the 2D projector 26c are rotatable about the central axis of the boom 20.

  As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, in this embodiment, a rotating intermediate support portion 37 as an angle changing means is used instead of the intermediate support portion 22 (see FIGS. 6 and 7) of the second embodiment. The rotation intermediate support portion 37 is rotatable with the central axis of the boom 20 as the rotation axis T1. That is, the rotation intermediate support portion 37 has a substantially cylindrical shape, an opening 38 is formed on the upper end surface, and the lower end surface is closed. The inside of the rotation intermediate support portion 37 is subjected to a centering process with an inner diameter larger than the inner diameter of the opening 38. On the other hand, a flange 40 is formed at the end of the boom 20. A rotating intermediate support portion 37 is pivotally fixed to the end portion of the boom 20 through the opening 38 so that the central axis of the boom 20 can be freely rotated. A spring 42 is interposed between the boom 20 and the rotation intermediate support portion 37, and the flange 40 at the end of the boom 20 is in the direction of the rotation axis T <b> 1 with respect to the inner upper surface of the rotation intermediate support portion 37. It is in contact with. In addition, the sliding resistance of the spring 42 prevents the turning intermediate support portion 37 from naturally moving with respect to the boom 20 due to the weight of the first projector 26a, the 2D projector 26c, and the like. A holding arm 32 is connected to the lower end portion of the rotation intermediate support portion 37 in the direction of the rotation axis T1 of the boom 20.

  Next, the operation of the stereoscopic observation apparatus 14 of this embodiment will be described. The surgeon 48 performs 3D observation of the surgical site using the left and right viewing zones LE1 and RE1 of the first projector 26a, and the assistant 50 performs 2D observation of CT images, MRI images, and the like using the viewing zone DE of the 2D projector 26c. Yes. In such a case, the operator 48 may need to perform 2D observation. In this case, when the operator 48 rotates the panel 33, the holding arm 32, the rotation intermediate support portion 37, the first and second holding bars 24 a and 24 b, and the first projectors 26 a and 2 D are operated with respect to the boom 20. The projector 26c is rotated around the rotation axis T1. At this time, the relative positional relationship among the panel 33, the first projector 26a, and the 2D projector 26c is maintained. As a result, the viewing areas LE1 and RE1 of the first projector 26a and the viewing area DE of the 2D projector 26c are rotated about the rotation axis T1. The operator 48 rotates the panel 33 so that his / her left and right eyes 48L and 48R are arranged in the viewing area DE of the 2D projector 26c, and performs 2D observation with the left and right eyes 48L and 48R.

  Therefore, the stereoscopic observation apparatus 14 of the present embodiment has the following effects in addition to the effects of the second embodiment. When the operator 48 rotates the panel 33, the left and right viewing areas LE1, RE1 of the first projector 26a and the viewing area DE of the 2D projector 26c are rotated about the rotation axis T1. For this reason, it is possible to observe a 2D image in a wide viewing area DE by the 2D projector 26c without the operator 48 moving as necessary.

  11 and 12 show a fourth embodiment of the present invention. Configurations having functions similar to those of the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. In the present embodiment, as will be described in detail below, the viewing zones LE1, RE1 of the first projector 26a and the viewing zone DE of the 2D projector 26c are juxtaposed in a substantially vertical direction, and these viewing zones LE1, RE1, DE is movable in the vertical direction.

  As shown in FIG. 11, in the present embodiment, one holding bar 24 extends from the intermediate support portion 22, and the first projector 26 a and the 2D projector 26 c are integrated with the end portion of the holding bar 24. It is arranged. The first projector 26a and the 2D projector 26c are juxtaposed in the vertical direction, and the first projector 26a is disposed above and the 2D projector 26c is disposed below.

  The optical arrangement of the first projector 26a is the same as in the second embodiment. The projection center optical axis P1 of the first projector 26a and the projection center optical axis P2 of the 2D projector 26c are substantially included in the same vertical plane. The projection center optical axis P1 of the first projector 26a and the projection center optical axis P2 of the 2D projector 26c have an intersection, and this intersection is substantially arranged on the surface of the hologram type diffractive optical element 34. That is, the imaging center of the first projector 26a and the imaging center of the 2D projector 26c are substantially coincident.

