JP2006212707A - Friction stir welding method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To shorten a working time by joining upper and lower faces of members at the same time with friction stir welding. <P>SOLUTION: A first panel 56 and a second panel 57 are made to butt to each other. Each of the panels comprises a first plate, and second and third plates which are connected to both ends of the first plate. The second plate and the third plate are substantially parallel to each other, and the first plate intersects with the second and third plates substantially at right angles. The first plates of the first panel and the second panel are made to butt to each other, and one rotating tool 50 and another rotating tool 50a are placed at the butting portions on the side of the second plate and on the side of the third plate respectively. The other rotating tool 50a is arranged in the vertical direction of the rotating tool 50, and both the rotating tools are moved at the substantially same speed to practice friction stir welding. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a friction stir welding method, and is suitable for joining panels used in, for example, aluminum alloy railway vehicles and buildings.

  As for a two-sided structure (panel) of a structure of a railway vehicle, one using a hollow mold is shown in Patent Document 1, and one using a laminated panel such as a honeycomb panel is shown in Patent Document 2. .

In the friction stir welding method, a round bar inserted in a joint is rotated to generate heat and soften and join. This joining is applied to the butt portion and the overlapping portion. This is shown in WO 93/10935 (EP 0615480B1, same as JP 7-505090), Welding & Metal Fabrication, January 1995, pages 13 to 16.
JP-A-2-246863 JP-A-6-106661

  In the friction stir welding method, a downward force is applied to the joint portion because of a reaction in which a member immediately below the rotary tool (round bar) is discharged to the surface during joining. For this reason, when this joining method is applied to the joining of a two-sided structure (panel), the joint member of the joining portion is washed down by this downward force, causing deformation and constructing a good joining. could not.

  The two-sided structure (panel) includes, for example, an aluminum alloy extruded mold hollow mold and a honeycomb panel. Conventionally, MIG welding or TIG welding has been performed as a joint between the panels. When friction joining is applied to this joint shape, the joint bends downward or the member is caused to flow downward due to the pressing force at the time of friction joining.

  The inventor has discovered the above phenomenon through various experiments.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a friction stir welding method that suppresses deformation of a member when the members are joined by friction welding.

  The above object is achieved by a friction joining method between a first panel and a second panel, wherein the first panel includes a first plate and a second plate substantially parallel to the first plate; And a third plate that connects the first plate and the second plate at their widthwise ends, and is substantially perpendicular to the first plate and the second plate, The connection portion between the third plate and the second plate of the first panel has a recess opening in the thickness direction of the first panel and in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction. The second panel includes a first plate, a second plate substantially parallel to the first plate, and a third plate connecting the first plate and the second plate. And an end of the first plate of the second panel is disposed in the recess of the first panel, and then the first plate of the second panel and the First The overlapping portions between the recesses of the panel, the friction stir welding from the outside of the extension line of the third plate of the first panel, is achieved by.

  According to the present invention, since the part connecting the two plates is joined from both sides, deformation of the members to be joined from both sides can be suppressed, and good joining can be achieved.

  The embodiment of FIG. 1 is a case where the shape of the joint portion of the hollow mold members 31 and 32 as a panel is a butt type. At the ends of the hollow mold members 31 and 32 in the width direction, there are vertical plates 36 and 36. Before joining, there are vertical plates 36 and 36 immediately below the rotary tool 50, and the plates 36 and 36 face each other and are in contact with each other. When separated, the gap between the two is small. The gap is about 1 mm. The center of the convex portion 52 is located on the extension line between the plates 36 and 36. The plates 36, 36 have rigidity sufficient to support the downward force. The plate 36 is orthogonal to the two plates 33 and 34. The hollow mold members 31 and 32 are aluminum alloy extrusion mold members. The upper and lower surfaces of the hollow mold material 31 coincide with the upper and lower surfaces of the hollow mold material 32. That is, the thickness of the hollow mold members 31 and 32 is the same. The same applies to the following embodiments. At the time of friction welding, a boundary 53 between the large-diameter portion 51 and the small-diameter convex portion 52 of the rotary tool 50 is located on the upper surfaces of the hollow mold members 31 and 32. 35 connects two plates 36, 36, and a plurality of them are arranged in a truss shape. The shapes of the ends of the hollow mold members 31 and 32 are symmetrical. The hollow mold members 31 and 32 are placed on a gantry (not shown) and fixed so as not to move. There is also a gantry below the plates 36 and 36.

