JP2006123167A - Desktop size processing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a processing apparatus suitable for a desktop size, capable of applying colorful processing, and capable of surely holding and continuously processing a work. <P>SOLUTION: This desktop size processing apparatus 10 cuts the work 12, and has a first spindle 32 for holding and rotatingly driving the work 12 or a milling cutter, and has a first driving mechanism 30 for moving the first spindle 32 in the Z axis direction. The processing apparatus has a tool post 56 for holding a cutting tool 57, and has a second spindle 53 integrally moving with this tool post 56 and rotatingly driving the work 12 or the milling cutter. The processing apparatus has a second driving mechanism 40 for moving the second spindle 53 and the tool post 56 in the X axis direction, and also has a third driving mechanism 50 for moving the second spindle 53 and the tool post 56 in the Y axis direction. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a desktop size processing apparatus.

  The production of various industrial products has shifted to countries other than Japan, such as China and Asia, and the hollowing out of the domestic manufacturing industry has become a serious problem. In particular, in the age of great competition such as in recent years, it is difficult to manufacture mass-produced products with low added value in Japan where labor costs and other costs are high.

  Therefore, in recent years, an attempt has been made to construct a production system that supports the production of a small variety of products. One of them is an attempt to embody concepts such as micromachines and microfactories that appeared in the 1980s. Among these, in the micro factory, the processing object is generally fine, and the processing apparatus is also downsized.

  Further, various processing apparatuses such as a general lathe and a milling machine have a large apparatus size and require a large installation space such as a factory. Furthermore, the weight of the processing apparatus is large, and a large-scale work is required to move the apparatus by changing the arrangement. Therefore, the problem is solved by realizing a small and lightweight processing apparatus. Moreover, since the processing apparatus is small, it is easy to cope with small-quantity, multi-product production.

  At present, there are Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1 as prior arts related to microfactories. Among these, Patent Document 1 describes the use of a microfactory in the chemical field. Non-Patent Document 1 introduces an outline of a desktop factory as a kind of microfactory.

Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2003-230829 (see paragraph 0003) The 13th page of the Nikkei Business Daily dated October 18, 2002

  As shown in Patent Document 1 described above, the microfactory is currently used mainly in the chemical field. For this reason, there are few examples in which the micro factory is applied to a processing apparatus that performs cutting or the like. Non-Patent Document 1 only describes an outline of a new concept of a desktop factory, and has not yet presented a specific processing apparatus.

  By the way, it is desirable that a small processing apparatus that embodies the concept of the micro factory (desktop factory) described above is a multi-function machine having functions of a plurality of processing apparatuses such as a lathe and a milling machine because of the problem of installation space. However, since lathes and milling machines have different targets to be rotated, it is difficult to realize both functions with a single processing device.

  That is, in the small processing apparatus used for the micro factory as described above, since the installation space is limited, for example, it is necessary to have a desktop size (desktop size), it is difficult to realize it.

  Furthermore, once a workpiece is cut using a processing device, a new cutting may be performed using another processing device. In this case, under the present circumstances, after the first cutting process is completed, the work is removed from the chuck of the processing apparatus, and then the work is again held by the chuck of the new processing apparatus, and cutting is performed by the processing apparatus. However, at that time, the holding position of the workpiece with respect to the chuck is usually shifted by a minute distance, and it is difficult to perform highly accurate cutting.

  In particular, when cutting is performed using a small processing device, the workpiece is often as small as a micro-part, and the number of cases in which cutting must be performed with an increase in the size of the workpiece increases. To do. When the workpiece is small, the accuracy required for cutting is often high, and it is difficult to perform accurate cutting if the workpiece is changed from chuck to chuck under such a requirement.

  In addition, it is difficult to hold a small work such as a micropart on the chuck itself, and when the work is held on the chuck, problems such as dropping the work and losing it may occur.

  Furthermore, in the current large machining centers and turning centers, there are types having an ATC function for automatically changing cutting tools and workpieces. However, in a small (desktop size) processing apparatus, since there is a demand for miniaturization, it is difficult to attach an ATC function that causes a large size.

  The present invention has been made on the basis of the above circumstances, and the object thereof is suitable for a desktop size, and various workpieces can be applied to the workpiece and the workpiece can be securely held. In addition, it is an object of the present invention to provide a desktop size processing apparatus that can improve the processing accuracy of a workpiece. Another object of the present invention is to provide a desktop-size processing apparatus that is suitable for a desktop size and that can continuously process a workpiece.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a desktop-size processing apparatus for cutting a workpiece, and holds and rotates a mill for holding the workpiece or milling the workpiece. A first spindle for moving, a first drive mechanism for moving the first spindle in a first direction along the axis of the first spindle, and a tool for turning the workpiece A tool post to be held, a second spindle that is attached in a state of moving integrally with the tool rest, holds a milling cutter or holds a workpiece, and is driven to rotate. A second drive mechanism for moving the second spindle and the tool post in a vertical direction and in a second direction along the axis of the second spindle, and in the first direction and the second direction In a third direction perpendicular to, those comprising a third drive mechanism for moving the second spindle and the tool rest, the.

  When configured in this way, the work and the bite or the workpiece in the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction by the operation of the first drive mechanism, the second drive mechanism, and the third drive mechanism. The workpiece can be cut while changing the relative position between the workpiece and the milling cutter. In the above-described configuration, the tool post to which the cutting tool is attached and the second spindle to which the milling cutter is attached are configured to move integrally. Therefore, compared with the case where a tool post and a 2nd spindle are provided separately independently, both can be attached to one member, for example, and it becomes possible to implement space saving. That is, it is possible to save space while realizing a multifunction machine having both functions of a milling machine having a milling machine and a lathe having a cutting tool. Therefore, it is possible to realize a processing apparatus capable of performing complex cutting in a desktop size processing apparatus in which space saving is essential.

  According to another invention, in addition to the above-described invention, the first drive mechanism and the third drive mechanism are attached to the base, and the second drive mechanism is attached to the third drive mechanism. It is what.

  In this case, since the second drive mechanism is attached to the third drive mechanism, the second spindle and the tool post are driven by the second drive mechanism and the third drive mechanism. , And can be moved in a plane direction formed by the second direction and the third direction. Further, since the first spindle is moved in the first direction by the first drive mechanism, the workpiece can be cut while changing the relative position between the workpiece and the bite or the workpiece and the milling cutter. .

  Further, according to another invention, in addition to the above-described invention, a work holding member is detachably provided on the first spindle or the second spindle, and the work holding member interpolates the work. And a main body portion having a hole portion having a tapered surface whose inner diameter increases from the other end side toward the open end side at the one end side, a rod member inserted into the hole portion, and a plurality of chucks An insertion hole is formed at the center of the claw in the radial direction, the collet chuck is located closer to one end of the hole than the rod member and moves integrally with the rod member, and the rod member and collet. An urging means for applying an urging force for moving the chuck from one end side to the other end side with respect to the main body portion; and a mounting portion to be inserted into the insertion hole provided in the spindle. Further, the workpiece holding member is moved to the inner diameter side of the hole portion by the biasing force applied by the biasing means, and the chuck pawl is moved to the inner diameter side of the hole portion. By holding the workpiece to be inserted and pushing the tip of the rod member, the state where the chuck pawl is biased to the tapered surface is released, and the workpiece can be attached and detached. The workpiece is held by the first spindle or the second spindle via the.

  In such a configuration, the workpiece is held via the workpiece holding member with respect to the first spindle or the second spindle. Here, in the work holding member, the state in which the chuck pawl is biased to the tapered surface is released by pushing the tip portion of the rod member. Therefore, the insertion hole can be easily expanded, and the workpiece can be inserted or removed. Further, when the tip end portion of the rod member is not pushed in, the chuck pawl is biased toward the tapered surface by the biasing force of the biasing means. As a result, the chuck claw moves to the inner diameter side of the hole, and the insertion hole is narrowed. Therefore, when the work is inserted into the insertion hole, the work is held by the chuck claws, and this work is held well.

  By doing in this way, when removing a workpiece | work, the whole workpiece | work holding member can be removed. Thereby, for example, a small work such as a micro part can be mounted outside the processing apparatus. As a result, the problem that occurs when the small workpiece is mounted inside the processing apparatus, such as dropping the workpiece and losing the workpiece, does not occur.

  In addition, since the workpiece holding member can be attached to and detached from the first spindle or the second spindle without removing the workpiece, the machining device performs new machining again after removing the workpiece from the chuck of the first machining device. There is no need to hold the workpiece on the chuck. For this reason, even when the workpiece is small, it is possible to prevent positional displacement between the spindle and the workpiece, and it is possible to perform cutting with high accuracy.

