JP2006176533A - Method of controlling plant disease damage by using bacillus and controlling agent - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a controlling agent or controlling material for biologically controlling plant disease damages caused by phytopathogenic bacteria, fungi or viruses, to provide a method of applying the same to control plant disease damages; and to provide a bacterium usable therein. <P>SOLUTION: This controlling agent or controlling material for plant disease damages containing a bacterium which belongs to the genus Bacillus and is capable of inhibiting the infection with phytopathogenic bacterium, a fungus or a virus or proliferation thereof; a method of applying the same to a plant; and a bacterium usable therein. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for controlling bacterial, filamentous or viral plant diseases and a control agent or control material therefor.

  Agricultural cultivation of cash crops such as vegetables can make it difficult to produce high-quality, stable, and profitable products due to the occurrence of seed-borne, soil-borne, and air (water-borne) plant diseases. Many. Farmers are particularly fatal when they encounter extreme weather conditions that are prone to disease.

  Recognized causes of these infectious diseases are mainly fungi, bacteria, and viruses. For normal cultivation, plant diseases caused by these pathogens are controlled. It is essential to do.

  Among the effective methods for controlling agricultural and horticultural plants from diseases, chemical methods for administering agricultural chemicals (for example, fungicides, bactericides, antiviral agents) are widely used. In recent years, organic synthetic pesticides have spread rapidly due to their effects, and have contributed greatly to improving crop production by exerting their power in controlling diseases. However, the control of diseases that are biased toward the use of pesticides has problems in terms of the global environment, society, and agriculture, such as the pesticide residue on soil, food residues, and the increase in drug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms. In addition, excessive use of pesticides is also problematic from the viewpoint of farmer safety.

  Such problems are of great interest internationally and various measures are being taken. As an example, the soil fumigant, methyl bromide, is responsible for the destruction of the ozone layer. According to the Montreal Protocol in 2005, it was abolished except for some uses and was completely banned. It is supposed to be.

  The establishment of an integrated disease management system (Integrate Pest Management = IPM) that reconciles excessive dependence on pesticides and harmonizes with natural ecosystems is strongly desired worldwide.

A method for controlling plant diseases by utilizing the ability of microorganisms such as bacteria, that is, control by microbial pesticides is expected to be an effective means for solving the above problems.
Prior art document information related to the invention of this application includes the following.

JP-A-63-273470 JP-A-2-22299 JP-A-8-175919 JP 2003-277210 A JP 2002-145712 A JP-A-9-124427 JP-A-11-302120 JP 9-308372 A Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-267811 Phae, C.I. G. , Shoda, M .; Kita, N .; Nakano, M .; And Ushiyama, K .; : Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan, 58, 329-339, 1992 Edited by Masao Yamada: Microbial pesticides-Aiming for environmental conservation agriculture-National Rural Education Association, p. 328, 2000 Shunichi Iwata et al .: Plant Protection Course-Diseases-Japan Plant Protection Association, p. 281 1983

  The present invention relates to a control agent or control material for biologically controlling plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic bacteria, filamentous fungi or viruses, a method for controlling plant diseases using them, and use thereof. It relates to bacteria that can.

The present invention includes the following inventions.
(1) A plant disease control agent or control material comprising a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus having an ability to suppress infection or proliferation of phytopathogenic bacteria, filamentous fungi or viruses.
(2) A bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus having the ability to suppress the infection or growth of phytopathogenic bacteria, filamentous fungi or viruses is DAIJU-SIID2550 (Accession No. FERM BP-10114) or its mutant strain (1) The described control agent or control material.

(3) The plant pathogenic bacterium is a bacterium belonging to the genus Agrobacterium, Krabibacter, Erwinia, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Corynebacterium, Kurtobacterium, Burkholderia or Xanthomonas, The control agent or control material according to (1) or (2), wherein the disease is a disease caused by the bacterium.
(4) The control agent or control material according to (1) or (2), wherein the phytopathogenic fungus is an airborne fungus or a soil infectious fungus, and the plant disease is a disease caused by the fungus.

(5) The plant pathogenic virus is tobacco mosaic virus, capsicum mild mottle virus, tomato mosaic virus, melon necrotic spot virus, watermelon green spot mosaic virus or cucumber green spot mosaic virus, and the plant disease is caused by the virus. The control agent or control material according to (1) or (2).

(6) A method for controlling plant diseases, which comprises applying the control agent or control material according to any one of (1) to (5) to a plant serving as a host of phytopathogenic bacteria, filamentous fungi, or viruses.
(7) The plant is Brassicaceae, Eggplant, Cucurbitaceae, Lilyaceae, Leguminosae, Asteraceae, Gramineae, Rosaceae, Rose, Nadesico, Primrose, Citrus, Grape, Matabidae, Oysteraceae, The method according to (1), which is a plant belonging to the family Apiaceae, Convolvulaceae, or Araceae.

(8) The method of applying to a plant is a treatment in which bacteria are applied to plant seeds, a treatment in which plant seeds are immersed in a suspension containing bacteria, a treatment in which bacteria are irrigated into plant cultivation soil, (6) or (7) including at least one treatment selected from the group consisting of a treatment mixed with cultivated soil, a treatment of spraying bacteria on the foliage of plants, and a treatment of bringing bacteria into contact with the wounded part of the plant ) Method.
(9) New Bacillus bacterium DAIJU-SIID2550 (Accession No. FERM BP-10114) strain.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to biologically control plant diseases caused by infection or propagation of phytopathogenic bacteria, filamentous fungi or viruses.

  The present invention applies a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus having the ability to suppress infection or growth of phytopathogenic bacteria, filamentous fungi or viruses to a plant that is a host of phytopathogenic bacteria, filamentous fungi or viruses. The present invention relates to a method for controlling plant diseases.

  The present invention also relates to a plant disease control agent or control material comprising a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus having the ability to suppress infection or growth of phytopathogenic bacteria, filamentous fungi or viruses.

  The present invention provides a method for biologically controlling plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic bacteria, filamentous fungi or viruses, and a control agent and control material therefor. Several methods for controlling plant diseases with bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus have been disclosed so far (see Patent Documents 1 to 9 and Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2), but the invention disclosed in this specification There is nothing that falls under.

Bacterial plant diseases controlled by the present invention include any plant diseases in which the bacteria are pathogens, for example, Agrobacterium, Clavibacter, Erwinia, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Corynebacterium Examples include plant diseases caused by bacteria belonging to the genera, genus Kurtobacterium, genus Burkholderia, genus Xanthomonas, genus Rhizobacter or genus Clostridium. The control agent or control material of the present invention is particularly a bacterium belonging to the genus Agrobacterium, Clavibacter, Erwinia, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Corynebacterium, Kurtobacterium, Burkholderia or Xanthomonas. It is effective against plant diseases caused by More specifically, for example, black rot caused by infection of cruciferous plants with Xanthomonas campestris pv. Campestris (referred to herein as “black rot fungus”) , Hairy root caused by infection with Agrobacterium rhizogenes melon, Hairy root disease caused by infection with carrot of Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Crown) gall), flax rot caused by infection with onions of Burkholderia gladioli, or tomato infection by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Bacterial canker), Corynebacterium sp., Pepper, pepper scab (Bacterial canker), Corynebacterium sp. Bacterial leaf gall, scab caused by infection of onions with Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens, Erwinia carotovora subsp. Carotovora tsukena, Pulled by infections of Santou Sai, Taisai, Turnip, Cauliflower, Cabbage, Cucumber, Radish, Pakchoi, Onion, Pepper, Pepper, Tomato, Eggplant, Leek, Carrot, Garlic, Leek, Chinese cabbage, Broccoli, Melon, Lettuce (Chishsha) Bacterial soft rot, Slimy soft rot, Bacterial stem rot caused by strawberry infection of Erwinia chrysanthemi, rot caused by infection of pumpkin of Erwinia chrysantemi Bacterial rot, Bacterial stem rot caused by infection of Erwinia chrysanthemian eggplant, Bacterial soft rot caused by infection of Erwinia chrysanthemium onion, Erwinia laponchisi ( Errotia rhapontici onion infection caused by rot (Soft rot), Erwinia sp. Infection caused by garlic infection Spring rot, Pseudomonas cichorii okra infection Bacterial leaf blight caused by Pseudomonas・ Necrotic leaf spot caused by chicory eggplant infection, spring rot caused by garlic infection of Pseudomonas chicory, infection of Pseudomonas chicory melon, lettuce (Chisha) Bacterial rot, Pseudomonas corrugata tomatoes, Pith necrosis caused by eggplant infection, Pseudomonas fluorescens tomato infection Pist necrosis caused, Pseudomonas marginalis Bacterial bud rot caused by infection of nabana, Pseudomonas marginalis pv. Marginalis ) Caused by infection with strawberries Bacterial wilt disease, Pseudomonas marginaris Pasovar marginaris cabbage, shungiku, onion, leek, Chinese cabbage, broccoli, lettuce (Chisha) infection caused by infection (Soft rot, Head rot), Pseudomonas marginaris Marginal blight caused by infection with cucumbers of Pasovar marginaris, sunspot rot caused by infection with radish of Pseudomonas marginaris Pasovar marginarius, tomato of Pseudomonas marginaris Pasovar marginaris Bacterial rot caused by the infection of Pseudomonas, Spring rot caused by infection with Pseudomonas marginaris Pasovar marginaris garlic, Pseudomonas sp. Brown rot caused by Pseudomonas sp. Tomato infection of tomato, black spot symptom caused by infection of Pseudomonas spp.Bacterial spot caused by infection of Pseudomonas spp. Bacterial basal bulb rot caused by infection, Pseudomonas syringae onion, Bacterial leaf spot caused by infection of leeks, Pseudomonas syringe pasovar lacrimans (Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans) pumpkins, cucumbers, bitter gourd (Turlei), spotted bacterial disease caused by infection with melon (Angular leaf spot, Bacterial spot), Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola , Santou Sai, Taisa Bacterial leaf spot (Bacterial black spot), Pseudomonas syringae (Pseudomonas syringae) caused by infection with i, turnip, mustard, Takana, cauliflower, cabbage, Kyuna (Mizuna), Japanese radish, Chinese cabbage Bacterial speck caused by infection of pv. spinaciae with spinach, Bacterial leaf spot, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato ), Bacterial leaf blight caused by infection of Pseudomonas viridiflava with okra, rot caused by infection of Pseudomonas viridiflava with cabbage (Soft rot), infection with cucumber of Pseudomonas viridiflava Be Bacterial disease (Marginal blight), Bacterial black spot caused by infection of Pseudomonas viridiflava with tomato, Bacterial bud rot caused by infection of Pseudomonas viridiflava with nabana, Bacterial brown streak caused by infection with Chinese cabbage of Pseudomonas viridiflava, Bacterial rot caused by infection of P. bilidiflava with lettuce (Chisha), Ralstonia solanacearum (Ralstonia solanacearum) Infection of carrots of Bacterial wilt and Rhizobacter dauci caused by infection with strawberries, turnips, pumpkins, cucumbers, garlics, radish, pepper, peppers, tomatoes, eggplants, bitter gourds Caused by Bacterial gall, keratobacterial disease caused by infection of Xanthomonas campestris with strawberries, black rot caused by infection of Xanthomonas campestris with syringae, infection with broccoli of Xanthomonas campestris Black rot caused by infection, Bacterial blight caused by infection of green onions of Xanthomonas campestris pv. Allii, Xanthomonas campestris Pasovar carote ( Bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. Carotae infection with carrots, Xanthomonas campestris pv. Cucurbitae infections with pumpkins, cucumbers and melons Bacterial spot (Bacterial spot, Bacterial brown spot, Bacterial leaf spot), Xanthomonas campestris pv. Raphani, caused by infection with turnips, cabbage, radish, chingensai, Chinese cabbage Bacterial spot, Xanthomonas campestris pv. Vesicatoria Bacterial spot, Xanthomonas campestris pasova vitinas (Xanthomonas campestris pv. Vesicatoria) Xanthomonas campestris pv. Vitians) Bacterial spot caused by infection with lettuce (Chisha), Bacterial disease caused by infection with strawberry of Xanthomonas fragariae, Pseudomonas Brown disease caused by infection of rice with Halo blight and rice brown fungus (Acidovorax avenae subsp. Avenae) caused by infection of rice with Pseudomonas syringae pv. Oryzae (Bacterial brown stripe), Bacterial foot rot caused by infection of rice with Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. Zeae, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae ) Bacterial leaf blight caused by infection of rice, Erwinia ananas Bacterial palea browning caused by infection of rice, Burkholderia plantari (Burkholderia plantarii) caused by infection of rice with Bacterial seedling blight, Bacterial grain rot caused by infection of rice with Burkholderia glumae, leaf browning rot caused by infection of rice with Pseudomonas fuscovaginae (Sheath brown rot), Bacterial black node caused by infection of wheat with Pseudomonas syringae pv. Japonica, bacterial wilt caused by infection of potato with Ralstonia solanacearum (Paludomonas syringae pv. Japonica) Bacterial wilt), Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. Chrysanthemi caused by potato infection (Bacterial stem rot), Erwinia carotobola subspices atroseptica (Er atroseptica), Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, Erwinia chrysanthemi, black leg caused by infection of potatoes (Black leg), Erwinia carotovora Bacterial soft rot caused by infection with potato of Erwinia carotovora subsp. Carotovora, slimy rot caused by infection of potato with Clostridium sp. , Ring rot caused by infection of potato with Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. Sepedonicus, Xanthomonas campestris pasova gri Nsu leaf grilled disease caused by infection of the soybean (Xanthomonas campestris pv. Glycines) (Bacterial pustule), Pseudomonas syringae, Pasoba