  The central axes of the holding bar 24, the boom 20, and the holding arm 32 are substantially included in the vertical plane, and a panel 33 is connected to the end of the holding arm 32 via an angle changing means. In other words, a columnar member 44 extending in a direction perpendicular to the vertical plane is connected to the end portion of the holding arm 32. At both ends of the cylindrical member 44, pivot shafts are provided so as to project in the orthogonal directions. On the other hand, a pair of projections 46a and 46b are provided on the back side of the panel 33, and these projections 46a and 46b are arranged side by side in the orthogonal direction. Each projection 46a, 46b is formed with a coaxial through hole in the orthogonal direction, and the pivot shafts at both ends of the cylindrical member 44 are pivotally supported in these through holes so as to be rotatable in the direction around the axis thereof. ing. For this reason, the panel 33 is rotatable about the central axis of the cylindrical member 44 as the rotation axis T2. The rotation axis T2 can be regarded as passing substantially through the intersection of the projection center optical axis P1 of the first projector 26a and the projection center optical axis P2 of the 2D projector 26c.

  A spring 48 is provided around the pivot shaft between the cylindrical member 44 and the protrusions 46a and 46b. The sliding resistance of the spring 48 prevents the panel 33 from moving naturally due to its own weight or the like.

  The vertical planes including the projection center optical axes P1 and P2 of the first projector 26a and the 2D projector 26c substantially include the reflection center optical axes R1 and R2 of the first projector 26a and the 2D projector 26c. The reflection center optical axis R1 of the first projector 26a is disposed above the reflection center optical axis R2 of the 2D projector 26c. Then, the left viewing area LE1 and the right viewing area RE1 of the first projector 26a are arranged separated by a predetermined distance (for example, the eyelid of the operator 48) across the reflection center optical axis R1 of the first projector 26a. Is done. Further, the viewing area DE of the 2D projector 26c is arranged around the reflection center optical axis R2 of the 2D projector 26c. Accordingly, the viewing areas LE1 and RE1 of the first projector 26a and the viewing area DE of the 2D projector 26c are arranged side by side in a substantially vertical direction, and the viewing areas LE1 and RE1 of the first projector 26a are upward. The viewing zone DE is arranged below.

  Here, the angle changing means of this embodiment has a stopper (not shown) as a rotation angle restricting means for restricting the rotation angle of the panel 33. This stopper restricts the rotation angle of the panel 33 between the first angle and the second angle. The position of the reflection center optical axis R1 of the first projector 26a when the rotation angle of the panel 33 is the first angle and the reflection of the 2D projector 26c when the rotation angle of the panel 33 is the second angle. The position of the central optical axis R2 is substantially coincident with each other. That is, by switching the rotation angle of the panel 33 between the first angle and the second angle, the reflection center optical axes R1 and R2 are rotated by an angle between them, and the reflection center optical axis R1 and the reflection center light are rotated. Switching to the axis R2 is realized.

  Here, in order to rotate the reflection center optical axes R1 and R2 by an angle formed by each other, it is necessary to rotate the panel 33 by ½ of the angle formed by the panel 33. Therefore, in order to realize switching between the reflection center optical axis R1 and the reflection center optical axis R2, the difference between the first angle and the second angle is determined between the reflection center optical axis R1 and the reflection center optical axis R2. What is necessary is just to be about 1/2 of the angle to make.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 12A, when the rotation angle of the panel 33 is the first angle, the panel 33 is in a substantially vertical state, and the reflected central light of the first projector 26a. The axis R1 is arranged substantially horizontally. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 12 (B), when the rotation angle of the panel 33 is the second angle, the panel 33 changes from a substantially vertical state from the upper side of the panel 33 to the back side and the lower side to the front side. The reflection center optical axis R1 of the 2D projector 26c is arranged substantially horizontally, being rotated by the rotation angle θ1.

  In the present embodiment, the imaging surface of the first projector 26a is the surface of the hologram type diffractive optical element 34 shown in FIG. 12A when the panel 33 is in a substantially vertical state. On the other hand, the image formation surface of the 2D projector 26c is the surface of the hologram type diffractive optical element 34 in the state where the panel 33 is rotated by the rotation angle θ1 as shown in FIG.

