JP2006145503A - Visual inspection apparatus for cylindrical work - Google Patents

Visual inspection apparatus for cylindrical work Download PDF

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JP2006145503A
JP2006145503A JP2004339657A JP2004339657A JP2006145503A JP 2006145503 A JP2006145503 A JP 2006145503A JP 2004339657 A JP2004339657 A JP 2004339657A JP 2004339657 A JP2004339657 A JP 2004339657A JP 2006145503 A JP2006145503 A JP 2006145503A
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cylindrical workpiece
cylindrical
photoelectric conversion
workpiece
inspection apparatus
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Ryuji Sakida
隆二 崎田
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a visual inspection apparatus for cylindrical works that can speed up visual inspection for the cylindrical work, reduce cost, improve accuracy, and further improve productivity. <P>SOLUTION: The visual inspection apparatus comprises a carrying means 2 for carrying the cylindrical work 10, while making it rotate; a photoelectric conversion section 6 that has an imaging device 4 and an optical lens 5 so that the cylindrical work 10 enters the visual field, and photoelectrically converts captured light photographed by the imaging element 4 for outputting; an illuminating means 8 for illuminating the cylindrical work 10 with light; a visual inspection drive control means for controlling the position of the photoelectric conversion means 6 to the rotation movement of the cylindrical work 10; and an image processor 9 for visual inspections that decides the propriety of the cylindrical work 10, based on the image information of the cylindrical work 10 obtained by the photoelectric conversion section 6. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、例えば複写機やプリンターに用いられる感光体ドラム、現像ローラ、定着ローラ、或いは、それらの素管であるアルミローラ等の円筒状の検査対象(以下、「円筒状ワーク」という)の全周面の外観欠陥を画像処理により高速且つ自動的に行うことができる円筒状ワークの外観検査装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a cylindrical inspection object (hereinafter referred to as a “cylindrical workpiece”) such as a photosensitive drum, a developing roller, a fixing roller, or an aluminum roller that is a base tube of the photosensitive drum used in a copying machine or a printer. The present invention relates to an appearance inspection apparatus for a cylindrical workpiece capable of automatically and rapidly performing appearance defects on the entire peripheral surface by image processing.

従来から複写機やプリンターに用いられる感光体ドラム、現像ローラ、定着ローラ等の円筒状の検査対象(円筒状ワーク)の外観検査を行う円筒状ワークの外観検査装置が知られている。
しかしながら、従来の外観検査装置では円筒状ワークを検査位置に供給したり、検査後の円筒状ワークを検査位置から取り除いたりする必要があり、円筒状ワークのハンドリングが検査の高速化の障害になって生産性を低下させるという問題があった。
そこで、例えば特許文献1には、円筒状ワークのハンドリングを行うことなく、高速でしかも生産効率の良い外観検査装置が提案されている。特許文献1に開示されている外観検査装置は、搬送路上において円筒状ワークを回転させながら搬送する搬送装置と、搬送路の検査エリア上に設置されていてワークが少なくとも1回転する範囲を視野として有する二次元カメラと、二次元カメラの視野内で回転しながら移動するワークを照明する照明装置と、ワーク右半分用とワーク右半分用の二次元カメラにより一定間隔で撮像した画像を所定枚数取り込むことによりワークWの全周の画像情報を取得し、この画像情報に基づいてワークの外観の良否を判定する画像処理手段とが備えられている。
特開2002−350358公報
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a cylindrical work appearance inspection apparatus that performs a visual inspection of a cylindrical inspection object (cylindrical work) such as a photosensitive drum, a developing roller, and a fixing roller used in a copying machine or a printer is known.
However, in the conventional visual inspection apparatus, it is necessary to supply the cylindrical workpiece to the inspection position, or to remove the cylindrical workpiece after the inspection from the inspection position, and handling of the cylindrical workpiece becomes an obstacle to speeding up the inspection. As a result, there was a problem of reducing productivity.
Therefore, for example, Patent Document 1 proposes an appearance inspection apparatus that is fast and has high production efficiency without handling a cylindrical workpiece. The visual inspection apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a conveyance device that conveys a cylindrical workpiece while rotating it on the conveyance path, and a range that is installed on the inspection area of the conveyance path and that the workpiece rotates at least once. A predetermined number of images captured at a fixed interval by a two-dimensional camera, a lighting device that illuminates a moving workpiece while rotating within the field of view of the two-dimensional camera, and a two-dimensional camera for the right half of the workpiece and the right half of the workpiece Thus, image processing means for acquiring image information of the entire circumference of the workpiece W and determining whether the appearance of the workpiece is good based on the image information is provided.
JP 2002-350358 A

しかしながら、上記特許文献1の円筒状ワークの外観検査装置は、搬送装置の構造が複雑になる。
また円筒状ワークの全周を取り込むために必要な画像枚数が非常に多くなるため、画像処理に時間が掛かるといった問題点があった。
さらに例えば円筒状ワークの長さが比較的長い(例えば300mm程度)感光体ドラムの外観検査を行う場合、検出分解能を保つためには、多数の二次元カメラを並べる必要があるため、装置のコストが高くなると共に、画像処理を行う画像枚数も増大するため、画像処理に時間がかかるという問題点があった。
そこで、本発明は、上記したような点を鑑みてなされてなされたものであり、円筒状ワークに対する外観検査の高速化、低コスト化、高精度化を図り、さらに生産性を向上することができる円筒状ワークの外観検査装置を提供することである。
However, the cylindrical workpiece appearance inspection apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 has a complicated structure of the transfer device.
In addition, since the number of images required to capture the entire circumference of the cylindrical workpiece is very large, there is a problem that it takes time for image processing.
Further, for example, when the appearance inspection of a photosensitive drum having a relatively long cylindrical work (for example, about 300 mm) is performed, it is necessary to arrange a large number of two-dimensional cameras in order to maintain the detection resolution. And the number of images to be subjected to image processing increases, and there is a problem that it takes time for image processing.
Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above-described points, and it is possible to increase the speed, the cost, and the accuracy of the appearance inspection for the cylindrical workpiece, and further improve the productivity. An object of the present invention is to provide a cylindrical workpiece visual inspection apparatus.

上記目的を達成するため、請求項1に記載の発明は、円筒状の検査対象である円筒状ワークの外観検査を行う円筒状ワークの外観検査装置であって、前記円筒状ワークを回転させながら搬送する搬送手段と、前記円筒状ワークが視野に入るように撮像素子と光学レンズが設けられ、前記撮像素子により撮影した撮像光を光電変換して出力する光電変換手段と、前記円筒状ワークを照明する照明手段と、前記光電変換手段の位置を前記円筒状ワークの回転移動に合わせて制御する駆動制御手段と、前記光電変換手段によって得られる前記円筒状ワークの画像情報に基づいて前記円筒状ワークの良否を判定する判定手段と、を備えることを特徴とする。
また請求項2に記載の発明は、円筒状の検査対象である円筒状ワークの外観検査を行う円筒状ワークの外観検査装置であって、前記円筒状ワークを回転させながら搬送する搬送手段と、前記円筒状ワークが視野に入るように撮像素子と光学レンズが設けられ、前記撮像素子により撮影した撮像光を光電変換して出力する第一の光電変換手段と、前記円筒状ワークを照明する照明手段と、前記円筒状ワークの移動速度及び回転速度を測定する第二の光電変換手段と、前記第二の光電変換手段の出力に基づいて前記円筒状ワークの位置を測定するワーク位置測定手段と、前記ワーク位置測定手段によって得られた測定結果に基づいて前記第一の光電変換手段の位置を制御する駆動制御手段と、前記第一の光電変換手段によって得られた前記円筒状ワークの画像情報に基づいて前記円筒状ワークの良否を判定する判定手段と、を備えることを特徴とする。
また請求項3に記載の発明は、円筒状の検査対象である円筒状ワークの外観検査を行う円筒状ワークの外観検査装置であって、前記円筒状ワークを回転させながら搬送する搬送手段と、前記円筒状ワークが視野に入るように撮像素子と光学レンズが設けられ、前記撮像素子により撮影した撮像光を光電変換して出力する光電変換手段と、前記円筒状ワークを照明する照明手段と、前記光学レンズの位置を前記円筒状ワークの回転移動に合わせて制御する駆動制御手段と、前記光電変換手段によって得られる前記円筒状ワークの画像情報に基づいて前記円筒状ワークの良否を判定する判定手段と、を備えることを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 is an appearance inspection apparatus for a cylindrical workpiece for inspecting the appearance of a cylindrical workpiece which is a cylindrical inspection object, while rotating the cylindrical workpiece. An imaging device and an optical lens are provided so that the cylindrical workpiece enters a field of view, photoelectric conversion means for photoelectrically converting imaging light imaged by the imaging device, and outputting the cylindrical workpiece. Illumination means for illuminating, drive control means for controlling the position of the photoelectric conversion means in accordance with the rotational movement of the cylindrical workpiece, and the cylindrical shape based on image information of the cylindrical workpiece obtained by the photoelectric conversion means Determining means for determining whether the workpiece is good or bad.
The invention according to claim 2 is an appearance inspection apparatus for a cylindrical workpiece that performs an appearance inspection of a cylindrical workpiece that is a cylindrical inspection target, and a conveying unit that conveys the cylindrical workpiece while rotating the cylindrical workpiece; An image sensor and an optical lens are provided so that the cylindrical workpiece enters the field of view, and a first photoelectric conversion unit that photoelectrically converts and outputs imaging light photographed by the image sensor, and illumination that illuminates the cylindrical workpiece Means, second photoelectric conversion means for measuring the moving speed and rotational speed of the cylindrical workpiece, and workpiece position measuring means for measuring the position of the cylindrical workpiece based on the output of the second photoelectric conversion means. Drive control means for controlling the position of the first photoelectric conversion means based on the measurement result obtained by the workpiece position measurement means; and the cylindrical shape obtained by the first photoelectric conversion means. Characterized in that it comprises a determination means for determining acceptability of the cylindrical workpiece on the basis of the image information over click.
The invention according to claim 3 is an appearance inspection apparatus for a cylindrical workpiece that performs an appearance inspection of a cylindrical workpiece that is a cylindrical inspection target, and a conveying unit that conveys the cylindrical workpiece while rotating the cylindrical workpiece, An imaging device and an optical lens are provided so that the cylindrical workpiece enters the field of view, photoelectric conversion means for photoelectrically converting and outputting imaging light photographed by the imaging device, and illumination means for illuminating the cylindrical workpiece, A drive control means for controlling the position of the optical lens in accordance with the rotational movement of the cylindrical workpiece, and a determination for determining the quality of the cylindrical workpiece based on image information of the cylindrical workpiece obtained by the photoelectric conversion means. And means.