  Friction welding is performed by rotating the rotary tool 50 and inserting the convex portion 52 into the joint portion of the hollow mold members 31 and 32 and moving it along the joint portion. The rotation center of the convex portion 52 is between the two plates 36 and 36.

  FIG. 2 shows a state after friction welding. 45 shows the shape of the bonded bead after bonding. The center of the width of the joining bead 45 is located on the extension line between the plates 36 and 36. There is a bead 45 in the range of the extension of the thickness of the plates 36, 36. The depth of the joining bead 45 is determined by the height of the convex part 52 at the lower end of the rotary tool 50 inserted into the joining part.

  According to this, since the plates 36 and 36 perpendicular to the plates 33 and 34 support the vertical force at the time of friction welding, the joint portion does not bend and a good connection can be obtained as shown in FIG. . The plate 36 is orthogonal to the plates 33 and 34 as much as possible.

  Note that a hole may be made in the plate 36 for weight reduction. The same applies to the following embodiments.

  The lower surface side is joined by inverting the upper and lower surfaces of the hollow mold material.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 3, there is a plate 36 at the end of one hollow mold 31, and there is no plate 36 at the end of the other hollow mold 32. The corners in the vertical direction of the plate 36 of the hollow mold 31 are recessed so that the tips of the protruding pieces 38, 38 at the end of the hollow mold 32 can be placed. The recess is open in the thickness direction of the hollow mold 31 and in the direction perpendicular to the thickness (hollow mold 32 side). When the protruding piece 38 is placed (stacked) on the recess, both are in contact with each other in the figure, but there is actually a gap. There is also a gap between the tips of the two (between the protruding pieces 38, 38 and the corners 33b, 34b). The abutting portion and the plate 36 are located at the butting portion on the surface side of the two hollow mold members 31, 32, that is, immediately below the center of the rotary tool 50. The rotation center of the convex portion 52 is located on the extension line of the center of the thickness of the plate 36. That is, the joint between the plate 33 (34) and the plate 33 (34) is positioned on the extension line at the center of the thickness of the plate 36. The corners 33b and 34b extending from the plates 33 and 34 to the recesses are on an extension line at the center of the thickness of the plate 36. Alternatively, the positions of the corners 33b, 34b are slightly left of the extension line at the center of the thickness of the plate 36 in FIG. The plate 36 has rigidity to support the normal force. The horizontal distance between the tip of the projecting piece 38 and the hollow mold 31 is the same as in FIG. The height of the convex portion 52 of the rotary tool 50 is about the thickness of the protruding piece 38. Generally, it will be in a plastic flow state below the convex part 38, and will be friction-joined. Similarly, it becomes a plastic flow state larger than the diameter of the convex portion 52. It is desirable that the lower surface of the projecting piece 38 and the plate 36 be frictionally joined to the lower part of the contact portion.

  FIG. 4 shows a state after joining. The center of the width of the joining bead 45 is located on the extension line of the center of the thickness of the plate 36.