-Bacterial blight caused by infection of soybeans with glycine (Pseudomonas syringae pv. Glycinea), Bacterial brown stripe caused by infection of rice brown streak fungus with corn, Burkholderia・ Bacterial stalk caused by infection with corn of Andrpogonis (Bacterial stripe), Erwinia chrysanthemi Pasovar Zea, Pseudomonas marginaris rot), but not limited to.

  Black rot caused by black rot fungus is known as a fatal disorder to the production of cruciferous plants, and is an important disease not only in Japan but also worldwide. Has received interest. Conventionally, there is no practically recognized resistant variety against black rot, and no effective agricultural chemical has been developed. According to the present invention, cruciferous plants such as cabbage, Chinese cabbage, Japanese radish, broccoli, cauliflower, turnip, chinensai, komatsuna, Thai rhinoceros, western rapeseed, Sirackina, Santousai, oilseed rape, Komochikanran, cabratamana (Kohlrabi), kairan, tarsai, mustard, Black rot can be effectively controlled in Tsukena and Ha button.

  Rice wilt and rice seedling wilt are important bacterial diseases that are indispensable for the control of rice cultivation, especially seed disinfection, as a seed-borne disease from rice pods. At present, in order to cope with this, chemical control methods are generally put into practical use. However, pesticide disinfection with pesticides poses problems such as treatment of residual liquid pesticides. Moreover, “Momigenki” (Nissan Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) is only commercially available as a biopesticide for disinfection. According to the present invention, it is possible to effectively control seed-borne bacterial diseases of rice.

  In addition, examples of the filamentous fungal disease controlled by the present invention include any plant disease in which the pathogen is a filamentous fungus, and examples include diseases caused by airborne and soil-borne fungi. In the present specification, airborne infectious fungi include those that are waterborne. Examples of airborne fungi include powdery mildew (Erysiphe, Sphaerotheca, and Leveillula), Botrytis, Fulvia fulva, Corynespora, Albgo ( Albugo spp., Downy mildews (Pseudoperonospora spp., Peronospora spp. Genus Pseudocercospora genus Paracercospora genus Mycovellosiella genus), anthrax bacterium (Colletotrichum genus, Glomerella genus), rust fungus (Puccinia genus), black spot fungus (Alternaria genus), Alternaria (Alternaria) genus However, it is not limited to these. Examples of soil infectious fungi include: Plasmodiophora brassicae, Phytophthora, Fusarium, Verticillium, Pythium and Rhizoctonia ), But not limited to.

  More specifically, airborne infectious fungal diseases include powdery mildew tomato, eggplant, radish, cabbage, turnip, mustard, Chinese cabbage, komatsuna, carrot, cucumber, strawberry, capsicum, melon, watermelon, pumpkin, chrysanthemum. Powdery mildew caused by infection of potato, Gray mold, Corynespora cassicola caused by infection of Cucurbitaceae, Eggplant family, lettuce, legumes, strawberry of Botrytis cinerea (Corynespora cassiicola) Caused by infection of many cruciferous vegetables such as Corynespora leaf spot, Albugo macrospora cabbage, cauliflower, turnip, radish, Komatsuna White rust, downy mildew fungus, cruciferous vegetables Downy mildew (Dawny mildew), rice blast caused by infection of rice blast fungus (Rice blast), pseudocircusspora, infestation with rice, onion, onion, wasabi, sengoku, honeybee, spinach and lettuce・ Peudocercospora fuligena tomato infection caused by tomato infection (Cercospora leaf mold), Paracercospora egenula eggplant infection caused by eggplant brown spot disease (Leaf spot), circospora -Spot disease caused by infection of pepper (Cercospora capsici) with pepper and pepper (Leaf spot) caused by infection with cucumber, melon, watermelon and loofah of Cercospora citrullina ), Circos Porrera brush frog (Cercos) white spot, white spot caused by infection with Chinese cabbage and turnip of porella brassicae, leaf mold caused by infection with eggplant of Mycovellosiella nattrassii, leaf mold, anthrax Anthracnose, rust fungus caused by infection of Chinese cabbage, turnip, Japanese radish, Komatsuna, sugar beet, chinensai, tsukena, green beans, pepper, peppers, cucumbers, green beans, leeks, onions, leek, spinach, strawberry Rust caused by infection of green onion, onion, radicchi, garlic, leek, chrysanthemum rust caused by infection of chrysanthemum (Rust), infection of cruciferous vegetables of black spot fungus, carrot infection Black spot disease (Alternaria leaf spot, Alternaria black rot), Alternaria brassicicola caused by infection with cabbage (Alternaria sooty spot), Alternaria dauci caused by carrot infection, Leaf Blight, Alternaria Ery Blight caused by infection with potatoes of Alternaria solani (Eary Blight) caused by infection of tomatoes with Alternaria solani, onion of Botrytis spp. Examples include, but are not limited to, Leaf Blight caused by infection with leek and gray-mold neck rot caused by infection with onions of Botrytis allii. Absent. Among diseases caused by airborne infectious fungi, white rust, black spot, anthracnose, downy mildew, etc., which are known to be fatal obstacles to the production of cruciferous leaf root vegetables, are only in Japan. As a globally important disease, there is a great deal of interest in the response in both existing and non-occurring countries. Conventionally, there is no practically recognized resistant variety against white rust, black spot, anthrax, and downy mildew. Although there are pesticides with high control effects (metalaxyl wettable powder, iprodione wettable powder, TPN wettable powder, thiophanate methyl wettable powder), it is suitable for leaf root vegetables that directly eat leaves and roots. The standard is strict and there are many inconveniences in controlling. According to the present invention, it is possible to biologically control these diseases in turnips, tingling rhinoceros, komatsuna, Taisai, Japanese radish, kairan, tarsai, cauliflower, broccoli, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, rape, mustard, etc. (Examples 21 and 22) See).

  Specific examples of soil-borne fungal diseases include root-knot disease caused by infection of cruciferous crops with clubroot, rice with phytophytra, apple, lily, strawberry, citrus, pear, pepper, capsicum Plague caused by infection with pumpkin, taro, potato, tomato, eggplant, cucumber, watermelon, melon, cucumber, leek, carnation, citrus, spinach, gray plague caused by infection with tomato, cucumber, eggplant, tomato , Brown rot caused by infection with watermelon, citrus, root rot caused by infection with strawberry, yellow dwarf disease caused by infection with rice, barley, wheat, oat, corn, bentgrass, rose Stem rot caused by infection of rice, rice, da , Rot rot caused by infection with citrus, white rot caused by infection with garlic, leek, nobil, azuki bean, soybean Stem plague caused by infection, seedling blight caused by infection of eggplant, root rot caused by infection of tomato, eggplant, cotton rot caused by infection of kidney bean, pumpkin, cucumber , Rice seedlings caused by infection with rice, eggplant, tomato, spinach, pumpkin, cucumber, green beans, peas, okra, melon, stain rot caused by carrot infection, caused by infection with bentgrass Red burn, soybean, cucumber, melon, ho Blight caused by infection with grasshopper, brown snow rot caused by infection with wheat, barley, oat, rye, ryegrass, fescue, root rot caused by infection with strawberry, cucumber, taro, tomato Disease, white rot caused by infection with sweet potato, seed rot caused by infection with rice, red mycorrhizal disease caused by infection with Rhizoctonia spp., Rice, barley, millet, sorghum, millet Leaf blight caused by infection, soybean rot, leaf bean, pea, potato, orchardgrass, bluegrass, fescue, ryegrass, bentgrass, sorghum leaf rot, strawberry infection Caused by bud blight, broad bean, car Stem rot caused by infection to Nation, rice, tomato, eggplant, pepper, pepper, pepper, cucumber, melon, cucumber, pepper, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, komatsuna, onion, leek, okra, cyclamen Seedling blight caused by spinach, spinach, barley, wheat, cabbage, strain rot caused by infection with lettuce, blight caused by infection with lettuce, black rot caused by infection with potato, burdock, radish , Root rot caused by carrot infection, bottom rot caused by infection with Chinese cabbage, purple crest caused by carrot infection, withering disease caused by chrysanthemum infection, Verticillium Fungus to strawberry, udo, soybean Wilt caused by dyeing, eggplant, pepper (green pepper), tomato, okra, cucumber, burdock, melon, chrysanthemum, rose rot caused by infection of rose, cabbage, lettuce Disease, verticillium black spot caused by infection with Japanese radish, yellowing disease caused by infection with Chinese cabbage, half blight caused by infection of eggplant with Fusarium spp., Cucumber, yugao, loofah, melon, watermelon , Vine split disease caused by infection with sweet potato, cabbage, strawberry, radish, turnip, cabbage, komatsuna, yellow rot caused by infection with udo, root rot caused by infection with lettuce, kidney beans, rakkyo, onion , Garlic, leek, taro, Dry rot caused by infection with carrot, bacterial wilt caused by infection with bee, wilt caused by infection with burdock, leek, tomato, spinach, carnation, cyclamen, azuki bean, asparagus, carnation Blight caused by infection, rot caused by infection with lotus, brown rot caused by infection of melon and yam, root rot wilt caused by infection of tomato and leek, by infection of rice Examples include, but are not limited to, seedling rot caused, and red snow rot caused by wheat infection. Among diseases caused by soil infectious fungi, diseases caused by Fusarium, Verticillium, or Phytophytra spp. Cause fatal obstacles in vegetable cultivation as difficult to control diseases. Therefore, in order to cope with these various diseases, measures such as breeding of resistant varieties, soil disinfection with chemical pesticides, and occurrence prediction have been taken. For example, in the solanaceae (tomato, eggplant, bell pepper, shishito), cucurbitaceae (cucumber, watermelon, melon), etc., resistant varieties and resistant rootstocks, and soil disinfection with chemical pesticides (crawl picrin, dazomet, methyl bromide), Control has been carried out by taking measures such as soil screening for pathogenic bacteria. Cruciferous vegetables such as turnips, chingensai, komatsuna, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, and radish have a shorter harvesting period than solanaceous and cucurbitaceous vegetables, and therefore the number of consecutive crops per year is extremely high. For example, in Komatsuna, Chingensai and Turnip, it is 5-6 times. Therefore, damage caused by soil-borne diseases is fatal. By using the control agent or control material of the present invention at every cropping season, it is possible to prevent the growth or transmission of difficult-to-control pathogens in the soil and reduce the onset (see Examples 23 and 24).