また請求項4に記載の発明は、円筒状の検査対象である円筒状ワークの外観検査を行う円筒状ワークの外観検査装置であって、前記円筒状ワークを回転させながら搬送する搬送手段と、前記円筒状ワークが視野に入るように撮像素子と光学レンズが設けられ、前記撮像素子により撮影した撮像光を光電変換して出力する第一の光電変換手段と、前記円筒状ワークを照明する照明手段と、前記円筒状ワークの移動速度及び回転速度を測定する第二の光電変換手段と、前記第二の光電変換手段の出力に基づいて前記円筒状ワークの位置を測定するワーク位置測定手段と、前記ワーク位置測定手段によって得られた測定結果に基づいて前記光学レンズの位置を制御する駆動制御手段と、前記第一の光電変換手段によって得られた前記円筒状ワークの画像情報に基づいて前記円筒状ワークの良否を判定する判定手段と、を備えることを特徴とする。
また請求項5に記載の発明は、円筒状の検査対象である円筒状ワークの外観検査を行う円筒状ワークの外観検査装置であって、前記円筒状ワークを回転させながら搬送する搬送手段と、前記円筒状ワークが視野に入るように撮像素子と光学レンズが設けられ、前記撮像素子により撮影した撮像光を光電変換して出力する光電変換手段と、前記円筒状ワークを照明する照明手段と、前記撮像素子の位置を前記円筒状ワークの回転移動に合わせて制御する駆動制御手段と、前記光電変換手段によって得られる前記円筒状ワークの画像情報に基づいて前記円筒状ワークの良否を判定する判定手段と、を備えることを特徴とする。
また請求項6に記載の発明は、円筒状の検査対象である円筒状ワークの外観検査を行う円筒状ワークの外観検査装置であって、前記円筒状ワークを回転させながら搬送する搬送手段と、前記円筒状ワークが視野に入るように撮像素子と光学レンズが設けられ、前記撮像素子により撮影した撮像光を光電変換して出力する第一の光電変換手段と、前記円筒状ワークを照明する照明手段と、前記円筒状ワークの移動速度及び回転速度を測定する第二の光電変換手段と、前記第二の光電変換手段の出力に基づいて前記円筒状ワークの位置を測定するワーク位置測定手段と、前記ワーク位置測定手段によって得られた測定結果に基づいて前記撮像素子の位置を制御する駆動制御手段と、前記第一の光電変換手段によって得られた前記円筒状ワークの画像情報に基づいて前記円筒状ワークの良否を判定する判定手段と、を備えることを特徴とする。
The invention according to claim 4 is an appearance inspection apparatus for a cylindrical workpiece that performs an appearance inspection of a cylindrical workpiece that is a cylindrical inspection target, and includes a conveying unit that conveys the cylindrical workpiece while rotating the cylindrical workpiece. An image sensor and an optical lens are provided so that the cylindrical workpiece enters the field of view, and a first photoelectric conversion unit that photoelectrically converts and outputs imaging light photographed by the image sensor, and illumination that illuminates the cylindrical workpiece Means, second photoelectric conversion means for measuring the moving speed and rotational speed of the cylindrical workpiece, and workpiece position measuring means for measuring the position of the cylindrical workpiece based on the output of the second photoelectric conversion means. Drive control means for controlling the position of the optical lens based on the measurement result obtained by the work position measurement means, and the cylindrical work obtained by the first photoelectric conversion means. Characterized in that it comprises a determination means for determining acceptability of the cylindrical workpiece on the basis of the image information.
The invention according to claim 5 is an appearance inspection apparatus for a cylindrical workpiece that performs an appearance inspection of a cylindrical workpiece that is a cylindrical inspection target, and a conveying unit that conveys the cylindrical workpiece while rotating the cylindrical workpiece; An imaging device and an optical lens are provided so that the cylindrical workpiece enters the field of view, photoelectric conversion means for photoelectrically converting and outputting imaging light photographed by the imaging device, and illumination means for illuminating the cylindrical workpiece, A drive control means for controlling the position of the image pickup device in accordance with the rotational movement of the cylindrical workpiece, and a determination for determining the quality of the cylindrical workpiece based on image information of the cylindrical workpiece obtained by the photoelectric conversion means. And means.
The invention according to claim 6 is an appearance inspection apparatus for a cylindrical workpiece that performs an appearance inspection of a cylindrical workpiece that is a cylindrical inspection target, and a conveying unit that conveys the cylindrical workpiece while rotating the cylindrical workpiece; An image sensor and an optical lens are provided so that the cylindrical workpiece enters the field of view, and a first photoelectric conversion unit that photoelectrically converts and outputs imaging light photographed by the image sensor, and illumination that illuminates the cylindrical workpiece Means, second photoelectric conversion means for measuring the moving speed and rotational speed of the cylindrical workpiece, and workpiece position measuring means for measuring the position of the cylindrical workpiece based on the output of the second photoelectric conversion means. Drive control means for controlling the position of the image sensor based on the measurement result obtained by the work position measurement means; and an image of the cylindrical work obtained by the first photoelectric conversion means. Characterized in that it comprises a determination means for determining acceptability of the cylindrical workpiece based on the information.

また請求項7に記載の発明は、前記搬送手段は下り勾配であることを特徴とする。
また請求項8に記載の発明は、前記搬送手段にワークストッパを設け、前記ワークストッパを解除した信号を、前記光電変換手段又は前記第一の光電変換手段、及び前記駆動制御手段の動作開始信号とすることを特徴とする。
また請求項9に記載の発明は、前記搬送手段を下り勾配としたうえで、前記円筒状ワークに働く重力の搬送方向成分と、転がり摩擦力の大きさが等しくなるように、前記搬送手段の傾斜角ところがり摩擦係数を設定したことを特徴とする。
また請求項10に記載の発明は、円筒状の検査対象である円筒状ワークの外観検査を行う円筒状ワークの外観検査装置であって、搬送経路が円弧状である搬送手段と、前記円弧の中心で前記円筒状ワークからの反射光を反射させるミラーと、前記円筒状ワークの移動に応じて前記ミラーの角度を調整するミラー角度調整手段と、前記円筒状ワークの表面画像を取得するための光電変換素子と、前記光電変換手段によって得られた前記円筒状ワークの画像情報に基づいて前記円筒状ワークの良否を判定する判定手段と、を備えることを特徴とする。
また請求項11に記載の発明は、前記搬送手段の傾斜角度を0度とし、前記円筒状ワークを前記搬送手段に押し出すプッシャーを備えていることを特徴とする。
また請求項12に記載の発明は、前記円筒状ワークは、記搬送手段との接触部に溝が形成されていることを特徴とする。
また請求項13に記載の発明は、前記搬送手段に沿って前記円筒状ワークが軸方向にずれないように前記円筒状ワークの両端部を支持するガイドを設けるようにしたことを特徴とする。
また請求項14に記載の発明は、前記円筒状ワークは、前記搬送手段と接触する個所の径が、検査対象面の径に比べて小さいことを特徴とする。
The invention according to claim 7 is characterized in that the conveying means has a downward slope.
The invention according to claim 8 provides an operation start signal for the photoelectric conversion means or the first photoelectric conversion means, and the drive control means by providing a work stopper on the transport means and releasing the work stopper. It is characterized by.
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, the conveying means is configured so that the conveying direction component of gravity acting on the cylindrical workpiece is equal to the magnitude of the rolling friction force after the conveying means has a downward slope. An inclination angle friction coefficient is set.
The invention described in claim 10 is an appearance inspection apparatus for a cylindrical workpiece for inspecting the appearance of a cylindrical workpiece that is a cylindrical inspection object, a conveyance means having a circular conveyance path, A mirror for reflecting light reflected from the cylindrical workpiece at the center, mirror angle adjusting means for adjusting the angle of the mirror according to the movement of the cylindrical workpiece, and a surface image of the cylindrical workpiece; It comprises: a photoelectric conversion element; and determination means for determining the quality of the cylindrical workpiece based on image information of the cylindrical workpiece obtained by the photoelectric conversion means.
Further, the invention described in claim 11 is characterized in that a pusher for pushing the cylindrical workpiece to the conveying means is provided with an inclination angle of the conveying means being 0 degree.
The invention according to claim 12 is characterized in that the cylindrical workpiece has a groove formed in a contact portion with the conveying means.
The invention described in claim 13 is characterized in that guides for supporting both ends of the cylindrical workpiece are provided along the conveying means so that the cylindrical workpiece is not displaced in the axial direction.
The invention according to claim 14 is characterized in that the cylindrical workpiece has a smaller diameter at a portion in contact with the conveying means than a diameter of a surface to be inspected.

請求項1に記載の本発明によれば、回転搬送中の円筒状ワークの表面画像を、その円筒状ワークと共に移動する光電変換手段で撮像して外観検査を行うようにしているので、従来の外観検査装置に比べて搬送手段の構造を簡略化することができ、装置の低コスト化を図ることができる。
また円筒状ワークの全周を取り込むのに必要な画像枚数も最小限で済むため、画像処理に掛かる時間を短縮することができ、生産性を高めることができる。
さらに円筒状ワークを検査位置に供給したり、検査後に円筒状ワークを検査位置から取り除いたりするハンドリング動作を自動的に行うことができるので、この点からも外観検査の高速化を図ることができ、生産性の向上を図ることができる。
請求項2に記載の本発明によれば、請求項1の外観検査装置に二次元撮像素子を設け、二次元撮像素子により、搬送中の円筒状ワークの位置を測定するようにしているので、回転速度や移動速度が変化しても、円周方向に等間隔な画像を全周において取得することができるようになる。
請求項3に記載の本発明によれば、回転搬送中の円筒状ワークの表面画像を、円筒状ワークと共に移動する光電変換手段で撮像して外観検査を行うようにしているので、円筒状ワークを検査位置に供給したり、検査後の円筒状ワークを検査位置から取り除いたり必要がなく、外観検査の高速化が可能になり、生産性の向上を図ることができる。
また光学レンズだけを移動させるようにしているので、一次元撮像素子と光学レンズからなる光電変換手段全体を移動させるよりも、移動距離を短くすることができ、また移動させる物の質量も小さくできるため、追従性能の高精度化、装置の簡素化を図ることができる。
請求項4に記載の本発明によれば、請求項3の装置に二次元撮像素子を用いて搬送中の円筒状ワークの位置を計測することにより、回転速度や移動速度が変化しても、円周方向に等間隔な画像を全周において取得することができる。
According to the first aspect of the present invention, since the surface image of the cylindrical workpiece being rotated and conveyed is picked up by the photoelectric conversion means moving with the cylindrical workpiece, the appearance inspection is performed. Compared with the appearance inspection apparatus, the structure of the conveying means can be simplified, and the cost of the apparatus can be reduced.
In addition, since the number of images required to capture the entire circumference of the cylindrical workpiece can be minimized, the time required for image processing can be shortened and productivity can be increased.
Furthermore, since the handling operation of supplying the cylindrical workpiece to the inspection position and removing the cylindrical workpiece from the inspection position after the inspection can be automatically performed, it is possible to speed up the appearance inspection from this point. , Productivity can be improved.
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the external appearance inspection apparatus according to the first aspect is provided with a two-dimensional image sensor, and the two-dimensional image sensor measures the position of the cylindrical workpiece being conveyed. Even if the rotational speed and the moving speed change, it is possible to acquire images at equal intervals in the circumferential direction over the entire circumference.
According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the surface image of the cylindrical workpiece being rotated and conveyed is picked up by the photoelectric conversion means that moves together with the cylindrical workpiece, the appearance inspection is performed. Is not required to be supplied to the inspection position, or the cylindrical workpiece after the inspection is not removed from the inspection position, so that the appearance inspection can be speeded up and the productivity can be improved.
In addition, since only the optical lens is moved, the moving distance can be shortened and the mass of the object to be moved can be reduced as compared with moving the entire photoelectric conversion means including the one-dimensional imaging device and the optical lens. Therefore, it is possible to improve the follow-up performance and simplify the apparatus.
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, even if the rotational speed or the moving speed is changed by measuring the position of the cylindrical workpiece being transferred using the two-dimensional imaging device in the apparatus of the third aspect, Images that are equally spaced in the circumferential direction can be acquired over the entire circumference.

