JP2006095989A - Screw excellent in abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance - Google Patents

Screw excellent in abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2006095989A
JP2006095989A JP2004287581A JP2004287581A JP2006095989A JP 2006095989 A JP2006095989 A JP 2006095989A JP 2004287581 A JP2004287581 A JP 2004287581A JP 2004287581 A JP2004287581 A JP 2004287581A JP 2006095989 A JP2006095989 A JP 2006095989A
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Prior art keywords
screw
chromium
coating layer
corrosion resistance
resistance
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Atsushi Fujiwara
藤原　　淳
Hidefumi Hisanabe
英史 久鍋
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IZUMO ZOKI KK
Proterial Ltd
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IZUMO ZOKI KK
Hitachi Metals Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/46—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould
    • B29C45/58—Details
    • B29C45/60—Screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/46—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould
    • B29C45/47—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould using screws
    • B29C45/50—Axially movable screw
    • B29C45/52—Non-return devices
    • B29C2045/526—Abrasion resistant means in the screw head or non-return device

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a screw, which has a film layer formed thereto, used in injection molding or extrusion molding and excellent in abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance. <P>SOLUTION: The screw for injection molding or extrusion molding is characterized in that the film layer based on chromium containing carbon is formed at least on the work surface of a screw main body. The film layer based on chromium formed on the work surface of the screw main body contains at least 0.01 mass% of carbon and is formed by plating. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明はプラスチック樹脂などの射出成形や押出成形に使用されるスクリュ（スクリュ、スクリュヘッド、チェックリングを総称し、以下代表してスクリュと記す）に係り、特に表面に皮膜層を形成した耐摩耗性、耐食性に優れたスクリュに関するものである。   The present invention relates to a screw used for injection molding or extrusion molding of plastic resin (screw, screw head, check ring are generically referred to as a screw hereinafter), and particularly wear resistance with a coating layer formed on the surface. It relates to a screw excellent in properties and corrosion resistance.

射出成形機では、加熱バンドヒータを外周に巻いたシリンダの内にスクリュを進退・回転自在に設けている。ホッパからシリンダ内に供給された樹脂材料は、バンドヒータからの熱エネルギと、スクリュの回転による剪断エネルギを受け、溶解しながら移送され、スクリュヘッドの前方に蓄えられる。次いで、スクリュの前進によりスクリュヘッドの前方に蓄えられた溶融樹脂は射出ノズルから射出され、金型のキャビティに充填される。そして、冷却固化させた後、金型を開いて成形品が取り出される。   In an injection molding machine, a screw is provided in a cylinder in which a heating band heater is wound around the outer periphery so as to be able to advance and retreat. The resin material supplied from the hopper into the cylinder receives heat energy from the band heater and shear energy generated by the rotation of the screw, is transferred while being melted, and is stored in front of the screw head. Next, the molten resin stored in front of the screw head by the advancement of the screw is injected from the injection nozzle and filled in the cavity of the mold. And after making it cool and solidify, a metal mold | die is opened and a molded article is taken out.

通常、スクリュフライトの外径とシリンダの内壁面との間のクリアランスは、スクリュの回転中に可塑化された溶融樹脂が逆流するのを極力抑えるように、約０.１〜０.５ｍｍと小さく設定されている。そのため、成形中に溶融樹脂の偏圧などによりスクリュに振れが発生すると、特にスクリュフライトの外径が摩耗しやすくなる。摩耗が進むとスクリュフライトの外径とシリンダの内壁面との間のクリアランスが大きくなり可塑化能力が低下するという問題がある。   Usually, the clearance between the outer diameter of the screw flight and the inner wall surface of the cylinder is as small as about 0.1 to 0.5 mm so as to suppress the reverse flow of the plasticized molten resin during the rotation of the screw. Is set. For this reason, when the screw is shaken during molding due to the uneven pressure of the molten resin, the outer diameter of the screw flight is particularly easily worn. As wear progresses, there is a problem in that the clearance between the outer diameter of the screw flight and the inner wall surface of the cylinder increases, and the plasticizing ability decreases.