  According to another invention, in addition to the above-described invention, a rod guide having a through hole penetrating in the axial direction is attached to the main body portion on the other end side, and the rod member is inserted into the through hole. The tip portion of the rod member protrudes from the through hole.

  In such a configuration, the rod member is stably guided by the rod guide. Further, since the tip portion of the rod member protrudes from the through hole, if the tip portion of the rod member is pushed in, the rod member moves from the other end side to one end side against the biasing force of the biasing means. Can do. Thus, the state in which the chuck pawl is biased by the tapered surface can be released, and the workpiece can be easily inserted into and removed from the insertion hole.

  Furthermore, in addition to the above-mentioned invention, in another invention, the outer diameter of the rod guide protrudes from the other end of the rod guide and can be locked to an external member. A locking part is provided.

  When comprised in this way, when inserting a workpiece | work holding member in the insertion hole of a jig | tool, for example, a workpiece | work holding member can be pulled to the back | inner side of an insertion hole via a latching | locking part. Thereby, the front-end | tip part of a rod member can be collided with another part, and the said rod member can be pushed into a through-hole.

  According to another invention, in addition to the above-described inventions, a fitting groove is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the main body portion over the entire circumference in the circumferential direction. In this case, the work holding member can be held on the tool magazine of the ATC unit via the fitting groove. Thereby, a large number of workpieces can be processed continuously and automatically.

  Furthermore, in another invention, in addition to the above-described inventions, the base is further provided with an automatic change unit including a tool magazine capable of holding a plurality of milling cutters or a plurality of workpiece holding members. The tool magazine corresponds to a central portion having a bearing hole into which a rotating shaft is inserted, a plurality of extending portions having a tool holding portion in which a milling or work holding member is positioned, and extending portions from the central portion. And a bending holding part that extends from the center part and presses the milling or work holding member located in the tool holding part with a biasing force. The tool magazine can be rotated about the second direction as the rotation axis, and the tool magazine can be slid along the first direction. A.

  When configured in this way, the desktop-size processing apparatus includes an automatic exchange unit having a tool magazine. Therefore, a plurality of milling cutters or a plurality of workpiece holding members can be held in the tool magazine. Thereby, the workpiece holding member or the mill located at the tool holding portion can be sequentially replaced to perform cutting, and automatic workpiece machining can be realized.

  Here, in the tool magazine, when the milling member or the workpiece holding member is positioned with respect to the tool holding portion, the milling member or the workpiece holding member is pressed with a biasing force by the bending holding portion. Accordingly, the milling member or the work holding member can be held and held between the tool holding portion and the bending holding portion. Moreover, since the extending | stretching part and the bending | flexion holding | maintenance part are provided with two or more, it becomes possible to hold | maintain a some milling or work holding member simultaneously. Thereby, the milling or the workpiece holding member positioned in the tool holding portion can be automatically and sequentially replaced to perform cutting, and automatic workpiece machining can be realized.

  In another invention, in addition to the above-described invention, a tool magazine is formed using a single member made of a material having excellent spring characteristics. When comprised in this way, it can be set as the state which has a spring characteristic with which the bending | flexion holding | maintenance part was excellent. Thereby, the milling member or the work holding member can be favorably clamped between the bending holding portion and the tool holding portion.

  Furthermore, in addition to the above-described inventions, in another aspect of the invention, the outer peripheral surface of the milling or workpiece holding member is provided with a fitting groove over the entire circumference in the radial direction. A protrusion that fits into the recessed portion of the fitting groove and a pedestal that contacts the flange portion of the fitting groove, and the protruding portion is fitted into the recessed portion and has a biasing force at the bending holding portion. In this state, by pressing the outer peripheral surface of the flange portion, the milling cutter or the work holding member is held.

  In such a configuration, when the milling cutter or the work holding member is located in the tool holding portion, the protrusion is fitted into the recessed portion of the fitting groove, and the pedestal portion comes into contact with the flange portion of the fitting groove. Moreover, the outer peripheral surface of a flange part is pressed down by the bending holding part. Thereby, the milling member or the workpiece holding member is held by the tool magazine through the fitting groove. If it does in this way, when holding a milling machine or a work holding member, it can prevent that position shift comes and can hold these in a tool magazine satisfactorily. Further, since misalignment is prevented, the milling machine or the work can be reliably held by the processing apparatus.

  According to another invention, in addition to the above-mentioned inventions, the cutting edge of the cutting tool attached to the tool post and the central axis of the milling machine attached to the second spindle are on the same straight line along the second direction. It is provided.

  In the case of such a configuration, when switching between milling for a workpiece and lathe machining for the workpiece, the switching time between the milling cutter and the cutting tool can be shortened, and the working time in cutting can be shortened. it can. Moreover, since the cutting edge of the cutting tool and the central axis of the milling cutter are arranged on a straight line along the same second direction, the cutting tool or the milling cutter does not protrude unnecessarily with respect to the other. As a result, it is possible to reduce the size of the desktop-size processing apparatus.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to realize a desktop-size processing apparatus that can perform various kinds of processing on a workpiece while having a desktop size. Further, by using the workpiece holding member, the workpiece can be reliably held and the machining accuracy of the workpiece can be improved. Furthermore, by using a tool magazine, it is possible to continuously process a workpiece while the processing apparatus is of a desktop size.

  Hereinafter, a desktop size processing apparatus (hereinafter referred to as a processing apparatus) according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a processing apparatus 10 according to a position embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front view showing the configuration of the processing apparatus 10. FIG. 3 is a side view showing the configuration of the processing apparatus 10. FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the configuration of the processing apparatus 10.

  The processing apparatus 10 is formed to have a desktop size, and can be installed, for example, on the work table 11 (see FIGS. 2 and 3). This processing apparatus 10 has a base 20 having a substantially rectangular planar shape. Various components are attached to the upper surface portion 21 of the base 20. Further, an opening 22 (see FIGS. 1 and 4) is provided in a part of the upper surface portion 21, and chips and the like of the workpiece 12 are dropped through the opening 22.

  Note that a tray (not shown) can be disposed on the lower surface side of the base 20 in order to catch the chips dropped from the opening 22. The base 20 is provided with a total of four legs 23. The leg portion 23 extends toward the work table 11 on which the processing apparatus 10 is installed.

  In this embodiment, a total of three drive mechanisms for changing the relative position between the workpiece 12 and the cutting tool are provided for such a base 20. In the following description, the headstock 31 and the spindle are arranged in the direction closest to the base 20 and parallel to the upper surface portion 21 of the base 20 (Z-axis direction in FIG. 1; corresponding to the first direction). A drive mechanism corresponding to the first drive mechanism for moving 32 (corresponding to the first spindle) is referred to as a Z drive mechanism 30.

  Further, in the normal direction of the upper surface portion 21 of the base 20 (the direction perpendicular to the Z axis and parallel to the upper surface portion 21; the X axis direction in FIG. 1; corresponding to the third direction), A drive mechanism corresponding to the third drive mechanism for moving the Y drive mechanism 50 to be described is referred to as an X drive mechanism 40. Further, a drive mechanism corresponding to the second drive mechanism for moving the headstock 52, the spindle 53, and the like in a direction perpendicular to the upper surface portion 21 (Y direction in FIG. 1; corresponding to the second direction). , Y drive mechanism 50.

  Among them, in the Z drive mechanism 30, a ball screw (not shown) is arranged along the Z axis. A nut portion (not shown) is screwed into this ball screw. The nut portion is provided integrally with the head stock 31. In addition, a motor 33 that rotates the ball screw is provided so as to have the same axis as the ball screw. The headstock 31 is guided to slide in the Z direction by a sliding guide 34. For this reason, when the ball screw is driven to rotate, the head stock 31 is guided to slide in the Z direction by the sliding guide 34.

  The Z drive mechanism 30 is provided with a cover member 35 so as to cover the above-described ball screw and nut portion. The cover member 35 is made of, for example, a bellows-like member that can expand and contract even when the headstock 31 or the like slides. The bellows portion may be provided so as to cover the sliding guide 34 or may be provided so as not to cover the sliding guide 34.

  The Z drive mechanism 30 is provided with a spindle 32 so as to enter the headstock 31. The spindle 32 is provided so as to penetrate the spindle stock 31 described above. Further, the rear end side of the headstock 31 is configured such that the other end side of the spindle 32 protrudes. A gear pulley (not shown) is attached to the protruding portion of the spindle 32. A gear belt (not shown) is stretched around the gear pulley. The gear belt is also wound around a gear pulley on the side of the motor 36 that rotates the spindle 32. Accordingly, when the motor 36 is rotationally driven, the drive is transmitted to the spindle 32 side through the gear pulley.

  A plurality of bearings (not shown) are arranged inside the head stock 31. Further, a configuration may be adopted in which a gear is arranged inside the headstock 31 and the driving force from the motor 36 is decelerated.