  Next, the operation of the stereoscopic observation apparatus 14 of this embodiment will be described. When the surgeon 48 performs 3D observation, as shown in FIG. 12A, the panel 33 is rotated and arranged in a substantially vertical state. As a result, the image emitted from the first projector 26 a is formed on the panel surface, and the left and right viewing zones LE 1 and RE 1 are left and right eyes 48 L and 48 L of the operator 48 by the action of the hologram type diffractive optical element 34 and the Fresnel concave mirror 35. Arranged in the vicinity of 48R. The left and right eyes 48L and 48R of the operator 48 are arranged in these left and right viewing areas LE1 and RE1, and 3D observation is performed.

  At this time, since the imaging position of the 2D projector 26c is deviated from the panel surface, the 2D image projected on the viewing area DE of the 2D projector 26c is a blurred image. Since the viewing area DE of the 2D projector 26c is arranged below the viewing areas LE1 and RE1 of the first projector 26a, for example, on the chest of the operator 48, 3D observation by the viewing areas LE1 and RE1 of the first projector 26a is performed. Not disturb.

  On the other hand, when the operator 48 performs 2D observation, as shown in FIG. 12B, the panel 33 is rotated to rotate the upper side to the back side and the lower side to the front side by a predetermined angle θ1. Shift to a state. As a result, the viewing area DE of the 2D projector 26c is moved upward, and the viewing area DE is arranged in the vicinity of the left and right eyes 48L and 48R of the operator 48. In this way, the viewing areas LE1 and RE1 of the first projector 26a and the viewing area DE of the 2D projector 26c are switched. The left and right eyes 48L and 48R of the operator 48 are placed in the viewing area DE to perform 2D observation.

  At this time, since the imaging position of the first projector 26a is shifted from the panel surface, the 3D image projected on the viewing zones LE1 and RE1 of the first projector 26a is a blurred image. Since the viewing areas LE1 and RE1 of the first projector 26a are arranged above the viewing area DE of the 2D projector 26c, for example, above the head of the operator 48, 2D observation by the viewing area DE of the 2D projector 26c is performed. I do not disturb.

  Therefore, the stereoscopic observation apparatus 14 of the present embodiment has the following effects in addition to the effects of the second embodiment. The left and right viewing areas LE1 and RE1 of the first projector 26a and the viewing area DE of the 2D projector 26c are arranged side by side in a substantially vertical direction, and can be moved up and down in the vertical direction by rotating the panel 33. . Therefore, by operating the panel 33 to rotate, the operator 48 changes the left and right viewing areas LE1 and RE1 of the first projector 26a and the viewing area DE of the 2D projector 26c without changing the standing position. It is possible to selectively perform 3D observation and 2D observation by arranging in the vicinity of 48R. That is, switching between 3D observation and 2D observation is easy.

  Further, the rotation angle of the panel 33 is restricted to ½ of the angle formed by the reflection center optical axis R1 of the first projector 26a and the reflection center optical axis R2 of the second projector 26b. For this reason, the rotation angle of the panel 33 is restricted to a minimum angle range necessary for switching between the left and right viewing areas LE1, RE1 of the first projector 26a and the viewing area DE of the 2D projector 26c.

Next, other characteristic technical matters of the present application are appended as follows.
Record
(Additional Item 1) First image projecting means for forming two images having parallax substantially on the same plane through a pair of left and right exit pupils, and having an action of diffusing and transmitting an incident light beam A hologram type diffractive optical element disposed at or near the imaging position of the first image projecting means, and a Fresnel concave mirror having an action of reflecting and condensing the diffused light beam transmitted through the hologram type diffractive optical element; Stereoscopic observation characterized by comprising: a holding means for the hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel concave mirror; and a second image projection means for forming an image on the same plane as the imaging position of the first image projection means. apparatus.

(Additional Item 2) First image projecting means that forms two images having parallax substantially on the same plane through a pair of left and right exit pupils, and has a function of diffusing and transmitting an incident light beam A hologram type diffractive optical element disposed at or near the imaging position of the first image projecting means, and a Fresnel concave mirror having an action of reflecting and condensing the diffused light beam transmitted through the hologram type diffractive optical element; A stereoscopic observation apparatus comprising: a holding unit for the hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel concave mirror; and a second image projecting unit that forms an image on the same plane as the hologram type diffractive optical element.

(Additional Item 3) The stereoscopic observation apparatus according to Additional Item 1 or 2, wherein the second image projecting unit has the same configuration as the first image projecting unit.