請求項5に記載の本発明によれば、回転搬送中の円筒状ワークの表面画像を、円筒状ワークと共に移動する光電変換手段で撮像して外観検査を行うようにしているので、円筒状ワークを検査位置に供給したり、検査後の円筒状ワークを検査位置から取り除いたりする必要がなく、外観検査の高速化が可能になり、生産性の向上を図ることができる。
またこの場合は一次元撮像素子だけを移動させるようにしているので、一次元撮像素子と光学レンズからなる光電変換手段全体を移動させるよりも、移動距離が短くすることができ、また移動させる物の質量も小さくできるため、追従性能の高精度化、装置の簡素化を図ることができる。
請求項6に記載の本発明によれば、請求項5の装置に二次元撮像素子を用いて搬送中の円筒状ワークの位置を計測することにより、回転速度や移動速度が変化しても、円周方向に等間隔な画像を全周において取得することができる。
請求項7に記載の本発明によれば、搬送手段を下り勾配にすることにより、簡単に円筒状ワークを回転搬送することができる。
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, since the surface image of the cylindrical workpiece being rotated and conveyed is picked up by the photoelectric conversion means moving with the cylindrical workpiece, the appearance inspection is performed. It is not necessary to supply the inspection position to the inspection position or to remove the cylindrical work after the inspection from the inspection position, so that the appearance inspection can be speeded up and the productivity can be improved.
In this case, since only the one-dimensional image sensor is moved, the moving distance can be shortened compared to the case where the entire photoelectric conversion means including the one-dimensional image sensor and the optical lens is moved. Therefore, the tracking performance can be improved and the apparatus can be simplified.
According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, even if the rotational speed or the moving speed is changed by measuring the position of the cylindrical workpiece being conveyed using the two-dimensional imaging device in the apparatus of the fifth aspect, Images that are equally spaced in the circumferential direction can be acquired over the entire circumference.
According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the cylindrical workpiece can be easily rotated and conveyed by setting the conveying means to a downward slope.

請求項8に記載の本発明によれば、搬送手段にワークストッパを設けることにより、円筒状ワークが静止している状態から、光電変換素子の移動及び撮像を開始させることができるため、撮像位置のずれが生じにくいという利点がある。
請求項9に記載の本発明によれば、円筒状ワークに働く重力の搬送方向成分と、転がり摩擦力の大きさが等しくなるように、搬送手段の傾斜角ところがり摩擦係数を設定するようにしているため、円筒状ワークを等速回転、等速移動させることができる。よって、光電変換手段の移動速度は等速でよくなるため、制御が容易になり、得られる画像の副走査方向撮像間隔をより一定値に安定させることができる。
請求項10に記載の本発明によれば、円弧状の搬送手段と円弧の中心で円筒状ワークからの反射光を反射させるミラーにより、円筒状ワークの表面画像を撮像することにより、光学倍率mが一定となる。また、ミラーを回転運動させるだけなので、光電変換手段全体を直線移動させるよりも、追従性能の高精度化、装置構成の簡素化を実現することができる。
請求項11に記載の本発明によれば、プッシャーによって水平搬送路中を回転しながら搬送される円筒状ワークの表面画像を、円筒状ワークと共に移動する光電変換手段で撮像して外観検査を行うようにしているので、円筒状ワークを検査位置に供給したり、検査後の円筒状ワークを検査位置から取り除いたり必要がなく、外観検査の高速化が可能になり、生産性の向上を図ることができる。
請求項12に記載の本発明によれば、搬送路が接触する円筒状ワーク部分に溝を形成することにより、円筒状ワークの軸線が斜めになることがなくなる。
請求項13に記載の本発明によれば、円筒状ワーク両端の位置を、軸方向に制限するようなガイドを設けることにより、円筒状ワークの軸線が斜めになることがない。
請求項14に記載の本発明によれば、円筒状ワーク上、搬送手段によって支持される部分の直径を、検査対象領域の直径よりも小さくすることにより、円筒状ワークが1周するのに必要な搬送手段の長さを短くすることができる。
According to the present invention described in claim 8, since the movement of the photoelectric conversion element and the imaging can be started from the state in which the cylindrical workpiece is stationary by providing the work stopper on the conveying means, the imaging position There is an advantage that the deviation is less likely to occur.
According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, the inclination angle rolling friction coefficient of the conveying means is set so that the conveying direction component of gravity acting on the cylindrical workpiece is equal to the rolling friction force. Therefore, the cylindrical workpiece can be rotated at a constant speed and moved at a constant speed. Therefore, since the moving speed of the photoelectric conversion means may be constant, the control becomes easy, and the imaging interval in the sub-scanning direction of the obtained image can be stabilized at a constant value.
According to the tenth aspect of the present invention, the optical magnification m is obtained by capturing the surface image of the cylindrical workpiece with the arc-shaped conveying means and the mirror that reflects the reflected light from the cylindrical workpiece at the center of the arc. Is constant. In addition, since the mirror is merely rotated, it is possible to achieve higher accuracy in tracking performance and simplification of the apparatus configuration than when the entire photoelectric conversion means is moved linearly.
According to the present invention described in claim 11, the appearance inspection is performed by imaging the surface image of the cylindrical workpiece conveyed while rotating in the horizontal conveyance path by the pusher by the photoelectric conversion means moving together with the cylindrical workpiece. As a result, it is not necessary to supply the cylindrical workpiece to the inspection position or remove the cylindrical workpiece after the inspection from the inspection position, and it is possible to speed up the appearance inspection and improve productivity. Can do.
According to the twelfth aspect of the present invention, by forming the groove in the cylindrical workpiece portion that contacts the conveyance path, the axis of the cylindrical workpiece is not inclined.
According to the thirteenth aspect of the present invention, by providing guides that limit the positions of both ends of the cylindrical workpiece in the axial direction, the axis of the cylindrical workpiece does not become oblique.
According to the fourteenth aspect of the present invention, the cylindrical workpiece is required to make one round by making the diameter of the portion supported by the conveying means on the cylindrical workpiece smaller than the diameter of the region to be inspected. It is possible to shorten the length of the simple conveying means.

以下、図面を参照しながら本発明の実施形態としての円筒状ワークの外観検査装置について説明する。
図1は本発明の第1の実施形態に係る円筒状ワークの外観検査装置の構成を示した図である。
この図1に示す外観検査装置1において、搬送手段2は下り勾配になっており、例えば、円筒状ワーク10をその両端にある軸部分により支持した状態で、回転させながら下方向へ移動していくように搬送する。このため、搬送手段2の表面は円筒状ワーク10が滑ることなく転がるように、その傾斜や摩擦が調整されている。また、搬送手段2にはワークストッパ3が設けられており、このワークストッパ3によって検査前の円筒状ワーク10が静止されている。
一次元撮像素子4と光学レンズ5からなる光電変換部(光電変換手段)6は、円筒状ワーク10を視野として円筒状ワーク10の表面を撮影する。一次元撮像素子4の画素は円筒状ワーク10の軸方向と平行に並んでおり、1ラインの走査周期は通常固定されている。
また、このような光電変換部6は、搬送手段2と平行に移動できるようにリニアステージ等の駆動機構7に連結されている。照明手段8は円筒状ワーク10を照明する照明装置である。外観検査用画像処理装置(判定手段)9は、光電変換部6の一次元撮像素子4によって得られた円筒状ワーク10の画像情報に基づいて円筒状ワーク10の良否の判定を行う。
円筒状ワーク10は、例えば複写機やプリンターに用いられる感光体ドラム、現像ローラ、定着ローラ等の検査対象面である外観面が円筒状のものをいう。
上記のように構成される外観検査装置1においては、搬送手段2上の円筒状ワーク10を滑ることなく回転させながら移動させると共に、この円筒状ワーク10の移動に合わせて、光電変換部6を駆動機構7により移動させることで、円筒状ワーク10の1周分の画像を取得するようにしている。
Hereinafter, an appearance inspection apparatus for a cylindrical workpiece as an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a cylindrical workpiece visual inspection apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
In the appearance inspection apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1, the conveying means 2 has a downward slope. For example, while the cylindrical workpiece 10 is supported by the shaft portions at both ends thereof, the conveying means 2 moves downward while rotating. Carry as you go. For this reason, the inclination and friction of the surface of the conveying means 2 are adjusted so that the cylindrical workpiece 10 rolls without slipping. Further, the transport means 2 is provided with a work stopper 3, and the cylindrical work 10 before the inspection is stopped by the work stopper 3.
A photoelectric conversion unit (photoelectric conversion means) 6 including the one-dimensional imaging device 4 and the optical lens 5 images the surface of the cylindrical workpiece 10 with the cylindrical workpiece 10 as a field of view. The pixels of the one-dimensional image sensor 4 are arranged in parallel with the axial direction of the cylindrical workpiece 10, and the scanning cycle of one line is usually fixed.
Further, such a photoelectric conversion unit 6 is connected to a drive mechanism 7 such as a linear stage so that it can move in parallel with the transport means 2. The illumination means 8 is an illumination device that illuminates the cylindrical workpiece 10. The appearance inspection image processing apparatus (determination unit) 9 determines whether the cylindrical workpiece 10 is acceptable based on the image information of the cylindrical workpiece 10 obtained by the one-dimensional imaging device 4 of the photoelectric conversion unit 6.
The cylindrical workpiece 10 has a cylindrical outer appearance as a surface to be inspected such as a photosensitive drum, a developing roller, and a fixing roller used in a copying machine or a printer.
In the appearance inspection apparatus 1 configured as described above, the cylindrical workpiece 10 on the conveying means 2 is moved while rotating without sliding, and the photoelectric conversion unit 6 is moved in accordance with the movement of the cylindrical workpiece 10. An image for one round of the cylindrical workpiece 10 is acquired by being moved by the drive mechanism 7.

ところで、このような外観検査装置1では、円筒状ワーク10を静止させているワークストッパ3が外されると、搬送手段2上の円筒状ワーク10の回転速度及び重心の移動速度は重力により加速していくことになる。
そこで、外観検査装置1では、円筒状ワーク10の周方向における撮像間隔が一定になるように、駆動機構7と共に駆動制御手段を構成している、この図には示していない速度制御コントローラにより、円筒状ワーク10の速度に合わせて、光電変換部6を駆動機構7により加速移動させ、円筒状ワーク10の1周分の画像を取得するようにしている。そして、1周分の画像を取得し終わると、光電変換部6は駆動機構7により初期位置へ戻される。全面の撮像が終了した円筒状ワーク10は所定の待機位置で静止させるようにする。ここで、仮に周方向撮像間隔が、円筒状ワーク10の軸方向の撮像間隔と同じであれば、アスペクト比1:1の等間隔で撮像した円筒状ワーク10全面の画像が得られる。このようにして、光電変換部6により得られた円筒状ワーク10全面の画像は外観検査用画像処理装置9に送られ、外観検査用画像処理装置9において欠陥部分が画像処理によって自動的に検出し、円筒状ワーク10の良否の判定を行うようにする。そして、良品と判定した円筒状ワーク10aは後工程へと搬送し、また不良品と判定した場合は廃棄用の搬送路へ搬送するようにしている。
従って、このような外観検査装置1によれば、搬送手段2により回転させながら搬送中の円筒状ワーク10の表面画像を、円筒状ワーク10と共に移動する光電変換部6で撮像して外観検査を行うようにしている。このようにすれば、搬送手段2は簡単な構造でよいため、従来の外観検査装置より低コストで実現することができる。
By the way, in such an appearance inspection apparatus 1, when the workpiece stopper 3 that stops the cylindrical workpiece 10 is removed, the rotational speed of the cylindrical workpiece 10 on the conveying means 2 and the moving speed of the center of gravity are accelerated by gravity. Will do.
Therefore, in the appearance inspection apparatus 1, a drive control unit is configured together with the drive mechanism 7 so that the imaging interval in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical workpiece 10 is constant, by a speed control controller not shown in this figure, The photoelectric conversion unit 6 is accelerated and moved by the drive mechanism 7 in accordance with the speed of the cylindrical workpiece 10, and an image for one round of the cylindrical workpiece 10 is acquired. When the image for one round is obtained, the photoelectric conversion unit 6 is returned to the initial position by the drive mechanism 7. The cylindrical workpiece 10 on which the entire surface has been imaged is stopped at a predetermined standby position. Here, if the circumferential imaging interval is the same as the axial imaging interval of the cylindrical workpiece 10, an image of the entire surface of the cylindrical workpiece 10 captured at equal intervals with an aspect ratio of 1: 1 is obtained. In this manner, the image of the entire surface of the cylindrical workpiece 10 obtained by the photoelectric conversion unit 6 is sent to the appearance inspection image processing apparatus 9, and the defect portion is automatically detected by image processing in the appearance inspection image processing apparatus 9. Then, the quality of the cylindrical workpiece 10 is determined. The cylindrical workpiece 10a determined as a non-defective product is transported to a subsequent process, and when it is determined as a defective product, it is transported to a transport path for disposal.
Therefore, according to such an appearance inspection apparatus 1, a surface image of the cylindrical workpiece 10 being conveyed while being rotated by the conveying means 2 is imaged by the photoelectric conversion unit 6 that moves together with the cylindrical workpiece 10 to perform an appearance inspection. Like to do. In this way, since the conveying means 2 may have a simple structure, it can be realized at a lower cost than the conventional appearance inspection apparatus.