そこで、これに対処して耐摩耗性を高めた従来の射出成形機用スクリュとして、サージェント浴などの工業用クロムめっき浴を用いて、金属材料からなるスクリュ本体の作業面に硬質のクロム層を析出させて硬質クロムめっきを施したものがある。硬質クロムめっきは、硬質で摩擦係数の低いクロム皮膜層が得られ、耐摩耗性を高めることができる。   Therefore, as a conventional screw for injection molding machines with improved wear resistance in response to this, an industrial chrome plating bath such as a Sargent bath is used, and a hard chrome layer is formed on the work surface of the screw body made of a metal material. Some are deposited and hard chrome plated. Hard chrome plating can provide a hard and low-coefficient chrome coating layer and can improve wear resistance.

また、耐摩耗性などに優れる表面皮膜層を形成したスクリュの先行技術として、例えば以下のものが挙げられる。   Moreover, the following is mentioned as a prior art of the screw which formed the surface film layer excellent in abrasion resistance etc., for example.

特許文献１には、射出成形または押出成形用のスクリュであって、スクリュ本体の作業面に少なくともニッケル−リン−タングステンからなる層が形成されているスクリュが記載されている。これによれば、最外層にニッケル−リン−タングステン皮膜を有する複合層からなるスクリュは、フッ酸水溶液に対する高い耐食性を有し、耐摩耗性が良好で、耐焼付性に優れた特性を有している。   Patent Document 1 describes a screw for injection molding or extrusion molding, in which a screw layer is formed with at least a layer made of nickel-phosphorus-tungsten. According to this, a screw composed of a composite layer having a nickel-phosphorus-tungsten film as the outermost layer has high corrosion resistance against hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution, good wear resistance, and excellent seizure resistance. ing.

特許文献２には、スクリュ本体が少なくとも重量％でＣ：０.５％以上、Ｃｒ：５％以上を含有する鋼からなる射出成形用または押出成形用のスクリュであって、スクリュ本体の作業面に少なくとも鉄クロム酸化物を主体とする酸化物層が形成されているスクリュが記載されている。これによれば、鉄クロム酸化物を主体とする酸化物層は、樹脂または樹脂に加えられる添加材に対して優れた耐食性を有するとともに、硬質の皮膜層は優れた耐摩耗性と耐焼付性を発揮させる。   Patent Document 2 discloses a screw for injection molding or extrusion molding made of steel containing at least% by weight of C: 0.5% or more and Cr: 5% or more. Describes a screw in which an oxide layer mainly composed of at least iron-chromium oxide is formed. According to this, the oxide layer mainly composed of iron-chromium oxide has excellent corrosion resistance with respect to the resin or the additive added to the resin, and the hard coating layer has excellent wear resistance and seizure resistance. To demonstrate.

特許第３２８５１８０号公報Japanese Patent No. 3285180 特開平９−３０２４５５号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-302455

従来のスクリュ本体の作業面に硬質クロムめっきを施したスクリュは、クロムを主体とするめっき皮膜層のビッカース硬度が８００〜９００Ｈｖ程度であり、シリカなどの硬質粒子あるいはガラスファイバーなどの添加材の入った強化樹脂などの難成形材料に対しては、耐摩耗性が未だ不十分であるという課題がある。   A conventional screw with a hard chromium plating on the working surface of the screw body has a Vickers hardness of about 800 to 900 Hv in the plating film layer mainly composed of chromium, and contains hard particles such as silica or additives such as glass fiber. For difficult-to-mold materials such as reinforced resins, there is a problem that the wear resistance is still insufficient.

また従来の硬質クロムめっきは、硬質クロム層にスクリュ本体である金属素地に達する縦クラックいわゆるチャンネルクラックが多数存在する。通常、従来の硬質クロムめっきを施したスクリュは、めっき処理後に研磨加工を行なって、表面を平滑な状態にして使用される。そこで、この研磨加工に際し、硬質クロム層の表面に塑性流動が起こってチャンネルクラックが閉塞される。   In the conventional hard chrome plating, there are many vertical cracks, so-called channel cracks, reaching the metal substrate as the screw body in the hard chrome layer. Usually, the conventional hard chrome plated screw is used after the plating treatment by polishing to make the surface smooth. Therefore, during this polishing process, plastic flow occurs on the surface of the hard chromium layer, and the channel cracks are closed.