(Additional Item 4) The second image projecting unit forms two images having parallax with each other on the same plane through a pair of exit pupils so as to form an image at the imaging position of the first image projecting unit. The three-dimensional observation device according to additional item 3, characterized by:

(Additional Item 5) The second image projecting unit forms two images having parallax substantially coincide with each other on the hologram type diffractive optical element through a pair of exit pupils. Stereoscopic observation device.

(Additional Item 6) An additional point of the pair of projection optical axes of the second image projection unit coincides with an intersection point of the pair of projection optical axes of the first image projection unit. The stereoscopic observation apparatus of any one of thru | or 5.

(Additional Item 7) The stereoscopic observation apparatus according to Additional Item 1 or 2, wherein the second image projection unit has one exit pupil.

(Additional Item 8) The angle of view of the reflection projection image projected from the second image projection unit and reflected by the Fresnel concave mirror is reflected by the reflection projection image projected from the first image projection unit and reflected by the Fresnel concave mirror. The stereoscopic observation apparatus according to additional item 7, wherein the stereoscopic observation apparatus is larger than the angle of view.

(Additional Item 9) The second image projection unit has at least a size larger than a pupil area circumscribing the two pupils with respect to the pair of left and right exit pupils of the first image projection unit. Item 3. The stereoscopic observation apparatus according to item 7 or 8, wherein

(Additional Item 10) In the additional items 7, 8, or 10, wherein the projection optical axis of the second image projection unit passes through an intersection of a pair of projection optical axes of the first image projection unit. Stereoscopic observation device.

(Additional Item 11) The holding means is switchable so that the directions of the reflected optical axes projected from the first image projecting means and the second image projecting means and reflected and projected by the Fresnel concave mirror substantially coincide with each other. The stereoscopic observation apparatus according to additional item 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, or 9, further comprising angle changing means for the hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel concave mirror.

(Additional Item 12) The holding means passes through the intersection of the optical axis of the first image projection means and the optical axis of the second image projection means, and passes through the first image projection means and the second image projection. The stereoscopic observation apparatus according to additional item 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, or 11 having a rotation axis about an axis perpendicular to a plane including both optical axes of the means .

(Additional Item 13) The stereoscopic observation apparatus according to Additional Item 12, wherein the holding unit includes a rotation angle regulating unit for the rotation shaft.

(Additional Item 14) The rotation angle restricting means is an angle changing means that restricts the angle of projection of the first image projecting means and the second image projecting means to a half of the projection angle with respect to the Fresnel concave mirror. The three-dimensional observation device according to Additional Item 13, which is a feature.

(Additional Item 15) The second image projecting unit is arranged on either the left, right, upper, or lower side of the first image projecting unit, and is condensed and formed by the Fresnel concave mirror. The stereoscopic observation apparatus according to any one of Additional Items 1 to 14, wherein a projection pupil by the second image projection unit is disposed outside a range of a projection pupil disposed at a position conjugate with the pair of exit pupils. .

  The present invention enables a 3D observation without using special glasses for 3D observation, which enables a viewing area to be enlarged, observation by a plurality of persons, and provision of an optimal observation form according to an image source using a single panel. A possible stereoscopic observation apparatus is provided.

The perspective view which shows the three-dimensional observation apparatus of 1st Embodiment of this invention. The top view which shows the three-dimensional observation apparatus of 1st Embodiment of this invention. Explanatory drawing for demonstrating the hologram type | mold diffraction optical element and Fresnel concave mirror of 1st Embodiment of this invention. Explanatory drawing for demonstrating arrangement | positioning of the +/- 1st-order light expansion viewing area in the hologram type | mold diffractive optical element and Fresnel concave mirror of 1st Embodiment of this invention. Explanatory drawing for demonstrating visible region wavelength dispersion in the hologram type | mold diffractive optical element and Fresnel concave mirror of 1st Embodiment of this invention. The perspective view which shows the three-dimensional observation apparatus of 2nd Embodiment of this invention. The top view which shows the three-dimensional observation apparatus of 2nd Embodiment of this invention. (A) is a schematic diagram showing an exit pupil of a first projector and a 2D projector of a stereoscopic observation apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and (B) is a viewing area of the first projector of the stereoscopic observation apparatus according to the embodiment. (C) is a schematic diagram which shows the visual field of the 2D projector of the stereoscopic observation apparatus of the embodiment. The perspective view which shows the three-dimensional observation apparatus of 3rd Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing which shows the periphery of the rotation intermediate support part of the three-dimensional observation apparatus of 3rd Embodiment of this invention. The perspective view which shows the three-dimensional observation apparatus of 4th Embodiment of this invention. (A) is a side view for explaining 3D observation using the stereoscopic observation apparatus of the fourth embodiment of the present invention, and (B) is a side view for explaining 2D observation using the stereoscopic observation apparatus of the same embodiment. Figure.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 14 ... Stereoscopic observation apparatus, 26a ... 1st image projection means, 26b ... 2nd image projection means, 28L, 28R, 30L, 30R, 30C ... Exit pupil, 34 ... Hologram type diffractive optical element, 35 ... Fresnel concave mirror.