  A tool mounting portion 37 (see FIG. 4) is provided inside one end side of the head stock 31. The tool attachment portion 37 is a portion for attaching a tool shank 60 and a cutting tool described later. An insertion hole 38 is formed in a portion of the tool attachment portion 37 along the axial direction of the spindle 32. The insertion hole 38 is a part for inserting the tool shank 60. Note that the insertion hole 38 has a tapered hole portion that comes into contact with a tapered portion 67 of a cutting tool having the same outer shape as the tool shank 60 that holds the workpiece 12 described later, the tool shank 60 that holds the cutting tool, or the tool shank 60. 38a is provided. In addition, a lock mechanism (not shown) is provided to prevent the inserted tool shank 60 and the like from dropping off.

  Next, the configuration of the tool shank 60 as a work holding member inserted into the insertion hole 38 will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 5, the tool shank 60 includes a cylindrical main body 61, a cylindrical collet chuck 62, a cylindrical pull rod 63, a spring 64 serving as a coil spring, a cylindrical rod guide 65, have. Among these, a pulley-like fitting groove 66 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the main body 61 in the middle of the axial direction. The fitting groove 66 is provided in a ring shape over the entire circumference of the main body 61. The tool shank 60 is held by the tool holding portion 122 of the tool magazine 120 described later via the fitting groove 66.

  Further, a tapered portion 67 having a conical shape is provided on a portion of the outer peripheral surface of the main body portion 61 on the other end side (right side in FIG. 5) from the fitting groove 66. The taper portion 67 is a portion that contacts the above-described taper hole 38a. The taper portion 67 and the rod guide 65 correspond to the mounting portion.

  As will be described later, a tool shank 60 with a cutting tool or a cutting tool having the same outer shape as the tool shank 60 can be inserted into the insertion hole 38. For this reason, a tool shank 60 for a cutting tool or a cutting tool having the same outer shape as the tool shank 60 is provided with a portion (tapered portion) corresponding to insertion into the insertion hole 38. Therefore, in the following description, since the tool shank 60 with a cutting tool and the taper part of the cutting tool itself are the same shape as the taper part 67, they are also included in the taper part 67.

  Further, the main body 61 has a hole 68 extending in the axial direction thereof. The hole 68 is provided with a chuck insertion part 69, a small diameter hole part 70, a spring insertion part 71, and a guide insertion part 72. Among these, one end side of the hole portion 68 (the left portion in FIG. 5) is a chuck insertion portion 69 into which the collet chuck 62 is inserted. The chuck insertion portion 69 is provided with a tapered surface 69a that abuts against a chuck claw 75 described later on the open end portion side (left portion in FIG. 5).

  Further, in the hole 68, the other end side adjacent to the chuck insertion portion 69 (the portion on the right side of the chuck insertion portion 69 in FIG. 5) protrudes from the inner wall surface toward the inner diameter side. 73 is provided. Due to the presence of the protrusion 73, a small-diameter hole 70 narrower than the chuck insertion portion 69 is formed. Further, the projecting portion 73 is a spring receiver that receives the spring 64 as an urging means. Further, a spring insertion portion 71 is provided on the other end side adjacent to the small diameter hole portion 70 (a portion on the right side of the small diameter hole portion 70 in FIG. 5). In the spring insertion portion 71, a spring 64, a rod portion of a pull rod 63 and a spring receiving portion 81, which will be described later, are located.

  Furthermore, a guide insertion portion 72 is provided on the other end side of the hole portion 68 adjacent to the spring insertion portion 71 (a portion on the right side of the spring insertion portion 71 in FIG. 5). A rod guide 65 is inserted into the guide insertion portion 72. For this reason, the diameter of the guide insertion portion 72 is provided to be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the spring insertion portion 71.

  The rod guide 65 is fixed to the guide insertion portion 72 by, for example, caulking. However, as long as the rod guide 65 can be appropriately fixed, the rod guide 65 is fixed to the guide insertion portion 72 (main body portion 61) using a technique such as welding or screw fixing, without being limited to caulking. It is good also as the state which did.

  Further, the collet chuck 62 as a chuck member inserted into the chuck insertion portion 69 includes an insertion hole 74 for inserting the workpiece 12 and a chuck claw disposed on the left side in FIG. 75 and a collet base body 77 disposed on the right side. Further, the chuck claw 75 is provided so as to cover the insertion hole 74. In the present embodiment, three chuck claws 75 are provided so as to cover the insertion hole 74. That is, each chuck claw 75 is provided over an angular range of approximately 120 degrees along the radial direction of the collet chuck 62, and is provided so as to form a substantially fan-shaped front shape with the center cut off. Yes.

  The three chuck claws 75 are configured to cover the insertion hole 74 described above. Of the chuck claws 75, the portion where the holding portion 76 that holds the workpiece 12 is present is the other part of the chuck claws 75. It is provided to be thicker than the portion. Further, in order to hold the workpiece 12 satisfactorily, the insertion hole 74 where the holding portion 76 exists is an insertion hole 74 constituted by another portion of the chuck claw 75 (a portion on the collet base portion 77 side described later). Compared to the above, the inner diameter is small.

  Note that the number of chuck claws 75 is not limited to three, and the number of chuck claws 75 can be variously changed, such as four, if two or more are provided. In consideration of the detachability of the workpiece 12, it is preferable to provide three or more chuck claws 75.

  Each chuck claw 75 is provided integrally with the collet base body 77. Moreover, the chuck claws 75 are elastic so that the chuck claws 75 are not substantially perpendicular to the collet base portion 77 but are opened in a direction away from each other when the chuck claws 75 are removed from the tapered surface 69a. It is provided with power.

  That is, in a state where the tip end portion (the left side in FIG. 5) of the chuck claw 75 is in contact with the tapered surface 69a, the chuck claw 75 is pressed toward the inner diameter side by the tapered surface 69a. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 5, the chuck claw 75 and the collet base body 77 become substantially vertical. At this time, the chuck pawl 75 is elastically bent with respect to the collet base portion 77 and is bent. However, when the chuck claw 75 is separated from the chuck insertion portion 69 (tapered surface 69a), the pressed state is released, and the chuck claw 75 moves in a direction away from each other by the elastic force due to the above-described bending. As a result, the insertion hole 74 in the chuck claw 75 portion, particularly the holding portion 76 portion is expanded, and the holding of the workpiece 12 is released.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the collet base portion 77 is provided with a hole portion 78 that penetrates the central portion in the radial direction. One end side of the pull rod 63 is inserted into the hole 78. Further, a pin insertion hole 79 is provided so as to be orthogonal to the hole 78. A work stopper pin 80 is inserted into the pin insertion hole 79. Thereby, when the small diameter workpiece | work 12 is inserted in the insertion hole 74, it has controlled that this workpiece | work 12 moves to the hole part 78 side.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the pull rod 63 as a rod member is a substantially rod-like member, and is attached in a state where one end side thereof is inserted into the hole 78. Thereby, the pull rod 63 and the collet chuck 62 are integrally provided. A portion of the pull rod 63 disposed on the other end side of the spring insertion portion 71 is provided with a ring-shaped spring receiving portion 81 protruding toward the outer diameter side from the other portion of the pull rod 63. ing. The spring receiving portion 81 is a portion for receiving the other end side of the spring 64 inserted into the spring insertion portion 71.

  Further, the pull rod 63 extends toward the other end side (the right side in FIG. 5) and penetrates a through hole 82 described later inside the rod guide 65. Furthermore, the tip portion 63 a of the pull rod 63 can project from the opening portion 82 a of the through hole 82. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the tip end portion 63 a of the pull rod 63 can protrude toward the other end side from the rod guide 65. The tip portion 63a normally protrudes from the opening portion 82a due to the biasing force of the spring 64 pressing the spring receiving portion 81. Therefore, the tip portion 63a is pushed into the through hole 82 when pressed against the pressing portion 101a described later.

  The rod guide 65 is provided with a through hole 82 so as to penetrate the axial direction thereof. Further, a part of the rod guide 65 on one end side (a part on the left side in FIG. 5) is an insertion part 83 that is inserted into the above-described guide insertion part 72. The insertion part 83 has an inner diameter corresponding to the insertion into the guide insertion part 72. The rod guide 65 is fixed to the main body portion 61 by inserting the insertion portion 83 into the guide insertion portion 72 and performing, for example, caulking. Further, a portion on the other end side of the rod guide 65 (a portion on the right side in FIG. 5) serves as a tip guide portion 84. The outer diameter of the tip guide portion 84 is smaller than the outer diameter of the guide insertion portion 72.