しかしながら、高温下での射出成形を繰り返す間に、熱履歴の影響により硬質クロム層の表面で閉塞していたチャンネルクラックがやがて開口し、腐食の原因となる媒体がチャンネルクラックを通り金属素地に到達して腐食が発生しやすくなる。スクリュ本体が鋼系材料のように鉄基合金を金属素地とする場合は、錆が発生し、耐食性の低下が避けられないという問題がある。   However, during repeated injection molding at high temperatures, channel cracks that have been clogged at the surface of the hard chrome layer due to the influence of thermal history will eventually open, and the medium causing corrosion will reach the metal substrate through the channel cracks. Corrosion is likely to occur. When the screw main body is made of an iron-based alloy as a metal base like a steel-based material, there is a problem that rust is generated and the corrosion resistance is unavoidable.

また、特許文献１および２に記載の硬質皮膜は、スクリュ本体の作業面に直接形成させるより、密着性および耐食性を高めるために、中間層やスクリュ本体との界面に下地皮膜層を設けた複層構造にするのが望ましく、その分製作費が嵩みやすいという課題がある。   In addition, the hard coatings described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 are composites in which a base coating layer is provided at the interface with the intermediate layer or the screw body in order to improve adhesion and corrosion resistance, rather than directly forming on the work surface of the screw body. It is desirable to have a layered structure, and there is a problem that the manufacturing cost tends to increase accordingly.

本発明は、これらの課題に鑑みて耐摩耗性、耐食性に優れた皮膜層を形成したスクリュを提供することを目的とする。   An object of this invention is to provide the screw which formed the membrane | film | coat layer excellent in abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance in view of these subjects.

すなわち本発明の耐摩耗性、耐食性に優れたスクリュは、射出成形または押出成形用のスクリュであって、前記スクリュ本体の作業面に少なくとも、カーボンを含有するクロムを主体とする皮膜層が形成されていることを特徴とする。   That is, the screw excellent in wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the present invention is a screw for injection molding or extrusion molding, and a coating layer mainly composed of chromium containing carbon is formed on the working surface of the screw body. It is characterized by.

前記本発明において、スクリュ本体の作業面に形成されるクロムを主体とする皮膜層が、質量％でカーボンを０．０１％以上含有することを特徴とする。   In the present invention, the film layer mainly composed of chromium formed on the work surface of the screw body contains 0.01% or more of carbon by mass%.

また、スクリュ本体の作業面に形成されるクロムを主体とする皮膜層が、めっきによって形成されたことを特徴とする。   In addition, the coating layer mainly composed of chromium formed on the work surface of the screw main body is formed by plating.

また、スクリュ本体が鉄基合金からなることを特徴とする。   The screw body is made of an iron-based alloy.

本発明によれば、スクリュ本体の作業面に形成されるクロムを主体とする皮膜層は、カーボンを含有させることにより、ビッカース硬度が９００〜１０００Ｈｖ程度得られ、耐摩耗性を高めることができる。クロムを主体とする皮膜層中にカーボンを質量％で０．０１％以上含有させるのが好ましい。   According to the present invention, the coating layer mainly composed of chromium formed on the work surface of the screw main body can have a Vickers hardness of about 900 to 1000 Hv by containing carbon, and can improve wear resistance. It is preferable to contain 0.01% or more by mass of carbon in the film layer mainly composed of chromium.

本発明の皮膜層を形成させるには、めっき法、真空蒸着法、イオンプレーティング法およびスパッタリング法などが利用できるが、真空蒸着法、イオンプレーティング法、スパッタリング法は、皮膜形成処理時にスクリュ本体が加熱による熱変形や装置上の制約があるため、めっき法が実用的である。めっき法の場合、多価スルフォン酸あるいは有機酸を含有するクロムめっき液が使用できる。   In order to form the coating layer of the present invention, a plating method, a vacuum deposition method, an ion plating method, a sputtering method, and the like can be used. However, the vacuum deposition method, the ion plating method, and the sputtering method are performed during the film formation process. However, since there are thermal deformation due to heating and restrictions on the apparatus, the plating method is practical. In the case of the plating method, a chromium plating solution containing polyvalent sulfonic acid or organic acid can be used.