Claims (13)

First image projecting means for imaging two images having parallax with each other on substantially the same plane through a pair of exit pupils;
Second image projection means for imaging at least one image in the vicinity of the imaging position of the first image projection means via at least one exit pupil;
A holographic diffractive optical element disposed so as to include the imaging positions of the first and second image projecting means, and diffusing and transmitting an incident light beam;
A Fresnel concave mirror that reflects and condenses the diffused light beam transmitted through the hologram type diffractive optical element;
A stereoscopic observation apparatus comprising:   2. The stereoscopic observation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second image projecting unit forms two images having parallax substantially coincide with each other on substantially the same plane via a pair of exit pupils. . A pair of projection optical axes through a pair of exit pupils of the first image projection means have intersections;
A pair of projection optical axes through a pair of exit pupils of the second image projection means have intersections;
The intersection of the first image projection means and the intersection of the second image projection means substantially coincide with each other;
The stereoscopic observation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein:   The stereoscopic observation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second image projection unit forms one image through one exit pupil.   The stereoscopic observation apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a viewing zone formed by the second image projection unit is larger than a viewing zone formed by the first image projection unit.   6. The stereoscopic observation apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the one exit pupil of the second image projection unit has a size including the pair of exit pupils of the first image projection unit. . A pair of projection optical axes through a pair of exit pupils of the first image projection means have intersections;
The projection center optical axis through the one exit pupil of the second image projecting unit substantially passes through the intersection point of the first image projecting unit. Stereoscopic observation device. First image projecting means for imaging two images having parallax with each other on substantially the same plane through a pair of exit pupils;
Second image projection means for imaging at least one image in the vicinity of the imaging position of the first image projection means via at least one exit pupil;
A holographic diffractive optical element disposed including the imaging positions of the first and second image projecting means and diffusing and transmitting an incident light beam;
A Fresnel concave mirror that reflects and condenses the diffused light beam transmitted through the hologram type diffractive optical element;
Holding means for holding the hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel concave mirror;
A stereoscopic observation apparatus comprising:   The holding unit changes the angle formed by the hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel concave mirror with respect to the projection center optical axis of the first image projecting unit and the second image projecting unit, and the hologram type diffractive optical element is changed. The stereoscopic observation apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising an angle changing unit that changes a direction of a reflection center optical axis of the first image projecting unit and the second image projecting unit by the Fresnel concave mirror. . The angle changing means can switch the hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel concave mirror between a first angle and a second angle,
The reflection center optical axis of the first image projection means at the first angle and the reflection center optical axis of the second image projection means at the second angle substantially coincide with each other.
The three-dimensional observation apparatus according to claim 9. The projection center optical axis of the first image projection means and the projection center optical axis of the second image projection means have an intersection,
The angle changing unit has a rotation axis that substantially passes through the intersection point and is substantially orthogonal to a plane including the projection center optical axis of the first image projection unit and the projection center optical axis of the second image projection unit. ,
The hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel concave mirror are rotated around the rotation axis.
The three-dimensional observation apparatus according to claim 9. The angle changing means includes a rotation angle restricting means for restricting a rotation angle of the hologram type diffractive optical element and the Fresnel concave mirror around the rotation axis.
The three-dimensional observation apparatus according to claim 11.   The rotation angle restricting means sets the rotation angle within an angle range of approximately ½ of an angle formed by a reflection center optical axis of the first image projection means and a reflection center optical axis of the second image projection means. The stereoscopic observation apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the stereoscopic observation apparatus is regulated.

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