また円筒状ワーク10の全周を取り込むのに必要な画像枚数も最小限で済むため、画像処理に掛かる時間を短縮することが可能になり、外観検査のる高速化を図ることができる。
さらに円筒状ワーク10を検査位置に供給したり、検査後に円筒状ワーク10を検査位置から取り除いたりするハンドリング動作を自動的に行うことができるので、この点からも外観検査の高速化を図ることができ、生産性の向上を図ることができる。
さらにまた、搬送手段2を下り勾配にしたことにより、円筒状ワーク10を簡単に回転搬送させることができる。
さらにまた、搬送手段2にワークストッパ3を設けたことで円筒状ワーク10が静止している状態から、光電変換部6の移動及び撮像を開始させることができるため、撮像位置のずれが生じにくいという利点もある。
ところで、上記図1に示した外観検査装置1においては、円筒状ワーク10の微妙な差や搬送路上の摩擦状態の変化等によって、搬送路上を移動する円筒状ワーク10の回転速度や移動速度が変化すると、周方向の撮像間隔も変化し、最悪の場合、円筒状ワークにおいて撮像していない領域が生じてしまうといったことが考えられる。
そこで、本発明の第2の実施形態として、例えば円筒状ワーク10の回転速度や移動速度が変化しても、円周方向に等間隔な画像を全周において取得できる外観装置について説明する。
In addition, since the number of images required to capture the entire circumference of the cylindrical workpiece 10 can be minimized, the time required for image processing can be shortened, and the speed of appearance inspection can be increased.
Furthermore, since the handling operation of supplying the cylindrical workpiece 10 to the inspection position or removing the cylindrical workpiece 10 from the inspection position after the inspection can be automatically performed, the speed of the appearance inspection is also increased from this point. And productivity can be improved.
Furthermore, the cylindrical work 10 can be easily rotated and conveyed by setting the conveying means 2 to a downward slope.
Furthermore, since the workpiece stopper 3 is provided on the conveying means 2, the movement of the photoelectric conversion unit 6 and imaging can be started from the state where the cylindrical workpiece 10 is stationary, so that the imaging position is hardly displaced. There is also an advantage.
By the way, in the appearance inspection apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1, the rotational speed and the moving speed of the cylindrical workpiece 10 moving on the conveyance path are changed due to a subtle difference of the cylindrical workpiece 10 and a change in the friction state on the conveyance path. If it changes, the imaging interval in the circumferential direction also changes, and in the worst case, it is conceivable that a non-imaging area is generated in the cylindrical workpiece.
Therefore, as a second embodiment of the present invention, an external appearance apparatus that can acquire images at equal intervals in the circumferential direction even when the rotational speed or moving speed of the cylindrical workpiece 10 changes, for example, will be described.

図2は第2の実施形態に係る円筒状ワークの外観検査装置の構成を示した図である。なお、図1と同一部位には同一符号を付して詳細な説明は省略する。
この図2に示す外観検査装置21は、上記図1に示した外観検査装置に移動中の円筒状ワーク10を撮像するために二次元撮像素子22を追加したものである。このような二次元撮像素子22は、円筒状ワーク10が搬送手段2上を1回転する間中、円筒状ワーク10の側面の画像を捉えられるように視野や倍率を調整して、その位置を固定するようにしている。そして、円筒状ワーク10が搬送手段2上を搬送される間に、例えば図3に示すように円筒状ワーク10の軸11の側面に形成されているDカット12等を二次元撮像素子22で撮影し、撮影した画像を後述するワーク位置測定用画像処理装置に伝送するようにしている。
図4〜図6は円筒状ワークの搬送時において二次元撮像素子による撮影画像例を示した図である。
これら図4〜図6に示す撮影画像からパターンマッチング等の画像処理で円筒状ワーク10の軸11部分を切り出し、その重心部分を測定すれば円筒状ワーク10の重心位置がわかる。また、切り出した円筒状ワーク10の軸11部分から、さらにDカット12の直線部分12aを検出し、その角度を測定すれば、円筒状ワーク10の回転位置がわかる。従って、このような測定を一定時間間隔で繰り返し行って、円筒状ワーク10の回転速度や移動速度を算出し、その結果に基づいて光電変換部6の駆動機構7を制御すれば、例えば円筒状ワーク10の回転速度や移動速度が変化しても、円周方向に等間隔な画像を全周において取得することができる。
図7は、上記図3に示した外観検査装置の制御システムの構成を示した図である。
この図7に示すように、外観検査装置21では、二次元撮像素子(第2の光電変換手段)22からの撮影画像によりワーク位置測定用画像処理装置(ワーク位置測定手段)23において円筒状ワーク10の回転速度や移動速度を算出し、その算出結果に基づいて、駆動機構7と共に駆動制御手段を構成する速度制御用コントーラ24に速度指令を与えるようにしている。速度制御用コントーラ24は、一次元撮像素子4と光学レンズ5からなる光電変換部6に取り付けられた駆動機構7の速度制御を行うようにする。これにより、例えば円筒状ワーク10の回転速度や移動速度が変化しても、円周方向に等間隔な画像を全周において取得することができる。
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of a cylindrical workpiece visual inspection apparatus according to the second embodiment. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same site | part as FIG. 1, and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.
The appearance inspection apparatus 21 shown in FIG. 2 is obtained by adding a two-dimensional image sensor 22 to image the moving cylindrical workpiece 10 in the appearance inspection apparatus shown in FIG. Such a two-dimensional imaging device 22 adjusts the field of view and magnification so that the image of the side surface of the cylindrical workpiece 10 can be captured while the cylindrical workpiece 10 rotates once on the conveying means 2, and the position thereof is determined. I try to fix it. Then, while the cylindrical workpiece 10 is conveyed on the conveying means 2, for example, a D-cut 12 formed on the side surface of the shaft 11 of the cylindrical workpiece 10 as shown in FIG. A photograph is taken and the photographed image is transmitted to a work position measurement image processing apparatus to be described later.
4 to 6 are diagrams showing examples of images taken by the two-dimensional image sensor during conveyance of the cylindrical workpiece.
If the shaft 11 portion of the cylindrical workpiece 10 is cut out from the captured images shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 by image processing such as pattern matching and the center of gravity portion is measured, the position of the center of gravity of the cylindrical workpiece 10 can be known. Moreover, if the linear part 12a of D cut 12 is further detected from the shaft 11 part of the cut-out cylindrical work 10, and the angle is measured, the rotational position of the cylindrical work 10 can be known. Therefore, if such measurement is repeated at regular time intervals to calculate the rotation speed and movement speed of the cylindrical workpiece 10, and the drive mechanism 7 of the photoelectric conversion unit 6 is controlled based on the result, for example, cylindrical Even if the rotation speed or movement speed of the workpiece 10 changes, images that are equally spaced in the circumferential direction can be acquired over the entire circumference.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the configuration of the control system of the appearance inspection apparatus shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 7, in the appearance inspection apparatus 21, a cylindrical workpiece is measured in a workpiece position measurement image processing apparatus (work position measurement means) 23 based on a photographed image from a two-dimensional image sensor (second photoelectric conversion means) 22. 10 rotation speeds and movement speeds are calculated, and based on the calculation results, a speed command is given to the speed control controller 24 that constitutes the drive control means together with the drive mechanism 7. The speed control controller 24 performs speed control of the drive mechanism 7 attached to the photoelectric conversion unit 6 including the one-dimensional imaging device 4 and the optical lens 5. Thereby, for example, even if the rotational speed and the moving speed of the cylindrical workpiece 10 change, images that are equally spaced in the circumferential direction can be acquired over the entire circumference.