  Viral plant diseases controlled by the present invention include any plant diseases whose pathogenicity is a virus, such as tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), red pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). , Plant diseases caused by melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV), watermelon green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (KGMMV) However, it is not limited to these.

  More specifically, tobacco mosaic disease caused by tobacco mosaic virus, pepper pepper mottle virus, pepper mosaic disease caused by tomato mosaic virus or tobacco mosaic virus, melon necrotic spot disease caused by melon necrotic spot virus, caused by watermelon green spot mosaic virus Examples include, but are not limited to, watermelon green spot mosaic disease, melon green spot mosaic disease caused by watermelon green spot mosaic virus, or cucumber green spot mosaic disease caused by cucumber green spot mosaic virus.

  Viral diseases caused by tobacco mosaic virus, cucumber green spot mosaic virus, watermelon green spot mosaic virus, and melon necrotic spot virus all have contact infectivity, sap infectivity, seed infectivity, and soil infectivity compared to other viruses. It is extremely violent and is a major global viral disease. For this reason, resistance varieties and resistance rootstocks are grown and put into practical use. However, there are cases where strong resistance varieties and rootstocks are not used because of strong demand from the market and consumers. Therefore, chemical control methods are particularly applied to prevent sap transmission, seed transmission, and soil transmission. For example, prevention of sap transmission by lentemin aqueous solvent, seed transmission and sap transmission by sodium phosphate, prevention of soil transmission by methyl bromide, etc. (Non-patent Document 3). These control methods may be due to chemical treatment, and if used incorrectly, they may be insufficiently effective, cause phytotoxicity, or cause human injury. Furthermore, methyl bromide (methyl bromide) is widely used in Japan for the control of soil infection of viral diseases. The use of this agent is prohibited by the Montreal Protocol in 2005 because it leads to the destruction of the ozone layer. Currently, the search for alternatives is widely conducted. According to the present invention, seed-borne viral diseases and soil-borne viral diseases can be effectively controlled by biological means (see Examples 25 and 26).

  Bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus that can be used in the present invention are not particularly limited as long as they have the ability to suppress infection or proliferation of phytopathogenic bacteria, filamentous fungi or viruses. Examples include Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or Bacillus subtilis. In particular, DAIJU-SIID2550 (Accession No. FERM BP-10114) deposited at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Patent Organism Depositary is preferred. Since this strain is presumed to be a closely related species of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, it is abbreviated as “BAL bacterium” hereinafter. A plant disease control agent or control material containing BAL bacteria has high colonization in plants and soil, has a high level of disease control activity, and maintains disease control activity even when exposed to high temperatures of 40-100 ° C. Therefore, it is preferable. In the present invention, a mutant strain in which BAL bacteria are mutagenized can also be used. The mutagenesis treatment can be performed using any suitable mutagen. Here, the term “mutagen” should be understood in the broad sense to include not only a drug having a mutagenic effect but also a treatment having a mutagenic effect such as UV irradiation. Examples of suitable mutagens include ethyl methanesulfonate, UV irradiation, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, nucleotide base analogs such as bromouracil, and acridines, but any other effect A typical mutagen can also be used.

The BAL bacteria are isolated by, for example, the following method. The edible mushroom culture residue is steam sterilized at 80 ° C for 30 minutes, diluted to 1: 9 (weight ratio) of this residue: saline, and the diluted solution is shaken for 15 minutes using a reciprocating shaker with an amplitude of 10 cm. After that, the supernatant is obtained by centrifuging at 500 rpm for 5 minutes, or the filtrate filtered with Toyo filter paper No. 2 is collected. Subsequently, the supernatant or filtrate is serially diluted with distilled water containing 0.05% agar (Proposal for Bacteriological Practice Proposal, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Alumni Association). The serial dilution is adjusted to 1 x 10 ^{1 to 8} times, and each diluted solution is YPA medium (peptone yeast salt solution in a 9cm diameter petri dish. Plant pathogenic microorganism research method-Basics and applications including genetic manipulation. -See supervision by Satoshi Wakimoto), dispense 100 μL at a time, leave it in a static incubator at 25 ° C for 48-72 hours, and collect the grown bacteria individually. Seed bacteria are subcultured on YPA slope medium. Each subcultured bacterium is serially diluted again to confirm that other bacteria are not mixed to obtain a single colony. From single colony bacteria isolated in this way, each single colony bacterium and turnip yellow fungus (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans, a simple marker for confirming antibacterial activity against black rot fungus) on YPA medium Based on the strength of the inhibition zone formed by the anti-culture method, the bacteria with the strongest inhibition power are selected.

  The bacteria thus selected have the following characteristics. Gram staining: Positive, Endospores: Yes, Morphology: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, G + C (DNA) ratio (mol%): 43.5-44.9 (This value is higher than B. subtilis. Bacillus subtilis is 42-43), optimal growth temperature: 25-30 ° C., biosafety level: level 1 (those that cause disease in humans and do not cause significant disease in animals and plants).

  The bacterial taxonomic group was estimated using a base sequence of about 1600 bp of 16S rDNA (16S rRNA gene) (details are shown in Reference Examples below). As a result, it was found to be a new strain belonging to the genus Bacillus. This bacterium has been deposited as DAIJU-SIID2550 at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Patent Biological Deposit Center on November 20, 2003 (Accession Number FERM BP-10114).

  The Bacillus bacterium used in the present invention can be cultured by a conventional culture method such as reciprocal shaking culture, jar fermenter culture, culture tank culture, or other solid culture. The medium for culturing Bacillus bacteria used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the bacteria can efficiently reach the logarithmic growth phase, but grows at 25 to 30 ° C. within 48 to 96 hours. Those that reach the maximum amount are preferred, and those that reach the maximum growth at 25 ° C. for 48 hours are more preferred. Examples of such a medium include saccharides such as glucose, sucrose, starch, dextrin, brown sugar, bran and rice bran as a carbon source, ammonium salts such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and ammonium nitrate as nitrogen sources, and inorganic nitrogen sources such as nitrate. Or organic nitrogen sources such as yeast extract, corn steep leaker, meat extract, wheat germ, polypeptone, sugarcane squeezed potato (bacus), beer cass, soy flour, rice bran, fish flour, etc. Examples thereof include synthetic or natural media containing salts containing phosphorus, potassium, manganese, magnesium, iron, and the like, such as magnesium, manganese sulfate, and ferrous sulfate. Moreover, when shaking culture is performed, additives, such as an antifoamer, may be added as needed. Since the Bacillus bacterium is an aerobic bacterium, culture under aerobic conditions is preferable, and liquid culture such as solid culture, aeration and agitation culture, and shaking culture is preferable. The culture temperature is preferably 10 to 50 ° C., more preferably 15 to 40 ° C., and the culture pH is preferably in the range of 5 to 9, more preferably 6 to 8. As shown in Example 5, a mixture of okara, bran, and rice bran can be suitably used as a medium capable of culturing that satisfies the above requirements. Since these are industrial wastes, culture using Okara, bran and rice bran as a medium is preferable in terms of effective use of industrial wastes.

  For the control of plant diseases according to the present invention, the culture solution of the Bacillus genus bacterium can be used as it is, but preferably the culture solution is subjected to membrane separation, centrifugation, filtration separation or the like for the purpose of further enhancing the control effect. Separate high concentrations can be used.

Moreover, what dried the culture solution of the said Bacillus genus bacteria can be used for this invention. Moreover, what dried the supernatant liquid obtained by centrifuging the culture solution of the said Bacillus bacterium can be used. In addition, a precipitate obtained by centrifuging the culture solution of the bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus, washed with water and dried (usually containing about 50 to 100% by weight) can be used. Further, a culture solution of the aforementioned Bacillus bacterium adsorbed on a porous adsorbent such as activated carbon powder, diatomaceous earth, or talc and dried (usually containing 1 × 10 ⁸ to 10 ⁹ cfu / g of bacterial cells) can be used. . In any case, the drying method may be a normal method, for example, freeze drying or vacuum drying. These dried products may be further pulverized by a pulverizing means such as a ball mill after drying. Here, an example using the BAL bacteria in the method for preparing the dried product is specifically shown. AG medium (glucose (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 1%, polypeptone (Nippon Pharmaceutical Co., _{Ltd.) 1%, KH 2 PO 4} ( Wako Pure Chemical Industries, _{Ltd.) 0.1%, MgSO 4 · 7H} 2 O ( Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. Kogyo Co., Ltd.) 0.05%, pH 7.00, high pressure sterilization for 15 minutes) Inoculate 1 mL of BAL bacterial slant into a 300 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 mL, then shake culture at 25 ° C for 24 hours (120 times / minute). Subsequently, 100 μL of the obtained culture is inoculated into 100 mL of the AG medium and cultured at 25 ° C. for 48 hours under aerobic conditions. This culture solution is centrifuged to separate it into a culture supernatant and a culture precipitate. The culture supernatant is collected, and the precipitate is washed with water to obtain bacterial cells. Alternatively, activated carbon powder (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), diatomaceous earth (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), talc (Japanese) packed in a glass tube or plastic transparent tube with a diameter of 1.8 cm and a height of 10-15 cm. The microbial cells are recovered by being dropped and adsorbed onto a porous adsorbent such as Kojun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.). The culture supernatant, water-washed cells or adsorbed cells thus obtained are dried by lyophilization or reduced-pressure drying, and pulverized with a ball mill to obtain a dried product containing Bacillus bacteria.

The Bacillus bacterium can be used in the present invention by itself as the above-mentioned culture solution, high-concentration product, or dry product, but is combined with other optional components in the same form (eg, powder, water) It may be formulated in the form of a compatibilizer, emulsion, liquid, flowable, coating, etc. Examples of optional components used in combination include solid carriers and adjuvants. Examples of the solid carrier include organic powders such as bentonite, diatomaceous earth, talc, perlite, vermiculite, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), beer lees, sugar cane pomace (bakas), okara, bran, chitin, rice bran, and wheat flour. Examples of the auxiliary agent include sticking agents and thickeners such as gelatin, gum arabic, saccharides and gellan gum. Since beer lees, sugar cane squeezed lees (bakas), okara, bran and rice bran are all industrial wastes, if they are used in the present invention, it is also preferable in terms of effective use of industrial wastes. Here, an example of the control agent or the control material of the present invention in which the culture solution of the bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus and industrial waste such as okara is combined will be specifically shown. First, AG medium (glucose (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 1%, polypeptone (Nippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) 1%, KH ₂ PO ₄ (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, _{Ltd.) 0.1%, MgSO 4 · 7H} 2 O ( sum Kojunyaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.) 0.05%, pH 7.00, high pressure sterilization for 15 minutes) After inoculating one platinum loop culture of BAL bacteria into a 300 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 mL, reciprocating shaking culture at 25 ° C (120 times / min) to adjust the BAL bacteria concentration to 1 × 10 ⁷ cfu / mL. On the other hand, 1300 g of okara, 600 g of bran, and 100 g of rice bran are mixed (hereinafter, this mixture is referred to as a basic growth medium). 1 mL of the above culture solution is inoculated into 100 mL of basic growth medium, and left to stand for 72 to 120 hours in the dark with sufficient agitation once a day for 72 to 120 hours. It is dried after stationary culture to obtain the control agent or control material of the present invention. The concentration of BAL bacteria in the control agent or control material thus obtained is usually about 4 × 10 ^{9 to 10} cfu per gram.