  Further, in the tip guide portion 84, a portion on the other end side (a portion on the right side in FIG. 5) is a locking portion 85 having a larger outer diameter than the other portions. The locking portion 85 is a portion locked by a ball 99 existing inside a shank insertion hole 92 of the jig 90 described later.

  A guide receiving portion 86 is provided at a boundary portion between the insertion portion 83 and the tip guide portion 84. The guide receiving portion 86 is provided larger than the inner diameter of the guide insertion portion 72. Therefore, when the insertion portion 83 of the lock guide 65 is inserted into the guide insertion portion 72, the lock guide 65 is attached to the main body portion 61 in a state where the guide receiving portion 86 is received by the end surface on the other end side of the main body portion 61. It is attached.

  Moreover, the jig | tool 90 used when holding the workpiece | work 12 in the above-mentioned tool shank 60 is demonstrated based on FIG. 6 and FIG. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the jig 90 has a main body portion 91, and a shank insertion hole 92 is formed in the main body portion 91. The shank insertion hole 92 is provided with a conical tapered hole portion 93 whose inner diameter increases toward one end thereof. The tapered hole portion 93 receives the tapered portion 67 of the tool shank 60 described above. The shank insertion hole 92 is provided with a guide hole portion 94 having a constant inner diameter following the tapered hole portion 93.

  Further, a ball escape groove 95 is provided in the middle portion of the guide hole portion 94. The inner wall surface of the ball escape groove 95 is provided to face the outer diameter side with respect to the other inner wall surface of the guide hole portion 94. A ball 99 described later can be positioned in the ball escape groove 95.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, a pull-out cap 96 is inserted into the guide hole portion 94. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the pull-out cap 96 is a bottomed cylindrical cap-shaped member that is open at one end. The pull-out cap 96 is provided with an inner cylinder hole 97 so that the above-described tip guide portion 84 can be inserted. A ball hole 98 is provided on one end side of the drawing cap 96. The ball holes 98 are provided so as to penetrate through the cylindrical portion of the extraction cap 96, and at least four ball holes 98 are provided.

  As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, one ball 99 is inserted into one ball hole 98. In the ball hole 98, the opening diameter L 1 on the inner cylinder hole 97 side, that is, the center side is provided smaller than the opening diameter L 2 on the outer peripheral side and the diameter of the ball 99. Therefore, even when the ball 99 is positioned in the ball hole 98, the movement of the ball 99 toward the inner cylinder hole 97 (center side) is restricted. Further, when the pull-out cap 96 is inserted toward the back side of the guide hole portion 94 (left side in FIGS. 6 and 7), the ball 99 is positioned in the ball escape groove 95.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 6, a rod insertion hole 100 is formed in the extraction cap 96 so as to penetrate the extraction cap 96. A pressing rod 101 is inserted into the rod insertion hole 100. Here, when the extraction cap 96 is slid by the guide hole portion 94 by a predetermined distance, the rod insertion hole 100 is formed so that the extraction cap 96 and the pressing rod 101 do not interfere with each other. It is formed in the shape of a long hole whose length is longer than the diameter.

  As shown in FIG. 6, a through hole 102 is formed in the jig main body portion 91 in a direction orthogonal to the shank insertion hole 92. The above-described pressing rod 101 is inserted into the through hole 102 together with the rod insertion hole 100. Further, the pressing rod 101 is provided with a pressing portion 101a. As shown in FIG. 6, the pressing portion 101 a is formed in a portion corresponding to the inner cylindrical hole 97 of the pull-out cap 96. The tip portion 63a of the pull rod 63 can be pressed against the pressing portion 101a.

  A cylinder 104 is connected to the pull-out cap 96 via a connecting member 103. When the cylinder 104 comes in contact with and separates from the jig main body 91, the extraction cap 96 can slide inside the shank insertion hole 92. A guide member 105 that guides the sliding of the cylinder 104 is provided between the cylinder 104 and the jig main body 91.

  Returning to FIGS. 1 to 4, the description of the overall configuration will be continued. As shown in FIG. 1, a support frame 24 is erected upward from the upper surface portion 21. The support frame 24 is provided, for example, in a substantially box shape, and a ball screw of the X drive mechanism 40 described later is accommodated in the box shape.

  Next, the X drive mechanism 40 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the X drive mechanism 40 is located on the outer edge side of the base 20 with respect to the Y drive mechanism 50. The X drive mechanism 40 also has a ball screw and a nut portion (not shown), similar to the Z drive mechanism 30 described above. Further, the support frame 24 is provided with a motor 41 (see FIGS. 3 and 4) for rotating the ball screw so as to be on the same axis as the ball screw. The nut portion is provided integrally with the Y drive mechanism 50. Further, the X drive mechanism 40 is also provided with a sliding guide (not shown), and when the ball screw rotates, the nut portion and the Y drive mechanism 50 can move in the X direction.

  Next, the Y drive mechanism 50 will be described. As described above, the Y drive mechanism 50 is provided to be movable in the X direction by driving the motor 41 of the X drive mechanism 40. The Y drive mechanism 50 has a plate 51, and a headstock 52, a spindle 53 (corresponding to a second spindle), a motor 54 for rotating a ball screw (not shown), and a spindle 53 are disposed on the plate 51. Is fixedly provided. The constituent elements of the Y drive mechanism 50 such as the headstock 52, the spindle 53, and the motors 54 and 55 are the same as the constituent elements of the Z drive mechanism 30 described above, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted.

  A tool post 56 is attached to the long plate 51. The tool post 56 is a part to which a long tool 57 as a cutting tool is attached. The tool post 56 is provided with a mounting groove 58 (see FIGS. 1 and 2) for mounting a plurality of cutting tools 57 (see FIGS. 2 to 4) and a plurality of screw holes (not shown). . Due to the presence of the mounting groove 58 and the screw hole, a support portion for supporting the blade portion of the cutting tool 57 is inserted into the mounting groove 58 and a fixing tool (not shown) for fixing the cutting tool 57 can be fixed with a screw. . Thereby, the cutting tool 57 is attached to the tool post 56.

  In the present embodiment, the central axis of the cutting tool (milling machine) attached to the spindle 53 and the cutting edge of the cutting tool 57 are arranged on the same straight line on the Y axis. In the present embodiment, such an arrangement on the same straight line is arranged so as to be on the same straight line on the Y axis when viewed from the front (see FIG. 2). Moreover, when viewed from the side surface (see FIG. 3), the cutting edge of the cutting tool 57 is shifted to the right in FIG. 3 from the cutting edge of the milling cutter. For this reason, even if the Y drive mechanism 50 moves up and down for milling, the cutting tool 57 does not get in the way. For example, when viewed from the side (see FIG. 3), the tip portion of the milling cutter and the tip portion of the cutting tool 57 are on the same straight line on the Y axis, and the cutting tool 57 is further on the far side in FIG. You may arrange so that it may become.

  Next, the ATC unit 110 will be described. An ATC (Automatic Tool Changer) unit 110 corresponds to an automatic exchange unit. The ATC unit 110 includes a tool magazine 120, which holds a cutting tool having the same outer shape as the tool shank 60, a tool shank 60 that holds the cutting tool, and a workpiece 12. The tool shank 60 in the finished state is held.

  The tool magazine 120 is formed of a single member made of a material having excellent spring characteristics such as beryllium copper (BeCu). By forming the tool magazine 120 from such a single member, the size of the tool magazine 120 is minimized (downsized). The material of the tool magazine 120 is not limited to beryllium copper, and any material may be used as long as it has excellent spring characteristics, such as phosphor bronze.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the tool magazine 120 has a center portion 121 having a substantially hexagonal planar shape, and a plurality of tool magazines 120 from the center portion 121 to the outside (in this embodiment, a total of six). The tool holding part 122 is provided. The tool holding part 122 is provided in the extending part 123.

  The extending portion 123 is provided so as to go outward from the central portion 121. The extending portion 123 includes a tool holding portion 122 that is cut out in a semicircular shape from the outer diameter side to the inner diameter side of the extending portion 123 and the remaining portion that is notched is substantially J-shaped. Have. That is, in the present embodiment, one side M1 of the extending portion 123 protrudes long in a state of being separated from the central portion 121, but the other side M2 of the extending portion 123 is longer than the one side M1. It does not protrude. Further, the thickness dimension (circumferential length) of the extending portion 123 between the tool holding portion 122 and the one side M1 is the thickness dimension (circumferential length) between the tool holding portion 122 and the other side M2. (Length in the direction).

