JP2006088004A - Desalinating apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electric type desalinating apparatus for removing electrostatically chargeable impurities from liquid to be treated by applying an electrophoresis action, which has a simple constitution, is provided with high heat resistance and pressure resistance, and realizes demineralization treatment even to high purity water under high temperature-high pressure. <P>SOLUTION: A pair of electrodes composed of a cathode electrode 7a and an anode electrode 7b are arranged oppositely to each other and fixed in a heat resistant-pressure resistant vessel 19 made of metal via an insulator. At least a pair of diaphragms 16a, 16b are arranged and fixed via insulators 29a, 29b, 30a, 30b so as to longitudinally cross the counter axes of the electrodes 7a, 7b. The diaphragms 16a, 16b form three flow passages A (a cathode liquid passage), B (a passage for the liquid to be treated), and C (an anode liquid passage) inside the heat resistant-pressure resistant vessel 19 in a direction longitudinally crossing the counter axes of the electrodes 7a, 7b. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention is used for a desalination apparatus in a condensate purification system for purifying condensate from a condenser installed in a power plant such as a nuclear power generation facility or a thermal power generation facility or a desalination treatment of various plants. The present invention relates to a desalting apparatus.

  In general, conventional nuclear power generation facilities operate the reactor with high reliability, remove impurities contained in the water of the primary coolant, and treat it with high-purity water to improve the integrity of the reactor internals. In order to keep it, condensate and purification of the water supply are carried out.

  A general system of a conventional nuclear power generation facility will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 3, reference numeral 51 denotes a nuclear reactor, and high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated in the nuclear reactor 51 is sent to a turbine 53 through a main steam pipe 52, where a turbine shaft is rotated to be connected to the generator. 54 is driven to generate power.

  The steam that has worked in the turbine 53 is cooled and condensed in the main condenser 55 to become condensed water, and is sent to the desalinator 59 through the air extractor 57 and the ground steam condenser 58 by the low-pressure condensate pump 56. It is done.

  In the desalting apparatus 59, charged impurities such as soluble metal ions, insoluble impurities (cladding) in the condensate, chloride ions at the time of seawater leak are removed by the loaded ion exchange resin, for example. The condensate is purified.

  Thereafter, the condensate is sent to the low-pressure feed water heater 61 by the high-pressure condensate pump 60, and further heated and boosted through the feed water pump 62 and the high-pressure feed water heater 63, and then supplied to the reactor 51 through the feed water pipe 64. Refluxed.

As a desalination apparatus used in the conventional nuclear power plant constructed in this way, in addition to the one using the above-described ion exchange resin, by applying an electric field to the water, fine particles contained in the water are on one electrode. There is also considered an electric desalination apparatus that removes the chargeable impurities by applying the electrophoretic action of moving to (for example, see Patent Document 1).
However, in such an electric desalting apparatus, it is necessary to consider an optimum electric field distribution in order to efficiently remove impurities.

Particularly in high-purity water, the electric conductivity is lowered, so that the change in electric field distribution greatly affects the removal of impurities.
For this reason, the reaction unit member constituting the desalination apparatus is made of an organic material such as insulating vinyl chloride or Teflon (trade name of DuPont).
JP 2003-190961 A

However, when a desalting apparatus is manufactured using an organic material, there exists a subject that it is inferior to the heat resistance with respect to high temperature / high pressure water, and pressure resistance.
For example, vinyl chloride has a heat resistance temperature of about 120 ° C. and Teflon has a heat resistance temperature of 230 ° C., but it is extremely inferior in strength.
Thus, in order to treat high-purity water under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions with an electric desalination apparatus, a structure having high functions of heat resistance, pressure resistance and insulation is required.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and has a simple structure, high heat resistance and pressure resistance, and can be desalted even for high-purity water under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. An object is to obtain a simple desalination apparatus.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, a desalination apparatus according to the present invention includes a metal heat-resistant pressure-resistant container, and an arrangement of the heat-resistant pressure-resistant container facing each other through an insulator, one being a positive electrode and the other being A pair of electrodes that are negative electrodes and an insulating material in the heat-resistant pressure-resistant vessel are arranged and fixed so as to cross the opposing axis of the opposed electrodes, and the heat-resistant pressure-resistant vessel contains a chargeable impurity. It is characterized by comprising at least a pair of diaphragms that form a flow path of the liquid to be treated, a flow path of the catholyte, and a flow path of the anolyte.

  According to the desalination apparatus of the present invention, a simple configuration, high heat resistance, pressure resistance, and desalting treatment can be performed on high-purity water under high temperature and high pressure conditions.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal front view showing a desalination apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a bottomed cylindrical lower heat-resistant pressure-resistant container (hereinafter simply referred to as a lower container) made of metal. ), 2 is a lid of a heat-resistant pressure-resistant container made of metal, and fastened to a flange portion 3 formed at one end opening edge of the lower container 1 with bolts 5a and nuts 5b at a plurality of locations via a packing 4. It is fixed.