Since BAL bacteria are strains isolated from edible mushroom culture residues as described above, edible mushroom culture residues containing BAL bacteria themselves can also be used as the control agent or control material of the present invention. Moreover, the edible mushroom culture residue may be dried and pulverized as necessary. When the microbial concentration in the edible mushroom culture residue or its dried product is low, the above-mentioned culture solution, high-concentrated product, dried product, etc. of BAL bacteria may be appropriately added to the residue. At this time, it is preferable to add such that the final BAL bacteria concentration in the residue is 1 × 10 ^{9 to 10} cfu / mL or more.

A product obtained by breeding BAL bacteria on industrial waste can also be used as the control agent or control material of the present invention. Examples of the control agent or control material in this form include wheat germ, inawara, wheat straw and corn galore or spent fungi bed (mushroom culture residue, for example, edible mushroom culture residue), etc. This form of the present invention is also preferable from the viewpoint of effective use of industrial waste. The concentration of BAL bacteria in the control agent or control material thus obtained is usually 1 × 10 ⁷ to 10 ⁸ cfu / g, although it depends on the blended material. The C / N ratio in industrial waste that can be used is 70% for Inawara, 70-90% for wheat straw, and 80-90% for corn straw.

Here, an example of the present invention in the above form will be specifically described. Wheat burma: wheat straw (5-10cm cut): mix water in a ratio of 1: 1: 1, and after stirring, rice bran (chisso amount 1.7-2.0%) is 5-10kg, preferably 5 Add ~ 6kg. BAL bacteria solution (usually 1 × 10 ⁷ to 10 ⁹ cfu of cells) cultivated in AG medium 6 to 7 days after fermentation fever began to be loaded in the same manner as compost making indoors where rain does not hit / ml) Apply 500ml uniformly, stir and deposit. Thereafter, the cutting is performed every 4 to 6 days, preferably every 4 to 5 days, 5 to 6 times. When the fermentation is completed, the material is dried to obtain a control material containing BAL bacteria. Analytical values of fertilizer components and characteristic values at the time of completion of materials vary depending on the compounding material, but usually pH is 7.0 to 7.5, moisture content 35 to 40%, N is 2.5 to 3.0%, P ₂ O is 3.5 to 4.0% K ₂ O is 2.0 to 2.5% CaO is 1.0% MgO 1.0 to 1.5% organic matter 50% to 60% is, C / N ratio is 0.7 to 1.3. When using this material, the simple solar method (using solar energy during the day, transparently mulching the ground surface at 15cm below the surface of the earth to achieve an internal temperature of 30-40 ° C and a ground surface temperature of 35-40 ° C, A method of treating the soil with 70 to 80% soil moisture for 7 to 10 days) may be used in combination. The control material of the present invention is particularly excellent in suppressing the invasion or infection of soil infectious bacteria, filamentous fungi or viruses into the host. Since the soil infectious virus can be effectively controlled in the soil (Example 25), it is particularly useful as an alternative material for the methyl bromide soil fumigant.

  The method of applying the Bacillus bacterium to a plant is appropriately determined according to various conditions such as the type of plant disease to be controlled, the occurrence of the plant disease, the type of plant to be applied, and the dosage form of the Bacillus bacterium. For example, it can be carried out by each treatment such as above-ground spraying, in-facility application, soil mixing application, soil irrigation application, surface treatment (seed dressing treatment, seed application treatment). As described above, the control agent or the control material of the present invention is generally used for seed transmission control method, soil transmission control method, air (water medium) transmission (wind / water transmission) control method (bacterial plant disease control method). Can be roughly divided into three categories). As a more specific application method, the above-mentioned Bacillus bacteria in various dosage forms are applied to plant seeds, irrigated to plant cultivation soil, mixed with plant cultivation soil, sprayed onto plant stems and leaves It is preferable that at least one process selected from the group consisting of a process and a process of contacting the wounded part of the plant is performed. The treatment for applying the Bacillus bacterium to the plant seed is, for example, applying a solution obtained by suspending the Bacillus bacterium in a solution containing a film forming agent such as gellan gum, agar, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, etc. Alternatively, it can be carried out by immersing plant seeds in a similar suspension followed by drying.

  Furthermore, when applying the above-mentioned Bacillus bacteria to plants, other active ingredients that are usually used as necessary, for example, insecticides, nematicides, acaricides, herbicides, fungicides, bactericides Agents, antiviral agents, fertilizers, soil conditioners (such as peat) can be mixed, or can be applied alternately or simultaneously without mixing. The action of Bacillus bacteria used in the present invention is in most cases not disturbed by other active ingredients applied in parallel, as shown in the examples.

The application amount of the Bacillus bacterium to the plant in the present invention is appropriately determined according to various conditions such as the type of plant disease to be controlled, the occurrence of the plant disease, the type of plant to be applied, and the dosage form of the Bacillus bacterium. It is determined. For example, when a solution containing BAL bacteria is sprayed on the above-ground part of a plant suffering from black rot, the concentration of BAL bacteria in the solution is usually about 1 × 10 ^{7 to 10} cfu / mL, preferably about 1 × 10 ^8-9 cfu / mL, and the application amount of the solution is preferably 100-250 L / 10a. In addition, when a dry powder containing BAL bacteria is mixed with cultivated soil contaminated with black rot fungi, the concentration of BAL bacteria in the dry powder is usually 1 × 10 ^{8 to 10} cfu / g, preferably 1 × 10 ⁹ cfu / g, and the application amount of the dry powder is preferably 500 to 2000 kg / 10a, more preferably 500 to 1000 kg / 10a. In addition, the BAL bacteria-containing control agent or control material is thoroughly mixed with the cultivated soil contaminated with black rot fungus by the above-mentioned application amount, and the soil does not dry at about 30-40% soil moisture and 20-30 ° C soil temperature. If the seeds of the cruciferous plants are sown after 5-7 days with care, they will not suffer from black rot.

Reference example: Examining the attribution taxon of DAIJU-SIID2550
DAIJU-SIID2550 was inoculated into CM3Agar (Oxoid, UK) and cultured at 30 ° C. for 2 days. Thereafter, this microbial cell was used as a test microbial cell for DNA extraction. The PrepMan method (Applied Biosystems, USA) was used for genomic DNA extraction. Using the extracted genomic DNA as a template, a region of the entire base sequence 1500-1600 bp of the 16S Ribosomal RNA gene (16S rDNA) was amplified by PCR. Thereafter, the amplified 16S rDNA was sequenced to obtain a 16S rDNA base sequence of the sample. For purification and cycle sequencing of PCR products, MicroSeqFull 16S rDNA Bacterial Sequencing Kit (Applied Biosystems, USA) was used. GeneAmp PCR System 9600 (Applied Biosystems, USA) was used for the thermal cycler, ABI PRISM 3100 DNA Sequencer (Applied Biosystems, USA) was used for the DNA sequencer, and AutoAssembler 2.1 (Applied Biosystems 2.1) was used to bind the obtained base sequence fragments. , USA). The basic procedure from genomic DNA extraction to cycle sequencing was in accordance with Applied Biosystems protocol (P / N4308132 Rev. A).

  Using the obtained 16S rDNA base sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1), homology search was performed to determine the top 10 strains with the highest homology. Furthermore, a molecular phylogenetic tree was prepared by the neighborhood binding method using the searched top 10 strains and 16S rDNA of the specimen, and the related species and the assigned taxonomic group of the specimen were examined. MicroSeq Mirobial Identification System Software V.1.4.1 was used for homology search and phylogenetic tree generation, and MicroSeq Bacterial Full Gene Library v.0001 (Applied Biosystems, USA) was used as the database for homology search.

  In addition, when a homologous search for MicroSeq Bacterial Full Gene Library does not find a matching strain with a homology rate of 100%, a homology search is performed on the DNA base sequence database (GenBank / DDBJ / EMBL) using BLAST. It was.

  As a result of analysis using MicroSeq Bacterial Full Gene Library, the isomerism of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis subsp. Subtilis, B. mojavensis was 0.45%, 0.65%, and 0.71%, respectively. There wasn't. In the molecular phylogenetic tree, 16S rDNA of this strain formed a cluster with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and was closely related. As a result of homology search against GenBank / DDBJ / EMBL using BLAST, the highest homology (99.7%) was found for Bacillus sp. Bch1 strain (AF411118), but no perfect match was found.

From the above results, it was shown that the DAIJU-SIID2550 (accession number FERM BP-10114) strain is a novel bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus.
Below, the Example regarding plant disease control using BAL microbe is described.

Search for maximum growth time of BAL bacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens related species (Accession No. FERM BP-10114) (hereinafter referred to as BAL bacteria) deposited as DAIJU-SIID2550 at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 1) Suspend platinum ears in 9 mL of sterilized water, and add 100 μL of this suspension to a 300 mL Erlenmeyer flask in 100 mL of AG medium (glucose (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 1%, Polypeptone (Japan) pharmaceutical Co., _{Ltd.) 1%, KH 2 PO 4} ( Wako Pure Chemical Industries, _{Ltd.) 0.1%, MgSO 4 · 7H} 2 O ( Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 0.05%, pH 7.00, autoclaved 15 minutes), or, 100 mL of 2% sucrose-added potato broth liquid medium (cut 200 g of potatoes, add about 1 L of distilled water, boil for 30 to 40 minutes on low heat, and filter with double gauze. Add 2% sucrose, and add 1 L with distilled water. Using a reciprocating shaker at 120 cm / cm, the cells were cultured with shaking at 25 ° C. for 144 hours. 1 mL of the culture solution was collected at each time point of 0, 24, 48, 72, and 144 hours after the start of the culture. The collected culture fluid sample was added to 9 mL of sterilized water and stirred well to prepare a 10-fold diluted solution. Thereafter, 1 mL of the sample was sequentially collected and placed in 9 mL of sterilized water, and a 10 ^{7 to 8-} fold diluted solution was prepared (10-fold serial dilution method). Dispense 100 μL of each diluted solution into YPA medium (peptone yeast / saline medium) in a 9 cm diameter petri dish, apply evenly with a corn large rod, incubate at 25 ° C. for 72 hours, and then examine the number of colonies generated. Thus, the number of BAL bacteria (relative value) at each culture time was determined (Table 1). Maximum growth time was 48 hours or 72 hours. Therefore, when BAL bacteria and black rot bacteria are co-cultured, it is expected that the maximum control effect is obtained 48 to 72 hours after the cultivation.

Inhibition of black rot growth by BAL bacteria
BAL bacteria were scraped from a YPA slant medium with 1 platinum ear, inoculated into 100 mL of AG medium in a 300 mL Erlenmeyer flask, and cultured with shaking at 25 ° C for 48 hours using a reciprocating shaker with an amplitude of 10 cm and 120 times / min. . This culture solution was inoculated with 100 μL of the black rot fungus suspension, and further cultured with shaking under the same conditions for 48 hours. The black rot fungus suspension used here was prepared by suspending black rot fungus cultured on 2% sucrose-added potato broth agar (hereinafter referred to as PSA) slant medium in 9 mL of sterile water. It is. As a control experiment (untreated group), 100 μL of the black rot suspension was inoculated into 100 mL of AG medium not inoculated with BAL bacteria, and similarly cultured with shaking at 25 ° C. for 48 hours. Each culture solution is diluted by the serial dilution method (see Example 1), and 100 μL is applied to each dilution factor (100,000, 1,000,000, 10,000,000 times) on a 9 cm diameter YPA plate medium at 25 ° C. After culturing for 72 hours, the number of colonies of black rot fungus grown was counted. The state of colonies after 72 hours of culture (left: 1 million times, right: 10 million times diluted) is shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, the upper row is obtained by culturing black rot fungus alone, and the lower row is obtained by culturing black rot fungus and BAL fungus together. Table 2 shows the results of counting the number of black rot colonies. Thus, when black rot fungus was cultured with BAL bacteria at 25 ° C. for 48 hours, the growth of black rot fungus was completely suppressed.