本発明の皮膜層の厚さは、１０〜２００μｍあれば十分に皮膜の役割を果たし得る。スクリュ本体が、クロムモリブデン鋼、ＳＣＭ４４０、マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼、ＳＵＳ４２０Ｊ２、非調質鋼など鉄基合金からなる場合、皮膜層との密着力が高まる。   If the thickness of the film layer of the present invention is 10 to 200 μm, it can sufficiently serve as a film. When the screw body is made of an iron-based alloy such as chromium molybdenum steel, SCM440, martensitic stainless steel, SUS420J2, or non-tempered steel, adhesion with the coating layer is increased.

スクリュ本体に相当する金属素地として、寸法が縦１０ｍｍ、横１０ｍｍ、厚み１０ｍｍのＳＣＭ４４０の供試材を用意した。   As a metal substrate corresponding to the screw body, a test material of SCM440 having dimensions of 10 mm in length, 10 mm in width, and 10 mm in thickness was prepared.

（実施例）
この供試材を用いて、多価スルフォン酸を含有するクロムめっき浴で、浴温６０℃、電流密度６０Ａ／ｄｍ2でめっき処理を行ない、供試材の表面にカーボンを含有するクロムを主体とする皮膜層を形成した。皮膜層の厚みは８０μｍであった。ＩＣＰによる分析の結果、クロムを主体とする皮膜層のカーボン含有量は０．０２質量％であった。また、皮膜層の硬さは９００Ｈｖであった。 (Example)
Using this test material, a chromium plating bath containing polyvalent sulfonic acid was used for plating at a bath temperature of 60 ° C. and a current density of 60 A / dm 2 , and the surface of the test material was mainly composed of chromium containing carbon. A coating layer was formed. The thickness of the coating layer was 80 μm. As a result of analysis by ICP, the carbon content of the film layer mainly composed of chromium was 0.02% by mass. Moreover, the hardness of the coating layer was 900 Hv.

図２は、本発明の実施例の断面を示す顕微鏡写真（倍率５００倍）である。図２において、スクリュ本体１の表面にカーボンを含有するクロムを主体とする皮膜層３が形成されている。皮膜層３中に存在する縦クラック５は、スクリュ本体１まで達するチャンネルクラックが認められなかった。縦クラック５がスクリュ本体１まで到達しないため、腐食が発生し難く耐食性を十分に確保できる。   FIG. 2 is a photomicrograph (magnification 500 times) showing a cross section of the example of the present invention. In FIG. 2, a coating layer 3 mainly composed of chromium containing carbon is formed on the surface of the screw body 1. In the longitudinal cracks 5 existing in the coating layer 3, channel cracks reaching the screw body 1 were not recognized. Since the vertical crack 5 does not reach the screw body 1, corrosion hardly occurs and corrosion resistance can be sufficiently secured.

（比較例）
同じＳＣＭ４４０の供試材を用いて、サージェント浴で、浴温６０℃、電流密度６０Ａ／ｄｍ2でめっき処理を行ない、供試材の表面にクロムを主体とする皮膜層を形成した。皮膜層の厚みは４０μｍであった。また、皮膜層の硬さは８００Ｈｖであった。 (Comparative example)
Using the same SCM440 specimen, plating was performed in a Sargent bath at a bath temperature of 60 ° C. and a current density of 60 A / dm 2 to form a coating layer mainly composed of chromium on the surface of the specimen. The thickness of the coating layer was 40 μm. Moreover, the hardness of the coating layer was 800 Hv.

図３は、比較例の断面を示す顕微鏡写真（倍率７５０倍）である。図３において、スクリュ本体１の表面にクロムを主体とする皮膜層４が形成されている。皮膜層４中にはスクリュ本体１に達する縦クラック５いわゆるチャンネルクラックが多数認められた。そのため、腐食の原因となる媒体がチャンネルクラックを通りスクリュ本体１に到達して腐食が発生しやすく耐食性に劣ることがわかる。   FIG. 3 is a photomicrograph (magnification 750 times) showing a cross section of the comparative example. In FIG. 3, a coating layer 4 mainly composed of chromium is formed on the surface of the screw body 1. In the coating layer 4, many vertical cracks 5 so-called channel cracks reaching the screw body 1 were observed. Therefore, it can be seen that the medium causing the corrosion passes through the channel cracks and reaches the screw body 1 to easily cause corrosion, resulting in poor corrosion resistance.