次に、本発明の第3の実施形態に係る外観検査装置について説明する。
図8は、第3の実施形態に係る外観検査装置の構成を示した図である。なお、図1と同一部位には同一符号を付して詳細な説明は省略する。
この図8に示す外観検査装置31は、光電変換部(光電変換手段)32に設けられている一次元撮像素子4の位置は固定で、光電変換部32内の光学レンズ33に圧電素子等の駆動機構33を取り付けて、光学レンズ33の位置を移動可能に構成している。
このような外観検査装置31では、円筒状ワーク10の回転及び移動が開始されると光学33レンズの位置が制御されて撮像が開始される。
図9(a)は撮像開始初期状態の光学系を示した図、図9(b)は円筒状ワークが撮影開始初期状態から移動したときの光学系を示した図である。
図9(a)に示すように一次元撮像素子4と光学レンズ33を備えた光電変換部32は、円筒状ワーク10上の領域nを視野としている。ここで、円筒状ワーク10の領域nと光学レンズ33の主点位置の距離をa、光学レンズ33の主点位置と一次元撮像素子4までの距離をb、その距離の和をlとする。また、それぞれの初期値をa0、b0、l0とする。
ここで、例えば図10(a)に示すように、光学レンズ33の焦点距離f=20mm、初期値a0=100mm、初期値b0=25mm、初期値l0=a0+b0=125mmとする。
そして、図9(b)に示すように円筒状ワーク10が移動して、距離lが長くなっていった時、円筒状ワーク上の領域nが一次元撮像素子上に結像する光学レンズ33の位置について説明する。
距離lが変化した場合、円筒状ワーク10上の領域nが一次元撮像素子4上に結像する距離a及びbと光学倍率m(=b/a)を図10(b)に示す。
この場合、光学レンズ33は光軸方向の移動に併せ、さらに光軸方向と垂直な方向にも移動させる必要がある。図9(b)に示すように、光学レンズ33の光軸と頂点に来た領域nとの間隔をax、光学レンズ33の光軸と一次元撮像素子4との間隔をbx、その和を間隔lxとすると、間隔lxは円筒状ワーク10の移動と共に長くなる。
そこで、本実施の形態では、bx/axが先に求めた光学倍率m(=b/a)と同じになるように光学レンズ33の位置を図9(b)の横方向に調整するようにしている。なお、初期位置からの調整距離はbxに等しい。
Next, an appearance inspection apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an appearance inspection apparatus according to the third embodiment. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same site | part as FIG. 1, and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.
In the appearance inspection apparatus 31 shown in FIG. 8, the position of the one-dimensional imaging device 4 provided in the photoelectric conversion unit (photoelectric conversion means) 32 is fixed, and the optical lens 33 in the photoelectric conversion unit 32 has a piezoelectric element or the like. A drive mechanism 33 is attached so that the position of the optical lens 33 can be moved.
In such an appearance inspection apparatus 31, when the rotation and movement of the cylindrical workpiece 10 are started, the position of the optical 33 lens is controlled and imaging is started.
FIG. 9A is a diagram showing the optical system in the initial state of imaging start, and FIG. 9B is a diagram showing the optical system when the cylindrical workpiece is moved from the initial state of imaging start.
As shown in FIG. 9A, the photoelectric conversion unit 32 including the one-dimensional imaging device 4 and the optical lens 33 has a field n on the cylindrical workpiece 10 as a field of view. Here, the distance between the region n of the cylindrical workpiece 10 and the principal point position of the optical lens 33 is a, the distance between the principal point position of the optical lens 33 and the one-dimensional imaging device 4 is b, and the sum of the distances is l. . The initial values are a 0 , b 0 , and l 0 , respectively.
Here, for example, as shown in FIG. 10A, the focal length f of the optical lens 33 is 20 mm, the initial value a 0 = 100 mm, the initial value b 0 = 25 mm, and the initial value l 0 = a 0 + b 0 = 125 mm. To do.
Then, as shown in FIG. 9B, when the cylindrical workpiece 10 moves and the distance l becomes longer, the optical lens 33 on which the region n on the cylindrical workpiece forms an image on the one-dimensional image sensor. The position of will be described.
FIG. 10B shows the distances a and b and the optical magnification m (= b / a) at which the region n on the cylindrical workpiece 10 forms an image on the one-dimensional imaging device 4 when the distance l changes.
In this case, it is necessary to move the optical lens 33 in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis direction in addition to the movement in the optical axis direction. As shown in FIG. 9B, the distance between the optical axis of the optical lens 33 and the region n at the apex is a x , and the distance between the optical axis of the optical lens 33 and the one-dimensional image sensor 4 is b x . When the sum is an interval l x , the interval l x becomes longer as the cylindrical workpiece 10 moves.
Therefore, in this embodiment, to adjust the position of the b x / a x is the optical magnification m of the previously obtained (= b / a) becomes the same as the way the optical lens 33 in the lateral direction shown in FIG. 9 (b) I am doing so. Note that the adjustment distance from the initial position is equal to b x .

図11は、第3の実施形態に係る外観検査装置の他の構成例を示した図である。なお、図8と同一部位には同一符号を付して詳細な説明は省略する。
この図11に示す外観検査装置35は、光学レンズ33の光軸が搬送手段2と直角に設定されている。この場合、光学レンズ33は光軸方向に移動させる必要はなく、それと直角な方向のみに移動させればよい。
ところで、図8及び図11に示す外観検査装置31,35による撮像方法の場合、図10(b)からもわかるように、円筒状ワーク10が下に行くに従い光学倍率mが小さくなってしまう。つまり、撮像視野が広がり、その結果、一次元撮像素子4の副走査方向の撮像分解能が低下してしまう。そこで、本実施の形態では想定される副走査方向の撮像視野の最大値で撮像した画像からでも、最も小さな欠陥検出を行うことができるように、副走査方向の撮像視野の最大値を設定するようにしている。したがって、このような第3の実施形態にかかる外観検査装置31,35によれば、縮小光学系で円筒状ワーク10を撮像して光学レンズ33だけを移動させるようにしているので、一次元撮像素子4と光学レンズ33からなる光電変換部32全体を移動させるよりも、移動距離が短くなり、また移動させる物の質量も小さくできるため、追従性能の高精度化、装置の簡素化が実現できる。
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating another configuration example of the appearance inspection apparatus according to the third embodiment. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same site | part as FIG. 8, and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.
In the appearance inspection apparatus 35 shown in FIG. 11, the optical axis of the optical lens 33 is set to be perpendicular to the conveying means 2. In this case, the optical lens 33 does not need to be moved in the optical axis direction, and only needs to be moved in a direction perpendicular thereto.
By the way, in the case of the imaging method using the appearance inspection apparatuses 31 and 35 shown in FIGS. 8 and 11, as can be seen from FIG. 10B, the optical magnification m decreases as the cylindrical workpiece 10 goes down. That is, the imaging field of view widens, and as a result, the imaging resolution in the sub-scanning direction of the one-dimensional imaging element 4 is reduced. Therefore, in this embodiment, the maximum value of the imaging field of view in the sub-scanning direction is set so that the smallest defect can be detected even from the image captured at the maximum value of the imaging field of view in the sub-scanning direction. I am doing so. Therefore, according to the appearance inspection apparatuses 31 and 35 according to the third embodiment, since the cylindrical workpiece 10 is imaged by the reduction optical system and only the optical lens 33 is moved, one-dimensional imaging is performed. Compared to moving the entire photoelectric conversion unit 32 including the element 4 and the optical lens 33, the moving distance can be shortened and the mass of the object to be moved can be reduced, so that the follow-up performance can be highly accurate and the apparatus can be simplified. .

次に、本発明の第4の実施形態に係る外観検査装置について説明する。
第4の実施形態に係る外観装置としては、図示しないが上記図8及び図10に示した外観検査装置に移動中の円筒状ワーク10を撮像するための二次元撮像素子22(図2参照)を設けるようにする。この場合も二次元撮像素子22は、先に図2において述べたように、円筒状ワーク10が搬送手段2上を1回転する間中、円筒状ワーク10の側面の画像を捉えられるように視野や倍率を調整して、その位置を固定するようにしている。
図12は、第4の実施の形態に係る外観検査装置の制御システムの構成を示した図である。
この図12に示す外観検査装置では、上記図2に示した外観検査装置と同様、二次元撮像素子22からの撮影画像によりワーク位置測定用画像処理装置23において円筒状ワーク10の回転速度や移動速度を算出し、その算出結果に基づいて、速度制御用コントーラ24に速度指令を与えるようにしている。速度制御用コントーラ24は、一次元撮像素子4用の光学レンズ33に取り付けられた駆動機構34を制御する。このような制御は二次元撮像素子22による撮像毎に繰り返し行う。このようにすれば、例えば円筒状ワーク10の微妙な差や搬送路上の摩擦状態の変化等によって、搬送路上を移動する円筒状ワーク10の回転速度や移動速度が変化し、これに伴って周方向の撮像間隔も変化した場合でも、円周方向に等間隔な画像を全周において取得することができる。従って、円筒状ワークにおいて撮像していない領域が生じてしまうといったことがない。
図13は、本発明の第5の実施形態に係る外観検査装置の構成を示した図である。なお、図1と同一部位には同一符号を付して詳細な説明は省略する。
この図13に示す外観検査装置41は、光電変換部(光電変換手段)42に設けられている光学レンズ33の位置は固定で、光電変換部42内の一次元撮像素子4に圧電素子等の駆動機構7を取り付けることで、一次元撮像素子4の位置が移動可能な状態になっている。このような外観検査装置41では、円筒状ワーク10の回転及び移動が開始されると一次元撮像素子4の位置が制御されて撮像が開始されることになる。
Next, an appearance inspection apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
As an appearance apparatus according to the fourth embodiment, although not shown, a two-dimensional imaging element 22 (see FIG. 2) for imaging the cylindrical workpiece 10 being moved to the appearance inspection apparatus shown in FIGS. To be provided. Also in this case, as described above with reference to FIG. 2, the two-dimensional imaging device 22 has a field of view so that an image of the side surface of the cylindrical workpiece 10 can be captured while the cylindrical workpiece 10 makes one rotation on the conveying means 2. And the magnification is adjusted and the position is fixed.
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a control system for an appearance inspection apparatus according to the fourth embodiment.
In the appearance inspection apparatus shown in FIG. 12, as in the appearance inspection apparatus shown in FIG. 2, the rotational speed and movement of the cylindrical workpiece 10 are detected by the image processing apparatus 23 for measuring the work position using the image taken from the two-dimensional image sensor 22. The speed is calculated, and a speed command is given to the speed control controller 24 based on the calculation result. The speed control controller 24 controls the drive mechanism 34 attached to the optical lens 33 for the one-dimensional imaging device 4. Such control is repeatedly performed for each imaging by the two-dimensional imaging element 22. In this way, for example, the rotational speed and movement speed of the cylindrical workpiece 10 moving on the conveyance path change due to, for example, a subtle difference in the cylindrical workpiece 10 and a change in the friction state on the conveyance path. Even when the imaging interval in the direction also changes, images that are equally spaced in the circumferential direction can be acquired over the entire circumference. Therefore, there is no case where an area not imaged is generated in the cylindrical workpiece.
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a configuration of an appearance inspection apparatus according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same site | part as FIG. 1, and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.
In the appearance inspection apparatus 41 shown in FIG. 13, the position of the optical lens 33 provided in the photoelectric conversion unit (photoelectric conversion unit) 42 is fixed, and the one-dimensional image pickup device 4 in the photoelectric conversion unit 42 has a piezoelectric element or the like. By attaching the drive mechanism 7, the position of the one-dimensional imaging device 4 is movable. In such an appearance inspection apparatus 41, when rotation and movement of the cylindrical workpiece 10 are started, the position of the one-dimensional image pickup device 4 is controlled and imaging is started.

図14は円筒状ワークの撮像時の光学系を示した図であり、この図14に示すように、一次元撮像素子4と光学レンズ33を備えた光電変換部42は、円筒状ワーク10上領域nを視野としている。ここで、先において説明した図9と同様に、円筒状ワーク10の領域nと光学レンズ33の主点位置の距離をa、光学レンズ33の主点位置と一次元撮像素子4までの距離をb、その距離の和をlとする。また、夫々の初期値をa0、b0、l0とする。そして、上記の場合と同様、例えば上記図10(a)に示すように、光学レンズ33の焦点距離f=20mm、初期値a0=100mm、初期値b0=25mm、初期値l0=a0+b0=125mmとする。そして、この場合において、図14に示すように円筒状ワーク10が移動して距離aが長くなっていった時の円筒状ワーク10上の領域nが一次元撮像素子4上に結像する一次元撮像素子4の位置について説明すると、距離aが変化した場合、円筒状ワーク10上の領域nが一次元撮像素子4上に結像する距離bと、光学倍率m(=b/a)は、上記図10(b)のように示すことができる。
従って、この場合、光学レンズ33は光軸方向の移動に併せ、さらに光軸方向と垂直な方向にも移動させる必要がある。図14に示すように、光学レンズ33の光軸と頂点に来た領域nとの間隔をax、光学レンズ33の光軸と一次元撮像素子4との間隔をbx、その和を間隔lxとすると、間隔axは円筒状ワーク10の移動と共に長くなる。
そこで、本実施の形態では、bx/axが先に求めた光学倍率m(=b/a)と同じになるように一次元撮像素子4の位置を図14の横方向に調整するようにしている。なお、初期位置からの調整距離はbxに等しい。
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an optical system at the time of imaging a cylindrical workpiece. As shown in FIG. 14, the photoelectric conversion unit 42 including the one-dimensional imaging device 4 and the optical lens 33 is arranged on the cylindrical workpiece 10. The region n is the field of view. Here, as in FIG. 9 described above, the distance between the region n of the cylindrical workpiece 10 and the principal point position of the optical lens 33 is a, and the distance between the principal point position of the optical lens 33 and the one-dimensional imaging element 4 is b, let the sum of the distances be l. In addition, the initial values are a 0 , b 0 , and l 0 , respectively. As in the case described above, for example, as shown in FIG. 10A, the focal length f of the optical lens 33 is 20 mm, the initial value a 0 = 100 mm, the initial value b 0 = 25 mm, and the initial value l 0 = a. It is assumed that 0 + b 0 = 125 mm. In this case, as shown in FIG. 14, the region n on the cylindrical workpiece 10 when the cylindrical workpiece 10 moves and the distance a becomes longer forms an image on the one-dimensional image sensor 4. The position of the original image sensor 4 will be described. When the distance a changes, the distance b where the region n on the cylindrical workpiece 10 forms an image on the one-dimensional image sensor 4 and the optical magnification m (= b / a) are: As shown in FIG. 10 (b).
Therefore, in this case, it is necessary to move the optical lens 33 in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis direction in addition to the movement in the optical axis direction. As shown in FIG. 14, the distance between the optical axis of the optical lens 33 and the region n at the apex is a x , the distance between the optical axis of the optical lens 33 and the one-dimensional image sensor 4 is b x , and the sum is the distance. Assuming l x , the interval a x becomes longer as the cylindrical workpiece 10 moves.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, to adjust the position of the b x / a x is the optical magnification m of the previously obtained (= b / a) becomes the same as the way the one-dimensional image sensor 4 in the lateral direction in FIG. 14 I have to. Note that the adjustment distance from the initial position is equal to b x .