Preparation of black rot fungus artificially contaminated seeds 34 g of Chingensai seeds (variety winter prize) are wrapped in gauze and soaked in 500 mL of Chemomicron G (70% neutral calcium hypochlorite effective chlorine) solution diluted 150 times for 10 minutes. Sanitized. After disinfection, the seeds were washed with running water for 1 hour to remove moisture, and then dried overnight at 35 ° C. On the other hand, black rot fungus is cultured in advance on 5 PSA plate media for 3 days, and all the grown fungi are scraped and suspended in 100 mL of distilled water to give a black rot fungus solution having a fungus concentration of 1 × 10 ¹² cfu / mL. Prepared. 17 g of the disinfecting seeds were immersed in a black rot fungus solution for 20 minutes and dried overnight at 35 ° C. to produce artificially contaminated seeds. When the contamination degree of the artificially contaminated seed was confirmed, the amount of contaminated bacteria was ^105-6 cfu per contaminated seed, and the total treated seed contamination rate was 100%. When contaminated seeds were sown in sterilized soil, lesions appeared on the cotyledons at a high rate (FIG. 2). The left side of FIG. 2 is a result of sowing untreated seeds (control experiment), and the right side is a result of sowing seeds artificially contaminated with black rot fungus.

Effect of BAL Bacteria Coat Treatment on Black Rot Bacteria Artificial Contaminated Seeds Black rot fungus artificially contaminated seeds were treated as follows. 1) Suspend BAL bacteria previously cultured in two YPA plate media in 50 mL of 0.5% gellan gum (SCOTT LABORATORIES, INC.) Aqueous solution or 2) 50 mL of 1.5% agar (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) aqueous solution. The mixture was stirred uniformly with a magnetic stirrer. In 50 mL of this suspension, 300 mg of the black rot fungus artificially contaminated seed obtained in Example 3 was immersed and allowed to stand overnight, then taken out and air-dried. As a control experiment (untreated section), black rot artificially contaminated seeds were similarly immersed in 50 mL of 0.5% gellan gum aqueous solution or 1.5% agar aqueous solution not mixed with BAL bacteria, and air-dried. Each seed after air drying was placed on a YPA plate medium and cultured at 25 ° C. for 72 hours, and it was investigated whether black rot fungi grew around the seeds. Based on the survey results, the damage of each treatment area is
Damage = calculated by the number of seeds around which black rot fungi grew / the total number of seeds placed. Based on this damage, the control value was calculated by the following formula.
Control value = 100-(Damage in treated area / Damage in untreated area) x 100
The results are shown in Table 3. When BAL bacteria were coated on artificially contaminated seeds of black rot fungi, the growth of black rot fungi attached to the seeds could be suppressed. That is, it is possible to disinfect seeds contaminated with black rot by BAL bacteria.

Culture using BAL fungus Okara
1 mL of 10 × ⁷ cfu / mL BAL bacteria culture solution was mixed with 100 mL of Okara sterilized at 105 ° C. for 20 minutes, and cultured in the dark at 25 ° C. for 48 hours to obtain a BAL bacteria Okara culture. Suspend 500 mg of this BAL bacterium okara culture in 9 mL of sterilized water, and uniformly apply 100 μL of each dilution obtained by the 10-fold serial dilution method as in Example 1 to a YPA medium in a 9 cm petri dish with a corn large stick. Then, the number of BAL bacteria in the BAL bacteria okara culture was measured. A portion of the BAL fungus okara culture was taken and dried overnight at 100 ° C. to determine the water content. The number of BAL bacteria in the BAL bacteria okara culture was 4.3 × 10 ⁹ cfu / g, and the water content was 87.6%.

  From this experiment, it was confirmed that BAL bacteria can grow on Okara, an industrial waste, as a medium. In addition, the BAL fungus okara culture obtained in this example was dried by heat and dried, because it has an appropriate bacterial cell concentration and water content, the control agent of the present invention containing BAL bacteria or It can be used as an inoculum for the preparation of control materials.

Effect of powder coating treatment of BAL fungus okara culture on artificial seeds of black rot fungus BAL fungus okara culture (moisture content 87%) obtained in Example 5 was dried at 35 ° C overnight, ground in a ball mill and BAL fungus Okara culture powder. 1) Add 50 mg of 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (hereinafter CMC, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) aqueous solution, or 2) 500 mg of BAL bacteria okara culture powder to 50 mL of 0.5% gellan gum aqueous solution, and stir for 10 minutes with a magnetic stirrer. . 300 mg of black rot artificially contaminated seeds were wrapped in gauze, immersed in each solution for 10 minutes, fully adhered to the seed surface, and dried overnight at 35 ° C. Thus, BAL fungus okara culture powder-coated seeds were prepared. As a control experiment (untreated section), black rot fungus artificially contaminated seeds were immersed in a 0.5% CMC aqueous solution or 0.5% gellan gum aqueous solution to which no BAL fungal okara culture powder was added and dried.

  3) 2 mg of the above BAL fungus okara culture powder was mixed with 200 mg of black rot fungus artificially contaminated seeds and 16 μL of 0.5% CMC aqueous solution (dressing treatment).

  The above-treated seeds were placed on NSCAA medium (Randhawa, PS and Schaad, NW (1984). Phytopathology 74: 268-272.) And cultured at 25 ° C for 72 hours, and black rot fungus grew around the seeds. We investigated whether or not to do. FIG. 3 shows the state after the culture for 1) and 2) among the experiments 1) to 3). In FIG. 3, from the left end, the treatment zone with the CMC aqueous solution “1) No treatment zone”, the treatment zone with the BAL bacteria okara culture powder mixed CMC aqueous solution “1) Treatment zone”, the treatment zone with the gellan gum aqueous solution “2) No treatment zone”. “BAL bacteria Okara culture powder mixed gellan gum aqueous solution treatment zone“ 2) treatment zone ”.

  “Damage” was calculated by investigating the number of seeds on which black rot fungi grew, and “control value” was obtained. “Damage” and “control value” are as defined in Example 4.

  The results are shown in Table 4. 1) -3) Control of black rot fungus was confirmed in all experiments. That is, by coating BAL fungus okara culture powder on black rot fungus artificially contaminated seeds, the growth of black rot fungus attached to the seeds could be suppressed. CMC was found to be more suitable as a coating aid than gellan gum. From this result, it was shown that seed infection of black rot fungus can be inhibited by coating the mixture of BAL fungus okara culture powder with CMC aqueous solution on black rot fungus artificially contaminated seed.

(1) Preparation of edible mushroom culture residue An edible mushroom culture residue was prepared by the following procedure.
The cut raw rice straw was prepared one month before edible mushroom cultivation. Soybean koji and rice koji were replenished so that the C / N ratio was around 70%, and they were stacked to an appropriate width and height. The water was sprinkled every 5 days and turned into compost by turning it four times until it matured.

The compost thus obtained was made 15 to 18 cm thick in the cultivation room and used as a fungus bed. When the temperature of the fungus bed dropped to 24 ° C., an inoculum (white agaris species) was planted, and edible mushrooms were grown under conditions of a temperature of 16 ° C., a humidity of 96%, and carbon dioxide gas of 3000 ppm. One week after inoculation, when the mycelium grew on the surface of the fungus bed, the soybean grind was spread on the entire fungus bed and stirred on a rotary. Two weeks later, 88 kg / m ^{2 of} black peat moss was applied. Edible mushrooms were harvested 60 days after planting the inoculum, and the waste floor after harvesting was sterilized at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes. Thus, an edible mushroom culture residue was obtained (in addition, an agaris brown seed may be used as an inoculum, and the mushroom may be harvested at an appropriate time 60 to 90 days after the inoculum is planted).

(2) Growth inhibition test against black rot fungus in soil contaminated with black rot fungus Sterilized soil was inoculated with black rot fungus (black rot fungus 1 × 10 ¹² cfu / mL). After allowing this black rot fungus-contaminated soil to stand at 25 ° C for 1 day, mix the above edible mushroom culture residue at a rate of 50 g per liter of this black rot fungus-contaminated soil (corresponding to a rate of 2,000 kg per 10a). After leaving still at 5 degreeC for 5 days, the number of black rot fungi in soil was investigated. As a control experiment (untreated section), the number of black rot fungi was similarly investigated in soil not mixed with edible mushroom culture residue after soil contamination with black rot fungi.

  The number of black rot fungi in the soil was measured according to the following procedure. That is, 20 g of soil sifted using a 300 mesh sieve is added to 80 mL of physiological saline (0.85% NaCl) to obtain a suspension, and this suspension is shaken back and forth at 120 cm / min with an amplitude of 10 cm. Shake for 30 minutes using a machine followed by centrifugation at 500 rpm for 5 minutes. The supernatant after centrifugation is diluted 10-fold with distilled water containing 0.05% agar, and 500 μL of the diluted solution is added dropwise to NSCAA medium (Randhawa, PS and Schaad, NW (1984). Phytopathology 74: 268-272.) Then, it was uniformly applied with a corn large stick, and after culturing at 25 ° C., the number of colonies having a shape peculiar to black rot fungi was examined to determine the number of black rot fungi.

The number of black rot bacteria per gram of dry soil is 1.09 x 10 ⁷ cfu when mixed with edible mushroom culture residue (treated area), and 7.06 x 10 ⁷ cfu when not mixed with edible mushroom culture residue (untreated area) there were.

The following formula,
Control value = 100− (number of black rot bacteria in treated area) / (number of black rot bacteria in untreated area) × 100
As a result, the control value was calculated to be 84.6%. The results are summarized in Table 5.

  From this test result, it is understood that the growth of black rot fungus can be significantly suppressed by applying the edible mushroom culture residue to the soil.

Effect of BAL bacteria culture solution immersion treatment on black rot fungus artificially contaminated seeds, and suppression effect of black rot occurrence when edible mushroom culture residue mixed treatment on sowing medium
BAL bacteria were inoculated into AG medium and cultured with shaking for 7 days, and 200 mg of black rot artificially contaminated seeds were wrapped in gauze and immersed in BAL bacteria culture solution having a bacterial concentration of 1 × 10 ⁶ cfu / mL for a certain period of time. The immersion time was 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 40 minutes, and 60 minutes. After soaking, the seeds were drained, spread and dried overnight at 35 ° C. For comparison, black rot artificially contaminated seeds were immersed in an AG medium not inoculated with BAL bacteria for the same time and dried.

Sterilized soil (hereinafter referred to as “sterilized soil”) treated for 30 minutes at 100 ° C. using steam soil disinfecting machine SB-150 (Marubun Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) and edible mushrooms A mixture of culture residues (see Example 7 (1)) mixed with sterilized soil at a rate of 2000 kg / 10a (hereinafter “edible mushroom culture residue mixed soil”) was prepared. 20 seeds of artificially contaminated black rot fungus treated with the above treatment were sown and managed at 25 ° C.
In addition, as an untreated group, a test group in which black rot fungus artificially contaminated seeds were sown on sterilized soil was prepared.

  The state on the ninth day after sowing is shown in FIGS. The upper part of FIG. 4 shows the cultivation results under the conditions of “BAL bacterial inoculated AG medium immersion + edible mushroom culture residue mixed soil”, and the lower part shows the cultivation results under the conditions of “BAL bacterial inoculated AG medium immersion + sterilized soil” (both upper and lower stages). The immersion time is 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 40 minutes, and 60 minutes from the left end. The left end of FIG. 5 is the result of cultivation under the conditions of “non-inoculated AG medium immersion + sterilized soil”, the center is the result of cultivation under the condition of “BAL bacteria inoculated AG medium immersion + sterilized soil”, and the right end is “BAL bacteria inoculated AG medium It is a cultivation result on the conditions of "immersion + edible mushroom culture residue mixed soil" (all three have an immersion time of 60 minutes).