  The cross-sectional shape of the extending portion 123 is shown in FIG. 9A is a diagram showing a cross-sectional shape of the AA line in FIG. 8 in a state where the tool shank 60 is attached, and FIG. 9B shows a cross-sectional shape of the BB line. FIG. As shown in FIG. 9A, the tool holding portion 122 includes a protruding portion 123a, a protruding root portion 123b, and a pedestal portion 123c. The protruding portion 123a is a portion that is located at the center portion in the width direction of the tool holding portion 122 and protrudes from the pedestal portion 123c. The protrusion 123a and the protrusion base 123b are fitted in the recess 66a of the tool shank 60 and the fitting groove 66 of the cutting tool. Moreover, when the projection part 123a and the projection base part 123b are fitted in the hollow part 66a, the outer peripheral surface of the flange part 66b of the fitting groove 66 is in a state of contacting the pedestal part 123c.

  Further, in the vicinity of the extending portion 123, a bending holding portion 124 is provided with a slit 125 therebetween. That is, due to the presence of the slit 125, the extending portion 123 and the bending holding portion 124 are separated. The bending holding portion 124 has an elastic piece portion 124a that is narrow in width and can be deformed by bending, and an abutting portion 124b provided at a tip end portion of the protruding elastic piece portion 124a.

  Among these, the contact portion 124b is provided so as to be wider in the circumferential direction than the elastic piece portion 124a, and moreover projects from the center of the arc of the tool holding portion 122 than the contact portion 124b. ing. Therefore, when the above-described tool shank 60 or the like is pushed into the tool holding portion 122, the abutment portion 124b is pushed and elastically deformed, but when the tool holding portion 122 is pushed into the holding state, The contact portion 124b contacts the flange portion 66b of the tool shank 60 (see FIG. 9B) by restoring the elastic piece portion 124a that has been bent once, and prevents the tool shank 60 and the like from falling off. Accordingly, the tool shank 60 and the like are in a state of being favorably held by the tool holding portion 122.

  In the present embodiment, the above-described slit 125 is cut out to the same level as the base portion of the extending portion 123 and the bending holding portion 124 described above.

  Such a tool magazine 120 is attached to the ATC rotation shaft 111 (corresponding to the rotation shaft). As shown in FIG. 8, a bearing hole 126 that penetrates the center portion 121 is formed in the center of the center portion 121. A plurality (four in this embodiment) of screw holes are formed around the bearing hole 126. The tool magazine 120 is attached to the ATC drive mechanism 112 of the ATC unit 110 by inserting the ATC rotating shaft 111 into the bearing hole 126 and screwing a screw through the cover member. The ATC rotation shaft 111 is provided in parallel to the X axis.

  The ATC drive mechanism 112 has a motor (step motor) 113 as shown in FIGS. 1, 3, and 4, and the tool magazine 120 is driven to rotate by the motor 113. The drive control of the motor 113 at this time is an open loop control in which feedback is not performed because a step motor is used in this embodiment, but as a closed loop control using another motor or a step motor. Also good.

  The ATC drive mechanism 112 has a support member 114 that holds the ATC rotation shaft 111. The ATC rotation shaft 111 is, for example, a bearing in a bearing hole (not shown) provided in the support member 114. Is attached through. A gear train (not shown) composed of a plurality of gears is provided between the ATC rotary shaft 111 and the motor 113 so that the drive of the motor 113 can be decelerated.

  In addition, the number of gears of the gear is appropriately set together with the interposition of the gear. This setting is appropriate for the cutting tool or tool shank 60 mounted on the tool holding part 122 of the tool magazine 120 when n pulses (n is an integer) are applied to the motor 113. It is set to be an index angle (in FIG. 8, 360 degrees ÷ 6 and 60 degrees intervals). That is, the rotation angle per pulse is adjusted by the gear so that n pulses (n is an integer) × rotation angle per pulse = index angle.

  Here, the tool magazine 120 shown in FIG. 8 includes a total of six tool holders 122. However, the tool magazine 120 is not limited to the configuration including the six tool holding portions 122, and it is of course possible to adopt a configuration including one or a plurality of tool holding portions 122 such as eight or twelve. is there. Also in this case, for the index angle obtained by dividing 360 degrees by the number of tool holders 122, the rotation angle per pulse is set such that n pulses (n is an integer) × rotation angle per pulse = index angle, What is necessary is just to adjust with a gear.

  Further, the support member 114 is slidably mounted on the ATC table 115. The sliding direction of the ATC table 115 is the same as the sliding direction (Z-axis direction) of the Z drive mechanism 30 described above. Further, in order to slide the support member 114 in the Z-axis direction, a ball screw, a motor, a sliding guide, and the like (not shown) are provided, but the above-described Z drive mechanism 30, X drive mechanism 40, and Y drive mechanism are provided. Since it is the same structure as 50, description is abbreviate | omitted about the detail.

  The motors 33, 36, 41, 54, 55, 113 are connected to the control device 130 (see FIG. 1). The control device 130 includes a storage unit 131, and a control program is stored in the storage unit 131. The control program is read into a RAM provided in the control device 130 and further read into a central processing means (not shown) provided in the control device 130, thereby corresponding to various cutting patterns of the workpiece 12. The motors 33, 36, 41, 54, 55 and 113 can be controlled and operated. In this embodiment, the moving resolution of the workpiece 12 and the cutting tool is 0.5 microns (μm), but may be 0.1 microns or less than 0.1 microns.

  In the present embodiment, a personal computer separate from the processing apparatus 10 is used as the control apparatus 130, but the control apparatus 130 may be incorporated in the processing apparatus 10. In that case, it is preferable that the control device 130 is incorporated in the upper part of the base 20 or the lower part of the base 20 or attached to the side of the base 20.

  Moreover, the dimension value of the main component of each component mentioned above is demonstrated, comparing with the dimension value of the conventional component. The tool magazine 120 described above has an outer diameter of about 108 mm. On the other hand, as the size of the ATC device (for example, chain drive type) in the conventional general size processing device, for example, 40 to 80 cutting tools are attached, so the height dimension is There are 1 m, a width dimension of 1 m, and a thickness direction dimension of 1 m. For this reason, the tool magazine 120 of the present embodiment has been considerably reduced in size.

  In addition to the chain drive type ATC device, there is a configuration including a disk-shaped lower tool post to which a large number of cutting tools can be attached. Generally, the lower tool post has a diameter of about 50 cm to 1 m. On the other hand, as described above, the tool magazine 120 of the present embodiment in which a cutting tool can be attached like the lower tool post has an outer diameter of about 108 mm. Similarly, the width dimension of the tool post 56 to which a cutting tool can be attached like the lower tool post is approximately the same as the diameter of the tool magazine 120.

  The size of the tool shank 60 described above is such that the diameter of the outer peripheral surface of the flange portion of the fitting groove 66 is 23.5 mm, and the diameter of the inner peripheral surface of the fitting groove 66 is 16 mm. On the other hand, the tool shank used in the ATC apparatus of the conventional general processing apparatus has a size of, for example, a large bottle size for beer. In addition, there is a configuration in which a motor for rotating the cutting tool is provided in an attachment portion to which the cutting tool is attached in the tool shank, which causes an increase in size. As apparent from the comparison with the conventional configuration, the tool shank 60 attached to the tool magazine 120 of the present embodiment is provided to be very small.

  In addition, the dimension of the tool magazine 120 and the tool shank 60 mentioned above is an example as what is suitable for desktop size, The value of the dimension is not restricted to the above-mentioned value. That is, if the dimension value is suitable for the desktop size, the above-described dimension value can be changed as appropriate.

  The operation (operation) of the processing apparatus 10 having the above configuration will be described below.

  First, the operation of attaching the workpiece 12 to the tool shank 60 will be described. In this case, the workpiece 12 attached to the tool shank 60 is a thin cylindrical member. First, the operator inserts the tool shank 60 into the shank insertion hole 92 of the jig 90. In this case, the tool shank 60 is inserted until the tip portion 63a of the pull rod 63 comes into contact with the pressing portion 101a of the pressing rod 101 (see FIG. 6). At this time, the locking portion 85 passes the ball escape groove 95 while pushing the ball 99 in the outer circumferential direction, and the tip guide portion 84 other than the locking portion 85 is positioned in the ball escape groove 95.

  At this time, the extraction cap 96 is inserted into the shank insertion hole 92 prior to insertion of the tool shank 60 into the shank insertion hole 92. Then, the locking portion 85 is inserted into the inner cylinder hole 97 while passing through the ball hole 98. The pushing rod 101 is inserted into the through hole 102 and the rod insertion hole 100 together with the insertion of the extraction cap 96 into the shank insertion hole 92.

  Subsequently, the extraction cap 96 is pulled from the rear end side of the shank insertion hole 92. Then, the ball 99 fitted in the ball hole 98 is pushed and comes out of the ball escape groove 95 and hits the locking portion 85. In this state, the pulling cap 96 is further pulled. As a result, the tip portion 63 a of the pull rod 63 strongly collides with the pressing portion 101 a of the pressing rod 101. Then, the locking portion 85 is pushed by the ball 99 and moves toward the rear end side of the shank insertion hole 92.