図15は、第5の実施形態に係る外観検査装置の他の構成例を示した図である。なお、図14と同一部位には同一符号を付して詳細な説明は省略する。
この図15に示す外観検査装置43は、光学レンズ33の光軸が搬送手段2と直角に設定されている。この場合、一次元撮像素子4は光軸方向に移動させる必要はなく、それと直角な方向のみに移動させればよい。
そして、このような外観検査装置による撮像方法の場合も、先において述べたように、円筒状ワーク10が下に行くに従い光学倍率mが小さくなる(図10(b))参照)。つまり、撮像視野が広がり、その結果、一次元撮像素子4の副走査方向の撮像分解能が低下してしまう。そこで、本実施の形態では、想定される副走査方向の撮像視野の最大値で撮像した画像からでも、最も小さな欠陥検出を行うことができるように、副走査方向の撮像視野の最大値を設定するようにしている。
したがって、本発明の第5の実施形態に係る外観検査装置によれば、縮小光学系で円筒状ワーク10を撮像し、光学レンズ33だけを移動させる構成の場合、一次元撮像素子4と光学レンズ33からなる光電変換部42全体を移動させるよりも、移動距離が短くなり、また移動させる物の質量も小さくできるため、追従性能の高精度化、装置構成の簡素化が実現できる。
図16は、第5の実施形態に係る外観検査装置の制御システムの構成を示した図である。
この図16に示す外観検査装置では、上記図12に示した外観検査装置と同様、二次元撮像素子22からの撮影画像によりワーク位置測定用画像処理装置23において円筒状ワーク10の回転速度や移動速度が算出され、その算出結果に基づいて、速度制御用コントーラ24に速度指令が与えられる。速度制御用コントーラ24は、一次元撮像素子4用の光学レンズ33に取り付けられた駆動機構34を制御する。このような制御は二次元撮像素子22による撮像毎に繰り返し行うようにする。
このようにすれば、例えば円筒状ワーク10の微妙な差や搬送路上の摩擦状態の変化等によって、搬送路上を移動する円筒状ワーク10の回転速度や移動速度が変化し、これに伴って周方向の撮像間隔も変化した場合でも、円周方向に等間隔な画像を全周において取得することができる。従って、円筒状ワークにおいて撮像していない領域が生じてしまうといったことがない。
FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating another configuration example of the appearance inspection apparatus according to the fifth embodiment. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same site | part as FIG. 14, and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.
In the appearance inspection apparatus 43 shown in FIG. 15, the optical axis of the optical lens 33 is set at a right angle to the conveying means 2. In this case, the one-dimensional image sensor 4 does not need to be moved in the optical axis direction, and may be moved only in a direction perpendicular thereto.
And also in the case of the imaging method by such an external appearance inspection apparatus, as mentioned above, the optical magnification m becomes small as the cylindrical workpiece | work 10 goes down (refer FIG.10 (b)). That is, the imaging field of view widens, and as a result, the imaging resolution in the sub-scanning direction of the one-dimensional imaging element 4 is reduced. Therefore, in this embodiment, the maximum value of the imaging field of view in the sub-scanning direction is set so that the smallest defect can be detected even from the image captured with the maximum value of the imaging field of view in the sub-scanning direction. Like to do.
Therefore, according to the visual inspection apparatus according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, when the cylindrical workpiece 10 is imaged by the reduction optical system and only the optical lens 33 is moved, the one-dimensional imaging device 4 and the optical lens are used. Since the moving distance can be shortened and the mass of the object to be moved can be made smaller than when the entire photoelectric conversion unit 42 composed of 33 is moved, the follow-up performance can be highly accurate and the apparatus configuration can be simplified.
FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a control system of an appearance inspection apparatus according to the fifth embodiment.
In the appearance inspection apparatus shown in FIG. 16, as in the appearance inspection apparatus shown in FIG. 12, the rotational speed and movement of the cylindrical workpiece 10 in the work position measurement image processing device 23 by the photographed image from the two-dimensional image sensor 22. The speed is calculated, and a speed command is given to the speed control controller 24 based on the calculation result. The speed control controller 24 controls the drive mechanism 34 attached to the optical lens 33 for the one-dimensional imaging device 4. Such control is repeatedly performed every time the two-dimensional image sensor 22 captures an image.
In this way, for example, the rotational speed and movement speed of the cylindrical workpiece 10 moving on the conveyance path change due to, for example, a subtle difference in the cylindrical workpiece 10 and a change in the friction state on the conveyance path. Even when the imaging interval in the direction also changes, images that are equally spaced in the circumferential direction can be acquired over the entire circumference. Therefore, there is no case where an area not imaged is generated in the cylindrical workpiece.

次に、本発明の外観検査装置に適用される搬送手段について説明する。
例えば図17に示すように、搬送手段2の傾斜角度をα、円筒状ワーク10の半径をr、質量をM、ころがり摩擦係数をaとする。ころがり摩擦係数をaは円筒状ワーク10及び搬送手段2の材料に関する量であり、接触面の状態にも依存する。ころがり摩擦による力FはF=aN/rと表せる。Nは搬送手段2から円筒状ワーク10に働く抗力であり、Mgcosαに等しい。ここでgは重力加速度を示す。一方、円筒状ワーク10には重力により搬送方向にMgsinαなる力が働く。ここで、F=Mgsinαとなるように傾斜角度αと、ころがり摩擦係数を調整すれば、円筒状ワークは等速回転、等速移動するはずである。
そこで、図18に示すように、αよりも急な角度を搬送させることにより円筒状ワーク10を加速させ、ある速度のところで上記の関係を満たす傾斜角αの搬送手段50へ突入させると、円筒状ワーク10は搬送手段50に突入した初速度を保ったまま回転・移動を行うことになる。したがって、このような構成の搬送手段50を、これまで説明した本実施の形態の外観検査装置に適用して光電変換部により円筒状ワーク10の表面を撮像すれば、光電変換部の移動速度は等速で良いため、制御が容易になり、得られる画像の副走査方向撮像間隔がより一定値に安定するという利点がある。
図19は、搬送手段の他の構成例を示した図であり、この図19に示す搬送手段51は、その形状を円弧状にしている。そして、その円弧の中心位置にはミラー52が設置されており、ミラー角度調整機構53により角度調整が可能となっている。円弧状搬送手段51の中心と円筒状ワーク10の中心を結んだ線と、円筒状ワーク10の表面との交点を撮像位置Pとする。撮像位置Pからの光は、ミラー52の反射位置、つまり円弧状搬送手段51の中心位置で正反射して一次元撮像素子4に向かう。撮像位置Pと円弧状搬送手段51の中心までの距離Lは、円弧状搬送手段51の長さR、円筒状ワークの半径rとすると、L=R−2rとなり一定となる。
円筒状ワーク10の移動にあわせてミラー52の角度は調整される。円弧状搬送手段51の搬送長さは円筒状ワーク10が1回転するのに必要な長さが確保されている。このような円弧状搬送手段51を用いることにより、光路長が一定になり、光学倍率mも一定となる。また、ミラーを回転運動させるだけなので、図1に示したように光電変換部6全体を直線移動させるよりも、追従性能の高精度化、装置構成の簡素化が実現できる。
Next, the conveyance means applied to the appearance inspection apparatus of the present invention will be described.
For example, as shown in FIG. 17, the inclination angle of the conveying means 2 is α, the radius of the cylindrical workpiece 10 is r, the mass is M, and the rolling friction coefficient is a. The rolling friction coefficient a is an amount related to the material of the cylindrical workpiece 10 and the conveying means 2 and depends on the state of the contact surface. The force F due to rolling friction can be expressed as F = aN / r. N is a drag force acting on the cylindrical workpiece 10 from the conveying means 2 and is equal to Mgcos α. Here, g represents a gravitational acceleration. On the other hand, a force of Mgsin α acts on the cylindrical workpiece 10 in the conveying direction due to gravity. Here, if the inclination angle α and the rolling friction coefficient are adjusted so that F = Mgsin α, the cylindrical workpiece should rotate at a constant speed and move at a constant speed.
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 18, when the cylindrical workpiece 10 is accelerated by conveying an angle steeper than α, and enters the conveying means 50 having the inclination angle α satisfying the above relationship at a certain speed, the cylinder 10 The workpiece 10 is rotated and moved while maintaining the initial speed that has entered the conveying means 50. Therefore, if the transport means 50 having such a configuration is applied to the appearance inspection apparatus of the present embodiment described so far and the surface of the cylindrical workpiece 10 is imaged by the photoelectric conversion unit, the moving speed of the photoelectric conversion unit is as follows. Since constant velocity is sufficient, there is an advantage that the control becomes easy and the imaging interval of the obtained image is more stable at a constant value.
FIG. 19 is a diagram showing another example of the structure of the conveying means, and the conveying means 51 shown in FIG. 19 has an arc shape. A mirror 52 is installed at the center of the arc, and the angle can be adjusted by a mirror angle adjusting mechanism 53. The intersection of the line connecting the center of the arcuate conveying means 51 and the center of the cylindrical workpiece 10 and the surface of the cylindrical workpiece 10 is defined as an imaging position P. The light from the imaging position P is specularly reflected at the reflection position of the mirror 52, that is, the center position of the arcuate conveying means 51, and travels toward the one-dimensional imaging device 4. The distance L from the imaging position P to the center of the arcuate conveying means 51 is constant as L = R−2r, where L is the length of the arcuate conveying means 51 and the radius r of the cylindrical workpiece.
The angle of the mirror 52 is adjusted according to the movement of the cylindrical workpiece 10. The conveying length of the arcuate conveying means 51 is secured to a length necessary for one rotation of the cylindrical workpiece 10. By using such an arcuate conveying means 51, the optical path length becomes constant, and the optical magnification m becomes constant. Further, since only the mirror is rotated, it is possible to realize higher accuracy of the follow-up performance and simplification of the device configuration than when the entire photoelectric conversion unit 6 is linearly moved as shown in FIG.