  In order to support the normal force, it is desirable that the rotation center of the rotary tool 50 be on an extension line of the central portion of the thickness of the plate 36. In order to make the joining amount of the left and right hollow mold members 31 and 32 the same, it is desirable that the corner portions 33b and 34b are on the extension line. Although it is desirable that the convex portion 52 of the rotary tool 50 be within the range of the extension line of the thickness of the plate 36, the thickness of the plate 36 is determined by the normal force, the position of the convex portion 52, and the strength of the plate 36. For this reason, the case where the thickness of the board 36 is smaller than the diameter of the convex part 52 can be considered. Further, considering the position error of the rotary tool 50 and the position errors of the corners 33b and 34b, the corners 33b and 34b are in the range of the extension line of the thickness of the plate 36, and the convexity of the rotary tool 50 is in the above range. It is desirable that at least a part of the portion 52 is located. According to this, the plate 36 can receive the vertical force at all, and the deformation of the joint can be substantially prevented and a good joint can be obtained. If the bead 45 is used as a reference, the bead 45 is slightly larger than the convex portion 52, but the same can be said. The same applies to other embodiments.

  According to this joint shape, according to an experiment, in general, compared to the case of FIG. 1, even when the horizontal distance between the protruding piece 38 and the hollow mold 31 is large, the dent of the joint can be reduced. It is. For this reason, it looks good and can reduce the amount of putty even when painting. This is considered to be because the gap between the two ends with the thickness of the protruding piece 38. Moreover, it is generally considered that the weight can be reduced. Further, since one hollow mold material is fitted into the other, it is possible to easily align both in the height direction.

  The shape of the end portion of the hollow mold material 31 is bilaterally symmetric, and the shape of the end portion of the hollow mold material 32 is bilaterally symmetric. Alternatively, one end of the hollow mold 31 is as shown in FIG. 3, and the other end is the shape of the end of the hollow mold 32 in FIG.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 5, there is substantially no vertical plate 36 immediately below the corners 33 b and 34 b of the recesses of the hollow mold 31. The right end of the plate 36 is on the extended line of the corners 33b and 34b. The rotation center of the rotary tool 50 is on this extension line. The thickness of the projecting piece 37 positioned below in the joint is increased, and the arc of the connecting portion from the tip of the projecting piece 37 to the plate 36 is increased so that the end of the hollow mold 31 supports the vertical force. I have to. The projecting piece 38 of the other hollow mold member 32 overlaps the recess of the projecting piece 37 as in the embodiment of FIG. The other hollow mold member 32 has a plate 36 for connecting the two plates 33 and 34 near the protruding piece. Thereby, even if there is no vertical plate 36 directly under the corner of the recess, no defect occurs in the joint. However, there is a plate 36 of the panel 31 in the vertical direction of the range of the bead 45. FIG. 6 shows a state after joining.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the plate 36 of the hollow mold member 32 can be removed.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 7, in the embodiment of FIG. 5, convex portions 37a and 38a projecting to the surface side are provided at the joint portions of the two hollow mold members 31 and 32. That is, the thickness of the joint is increased. The height of the convex part 37a and the convex part 38a is the same. Other shapes are the same as in FIG. 5, but the thickness of the plate 36 and the projecting piece 37 is slightly reduced.

  According to this, even if there is a gap between the convex portion 37a and the convex portion 38a before the friction bonding, the volume of the convex portions 37a, 38a fills the gap by the friction bonding. For this reason, it looks good and the amount of putty can be reduced.

  Further, conventionally, voids have been generated in the volume of the member 41 that has flowed downward due to the downward force and in the joining bead. According to the joint shape of FIG. 7, the protrusions 37a and 38a are plastically flowed and pushed downward by the rotary tool 50 at the time of joining, so that the volume of the lost member 41 is compensated. It is possible to prevent and perform good bonding. FIG. 8 shows the shape of the bead 45 after joining. After joining, if there is an unnecessary part, it is cut as shown in the figure.