  Here, even if the distal end portion 63 a hits the pressing portion 101 a strongly, the pressing rod 101 does not move relative to the jig 90 because it is inserted into the through hole 102. Thereby, the front end guide portion 84 and the main body portion 61 provided integrally with the locking portion 85 move toward the rear end side of the shank insertion hole 92 as the ball 99 moves. As this movement proceeds, the tip portion 63a is pushed into the through hole 82 of the rod guide 65, as shown in FIG.

  At this time, the protrusion 73 compresses and contracts the spring 64, while the spring receiver 81 compresses the spring 64 in cooperation with the protrusion 73 while resisting the elastic force of the spring 64. That is, when the distal end portion 63 a hits the pressing portion 101 a and is further moved by the extraction cap 96, the distal end portion 63 a is pushed into the through hole 82 while resisting the elastic force of the spring 64.

  On the other hand, since the pull rod 63 does not move relative to the jig main body 91, the collet chuck 62 provided integrally with the pull rod 63 also does not move relative to the jig main body 91. For this reason, the state in which the outer peripheral surface of the holding portion 76 of the chuck claw 75 is in contact with the tapered surface 69a is released, and the chuck claw 75 slightly protrudes toward one end side (see FIG. 7). At this time, the chuck claw 75 is released from the state of being bent with elasticity against the collet base portion 77, and the inner diameter of the insertion hole 74 (the inner diameter of the left portion in FIG. 7) is expanded.

  Then, the workpiece 12 is inserted into the insertion hole 74 in a state where the insertion hole 74 is expanded. Thereafter, the pull-out cap 96 is pushed back toward one end side of the shank insertion hole 92 (left side in FIGS. 6 and 7). Thereby, the front-end | tip part 63a is open | released from the state pressed firmly on the pressing part 101a. At this time, the main body 61 and the lot guide 65 are pushed back by the force with which the spring 64 pushes the protrusion 73. Thereby, the tip portion 63a is again exposed from the through hole 82.

  Further, when the main body 61 returns to the original position by the restoring force of the spring 64 (travels to the left in FIG. 7), the chuck pawl 75 of the collet chuck 62 provided integrally with the pull rod 63 is also tapered. 69a is pressed against. As a result, the chuck claws 75 move in the direction of narrowing each other while resisting the elastic force to be expanded. As described above, when the inner diameter of the insertion hole 74 is narrowed, the work 12 is strongly held by the holding portion 76.

  As described above, the tool shank 60 holds the workpiece 12 in a state where the movement of the workpiece 12 in the thrust direction and the radial direction is restricted. Even when the workpiece 12 is removed from the tool shank 60, the tool shank 60 may be inserted into the shank insertion hole 92 in the same manner. However, since the procedure is common, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

  Subsequently, the operator pulls out the tool shank 60 from the jig 90 and removes it. Thereafter, the tool shank 60 with the workpiece 12 is attached in a state of being inserted from the insertion hole 38 of the tool attachment portion 37. Further, before and after attaching the tool shank 60, the operator holds the tool shank 60 with a cutting tool or a plurality of cutting tools having the same outer shape as the tool shank 60 on the tool holding portion 122 of the tool magazine 120. . In this case, when the operator pushes the fitting groove 66 of the cutting tool itself or the tool shank 60 with the cutting tool into the tool holding portion 122, the bending holding portion 124 is elastically deformed. , And the bending holding portion 124 tries to return. As a result, when the protrusion 123a and the protrusion root 123b are fitted into the recessed portion 66a of the fitting groove 66, the contact portion 124b presses the outer peripheral surface of the flange portion 66b and the outer periphery of the flange portion 66b is pressed against the pedestal portion 123c. The surfaces come into contact. In this way, a plurality of cutting tools are held in the tool magazine 120.

  Note that attachment and detachment of the cutting tool to / from the tool shank 60 is performed in exactly the same manner as attachment and detachment of the workpiece 12 except that the cutting tool is replaced with the cutting tool instead of the previous workpiece 12. Further, when the cutting tool is attached to the tool shank 60, the structure of the collet chuck 62 may be different.

  Next, the operation when the cutting tool held in the tool magazine 120 is inserted into the insertion hole (not shown) of the headstock 52 provided in the Y drive mechanism 50 will be described. First, in advance of the tool magazine, the tool shank 60 with the cutting tool or the specific tool holding unit 122 holding the cutting tool itself is at an appropriate angle for chucking by the rotation of the motor 113 or the like. 120 is rotated. Thereafter, a motor (not shown) is operated, and the support member 114 and the tool magazine 120 are moved toward one end side in the Z-axis direction (left side in FIGS. 1 and 2).

  Further, the motor 54 is operated in advance so that the insertion hole of the headstock 52 provided in the Y drive mechanism 50 is at a height position corresponding to the tool holding unit 122. In this state, the motor 41 is operated to move the headstock 52 toward one end side in the Y-axis direction. And if the headstock 52 advances a predetermined distance, the tool shank 60 with a cutting tool or the taper part 67 and tip part of cutting tool itself will be inserted in the insertion hole. When the tool shank 60 with the cutting tool or the cutting tool itself is securely held after the predetermined amount of insertion has progressed, a motor (not shown) is operated, and the tool magazine 120 and the support member 114 are moved to the Z axis. Retreat toward the other end in the direction. As a result, the tool shank 60 with the cutting tool or the cutting tool itself is detached from the tool holding portion 122, and the workpiece 12 can be cut.

  Here, when the cutting tool is a milling cutter (not shown), the X driving mechanism 40, the Y driving mechanism 50, and the Z driving mechanism 30 are driven while rotating the milling cutter while the rotation of the workpiece 12 is stopped. Let Thereby, triaxial machining can be performed on the workpiece 12. For example, after the workpiece 12 and the small-diameter milling cutter are set to appropriate positions by the operation of the Y driving mechanism 50 and the Z driving mechanism 30, the milling is directed to one end side in the X-axis direction by the operation of the motor 41. Can be drilled in the workpiece 12. It is also possible to drill a hole in the work 12 by attaching a drill to the headstock 52.

  It is also possible for the operator to perform cutting on the workpiece 12 using the tool 57 without holding the tool shank 60 with the cutting tool or the cutting tool itself in the tool magazine 120. In this case, in the same manner as described above, the work 12 is attached to the headstock 31, and a cutting tool 57 is inserted into the mounting groove 58 of the tool post 56, and the cutting tool 57 is fixed by a fixing tool (not shown).

  Thereafter, the motor 36 is driven, and the spindle 32 and the workpiece 12 are driven to rotate. In this state, the Z drive mechanism 30 and the Y drive mechanism 50 (X drive mechanism 40) are appropriately driven to press the cutting edge of the cutting tool 57 against the workpiece 12. Then, various adjustments such as outer diameter cutting, grooving, taper cutting, parting off, etc. are performed on the work 12 by operating the motor 41 to adjust the cutting amount or moving the work 12 by operating the motor 33. Can be cut.

  According to the processing apparatus 10, the tool shank 60, and the tool magazine 120 having such a configuration, the work is performed in three directions of XYZ by the operation of the Z drive mechanism 30, the X drive mechanism 40, and the Y drive mechanism 50, even though it is a desktop size. The workpiece 12 can be cut while changing the relative position between the workpiece 12 and the bite 57 or between the workpiece 12 and the milling cutter.

  In the present embodiment, the Z drive mechanism 30 and the X drive mechanism 40 are attached to the base 20, and the Y drive mechanism 50 is attached to the X drive mechanism 40. For this reason, the spindle 53 and the tool post 56 can be moved in the XY plane direction formed by driving the X drive mechanism 40 and the Y drive mechanism 50. Further, since the spindle 32 is moved in the Z direction by the Z drive mechanism 30, the workpiece 12 can be freely cut while changing the relative position between the workpiece 12 and the bite 57 or between the workpiece 12 and the milling cutter in three axis directions. Can be processed.

  Further, a tool post 56 to which a cutting tool 57 is attached and a spindle 53 to which a milling tool or a tool shank 60 is attached are integrally provided via a plate 51. Therefore, space saving can be realized as compared with the case where the tool post 56 and the spindle 53 are provided separately and independently. That is, it is possible to realize a multi-function machine having both functions of a milling machine having a milling machine and a lathe having a cutting tool 57 while saving space.