図20は、搬送手段のさらに他の構成例を示した図である。
この図20に示す搬送手段60には傾斜がなく水平であり、円筒状ワーク10はプッシャー61によって押され回転、移動運動を開始する。このとき、円筒状ワーク10は搬送手段60上を滑ることなく回転運動を行うように、搬送手段60の摩擦係数やプッシャー61によって押す力を調整する。したがって、このような構成の搬送手段50を、これまで説明した本実施の形態の外観検査装置に適用して光電変換部により円筒状ワーク10の表面を一次元撮像素子4で撮像すれば、外観検査用画像処理装置9により欠陥部分を検出することができる。
ところで、例えば円筒状ワーク10の両端を支持して、これまで説明したような方法で搬送した場合、円筒状ワーク10の両端の移動速度に差が生じ、その結果、円筒状ワーク10の軸方向が斜めになり、一次元撮像素子4の主走査方向とずれていく可能性がある。
そこで、図21に示すように円筒状ワーク10の搬送手段70と接触する円筒状ワーク10の軸11部分に溝13を形成する溝加工を施しておくようにする。このような加工を施しておけば円筒状ワーク10の軸線が斜めになるようなことがなくなる。
また、例えば図22に示すように、円筒状ワーク10の両端の位置を、軸方向に制限するようなガイド71を設けて円筒状ワークの軸線が斜めになることを防ぐことも可能である。
さらに円筒状ワーク10の搬送手段70によって支持される部分の直径を、検査対象領域の直径よりも小さくすると、円筒状ワーク10が1周するのに必要な搬送手段70の長さを短くすることができる。
FIG. 20 is a diagram showing still another configuration example of the transport unit.
The conveying means 60 shown in FIG. 20 is not inclined and is horizontal, and the cylindrical workpiece 10 is pushed by a pusher 61 and starts rotating and moving. At this time, the friction coefficient of the conveyance means 60 and the force pushed by the pusher 61 are adjusted so that the cylindrical workpiece 10 performs a rotational movement without sliding on the conveyance means 60. Therefore, if the conveying means 50 having such a configuration is applied to the appearance inspection apparatus of the present embodiment described so far and the surface of the cylindrical workpiece 10 is imaged by the one-dimensional imaging device 4 by the photoelectric conversion unit, the appearance is obtained. The defect portion can be detected by the inspection image processing apparatus 9.
By the way, for example, when both ends of the cylindrical workpiece 10 are supported and conveyed by the method described so far, a difference occurs in the moving speed of both ends of the cylindrical workpiece 10, and as a result, the axial direction of the cylindrical workpiece 10 is increased. May become oblique and shift from the main scanning direction of the one-dimensional image sensor 4.
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 21, groove processing for forming the groove 13 is performed on the shaft 11 portion of the cylindrical workpiece 10 that comes into contact with the conveying means 70 of the cylindrical workpiece 10. By performing such processing, the axis of the cylindrical workpiece 10 is not inclined.
For example, as shown in FIG. 22, it is also possible to provide guides 71 that limit the positions of both ends of the cylindrical workpiece 10 in the axial direction to prevent the axis of the cylindrical workpiece from being inclined.
Further, when the diameter of the portion of the cylindrical workpiece 10 supported by the conveying means 70 is made smaller than the diameter of the region to be inspected, the length of the conveying means 70 necessary for making one round of the cylindrical workpiece 10 is shortened. Can do.

本発明の第1の実施形態に係る円筒状ワークの外観検査装置の構成を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the structure of the external appearance inspection apparatus of the cylindrical workpiece | work which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 第2の実施形態に係る円筒状ワークの外観検査装置の構成を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the structure of the external appearance inspection apparatus of the cylindrical workpiece | work which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. 円筒状ワークの構造を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the structure of the cylindrical workpiece. 二次元撮像素子による撮影画像例を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the example of the picked-up image by a two-dimensional image sensor. 二次元撮像素子による撮影画像例を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the example of the picked-up image by a two-dimensional image sensor. 二次元撮像素子による撮影画像例を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the example of the picked-up image by a two-dimensional image sensor. 図3に示した外観検査装置の制御システムの構成を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the structure of the control system of the external appearance inspection apparatus shown in FIG. 第3の実施形態に係る外観検査装置の構成を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the structure of the external appearance inspection apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. (a)(b)は図8に示した外観検査装置の光学系の状態を示した図である。(A) and (b) are the figures which showed the state of the optical system of the external appearance inspection apparatus shown in FIG. (a)は光学レンズの焦点距離と初期値を示した図、(b)は光学系の距離と光学倍率の関係を示した図である。(A) is the figure which showed the focal distance and initial value of the optical lens, (b) is the figure which showed the relationship between the distance of an optical system, and optical magnification. 第3の実施形態に係る外観検査装置の他の構成例を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the other structural example of the external appearance inspection apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. 第4の実施形態に係る外観検査装置の制御システムの構成を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the structure of the control system of the external appearance inspection apparatus which concerns on 4th Embodiment. 第5の実施形態に係る外観検査装置の構成を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the structure of the external appearance inspection apparatus which concerns on 5th Embodiment. 図13に示した外観検査装置の光学系の状態を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the state of the optical system of the external appearance inspection apparatus shown in FIG. 第5の実施形態に係る外観検査装置の他の構成例を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the other structural example of the external appearance inspection apparatus which concerns on 5th Embodiment. 第5の実施形態に係る外観検査装置の制御システムの構成を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the structure of the control system of the external appearance inspection apparatus which concerns on 5th Embodiment. 搬送手段の基本的な構成を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the basic composition of a conveyance means. 本実施の形態の外観検査装置に適用される搬送手段の構成を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the structure of the conveyance means applied to the external appearance inspection apparatus of this Embodiment. 搬送手段の他の構成例を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the other structural example of the conveying means. 搬送手段のさらに他の構成例を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the further another structural example of the conveying means. 搬送手段のさらに他の構成例を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the further another structural example of the conveying means. 搬送手段のさらに他の構成例を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the further another structural example of the conveying means.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 21 31 35 41 43 外観検査装置、2 50 51 60 70 搬送手段、3 円筒状ワークストッパ、4 一次元撮像素子、5 33 光学レンズ、6 32 42 光電変換部、7 34 駆動機構、8 照明手段、9 外観検査用画像処理装置、10 円筒状ワーク、11 軸、12 Dカット、12a Dカットの直線部分、22 二次元撮像素子、23 ワーク位置測定用画像処理装置、24 速度制御用コントーラ、61 プッシャー、71 ガイド   1 21 31 35 41 43 Appearance inspection apparatus, 2 50 51 60 70 Conveying means, 3 cylindrical work stopper, 4 one-dimensional imaging device, 5 33 optical lens, 6 32 42 photoelectric conversion unit, 7 34 drive mechanism, 8 illumination means , 9 Appearance inspection image processing device, 10 Cylindrical workpiece, 11 axis, 12 D cut, 12a D cut linear portion, 22 Two-dimensional image sensor, 23 Work position measurement image processing device, 24 Speed control controller, 61 Pusher, 71 guide

Claims (14)