  The convex portions 37a and 38a can be applied to FIGS. 1, 3, 5R> 5, and the embodiments described later.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 9, the upper and lower surfaces can be joined from only one side. Ends on the lower surface side of the hollow mold members 31 and 32 project the projecting piece 34a from the same surface as the lower plates 34 and 34 to the other hollow mold material side. The tips of the projecting pieces 34a, 34a are substantially in contact with each other. The front ends of the upper plates 33, 33 are located behind the front ends of the lower plates 34a, 34a. The front end portions of the upper plates 33 and 33 and the lower plates 34 and 34 are connected by vertical plates 36 and 36. The plates 36 and 36 are connected in the middle of the plate 34. There are recesses 39, 39 where the joints 60 overlap at the top of the vertical plates 36, 36. When the joint 60 is placed in the recesses 39, 39, it becomes flush with the upper surfaces of the plates 33, 33 on the upper surface of the joint 60. The distance between the two plates 36 and 36 is large enough to insert the rotary tool 50 and is as small as possible. The relationship between the plate 36 and the recess 39 is as described in the embodiments of FIGS.

  The joining procedure will be described. In the state of FIG. 9A, the tips of the lower plates 34 a and 34 a are joined by the rotary tool 50. At this time, the hollow mold members 31 and 32 are placed on the bed including the joint portions of the plates 34a and 34a. The upper surface of the joint bed (back of the joint bead) is flat. The height of the convex portion 52 of the rotary tool 50 is smaller than the thickness of the plates 34a, 34a. According to this, the lower surface after joining becomes flat. For this reason, this lower surface side can be easily made into the outer surface of the structure of a railway vehicle, or the outer surface of structures, such as a building (it says the surface which does not arrange a decorative board on the surface). Generally, unevenness is likely to occur on the upper surface side (the boundary 53) of the friction joint.

  Next, the joint 60 is placed between the two hollow mold members 31 and 32 as shown in FIG.

  The longitudinal section of the joint 60 is T-shaped. When both ends of the joint 60 are overlapped with the recesses 32, 32, the lower end of the vertical piece 61 has a gap between the lower surface plate and the joining bead. The vertical side 61 may not be provided.

  Next, as shown in (C), the joint between the joint 60 and the hollow mold 31 is friction-joined with the rotary tool 50. The rotary tool 50 does not have to be the same as the joining tool of (A).

  Next, as shown in (D), the joint between the joint 60 and the hollow mold member 32 is friction-joined with the rotary tool 50.

  According to this, joining can be performed from one surface side, and reversing work can be made unnecessary. By omitting the reversing operation, it is possible to obtain merits such as omission of the reversing and positioning time, omission of the reversing device, and improvement of assembly accuracy.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the upper and lower surfaces of the hollow mold members 51 and 52 are simultaneously friction-joined. There is a rotary tool 50a that joins the lower part of the upper rotary tool 50 in the vertical direction. The convex portion 52 of the rotary tool 50a faces upward. With the two rotary tools 50 and 50a facing each other, they are moved at the same speed to perform friction welding. Reference numerals 70 and 70 denote beds. The rotation centers of the tools 50 and 50a are on the same line. On this line, there are joint portions of the hollow mold members 31 and 32.

  According to this, since the rotation center of the other rotary tool 50a is on the extension line of the rotation center of the one rotary tool 50, the force is balanced, the deformation of the joining portion is small, and the joining can be performed in a short time. Since it is not necessary to invert the hollow mold members 31 and 32, deformation is small and work time can be reduced.

  This embodiment can also be applied to other embodiments.

  Each of the above embodiments uses a hollow material as a panel. The following examples show cases where the present invention is applied to honeycomb panels. As shown in FIG. 11, the honeycomb panels 80 a and 80 b include two face plates 81 and 82, a core material 83 having honeycomb-shaped cells, and an edge member 84 arranged along the end faces of the face plates 81 and 82. The core member 83 and the edge member 84 are brazed to the face plates 81 and 82 and integrated. The face plates 81 and 82, the core member 83, and the edge member 84 are made of an aluminum alloy. The edge member 84 is an extruded mold member and has a quadrangular cross section. The thickness of each piece is greater than the thickness of the plates 81 and 82. The thickness of the vertical pieces of the edge members 84 and 84 that are in contact with each other is the same as in the case of FIG. The two honeycomb panels 80a and 80b have the same thickness.