  Furthermore, the structure which hold | maintains the workpiece | work 12 using the tool shank 60 is employ | adopted. In this case, the state in which the chuck claw 75 is biased by the tapered surface 69a is released by pushing the tip portion 63a of the pull rod 63, and the insertion hole 74 can be easily expanded. Thereby, insertion of the workpiece | work 12 and removal of the workpiece | work 12 can be performed easily. In addition, when a cutting tool such as a milling cutter is held by the tool shank 60 instead of the workpiece 12, the cutting tool can be easily removed and the cost can be reduced by using common parts. Furthermore, if the outer shape of the cutting tool itself is the same as the outer shape of the tool shank 60, the tool shank 60 with the workpiece 12 and the cutting tool itself can be used in the same sense and are easy to handle, and the parts can be shared. As a result, cost reduction is achieved.

  Further, when the tip portion 63 a of the pull rod 63 is not pushed in, the chuck claw 75 is biased toward the tapered surface 69 a by the biasing force of the spring 64. As a result, the chuck pawl 75 moves to the inner diameter side of the hole 68 and the insertion hole 74 is narrowed. Therefore, when the workpiece 12 is inserted into the insertion hole 74, the workpiece 12 is sandwiched by the chuck claws 75, and the workpiece 12 can be securely held. Further, when the tool shank 60 is used for holding the cutting tool, the same effect occurs.

  Furthermore, the tool shank 60 can be attached to the spindles 32 and 53 of the processing apparatus 10 with the workpiece 12 held by the tool shank 60 described above. Therefore, for example, a small work 12 such as a micro part can be mounted outside the processing apparatus 10. As a result, the problem that occurs when the small work 12 is mounted inside the processing apparatus 10 such as dropping the work 12 and losing the work 12 does not occur. Further, since the cutting tool itself for processing the micro parts is also small, when the tool shank 60 is used for holding the cutting tool, problems such as loss will not occur.

  Further, since the tool shank 60 is attached to and detached from the processing apparatus 10 without removing the work 12, the work 12 is attached to the chuck of the processing apparatus that performs new processing again after the work 12 is removed from the chuck of the first processing apparatus. It is not necessary to do such things as holding. Therefore, even when the workpiece 12 is small, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of a minute positional deviation between the spindles 32 and 53 and the workpiece 12 as much as possible, and it is possible to perform cutting with high accuracy.

  A rod guide 65 having a through hole 82 is attached to the other end side of the main body 61. For this reason, the sliding of the pull rod 63 is favorably guided by the through hole 82 of the rod guide 65. Further, the pull rod 63 is inserted into the through hole 82 of the rod guide 65, and the tip portion 63 a of the pull rod 63 can protrude from the through hole 82. For this reason, if the distal end portion 63 a is pushed in, the pull rod 63 is pushed into the through hole 82 against the biasing force of the spring 64. Accordingly, the state in which the chuck pawl 75 is biased by the tapered surface 69a can be released, and the insertion and removal of the workpiece 12 and the like from the insertion hole 74 can be easily performed.

  Furthermore, a locking portion 85 is provided on the distal end side of the rod guide 65. For this reason, when the rod cap 65 and the taper portion 67 are inserted into the shank insertion hole 92 of the jig 90 and then the extraction cap 96 is moved toward the other end side of the shank insertion hole 92, By engagement with the stop portion 85, the rod guide 65 and the main body portion 61 can be moved toward the other end side. Accordingly, the pull rod 63 can be pushed into the through hole 82 by strongly pressing the tip portion 63 a against the pressing portion 101 a that does not move to the other end side of the shank insertion hole 92.

  A fitting groove 66 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the main body 61. For this reason, the tool shank 60 with the workpiece 12 can be held with respect to the tool magazine 120 via the fitting groove 66. Thereby, a large number of workpieces 12 can be processed continuously and automatically.

  Further, both the spindle 32 and the spindle 53 allow the tool shank 60 to be attached and detached. For this reason, the tool shank 60 with the workpiece 12 is attached to one of the spindles 32 and 53, and the tool shank 60 with the cutting tool or the cutting tool itself is attached to either of the spindles 32 and 53, for example, milling the workpiece 12. Drilling can be performed.

  Further, since the tool magazine 120 is used, a plurality of cutting tools (milling cutters) held in the tool shank 60 or cutting tools having the same outer shape as the tool shank 60 can be held in the tool holding portion 122 of the tool magazine 120. it can. For this reason, when the tool magazine 120 is attached to the ATC unit 110, the cutting tool itself or the tool shank 60 with the cutting tool can be sequentially replaced and mounted on the spindle 53, thereby realizing continuous cutting of the workpiece 12. It becomes possible. That is, it is possible to realize automatic machining of the workpiece 12.

  In addition to the tool holding portion 122, the tool magazine 120 includes a bending holding portion 124, so that the cutting tool itself (milling or the like) or the tool shank 60 with the cutting tool (milling or the like) is applied with a biasing force. It can be pressed and held securely in the holding state. In particular, since the tool magazine 120 is formed using a material having excellent spring characteristics, such as beryllium copper, the cutting tool itself or a tool with a cutting tool is provided between the tool holding portion 122 and the bending holding portion 124. The shank 60 can be clamped more favorably. Note that the tool shank 60 holding the workpiece 12 may be attached to the tool magazine 120. In this way, a large number of workpieces 12 can be continuously processed with a cutting tool such as a milling cutter attached to the spindle 32.

  Further, the tool holding part 122 of the tool magazine 120 is provided with a protruding part 123a, a protruding root part 123b, and a pedestal part 123c. Therefore, the projection 123a and the projection root 123b are fitted in the recess 66a of the fitting groove 66, and the outer peripheral surface of the flange 66b is brought into contact with the pedestal 123c, so that the tool shank 60 and the tool shank 60 are the same. When holding the external cutting tool, it is possible to prevent displacement. Thereby, the tool magazine 120 can favorably hold the tool shank 60 and the cutting tool having the same outer shape as the tool shank 60. Further, since the displacement is prevented, the workpiece 12 or the cutting tool can be reliably attached to or removed from the processing apparatus 10.

  Furthermore, the cutting edge of the cutting tool 57 attached to the tool post 56 and the central axis of the milling cutter attached to the spindle 53 are arranged on the same straight line along the Y axis when viewed from the front. For this reason, when switching between the milling for the workpiece 12 and the lathe machining for the workpiece 12, the switching time between the milling cutter and the cutting tool 57 can be shortened, and the working time in the cutting can be shortened.

  Moreover, since the cutting edge of the cutting tool 57 and the central axis of the milling cutter are arranged on the same straight line along the same Y axis, the cutting tool 57 or the milling cutter can be prevented from unnecessarily protruding with respect to the other. . Especially when viewed from the side other than when viewed from the front, when the cutting edge of the cutting tool 57 and the tip of the milling cutter are arranged on the same straight line in the Y axis, further unnecessary protrusion Can be suppressed. Thereby, downsizing of the processing apparatus 10 having a desktop size can be achieved.

  Moreover, since the compact processing apparatus 10 which can perform both a milling process and a lathe process as mentioned above can be implement | achieved, new needs, such as wanting to own the machine tool which can carry out a compound cutting process individually, for example, are met. Can be pioneered. In other words, the current market for machine tools is only for business use, but it is possible to expand the market for general consumers. Therefore, there is a possibility that a large market will be developed like a former computer, and the present invention is useful also in that respect.

  Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention can be variously modified in addition to this. This will be described below.

  In the above-described embodiment, the ATC unit 110 is provided with the tool shank 60 that holds the workpiece 12 and the tool shank 60 that holds the cutting tool (milling cutter) or the tool shank 60 with respect to the spindle 53 that exists in the Y drive mechanism 50. And is provided for attaching and detaching the cutting tool having the same outer shape. However, in addition to the spindle 53, the spindle 32 existing in the Z drive mechanism 30 is also similar to the ATC unit 110 described above in order to attach or detach the tool shank 60 or the cutting tool itself that holds the workpiece 12 or the cutting tool. An ATC unit may be provided. Further, an ATC unit similar to the ATC unit 110 described above may be provided only for the spindle 32 present in the Z drive mechanism 30.

  It should be noted that the ATC unit 110 for supplying the workpiece 12 and the cutting tool to the spindle 53 and the spindle 32 or a similar ATC unit can be attached to and detached from only the tool shank 60 for holding the cutting tool (milling), or the same as the tool shank 60. Only the external cutting tool may be attached or detached, or both may be mixed and attached. Further, the ATC unit 110 or a similar ATC unit is replaced with any two or three of the tool shank 60 that holds the workpiece 12, the tool shank 60 that holds the cutting tool, and the cutting tool having the same outer shape as the tool shank 60. It may be used for attaching and detaching. Such a usage method can also be applied to the spindle 53 and the spindle 32.

  In the above-described embodiment, the tool post 56 and the spindle 53 are integrally provided via the plate 51. However, a tool post similar to the tool post 56 may be provided integrally with the spindle 32 via, for example, a plate-like member similar to the plate 51. Further, only the spindle 32 may be provided with a tool post similar to the tool post 56 described above.