円筒状の検査対象である円筒状ワークの外観検査を行う円筒状ワークの外観検査装置であって、前記円筒状ワークを回転させながら搬送する搬送手段と、前記円筒状ワークが視野に入るように撮像素子と光学レンズが設けられ、前記撮像素子により撮影した撮像光を光電変換して出力する光電変換手段と、前記円筒状ワークを照明する照明手段と、前記光電変換手段の位置を前記円筒状ワークの回転移動に合わせて制御する駆動制御手段と、前記光電変換手段によって得られる前記円筒状ワークの画像情報に基づいて前記円筒状ワークの良否を判定する判定手段と、を備えることを特徴とする円筒状ワークの外観検査装置。   An appearance inspection apparatus for a cylindrical workpiece for inspecting the appearance of a cylindrical workpiece which is a cylindrical inspection object, a conveying means for conveying the cylindrical workpiece while rotating the cylindrical workpiece, so that the cylindrical workpiece enters a visual field An image sensor and an optical lens are provided, photoelectric conversion means for photoelectrically converting and outputting imaging light photographed by the image sensor, illumination means for illuminating the cylindrical workpiece, and the position of the photoelectric conversion means in the cylindrical shape Drive control means for controlling in accordance with the rotational movement of the work, and determination means for judging the quality of the cylindrical work based on image information of the cylindrical work obtained by the photoelectric conversion means, Appearance inspection device for cylindrical workpieces. 円筒状の検査対象である円筒状ワークの外観検査を行う円筒状ワークの外観検査装置であって、前記円筒状ワークを回転させながら搬送する搬送手段と、前記円筒状ワークが視野に入るように撮像素子と光学レンズが設けられ、前記撮像素子により撮影した撮像光を光電変換して出力する第一の光電変換手段と、前記円筒状ワークを照明する照明手段と、前記円筒状ワークの移動速度及び回転速度を測定する第二の光電変換手段と、前記第二の光電変換手段の出力に基づいて前記円筒状ワークの位置を測定するワーク位置測定手段と、前記ワーク位置測定手段によって得られた測定結果に基づいて前記第一の光電変換手段の位置を制御する駆動制御手段と、前記第一の光電変換手段によって得られた前記円筒状ワークの画像情報に基づいて前記円筒状ワークの良否を判定する判定手段と、を備えることを特徴とする円筒状ワークの外観検査装置。   An appearance inspection apparatus for a cylindrical workpiece for inspecting the appearance of a cylindrical workpiece which is a cylindrical inspection object, a conveying means for conveying the cylindrical workpiece while rotating the cylindrical workpiece, so that the cylindrical workpiece enters a visual field An image sensor and an optical lens are provided, a first photoelectric conversion unit that photoelectrically converts and outputs imaging light captured by the image sensor, an illumination unit that illuminates the cylindrical workpiece, and a moving speed of the cylindrical workpiece And a second photoelectric conversion means for measuring the rotational speed, a workpiece position measuring means for measuring the position of the cylindrical workpiece based on the output of the second photoelectric conversion means, and the workpiece position measuring means. Drive control means for controlling the position of the first photoelectric conversion means based on the measurement result, and based on image information of the cylindrical workpiece obtained by the first photoelectric conversion means. Appearance inspection apparatus of a cylindrical workpiece, characterized in that it comprises determination means for determining acceptability of the cylindrical workpiece, the. 円筒状の検査対象である円筒状ワークの外観検査を行う円筒状ワークの外観検査装置であって、前記円筒状ワークを回転させながら搬送する搬送手段と、前記円筒状ワークが視野に入るように撮像素子と光学レンズが設けられ、前記撮像素子により撮影した撮像光を光電変換して出力する光電変換手段と、前記円筒状ワークを照明する照明手段と、前記光学レンズの位置を前記円筒状ワークの回転移動に合わせて制御する駆動制御手段と、前記光電変換手段によって得られる前記円筒状ワークの画像情報に基づいて前記円筒状ワークの良否を判定する判定手段と、を備えることを特徴とする円筒状ワークの外観検査装置。   An appearance inspection apparatus for a cylindrical workpiece for inspecting the appearance of a cylindrical workpiece which is a cylindrical inspection object, a conveying means for conveying the cylindrical workpiece while rotating the cylindrical workpiece, so that the cylindrical workpiece enters a visual field An image sensor and an optical lens are provided, photoelectric conversion means for photoelectrically converting and outputting imaging light photographed by the image sensor, illumination means for illuminating the cylindrical work, and the position of the optical lens for the cylindrical work Drive control means for controlling the rotation of the cylindrical workpiece, and determination means for determining the quality of the cylindrical workpiece based on image information of the cylindrical workpiece obtained by the photoelectric conversion means. Cylindrical workpiece appearance inspection device. 円筒状の検査対象である円筒状ワークの外観検査を行う円筒状ワークの外観検査装置であって、前記円筒状ワークを回転させながら搬送する搬送手段と、前記円筒状ワークが視野に入るように撮像素子と光学レンズが設けられ、前記撮像素子により撮影した撮像光を光電変換して出力する第一の光電変換手段と、前記円筒状ワークを照明する照明手段と、前記円筒状ワークの移動速度及び回転速度を測定する第二の光電変換手段と、前記第二の光電変換手段の出力に基づいて前記円筒状ワークの位置を測定するワーク位置測定手段と、前記ワーク位置測定手段によって得られた測定結果に基づいて前記光学レンズの位置を制御する駆動制御手段と、前記第一の光電変換手段によって得られた前記円筒状ワークの画像情報に基づいて前記円筒状ワークの良否を判定する判定手段と、を備えることを特徴とする円筒状ワークの外観検査装置。   An appearance inspection apparatus for a cylindrical workpiece for inspecting the appearance of a cylindrical workpiece which is a cylindrical inspection object, a conveying means for conveying the cylindrical workpiece while rotating the cylindrical workpiece, so that the cylindrical workpiece enters a visual field An image sensor and an optical lens are provided, a first photoelectric conversion unit that photoelectrically converts and outputs imaging light captured by the image sensor, an illumination unit that illuminates the cylindrical workpiece, and a moving speed of the cylindrical workpiece And a second photoelectric conversion means for measuring the rotational speed, a workpiece position measuring means for measuring the position of the cylindrical workpiece based on the output of the second photoelectric conversion means, and the workpiece position measuring means. Drive control means for controlling the position of the optical lens based on the measurement result, and the cylindrical shape based on the image information of the cylindrical work obtained by the first photoelectric conversion means. Appearance inspection apparatus of a cylindrical workpiece, characterized in that it comprises determination means for determining acceptability of over click, the. 円筒状の検査対象である円筒状ワークの外観検査を行う円筒状ワークの外観検査装置であって、前記円筒状ワークを回転させながら搬送する搬送手段と、前記円筒状ワークが視野に入るように撮像素子と光学レンズが設けられ、前記撮像素子により撮影した撮像光を光電変換して出力する光電変換手段と、前記円筒状ワークを照明する照明手段と、前記撮像素子の位置を前記円筒状ワークの回転移動に合わせて制御する駆動制御手段と、前記光電変換手段によって得られる前記円筒状ワークの画像情報に基づいて前記円筒状ワークの良否を判定する判定手段と、を備えることを特徴とする円筒状ワークの外観検査装置。   An appearance inspection apparatus for a cylindrical workpiece for inspecting the appearance of a cylindrical workpiece which is a cylindrical inspection object, a conveying means for conveying the cylindrical workpiece while rotating the cylindrical workpiece, so that the cylindrical workpiece enters a visual field An imaging device and an optical lens are provided, photoelectric conversion means for photoelectrically converting and outputting imaging light photographed by the imaging device, illumination means for illuminating the cylindrical workpiece, and the position of the imaging device for the cylindrical workpiece Drive control means for controlling the rotation of the cylindrical workpiece, and determination means for determining the quality of the cylindrical workpiece based on image information of the cylindrical workpiece obtained by the photoelectric conversion means. Cylindrical workpiece appearance inspection device. 円筒状の検査対象である円筒状ワークの外観検査を行う円筒状ワークの外観検査装置であって、前記円筒状ワークを回転させながら搬送する搬送手段と、前記円筒状ワークが視野に入るように撮像素子と光学レンズが設けられ、前記撮像素子により撮影した撮像光を光電変換して出力する第一の光電変換手段と、前記円筒状ワークを照明する照明手段と、前記円筒状ワークの移動速度及び回転速度を測定する第二の光電変換手段と、前記第二の光電変換手段の出力に基づいて前記円筒状ワークの位置を測定するワーク位置測定手段と、前記ワーク位置測定手段によって得られた測定結果に基づいて前記撮像素子の位置を制御する駆動制御手段と、前記第一の光電変換手段によって得られた前記円筒状ワークの画像情報に基づいて前記円筒状ワークの良否を判定する判定手段と、を備えることを特徴とする円筒状ワークの外観検査装置。   An appearance inspection apparatus for a cylindrical workpiece for inspecting the appearance of a cylindrical workpiece which is a cylindrical inspection object, a conveying means for conveying the cylindrical workpiece while rotating the cylindrical workpiece, so that the cylindrical workpiece enters a visual field An image sensor and an optical lens are provided, a first photoelectric conversion unit that photoelectrically converts and outputs imaging light captured by the image sensor, an illumination unit that illuminates the cylindrical workpiece, and a moving speed of the cylindrical workpiece And a second photoelectric conversion means for measuring the rotational speed, a workpiece position measuring means for measuring the position of the cylindrical workpiece based on the output of the second photoelectric conversion means, and the workpiece position measuring means. Drive control means for controlling the position of the image sensor based on the measurement result, and the cylindrical workpiece based on the image information of the cylindrical workpiece obtained by the first photoelectric conversion means. Appearance inspection apparatus of a cylindrical workpiece, characterized in that it comprises determination means for determining quality of click, the. 前記搬送手段は下り勾配であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至6の何れか一項に記載の円筒状ワークの外観検査装置。   The appearance inspection apparatus for a cylindrical workpiece according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the conveying means has a downward slope. 前記搬送手段にワークストッパを設け、前記ワークストッパを解除した信号を、前記光電変換手段又は前記第一の光電変換手段、及び前記駆動制御手段の動作開始信号とすることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7の何れか一項に記載の円筒状ワークの外観検査装置。   2. A work stopper is provided in the transport means, and a signal for releasing the work stopper is used as an operation start signal for the photoelectric conversion means or the first photoelectric conversion means and the drive control means. The cylindrical workpiece visual inspection apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 7. 前記搬送手段を下り勾配としたうえで、前記円筒状ワークに働く重力の搬送方向成分と、転がり摩擦力の大きさが等しくなるように、前記搬送手段の傾斜角ところがり摩擦係数を設定したことを特徴とする請求項1乃至6の何れか一項に記載の円筒状ワークの外観検査装置。   After setting the conveying means to a downward slope, the inclination angle rolling friction coefficient of the conveying means is set so that the conveying direction component of gravity acting on the cylindrical workpiece and the magnitude of the rolling friction force are equal. The cylindrical workpiece visual inspection apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6. 円筒状の検査対象である円筒状ワークの外観検査を行う円筒状ワークの外観検査装置であって、搬送経路が円弧状である搬送手段と、前記円弧の中心で前記円筒状ワークからの反射光を反射させるミラーと、前記円筒状ワークの移動に応じて前記ミラーの角度を調整するミラー角度調整手段と、前記円筒状ワークの表面画像を取得するための光電変換素子と、前記光電変換手段によって得られた前記円筒状ワークの画像情報に基づいて前記円筒状ワークの良否を判定する判定手段と、を備えることを特徴とする円筒状ワークの外観検査装置。   An appearance inspection apparatus for a cylindrical workpiece for inspecting the appearance of a cylindrical workpiece that is a cylindrical inspection object, a conveying means having a circular conveying path, and reflected light from the cylindrical workpiece at the center of the circular arc A mirror for reflecting the mirror, a mirror angle adjusting means for adjusting the angle of the mirror according to the movement of the cylindrical workpiece, a photoelectric conversion element for acquiring a surface image of the cylindrical workpiece, and the photoelectric conversion means A cylindrical workpiece appearance inspection apparatus comprising: a determination unit that determines the quality of the cylindrical workpiece based on the obtained image information of the cylindrical workpiece. 前記搬送手段の傾斜角度を0度とし、前記円筒状ワークを前記搬送手段に押し出すプッシャーを備えていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至6の何れか一項に記載の円筒状ワークの外観検査装置。   The appearance inspection of the cylindrical workpiece according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a pusher for setting the inclination angle of the conveying means to 0 degree and pushing the cylindrical workpiece to the conveying means. apparatus. 前記円筒状ワークは、記搬送手段との接触部に溝が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至11の何れか一項に記載の円筒状ワークの外観検査装置。   The cylindrical workpiece visual inspection apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the cylindrical workpiece has a groove formed in a contact portion with the transfer means. 前記搬送手段に沿って前記円筒状ワークが軸方向にずれないように前記円筒状ワークの両端部を支持するガイドを設けるようにしたことを特徴とする請求項1乃至11の何れか一項に記載の円筒状ワークの外観検査装置。   12. The guide according to claim 1, wherein guides are provided to support both ends of the cylindrical workpiece so that the cylindrical workpiece does not shift in the axial direction along the conveying means. Appearance inspection device for cylindrical workpiece as described. 前記円筒状ワークは、前記搬送手段と接触する個所の径が、検査対象面の径に比べて小さいことを特徴とする請求項1乃至11の何れか一項に記載の円筒状ワークの外観検査装置。   The appearance inspection of the cylindrical workpiece according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein a diameter of a portion of the cylindrical workpiece that is in contact with the conveying unit is smaller than a diameter of a surface to be inspected. apparatus.
JP2004339657A 2004-11-24 2004-11-24 Visual inspection apparatus for cylindrical work Pending JP2006145503A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009128202A (en) * 2007-11-26 2009-06-11 Showa Denko Kk Visual inspection device of work having circular periphery
JP2015064301A (en) * 2013-09-25 2015-04-09 Jfeスチール株式会社 Surface defect inspection device and surface defect inspection method
CN106442555A (en) * 2016-10-13 2017-02-22 广东理工学院 Imaging device and imaging method for detecting surface defects of cylindrical workpieces
JP2017146302A (en) * 2016-02-12 2017-08-24 Jfeスチール株式会社 Surface defect inspection device and surface defect inspection method
CN108072355A (en) * 2017-11-24 2018-05-25 襄阳博亚精工装备股份有限公司 The vision positioning measuring device of multiwindow workpiece
JP2019200097A (en) * 2018-05-15 2019-11-21 株式会社アセット・ウィッツ Pipe material automatic inspection device
JP2022087726A (en) * 2020-12-01 2022-06-13 和光技研工業有限会社 External surface inspection device

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009128202A (en) * 2007-11-26 2009-06-11 Showa Denko Kk Visual inspection device of work having circular periphery
JP2015064301A (en) * 2013-09-25 2015-04-09 Jfeスチール株式会社 Surface defect inspection device and surface defect inspection method
JP2017146302A (en) * 2016-02-12 2017-08-24 Jfeスチール株式会社 Surface defect inspection device and surface defect inspection method
CN106442555A (en) * 2016-10-13 2017-02-22 广东理工学院 Imaging device and imaging method for detecting surface defects of cylindrical workpieces
CN108072355A (en) * 2017-11-24 2018-05-25 襄阳博亚精工装备股份有限公司 The vision positioning measuring device of multiwindow workpiece
JP2019200097A (en) * 2018-05-15 2019-11-21 株式会社アセット・ウィッツ Pipe material automatic inspection device
JP2022087726A (en) * 2020-12-01 2022-06-13 和光技研工業有限会社 External surface inspection device

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