  The embodiment of FIG. 11 corresponds to the embodiment of FIG. The height of the convex portion 52 of the rotary tool 50 is larger than the thickness of the face plates 81 and 82. Thereby, the face plates 81 and 82 and the edge members 84 and 84 are joined. Mainly, the edge member 84 transmits a load acting on the panels 80a and 80b. After manufacturing the panels 80a and 80b, the two are combined and friction welding is performed.

  The embodiment of FIG. 12 corresponds to FIG. The edge member 84 of the honeycomb panel 80a has a substantially quadrangular cross section, and has a recess at the corner. The edge member 84 of the honeycomb panel 80b has a channel shape in which the end portion side of the honeycomb panel 80b is open, and the front end thereof is placed in the concave portion of the edge member 80a.

  A honeycomb panel corresponding to FIG. 5 can be manufactured in the same manner.

  The embodiment of FIG. 13 corresponds to FIG. After the two honeycomb panels 80a0 and 80b are combined, a plate 86 is placed on the upper surfaces of the face plates 81 and 81, and temporarily fixed to the plates 81 and 81 by welding. The plate 86 supplements the material that flows out by plastic flow. Further, in FIG. 1212, the vertical piece on the end side of the edge member 84 of the honeycomb panel 80 a is removed. The normal force is handled by the thickness of the horizontal piece and the shape of the surrounding area.

  The embodiment of FIG. 14 will be described. Although the embodiment up to FIG. 13 is a panel having two surfaces (plates), the embodiment of FIG. 14 is a panel 91, 92 having substantially one surface (plates 94, 94). However, at the end portions of the panels 91 and 92, friction bonding is performed at two places, the outer side where the plates 94 and 94 are present and the inner side where there is no plate. For this reason, there is a surface (plate 93, 93) with a small width at the inner joint. The plates 93 and 93 are supported by the plates 96 and 96. Even in this case, it can be said that the plate 96 is substantially orthogonal to the plates 93 and 94. The plates 93 and 94 are provided with convex portions 37a and 38a similar to those in FIG. A plurality of strength member ribs (plates) 95 and 95 are arranged on the plates 94 and 94 at predetermined intervals. The cross section of the rib 95 is T-shaped. The top surface of the rib 95 is flush with the top surface of the plate 93 at the joint. A strength member (for example, a column) is welded to the top surfaces of the both, or an attachment seat for the article. The plates 93 and 93 serve as seats for managing the height position of the tool 50. The moving body including the tool 50 moves on the plates 93 and 93. Due to the plates 93 and 94, the panels 91 and 92 can be said to be a two-sided structure. Panels 91 and 92 are extruded molds.

  The shape of the joint portion between the panel 91 and the panel 92 in FIG. 14 is such that the plates 96 and 96 face each other in the same manner as in FIG. 1, but can be overlapped as in FIGS. 3, 5, and 7.

  FIG. 15 is a diagram showing application to a railway vehicle structure. The structure is composed of a side structure 101, a roof structure 102, a floor structure 103, and a wife structure 104 at the end in the longitudinal direction.

  In the side structure 101 and the roof structure 102, for example, the longitudinal direction of the panels 31, 32, 80a, 80b, 91, and 92 is the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. The connection between the side structure 101 and the roof structure 102, the connection between the side structure 101 and the floor structure 103, and the like are performed by MIG welding. The roof structure 102 and the side structure 101 are often arc-shaped. When the panels 91 and 92 are used for the side structure 102, the surface with the plate 96 and the rib 96 is the vehicle interior side, and the strength member is a column.

  In addition, the panels 31 and 32 of FIG. 9 can be combined arbitrarily. End portions of the protruding plates 34a, 34a overlap with the recesses 39, 39 on the plate 32 side. The joint 60 is not used. The joint can be friction-joined simultaneously from above and below. The plates 33 and 34a can be provided with convex portions as shown in FIG.