The symptom of black rot which appears in the cotyledon 9 days after sowing was investigated. The survey was conducted by dividing the disease index into the following 6 levels. Upper row: Disease index 0: No symptoms Disease index 1: Disease area is less than half of cotyledons Disease index 2: Disease area is 1 cotyledon Disease index 3: Disease area is 1.5 cotyledons Disease index 4: Disease Spot area is equivalent to 2 cotyledons Disease index 5: Withered strain

From the survey results,
Disease severity = (1n ₁ + 2n ₂ + 3n ₃ + 4n ₄ + 5n ₅ ) / (5 × total number of individuals surveyed)
Based on the above, the disease severity was calculated. Note that the letters n ₁ , n ₂ , n ₃ , n ₄ , and n ₅ in the formula represent the numbers of individuals showing the disease index ₁ , ₂ , ₃ , ₄ , ₅ , respectively.

From the calculated severity,
Control value = 100-morbidity of treated area / morbidity of untreated area × 100
Was used to calculate the control value. Table 6 shows the control value of each treatment section. As can be seen from Table 6, the occurrence of black rot was suppressed by immersing the artificially contaminated seeds of black rot fungus in the BAL culture medium. Moreover, the longer the immersion time in the BAL bacteria culture solution, the higher the effect. In addition, for test plots using edible mushroom culture residue mixed soil, seeds soaked in BAL bacterial inoculated AG medium for 60 minutes, even in test plots with a short immersion time in BAL bacterial culture (for example, 10 minutes) A control value almost equal to that in the case of seeding on sterilized soil was obtained.

BAL fungus culture broth culture solution cultured on AG leaves on 9 leaves of chingensai (variety winter prize) 4 leaf stage of black rot control by spraying BAL culture broth above ground (bacterial concentration 3 × 10 ⁸ cfu / mL) was sprayed in a spray bottle. After leaving still for about 1 hour, 300 mL of black rot fungus liquid was spray-inoculated by spraying. This black rot fungus liquid was prepared by scraping all black rot fungi previously cultured on 5 PSA plate media and suspending in 150 mL of distilled water to make a black rot fungus liquid for inoculation with a black rot fungus concentration of 10 ⁸ cfu / mL. It is. Plants after inoculation were placed in a wet room (humidity 80%) and controlled at 20 ° C. For comparison, spray test inoculation with BAL bacterial culture and then inoculation with black rot fungus, and nine intestine rhinoceros without spraying BAL bacterial culture with the same concentration of black rot bacterial spray A test zone (untreated zone) was prepared. The above-ground part on the 26th day after the start of the experiment is shown in FIG. In Fig. 6, the left one column is "BAL bacteria inoculation + black rot inoculation", the middle one is "BAL inoculation + black rot inoculation" (treatment area), the right one is "BAL inoculation + black inoculation" It is a cultivation result of "rot fungus inoculation" (untreated section). The disease was investigated by evaluating the presence or absence of black rot symptoms appearing on the leaves after 33 days. First, the diseased leaf rate (ratio of the number of diseased leaves in the number of surveyed leaves) was calculated, and then the following formula: Control value = 100− (emergence leaf rate in treated area / actile leaf rate in untreated area) × 100
Was used to calculate the control value. The results are shown in Table 7. When BAL bacteria were sprayed before black rot inoculation, the onset of black rot was suppressed. From this result, it can be seen that the pathogenesis and transmission of black rot can be suppressed by preventing and spraying the BAL bacterial culture on the above-ground part of the black rot host.

Effects of conventional fungicides or insecticides on BAL bacteria Amister 20 flowable (syngenta, azoxystrobin wettable powder) and dimandaisen wettable powder (DS Ryosho, Manzeb) are conventional fungicides and insecticides , Robral wettable powder (Yasu Chemical, Iprodione wettable powder), Rizorex wettable powder (Sumitomo Chemical, Torquelophosmethyl wettable powder), Stana wettable powder (Sumitomo Chemical, Oxolinic acid wettable powder), Daconil 1000 flowable ( SDS, TPN wettable powder), Z Bordeaux (Japanese pesticide, copper wettable powder), Benrate wettable powder (Sumitomo Chemical, Benomyl wettable powder), Ridomil MZ wettable powder (Syngenta, Manzeb Metalaxyl wettable powder), Bestguard water solvent (Sumika Takeda, Nitenpyram water solvent), DDVP emulsion (Japanese pesticide, DDVP emulsion), Afarm emulsion (Syngenta, Emamectin benzoate emulsion), A Domeier wettable powder (Bayer CropScience, Imidacloprid wettable powder), Lannate 45 wettable powder (Sankyo Agro, Mesomil wettable powder), Padan SG water solvent (Sumika Takeda, Cartap water solvent), Mospiran water solvent (Nippon Soda) , Acetamiprid aqueous solvent), Elsane emulsion (Nissan Chemical, PAP emulsion), Aktara granule aqueous solvent (Syngenta, thiamethoxam aqueous solvent), Kotetsu flowable (Japanese pesticide, chlorfenapyr wettable powder), Trebon emulsion (Mitsui Chemicals, Etofenprox emulsion) ) Were each diluted to a predetermined concentration, and filter paper (Toyo Filter Paper No. 2) was immersed in the chemical solution and dried. Subsequently, 44 μL of a suspension of BAL bacteria suspended in distilled water (2 × 10 ⁸ cfu / mL) is sprayed onto this filter paper per square centimeter, dried again, and allowed to stand overnight at 25 ° C. in the dark. It was. The filter paper was cut into 5-10 mm squares and cultured on YPA medium under dark conditions at 25 ° C.

  After 3 days and 4 days of culture, BAL bacteria growing around a 10 mm square filter paper piece placed on the YPA medium were observed.

  The results are shown in Table 8. Moreover, the plate after 4 days of culture is shown in FIG. The growth of BAL bacteria was not affected by fungicides and insecticides except for some drugs. However, in the presence of dimandaisen wettable powder and lidomid MZ wettable powder, the growth of BAL bacteria was very slow, and almost no colonies were observed after 3 days of culture, that is, no growth of BAL bacteria was observed, but after 4 days Thereafter, growth was gradually observed. In the presence of stana wettable powder and Daconyl 1000 flowable, no growth of BAL bacteria was observed.

  The above results suggest that the plant disease control agent or control material of the present invention containing BAL bacteria can be mixed with many conventional fungicides and insecticides, or alternately or simultaneously without mixing.

Suppression of growth of Bacilli (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. Michiganensis)
BAL bacteria were scraped from a YPA slant medium with 1 platinum ear, inoculated into 100 mL of AG medium in a 300 mL Erlenmeyer flask, and cultured with shaking at 25 ° C for 48 hours using a reciprocating shaker with an amplitude of 10 cm and 120 times / min. . This culture broth was inoculated with 100 μL of the causal fungus suspension, and further cultured with shaking under the same conditions for 48 hours. The scab pathogen suspension used here was prepared by suspending the scab pathogen cultured in a PSA slant medium in 9 mL of 1 platinum earpick-up sterilized water. As a control experiment (untreated group), 100 μL of the scab suspension was inoculated into 100 mL of AG medium not inoculated with BAL bacteria, and similarly cultured with shaking at 25 ° C. for 48 hours. Each culture solution is diluted by the serial dilution method (see Example 1), and 100 μL is applied to each dilution factor (100,000, 1,000,000, 10,000,000 times) on a 9 cm diameter YPA plate medium at 25 ° C. Cultivation was carried out for 72 hours, and the number of colonies of the scab that grew was counted. Table 9 shows the results of counting the number of colonies of scab. The state of the colony is shown in FIG. Thus, when the scab pathogen was cultured with BAL at 48 ° C. for 48 hours, the growth of the scab pathogen was completely suppressed.

Suppression of bacterial growth caused by BAL bacteria (Ralstonia solanacearum)
BAL bacteria were scraped from a YPA slant medium with 1 platinum ear, inoculated into 100 mL of AG medium in a 300 mL Erlenmeyer flask, and cultured with shaking at 25 ° C for 48 hours using a reciprocating shaker with an amplitude of 10 cm and 120 times / min. . The culture broth was inoculated with 100 μL of the bacterial wilt suspension, and further cultured with shaking under the same conditions for 120 hours. The bacterial wilt fungus suspension used here was prepared by suspending bacterial wilt fungus cultured in a PSA slant medium in 9 mL of 1 platinum earpick-up sterilized water. As a control experiment (untreated section), 100 μL of bacterial wilt fungus suspension was inoculated into 100 mL of AG medium not inoculated with BAL bacteria, and similarly cultured with shaking at 25 ° C. for 120 hours. Dilute each culture solution by serial dilution method (see Example 1), apply 100 μL of each dilution ratio (1,000,000 times, 10,000,000 times) to a 9 cm diameter YPA plate medium and incubate at 25 ° C. for 72 hours. Then, the number of colonies of the grown bacterial wilt disease was counted. Table 10 shows the colony count results of bacterial wilt disease. The appearance of the colony is shown in FIG. Thus, when bacterial wilt bacteria were cultured with BAL bacteria at 25 ° C. for 120 hours, growth of bacterial wilt bacteria was suppressed.

Suppression of soft rot fungus (Erwinia carotovora subsp. Carotovora) by BAL bacteria
BAL bacteria were scraped from a YPA slant medium with 1 platinum ear, inoculated into 100 mL of AG medium in a 300 mL Erlenmeyer flask, and cultured with shaking at 25 ° C for 48 hours using a reciprocating shaker with an amplitude of 10 cm and 120 times / min. . This culture solution was inoculated with 100 μL of the soft rot suspension, and further cultured with shaking under the same conditions for 96 hours. The soft rot suspension used here was prepared by suspending soft rot fungus cultured on 2% sucrose-added potato broth agar medium (hereinafter referred to as PSA) slant medium in 9 ml of sterile water by scraping one platinum ear. . As a control experiment (untreated section), 100 μL of a soft rot suspension was inoculated into 100 mL of AG medium not inoculated with BAL bacteria, and similarly cultured with shaking at 25 ° C. for 96 hours. Dilute each culture solution by serial dilution method (see Example 1), apply 100 μL of each dilution ratio (1,000,000 times, 10,000,000 times) to a 9 cm diameter YPA plate medium and incubate at 25 ° C. for 72 hours. The number of colonies of the grown soft rot fungi was counted. Table 11 shows the results of counting the number of soft rot colonies. The appearance of the colony is shown in FIG. Thus, when the soft rot bacteria were cultured with BAL bacteria at 25 ° C. for 96 hours, the growth of the soft rot bacteria was completely suppressed.

Chinese cabbage soft rot control Chinese cabbage petals were washed with tap water, distilled water and 70% ethanol in that order, wiped with Kimwipe and placed in a large glass petri dish. A soft rot fungus (Erwinia carotovora subsp. Carotovora) was cultured in a YPA slant medium for 3 days and suspended in 9 ml of distilled water to give a bacterial solution of 1 × 10 ⁷ cfu / ml. After 1 ml of BAL bacteria culture solution was added to 1 ml of this bacterial solution and stirred well, 8 cotton needles were soaked and the Chinese cabbage petioles were damaged and inoculated. After inoculation, the glass petri dish was sealed with a paraffin film so as not to dry, and was left overnight in a 30 ° C. incubator. As a control experiment (untreated section), a needle mixture was similarly inoculated with 1 ml of a bacterial solution and 1 ml of distilled water. In the survey, the damage rate was evaluated by taking a petiole section with no softening spoilage as-and a petiole section with softening spoilage as +. Moreover, the control value was computed by following Formula. Control value = 100− (morbidity in treated area / morbidity in untreated area) × 100. The results are shown in Table 12. The state on the first day after the start of the experiment is shown in FIG.