図１は本発明の実施例のスクリュを示す概略断面図である。図１において、スクリュフライト２を有するスクリュ本体１を鋼材料で作製した。そして、スクリュ本体１およびスクリュフライト２の表面にカーボンを含有するクロムを主体とする皮膜層３を形成した。このスクリュを実際の射出成形機に組み込んで射出成形した結果、従来の硬質クロムめっきを施したスクリュに比べ、耐摩耗性および耐食性を大幅に向上させることができた。   FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing a screw according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, a screw body 1 having a screw flight 2 was made of a steel material. Then, a coating layer 3 mainly composed of chromium containing carbon was formed on the surfaces of the screw body 1 and the screw flight 2. As a result of injection molding by incorporating this screw into an actual injection molding machine, it was possible to significantly improve wear resistance and corrosion resistance as compared with a conventional hard chromium plated screw.

本発明のスクリュは、耐摩耗性および耐食性に優れた特性を有しているので、可塑化能力の低下や腐食を抑えることができ、安定した射出成形または押出成形が可能となる。   Since the screw of the present invention has characteristics excellent in wear resistance and corrosion resistance, it is possible to suppress a decrease in plasticizing ability and corrosion, and stable injection molding or extrusion molding is possible.

本発明の実施例のスクリュを示す概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the screw of the Example of this invention. 本発明の実施例の断面を示す顕微鏡写真である。It is a microscope picture which shows the cross section of the Example of this invention. 比較例の断面を示す顕微鏡写真である。It is a microscope picture which shows the cross section of a comparative example.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ スクリュ本体、 ２ フライト、 ３ 皮膜層、 ４ 皮膜層
５ 縦クラック 1 Screw body, 2 Flight, 3 Coating layer, 4 Coating layer 5 Vertical crack

Claims (4)

射出成形または押出成形用のスクリュであって、前記スクリュ本体の作業面に少なくとも、カーボンを含有するクロムを主体とする皮膜層が形成されていることを特徴とする耐摩耗性、耐食性に優れたスクリュ。 A screw for injection molding or extrusion molding, which is excellent in wear resistance and corrosion resistance, characterized in that a coating layer mainly composed of carbon-containing chromium is formed on the working surface of the screw body. Screw. スクリュ本体の作業面に形成されるクロムを主体とする皮膜層が、質量％でカーボンを０．０１％以上含有することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の耐摩耗性、耐食性に優れたスクリュ。 The screw having excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance according to claim 1, wherein the coating layer mainly composed of chromium formed on the work surface of the screw body contains 0.01% or more of carbon by mass%. . スクリュ本体の作業面に形成されるクロムを主体とする皮膜層が、めっきによって形成されたことを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記載の耐摩耗性、耐食性に優れたスクリュ。 The screw having excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the coating layer mainly composed of chromium formed on the work surface of the screw body is formed by plating. スクリュ本体が鉄基合金からなることを特徴とする請求項１〜請求項３のいずれか１項に記載の耐摩耗性、耐食性に優れたスクリュ。 The screw body according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the screw body is made of an iron-based alloy.
JP2004287581A 2004-09-30 2004-09-30 Screw excellent in abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance Pending JP2006095989A (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH03205123A (en) * 1990-01-05 1991-09-06 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Surface treating process for screw for plastic molding machine
JPH073472A (en) * 1992-05-26 1995-01-06 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Surface treatment
JP2001073164A (en) * 1999-08-31 2001-03-21 Showa Denko Kk Metallic material in which oxidized passive film has been formed, formation of the oxidized passive film and die and parts in which the oxidized passive films have been formed

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH03205123A (en) * 1990-01-05 1991-09-06 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Surface treating process for screw for plastic molding machine
JPH073472A (en) * 1992-05-26 1995-01-06 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Surface treatment
JP2001073164A (en) * 1999-08-31 2001-03-21 Showa Denko Kk Metallic material in which oxidized passive film has been formed, formation of the oxidized passive film and die and parts in which the oxidized passive films have been formed

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