  The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the language described in each claim of the claims or the language described in the section of the problem to be solved by the invention, and extends to a range easily replaced by those skilled in the art. Is.

The longitudinal cross-sectional view of one Example of this invention. The longitudinal cross-sectional view after friction welding in FIG. The longitudinal cross-sectional view of the other Example of this invention. FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view after friction welding in FIG. 3. The longitudinal cross-sectional view of the other Example of this invention. The longitudinal cross-sectional view after friction welding in FIG. The longitudinal cross-sectional view of the other Example of this invention. FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view after friction welding in FIG. 7. The longitudinal cross-sectional view explaining the procedure of the friction welding of the other Example of this invention. The longitudinal cross-sectional view of the other Example of this invention. The longitudinal cross-sectional view of the other Example of this invention. The longitudinal cross-sectional view of the other Example of this invention. The longitudinal cross-sectional view of the other Example of this invention. The longitudinal cross-sectional view of the other Example of this invention. The perspective view of the structure of a rail vehicle.

Explanation of symbols

31, 32 Hollow mold material 33, 34, 34a Plate 35 Rib 36 Plate 50 Rotating body for joining 33b, 34b Corner portion 37a, 38a Convex portion 39 Concave portion 91, 92 Mold material

Claims (8)

In the friction joining method between the first panel and the second panel,
The first panel includes a first plate, a second plate substantially parallel to the first plate, and an end portion in the width direction of the first plate and the second plate. And a third plate substantially perpendicular to the first plate and the second plate,
The connecting portion between the third plate and the second plate of the first panel has a recess opening in the thickness direction of the first panel and in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction,
The second panel includes a first plate, a second plate substantially parallel to the first plate, and a third plate connecting the first plate and the second plate. And consists of
An end of the first plate of the second panel is disposed in the recess of the first panel,
Next, the overlapping portion of the first plate of the second panel and the concave portion of the first panel is joined by friction stir welding from the outside of the extension line of the third plate of the first panel. To do,
A friction stir welding method characterized by the above. In the friction stir welding method according to claim 1,
The friction stir welding is performed from a thickness range of the third plate;
A friction stir welding method characterized by the above. In the friction stir welding method according to claim 1,
The friction stir welding is performed from an extension line at the center of the thickness of the third plate;
A friction stir welding method characterized by the above. In the friction stir welding method according to claim 1,
Disposing the outer surface of the first plate of the first panel and the outer surface of the first plate of the second panel in substantially the same plane, and performing the friction stir welding;
A friction stir welding method characterized by the above. In the friction joining method between the first panel and the second panel,
The first panel includes a first plate, a second plate substantially parallel to the first plate, and an end portion in the width direction of the first plate and the second plate. And a third plate substantially perpendicular to the first plate and the second plate,
The connecting portion between the third plate and the second plate of the first panel has a recess opening in the thickness direction of the first panel and in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction,
The second panel comprises at least a first plate,
An end of the first plate of the second panel is disposed in the recess of the first panel,
Next, the overlapping portion of the first plate of the second panel and the concave portion of the first panel is joined by friction stir welding from the outside of the extension line of the third plate of the first panel. To do,
A friction stir welding method characterized by the above. In the friction stir welding method according to claim 5,
Disposing the outer surface of the first plate of the first panel and the outer surface of the first plate of the second panel in substantially the same plane, and performing the friction stir welding;
A friction stir welding method characterized by the above. In the friction stir welding method according to claim 5,
The joint bead for friction stir welding formed on the first plate of the panel structure and the first plate of the panel is at least within the thickness range of the third plate of the panel structure. Forming,
A friction stir welding method characterized by the above. In the friction stir welding method according to claim 5,
The center of the joint bead in the width direction of the friction stir weld is within the thickness range of the third plate of the panel structure;
A friction stir welding method characterized by the above.

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