The culture solution for controlling seed contamination of rice seedling bacteria (Burkholderia plantarii) and rice seedling bacteria (Burkholderia glumae) is the rice seedling bacteria (stored in Japan Plant Protection Association) PPG medium (potato 200 g, disodium phosphate 12 hydrate (wako) 3 g, dipotassium phosphate (wako) 0.5 g, peptone 5 g (Nippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) 5 g, sodium chloride (wako) 3 g, glucose (wako) ) 5g, distilled water 1 liter) for 3 days at 25 ° C with shaking. As the soot to be contaminated, a soot that had been preliminarily immersed and sterilized with a 250-fold solution of Chemmicron G (Nihon Soda Co., Ltd.) for 30 minutes, then washed with running water for 45 minutes and dried. In a 100 ml beaker, 15 g of seeds and 30 ml of the culture solution containing the bacteria were placed and contaminated under reduced pressure using a vacuum pump (yamato MINIVAC PS-22).

  BAL bacteria-containing culture solution that was shaken and cultured for 5 days in a 50 ml falcon tube with 3 g of the above contaminated seeds and okara extract (50 g of okara suspended in 100 ml of distilled water, filtered with gauze and autoclaved at 121 ° C. for 20 minutes) 30 ml (hereinafter referred to as BAL bacteria culture solution) was added to each for immersion treatment. 1.5 g of seeds soaked at room temperature for 48 hours were mixed and seeded in an ice cream cup made of polyethylene and having a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 5.5 cm containing 100 ml of granular soil D (Kureha Chemical). As a control, contaminated seeds that were not soaked with the BAL bacteria culture solution were similarly sown. After sprouting in a dark place at 32 ° C, the plant continued to be planted and managed in an artificial weather room at 20 ° C. On the 16th day after sowing, all strains were removed and the pathogenesis was investigated (Basics of Crop Pathogen Research Techniques-Isolation and Culture・ Inoculation-Kenichi Ohata (Japan Plant Protection Association). We investigated dead and browned seedlings as diseased strains. The disease incidence was calculated and the control value was calculated by the following formula. Control value = 100− (morbidity in treated area / morbidity in untreated area) × 100. The results are shown in Table 13. FIG. 12 shows the 16th day after the start of the experiment.

上記と同様の実験操作を、イネもみ枯細菌病菌（社団法人日本植物防疫協会保存菌）についても行った。もみ枯細菌病については枯死苗、重症苗（草丈が健全の1／2未満のもの）を発病株として調査を行った。結果を表１４に示す。また実験開始後16日目の様子を図１２に示す。

The same experimental operation as described above was also performed on rice wilt bacteria (preserved bacteria of the Japan Plant Protection Association). Bacterial blight diseases were investigated using dead seedlings and severe seedlings (those with less than 1/2 plant height) as diseased strains. The results are shown in Table 14. FIG. 12 shows the 16th day after the start of the experiment.

Inhibition of germination of rice blast fungus (Pyricularia grisea) spores
Samples were prepared by diluting 5 times with the stock solution of BAL bacterial culture (2 times and 10 times as final concentrations during germination test) and distilled water as a control. 20 μL of each spore of rice blast fungus suspended in PS medium (medium supplemented with 2% sugar in potato broth) (grown with oatmeal agar medium supplemented with sugar and formed by BLB irradiation) and 20 μL each from the sample After mixing well on a slide glass and leaving it in a wet chamber at 25 ° C. for 24 hours, the presence or absence of a germ tube was observed using a microscope. FIG. 13 shows rice blast fungus spores 24 hours after mixing the samples. In the mixture of the culture broth, germination of rice blast fungus spores was suppressed in both the stock solution and 5-fold dilution, and germinated spores were not observed.

Germination control effect of spore germination of sesame leaf blight fungus (Cochliobolus miyabeanus)
In a 300 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 mL of YPA medium (0.5% yeast extract (Nippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), 1% polypeptone (Nippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), 0.5% sodium chloride, pH 7.00, autoclaved for 20 minutes) After inoculating one platinum loop of BAL bacteria cultured in the medium, they were cultured with shaking (120 times / min) at 25 ° C. for 72 hours. The obtained stock solution, 5-fold diluted solution, and 10-fold diluted solution were used as samples. Moreover, what was processed similarly using distilled water was made into the no-treatment section. Spores of rice sesame leaf blight fungus suspended in distilled water (formed by inoculating a pre-culture of rice sesame leaf blight fungus in PSA medium and culturing at 25 ° C for 7-10 days) After adding 100 μL and stirring well, 50 μL was placed in a whole slide glass and allowed to stand in a wet chamber at 25 ° C. for 24 hours, and then the presence and shape of the germ tube was observed using a microscope. Sesame leaf blight fungus spores 24 hours after mixing the samples are shown in FIG. In the stock solution of the culture solution, spores did not germinate, and in 5-fold dilution and 10-fold dilution, germ tube elongation was suppressed and swelling malformation occurred, and germ tube elongation was not observed.

Disperse distilled water as BAL fungus culture solution or control plot on 6-7 leaf rice (variety: Nihonbare) grown in rice sesame leaf blight control artificial weather machine by spraying BAL fungus culture solution above ground , 25 ° C After 24 hours under a 16-hour day length, a spore suspension of rice sesame leaf blight (Cochliobolus miyabeanus) was spray-inoculated. This spore suspension was pre-cultured with rice sesame leaf blight fungus (Cochliobolus miyabeanus) in PSA medium, poured distilled water into the culture dish, rubbed the flora with a brush, washed off the spores, and filtered with double gauze Thereafter, the spore concentration was adjusted to 10 per 100-fold field of view of the microscope and 0.02% of Tween 20 was prepared. After inoculation, the rice was covered with a plastic container and left in a wet room at a temperature of 25 ° C. for 24 hours. 6 days after inoculation, measure the total number of lesions and leaf area of fully expanded leaves at the time of inoculation, calculate the average number of lesions per 1 cm ² , based on the numerical value,
Control value = 100− (average number of lesions in treatment group) / (average number of lesions in control group) × 100
Then, the control value was obtained. The results are shown in Table 15. The control value of the culture solution of BAL bacteria was 89.7, indicating that rice sesame leaf blight can be suppressed.

Inhibitory effect of BAL bacterial culture on cucumber gray mold fungus (Botrytis cinerea) The cotyledon part of cucumber was cut out from the hypocotyl part and placed in a container with a paper towel soaked in water so that the cut surface was attached to the paper towel. A gray mold fungus was previously grown on 2% sucrose-added potato broth agar (PSA) and the spores formed under BLB irradiation were suspended in 2% glucose-added potato broth (PG). did. Adjust the spore density of the suspension to 2 × 10 ⁷ cells / mL, drop 50 μL on the center of 10 cotyledons per ward, and attach a paper disk (Toyo filter paper, thick 8 mm for antibiotic test) on it. I let you. Furthermore, 50 μL of distilled water or iprodione wettable powder (Robral) (dilution ratio 1000 times) was dropped from the top of the paper disc as a BAL bacterial culture or as a control, and the container was sealed and placed at 20 ° C. for 16 hours. .

The test results are shown in Table 16 and FIG. The effect was expressed by the browning diameter around the paper disk due to infection. Moreover, the control value is the following formula in comparison with distilled water:
Control value = 100− (average browning diameter of treated area) / (average browning diameter of distilled water) × 100
Calculated by The state of browning of cotyledons 3 days after inoculation is shown in FIG. 12, and the average of 10 cotyledons with browning diameter is shown in Table 16. When the culture solution was added dropwise, the browning diameter was clearly smaller than that of the control group, and thus cucumber gray mold disease was suppressed.

Cucumber (variety: Matsukaze) sprouting on April 28, 2004 in a cucumber brown spot control plastic greenhouse by spraying BAL bacteria culture solution above the ground , raising BAL fungus on young seedlings when developing two true leaves Distilled water or Daconyl 1000 (dilution rate 1000 times) was sprayed in a sufficient amount as a liquid or a control group. After 5 hours at 25 ° C and the spray solution has dried, culture in PSA medium in advance, pour distilled water into a petri dish, scrape the bacterial flora with a brush, wash the spores, filter with double gauze, and spore concentration 10 ⁵ The spore suspension was spray-inoculated with cucumber brown spot fungus (Corynespora casiicola: Musashino seed nursery). After inoculation, the cucumber was covered with a plastic container to form a wet room, kept at a temperature of 25 ° C. for 24 hours, and then managed at 25 ° C. for 16 hours. 20 days after inoculation, measure the total number of lesions on the fully expanded leaves at the time of inoculation, determine the average number of lesions per sheet, based on the numerical value,
Control value = 100− (average number of lesions in treated area) / (average number of lesions in untreated area) × 100
Then, the control value was obtained. The results are shown in Table 17. In Table 17, 1-1, 1-2, 2-1, 2-2 are the first leaf of the first individual, the second leaf of the first individual, the first leaf of the second individual, the second leaf of the second individual, respectively. The second leaf is shown. FIG. 16 shows the state on the 20th day after the start of the experiment in each treatment section. The control value of both the BAL bacterial culture and Daconil 1000 is 100, and cucumber brown spot can be suppressed to the same extent as Daconyl 1000.

Efficacy test of BAL bacterial culture on black spot disease (Alternaria brassicae)
BAL bacteria were scraped from a YPA slant medium with 1 platinum ear and inoculated into 100 mL of Okara extract medium in a 300 mL Erlenmeyer flask and cultured with shaking at 25 ° C for 4 days using a reciprocating shaker at 10 cm in amplitude and 120 times / min. . A small handspray of this BAL bacteria culture on the leaves of a turnip (cultivar Natsume No. 13 small pods, seeding date March 10, 2004, growth at the time of inoculation, 3 true leaves, cultivated for 20 days in a 75mm diameter cropoly pot) And uniformly sprayed in a humid chamber at 25 ° C. for 24 hours. Suspension of black spot fungus (Alternaria brassicae, Musashino seed nursery disease, biotech laboratory preserved bacteria) that has been cultured in PSA plate medium in advance is suspended in distilled water, and this suspension is small-sized on the leaf of the turnip. After spraying uniformly with hand spray, it was placed in a moist chamber at 25 ° C. for 24 hours and controlled at 20 ° C. until symptoms appeared. The spore suspension concentration at the time of inoculation was diluted 200 times to about 40 per field. As a control, a group in which water was sprayed instead of the BAL bacteria culture solution (untreated group), and a group in which a 1000-fold solution of iprodione wettable powder was sprayed as an existing control agent were provided. The survey was conducted for each treated individual based on the following disease index.

Disease index 0: No disease symptoms Disease index 1: Disease area is 25% or less of leaf area Disease index 2: Disease area is 25% to 50% of leaf area
Disease index 3: Disease area is 50% or more of leaf area Disease index 4: Withered strain

From the survey results,
Disease severity = (1n ₁ + 2n ₂ + 3n ₃ + 4n ₄ ) / (4 × total number of individuals surveyed)
Based on the above, the disease severity was calculated. Note that the letters n ₁ , n ₂ , n ₃ , and n ₄ in the formula represent the numbers of individuals showing the disease index ₁ , ₂ , ₃ , ₄ respectively.
From the calculated severity,
Control value = 100-morbidity of treated area / morbidity of untreated area × 100
Was used to calculate the control value.

  The results are shown in Table 18. FIG. 17 shows the state of leaves at the time of disease evaluation. Thus, the black spot disease was completely suppressed by spraying the culture solution of BAL bacteria.