  In the above-described embodiment, the relative position of the cutting tool with respect to the workpiece 12 can be moved in the three-axis directions of XYZ. However, the relative position between the workpiece 12 and the cutting tool may be rotated between one direction and three directions in addition to the movement in the three axis directions. Further, it may be configured to move only in the biaxial direction.

  Further, in the above-described embodiment, the case where the spindle 32 and the spindle 53 are used as the first spindle and the second spindle, respectively, has been described. However, a configuration in which only one of the spindle 32 and the spindle 53 exists may be employed. Further, when the first spindle is used as the spindle 53 and the second spindle is used as the spindle 32, the spindle 32 can be moved in the X-axis or Y-axis direction other than the Z-axis direction. In addition, although the motors 36 and 55 are provided parallel to the headstocks 31 and 52 and separately, the motors 36 and 55 may be provided inside or in series with the headstocks 31 and 52.

  In the above-described embodiment, the Z drive mechanism 30, the X drive mechanism 40, and the Y drive mechanism 50 are used as the first drive mechanism, the second drive mechanism, and the third drive mechanism, respectively. However, the first drive mechanism may be the X drive mechanism 40 or the Y drive mechanism 50, the second drive mechanism may be the Y drive mechanism 50 or the Z drive mechanism 30, and the third drive mechanism may be the X drive mechanism. 40 or Z drive mechanism 30 may be used. Further, it may be used such that the support frame 24 is on the lower side instead of the base 20 on the lower side. That is, the Z axis may be perpendicular to the desk surface.

  Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the case where the pull rod 63 is used as the rod member has been described. However, the rod member may have any configuration as long as it is a rod-shaped member that slides integrally with the collet chuck 62. In the above-described embodiment, the case where the spring-like spring 64 is used as the urging means has been described. However, the biasing means is not limited to the spring 64, and any member may be used as long as it is a member that generates a constant biasing force, such as a leaf spring. Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the workpiece 12 is a columnar member. However, the workpiece 12 is not limited to the cylindrical member, and various workpieces 12 such as a quadrangular prism shape can be applied.

  In the above-described embodiment, a so-called desktop size (desktop size) processing apparatus is shown. However, each invention can be applied to a processing apparatus larger than the desktop size or a processing apparatus smaller than the desktop.

  The processing apparatus of the present invention can be used in industries that manufacture machine tools and industries that use machine tools. In particular, it is suitable when the installation space is limited, for example, the processing device needs to be a desktop size (desktop size).

It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the processing apparatus which concerns on the position embodiment of this invention. It is a side view which shows the state seen from the side of the processing apparatus of FIG. It is a front view which shows the state seen from the front of the processing apparatus of FIG. It is a top view which shows the state seen from the upper surface of the processing apparatus of FIG. It is a sectional side view which shows the structure of the tool chuck with which the headstock of the processing apparatus of FIG. 1 is mounted | worn. FIG. 6 is a side sectional view showing a state in which the tool chuck of FIG. 5 is inserted into a shank insertion hole of a jig. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the tool chuck of FIG. 5 is inserted into the shank insertion hole of the jig and the tip of the pull rod is pressed against the pressing portion of the pressing rod, and is a line perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. It is sectional drawing cut | disconnected by. It is a front view which shows the structure of the tool magazine with which the ATC unit of the processing apparatus of FIG. 1 is mounted. It is a fragmentary sectional view in the state where a tool shank was attached to the tool magazine of Drawing 8, (A) is a figure showing a section shape which meets an AA line, and (B) shows a section shape which meets a BB line. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

10 ... Processing device (table size processing device)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Worktable 12 ... Workpiece 20 ... Base 21 ... Upper surface part 22 ... Opening 30 ... Z drive mechanism (1st drive mechanism)
31, 52 ... head stock 32 ... spindle (first spindle)
33, 36, 41, 54, 55, 113 ... motor 37 ... tool mounting portion 38 ... insertion hole 40 ... X drive mechanism (third drive mechanism)
50 ... Y drive mechanism (second drive mechanism)
53 ... Spindle (second spindle)
56 ... Tool post 57 ... Bite (a type of cutting tool)
60 ... Tool shank (work holding member)
61 ... Main body 62 ... Collet chuck (chuck member)
63 ... Pull rod (rod member)
63a ... tip portion 64 ... spring (biasing means)
65 ... Rod guide (part of the mounting part)
66 ... fitting groove 67 ... taper part (part of mounting part)
68 ... Hole 69 ... Chuck insertion part 69a ... Tapered surface 74 ... Insertion hole 75 ... Chuck claw 84 ... Tip guide part 85 ... Locking part 101 ... Pushing rod 110 ... ATC unit (automatic exchange unit)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 111 ... ATC rotating shaft 120 ... Tool magazine 122 ... Tool holding part 123 ... Extending part 124 ... Deflection holding part 130 ... Control apparatus

Claims (10)

In desktop size processing equipment for cutting workpieces,
A first spindle for holding and rotating the mill for holding the workpiece or performing milling on the workpiece;
A first drive mechanism for moving the first spindle in a first direction along the axis of the first spindle;
A tool post for holding a tool for lathe machining on the workpiece,
A second spindle that is mounted in a state of moving integrally with the tool post, and that holds the milling cutter or the workpiece to rotate and drive the second spindle;
A second drive mechanism for moving the second spindle and the tool post in a direction perpendicular to the first direction and in a second direction along the axis of the second spindle; ,
A third drive mechanism for moving the second spindle and the tool post in a third direction perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction;
A desktop-size processing apparatus.   2. The first drive mechanism and the third drive mechanism are attached to a base, and the second drive mechanism is attached to the third drive mechanism. Desktop size processing equipment. A workpiece holding member is detachably provided on the first spindle or the second spindle, and the workpiece holding member is
It is possible to interpolate the workpiece, and as it goes from the other end side to the open end side at the one end side, a main body portion including a hole portion having a tapered surface whose inner diameter expands,
A rod member inserted into the hole;
By arranging the plurality of chuck claws in the radial direction, an insertion hole is formed at the center thereof, and the collet chuck is located closer to one end of the hole than the rod member and moves integrally with the rod member. When,
An urging means for applying an urging force to move the rod member and the collet chuck from one end side to the other end side with respect to the main body portion;
A mounting portion to be inserted into the insertion hole provided in the spindle;
Further, this work holding member is
The chucking claw is pressed against the tapered surface by the urging force applied by the urging means and moves toward the inner diameter side of the hole, and the insertion hole is narrowed by the movement, whereby the chuck claw is inserted into the insertion hole. As the workpiece is held,
By pushing the tip of the rod member, the state where the chuck pawl is biased to the tapered surface is released, and the workpiece can be attached and detached.
3. The desktop size processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the work is held by the first spindle or the second spindle through the work holding member. A rod guide having a through hole penetrating in the axial direction is attached to the main body portion on the other end side,
4. The desktop size processing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the rod member is inserted into the through hole, and a tip portion of the rod member protrudes from the through hole.   The front end side of the rod guide is provided with a locking portion that protrudes from the other part of the rod guide and can be locked to an external member. Item 5. A desktop-size processing apparatus according to Item 4.   The desktop-size processing apparatus according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein a fitting groove is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the main body portion over the entire circumference in the circumferential direction. The base is provided with an automatic exchange unit including a tool magazine capable of holding a plurality of milling cutters or a plurality of the workpiece holding members,
This tool magazine
A central portion having a bearing hole into which the rotating shaft is inserted;
A plurality of extending portions extending from the center portion and having a tool holding portion where the work holding member or the milling cutter is located,
A number of bending holding portions corresponding to the extending portions, extending from the center portion, and holding the work holding member or the milling cutter located in the tool holding portion with a biasing force; ,
Comprising
The automatic change unit can rotate the tool magazine about the second direction as a rotation axis, and can slide the tool magazine along the first direction. The desktop-size processing apparatus according to any one of 1 to 6.   8. The desktop-size processing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the tool magazine uses a single member made of a material having excellent spring characteristics. On the outer peripheral surface of the plurality of milling cutters or the plurality of workpiece holding members, a fitting groove is provided over the entire circumference in the radial direction, and the tool holding portion has a recessed portion of the fitting groove. A protrusion to be fitted, and a pedestal that contacts the flange portion of the fitting groove;
The tool magazine holds the work holding member or the milling cutter by pressing the outer peripheral surface of the flange portion in a state where the protrusion is fitted in the recess and the urging force is applied to the deflection holding portion. To
The desktop-size processing apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that   The cutting edge of the cutting tool attached to the tool post and the central axis of the milling cutter attached to the second spindle are provided on the same straight line along the third direction. 10. A desktop-size processing apparatus according to any one of items 9 to 9.

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