Efficacy test of BAL culture solution against white rust fungus (Albugo macrospora)
BAL bacteria were scraped from a YPA slant medium with 1 platinum ear and inoculated into 100 mL of Okara extract medium in a 300 mL Erlenmeyer flask and cultured with shaking at 25 ° C for 4 days using a reciprocating shaker at 10 cm in amplitude and 120 times / min. . This BAL bacteria culture solution is sprayed evenly with a small hand spray on the leaf surface of Chingensai (variety Fukushinmi, sowing date February 12, 2004, growth degree at the time of inoculation 5 main leaves, cultivated for 30 days in a 75mm diameter cropoly pot) And placed in a wet room at 25 ° C. for 24 hours. Furthermore, after 24 hours at 25 ° C, zoosporangia seeds collected from the conidia of Albugo macrospora that spontaneously developed Komatsuna in the breeding field were suspended in distilled water and sprayed with a small hand spray. After inoculation, it was allowed to stand in a humid chamber at 11 ° C. for 24 hours. The concentration of zoospore suspension at the time of inoculation was diluted 200 times to about 30 per field. Until symptom appeared, it was managed in a tunnel and a heated house only at night. As a control, a group (non-treated group) in which water was sprayed instead of the BAL bacteria culture solution was provided. For each treated individual, the number of conidia layers per unit area in the two leaf blades at the time of inoculation was investigated. From this survey result, the control value of the treatment area is
Control value = 100 - (conidia number of layers of the treated area 1cm ² of conidia number of layers / non-treated area 1cm ²⁾ × 100
Calculated by

  The results are shown in Table 19. FIG. 18 shows the state of a diseased leaf. Thus, the control value by spraying the culture solution of BAL bacteria is high, and practicality is recognized.

Efficacy test of BAL fungus against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. raphani Eco- Bran material (Fusuma compost sold by Chiba Flour Milling Co., Ltd .: N 29%, P ₂ O ₅ 38%, K ₂ O 2.0%, organic matter 52.5% Water 35 to 40%, pH 7.5, CN ratio 10) 40 g and rice bran 10 g were mixed well, autoclaved at 121 ° C. for 1 hour, and after 24 hours, autoclaved again under the same conditions. To this sterilized material, 30 ml of sterilized water and 0.6 g of BAL bacterium okara culture powder (see Example 6) diluted 10-fold with diatomaceous earth were added and mixed well, and then placed at 30 ° C. for 4 days to obtain BAL bacterium culture material. Cut out the turnip yellow rot fungus (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. raphani, preserved in Musashino Tanaeen Disease and Biotech Lab.) Pre-cultured in PSA plate medium into a 300-mL conical flask. Inoculated into 100 mL of the PG medium, and cultured with shaking at 25 ° C. for 5 days using a reciprocating shaker with an amplitude of 10 cm and 120 times / min. The culture solution was filtered with double gauze and then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to collect spores. The spore was suspended in distilled water, centrifuged under the same conditions, and the precipitate was collected and washed twice. Suspend this precipitate in distilled water and evenly mix with sterilized soil to create a contaminated soil containing 2 × 10 ⁷ turnip dwarf fungus spores / ml and place at 25 ° C. for 24 hours. Mix thoroughly to 500kg / 10a (including 1 × 10 ⁷ cfu / g BAL bacteria) and place at 25 ° C for 6 days, and turnip (variety Natsume No. 13 Kosuge) on May 20, 2004 And was controlled at 25 ° C. For comparison, sterilized soil, contaminated soil that does not contain BAL bacteria culture materials (untreated section), and chemical control agent section that irrigates 3 L / m ² of benomyl wettable powder 1000 times after sowing to contaminated soil. Tested. The degree of yellowing and death of cotyledons was investigated 18 days after sowing.
From the survey results,
Disease severity was calculated from disease severity = number of diseased strains / total number of individuals examined.
From the calculated severity,
Control value = 100-morbidity of treated area / morbidity of untreated area × 100
Was used to calculate the control value.

  The results are shown in Table 20. FIG. 19 shows the situation on the 18th day after the start of the experiment. The group to which the BAL bacteria culture solution addition control material was applied had higher disease control ability than the chemical control group.

Test of the effect of BAL bacteria against Rhizoctonia solani 40 g Eco bran material (described in Example 13) and 10 g rice bran are mixed well, autoclaved at 121 ° C. for 1 hour, and 24 hours later, under the same conditions once more Was sterilized at high pressure. To this sterilized material, 30 ml of sterilized water and 0.6 g of BAL bacterium okara culture powder (see Example 6) diluted 10-fold with diatomaceous earth were added and mixed well, and then placed at 30 ° C. for 7 days to obtain BAL bacterium culture material. This material was mixed with sterilized soil to 1 t / 10a (containing 5 × 10 ⁷ cfu / g of BAL bacteria) and allowed to stand at 25 ° C. in the dark for 10 days. Bacteria seedling blight fungus (Rhizoctonia solani AG-4, IIIA seedling blight system, Musashino seed nursery disease disease / bitech laboratory preservation bacteria) cultured on PSA plate medium for 2 days is punched with a cork borer, Three microbiota pieces were placed at regular intervals on the bottom of an ice cream cup (length 7 cm, width 7 cm, height 5 cm). Sterilized soil (125 ml) mixed with BAL bacteria culture material was filled so as to cover the flora, and 100 mg of bentgrass (manufactured by Snow Brand) was seeded and managed in a 28 ° C. artificial weather room. As control plots, sterilized soil without inoculation of the seedling blight fungus (sterile soil) and sterilized soil inoculated with the seedling blight fungus (no treatment) were similarly seeded and managed. On the 11th day after sowing, the number of surviving strains was examined, and the surviving strain rate and the dead strain rate were determined from the following formulas, with the surviving strain number in the sterilized soil as the seeding strain number common to each test section.
Survival rate = number of surviving strains / number of surviving strains in sterile soil x 100
Dead strain rate = 100-Survival strain rate Further, from the dead strain rate,
Control value = 100− (Dead strain rate in treated area / Dead strain ratio in untreated group) × 100
Was used to calculate the control value.

  The results are shown in Table 21. FIG. 20 shows the state on the 11th day after the start of the experiment. Although the contamination concentration was extremely high, the control value was low, but the effect was recognized.

Suppression of TMV infection in soil contaminated with TMV (Tobacco mosaic virus) using BAL bacteria control materials
4 g (fresh weight) of TMV disease leaves were put in a mortar and ground in 10 ml of 1/15 M phosphate buffer pH6.98 to make an inoculum. This juice was equally divided into two 50 ml Falcon tubes and adjusted to 50 ml with phosphate buffer. A 500 ml beaker was charged with 100 ml of dried sterilized soil, 1.25 g of rice bran (equivalent to 500 kg / 10a), and 50 ml of juice. As a BAL bacteria treatment group, 20 ml of the culture solution shake-cultured with okara extract was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 30 minutes, suspended in 50 ml of phosphate buffer, placed in the soil, and mixed well with a glass rod. As an untreated section, 50 ml of phosphate buffer was mixed. The soil surface was covered with vinyl, the beaker was covered with a wrap, the mouth was fastened with a string, and it was left in an incubator set at 38 ° C for practical application of the simple solar method. On the 4th day after treatment, 3 g of soil from each treatment area was taken in a beaker, and the carborundum method was applied to Nicotiana glutinosa, a TMV discriminating plant that was allowed to stand and the supernatant was grown on 8 true leaves. (Studies on plant pathology, Shoji Sato, Masao Goto, Yoji Doi, Kodansha). Nicotiana glutinosa is managed in an artificial weather room at 20 ° C, counts the number of local lesions appearing on the leaves on the 6th day after inoculation, measures the leaf area, and based on the number of local lesions per unit area, the following formula Was used to calculate the control value.
Control value = 100− (number of lesions per unit area of treated area / number of lesions per unit area of untreated area) × 100
The results are shown in Table 22. FIG. 21 shows a state at the time of disease.

Melon necrotic spot virus infection-inhibited melon seeds (variety Earls Miya) 20 grains were placed on a 9cm petri dish with 1 filter paper and 4.25ml of distilled water placed on it and allowed to germinate at 25 ° C for 2 days . A 25-well cell was filled with 50 ml of Kureha Horticultural soil, and the germinated seeds were sown and covered with 50 ml of sterile soil. The seedlings were raised in an artificial climate room at 25 ° C. The inoculum used for the test was 2 ml of melon necrotic spot-infected leaves that had been frozen and stored at -30 ° C (the virus origin was a virus strain from Isahaya City, Nagasaki Prefecture) in a mortar, and 1/15 M phosphate buffer Triturated in 10 ml of pH6.98. The grinding liquid was filtered with double gauze and used for the following tests.

3 ml of the grinding solution and 3 ml of BAL bacteria culture solution cultured with shaking in an okara medium for 8 days were mixed, sealed with parafilm, and allowed to stand in an incubator at 25 ° C. After 5 hours and 22 hours, melon cotyledons were inoculated by the carborundum method (according to Example 25). As the untreated section, a section in which the grinding liquid and the phosphate buffer were mixed was provided. After inoculation, it was controlled in an artificial weather room at 25 ° C. The number of lesions per cotyledon was calculated by counting the number of local lesions appearing on the cotyledon 7 to 8 days after inoculation, and the control value was calculated by the following formula. It was 73.3 after 5 hours and 80 after 22 hours.
Control value = 100− (number of lesions per cotyledon in treated area / number of lesions per cotyledon in untreated area) × 100
The results are shown in Table 23. FIG. 21 shows a state at the time of disease.

It is a figure which shows the growth inhibitory effect of the black rot fungus by BAL bacteria. It is a figure which shows the black rot fungus diseased state at the time of germinating the black rot fungus artificial contamination seed of Chingensai. It is a figure which shows the growth condition of the black rot fungus around the BAL microbe containing control agent processed black rot fungus artificial contamination seed. It is a figure which shows the mode of the 9th day after the experiment start in Example 8. FIG. It is a figure which shows the mode of the 9th day after the experiment start in Example 8. FIG. It is a figure which shows the mode of the 26th day after the experiment start in Example 9. FIG. It is a figure which shows the influence of a disinfectant and an insecticide with respect to the proliferation of BAL bacteria. It is a figure which shows the influence of a disinfectant and an insecticide with respect to the proliferation of BAL bacteria. (Continued from FIG. 7A) It is a figure which shows the growth inhibitory effect of the causal fungus by BAL microbe. It is a figure which shows the growth inhibitory effect of bacterial wilt disease by BAL bacteria. It is a figure which shows the growth inhibitory effect of the soft rot microbe by BAL microbe. FIG. 14 is a view showing a state on the first day after the start of the experiment in Example 14. FIG. 16 is a view showing a state on the 16th day after the start of the experiment in Example 15. FIG. 14 is a view showing a state 24 hours after the start of an experiment in Example 16. FIG. 14 is a view showing a state 24 hours after the start of an experiment in Example 17. FIG. 10 is a graph showing the effect of a BAL bacterial culture on gray mold in Example 19. FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a state on the 20th day after the start of the experiment in Example 20. FIG. 10 is a graph showing the effect of BAL bacterial culture on black spot disease in Example 21. FIG. 10 is a graph showing the effect of BAL bacterial culture on white rust in Example 22. FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a state on the 18th day after the start of the experiment in Example 23. FIG. 10 is a view showing a state on the 11th day after the start of an experiment in Example 24. FIG. 10 is a graph showing the effect of a BAL bacterial culture on TMV in Example 25. FIG. 10 is a graph showing the effect of a BAL bacterial culture on melon necrotic spot disease in Example 26.

Claims (2)

  Bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus that have the ability to suppress infection or growth of phytopathogenic viruses (except for Bacillus sp. BS-0017AV (Accession No. FERM P-19278) and DAIJU-SIID2550 (Accession No. FERM BP-10114)) A control agent or control material for plant diseases caused by viruses.   A method for controlling plant diseases caused by viruses, which comprises applying the control agent or control material according to claim 1 to a plant serving as a host of a phytopathogenic virus.

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