6 is a filler sandwiched in a space between the lower container 1 and the lid 2 inside the packing 4.
As the material of the lower container 1 and the lid 2, metal materials such as stainless steel (hereinafter referred to as SUS), hastelloy, titanium, and the like are suitable because heat resistance, pressure resistance, corrosion resistance, workability, and the like are required.

SUS is desirable from the viewpoint of price and workability, but materials such as Hastelloy and titanium are also conceivable particularly when there is a strong demand for corrosion resistance.
In addition, the material of the packing material 4 needs heat resistance, pressure resistance, corrosion resistance, sealability, and the like, and the material of the filling material 6 needs heat resistance, pressure resistance, corrosion resistance, and the like. Similar metal materials can be used, but if the structure needs to be simplified, fluoride or inorganic materials can be considered. is necessary.

Reference numerals 7a and 7b denote a pair of electrodes provided in the lower container 1, which are arranged and fixed to face each other, one being the negative electrode 7a and the other being the positive electrode 7b.
Since the materials of the electrodes 7a and 7b are required to have heat resistance, corrosion resistance, non-eluting properties, etc., platinum group materials such as platinum, ruthenium, palladium, gold and platinum are desirable, but these are expensive. A base material such as titanium coated with a platinum group material may be applied.

  From the electrodes 7a and 7b, electrode terminal fittings 8a and 8b are drawn out through the holes 10a and 10b of the terminal portions 9a and 9b formed in a umbilical shape toward the outer periphery of the intermediate portion of the lower container 1.

  Screws 11a and 11b are formed on the outer periphery of the protruding portions of the terminal portions 9a and 9b, and cap-like fastening bolts 12a and 12b are screwed into the screws 11a and 11b. The electrode terminal fittings 8a and 8b pass through the formed holes 13a and 13b through the packings 14a and 14b, so that they are fixed in a watertight manner.

  Reference numerals 15a and 15b are packing materials filled between the terminal portions 9a and 9b and the electrode terminal fittings 8a and 8b inside the packings 14a and 14b, respectively, and insulate the lower container 1 from the electrode terminal fittings 8a and 8b. ing.

  Since the materials of the packings 14a and 14b and the filling materials 15a and 15b are required to have heat resistance, pressure resistance, corrosion resistance, sealing properties, insulating properties, etc., they are fluoride or inorganic materials having heat resistance against high-temperature water. Support material is suitable.

  Reference numerals 16a and 16b denote at least a pair of diaphragms arranged and fixed so as to vertically cross the opposing axes of the electrodes 7a and 7b in the lower container 1, and the electrodes 16a and 7b are placed in the lower container 1 by the diaphragms 16a and 16b. Three flow paths A (catholyte flow paths), B (treatment liquid flow paths), and C (anolyte flow paths) extending in a direction that crosses the opposing axis vertically are formed.

  The material of the diaphragms 16a and 16b is required to have heat resistance, corrosion resistance, denseness, and the like, and therefore metal materials such as SUS, titanium, and hastelloy are suitable. However, depending on the requirements for the eluate, ceramic materials, carbon-based materials, Alternatively, it is conceivable to use a fluoride-based material.

The flow paths A, B, and C are provided with inflow pipes 17A, 17B, and 17C and outflow pipes 18A, 18B, and 18C through the lid 2 and the lower container 1, respectively.
These inflow pipes 17A, 17B, and 17C and the outflow pipes 18A, 18B, and 18C are connected to a water system of an external plant through an insulating joint (not shown) through which a fluid can flow as necessary.

The electrode 7a, 7b and the diaphragms 16a, 16b constitute a reaction unit of a desalting apparatus, and this reaction unit is a heat-resistant and pressure-resistant container composed of a lower container 1 and a lid 2 through an insulator as described below. 19 is supported and fixed.
That is, between the inner surface of the lower container 1 and the negative electrode 7a and the positive electrode 7b, insulators 20a and 20b that insulate both are interposed.

  Insulators 21a, 22a, 21b, and 22b that insulate the negative electrode 7a and the positive electrode 7b from the lower container 1 and the lid 2 are disposed at the upper and lower ends of the negative electrode 7a and the positive electrode 7b, respectively.

  In the upper and lower ends of the flow path A, the catholyte 23 that flows in the flow path A, the lower container 1 and the lid 2 are insulated between the negative electrode 7a and the diaphragm 16a, and the catholyte 23 flows into the inflow pipe 17A and Cylindrical insulators 24a and 24b that can flow through the outflow pipe 18A are arranged.

  At the upper and lower ends of the flow path B, the liquid to be processed 25 flowing in the flow path B, the lower container 1 and the lid 2 are insulated between the diaphragms 16a and 16b, and the liquid to be processed 25 flows into the inflow pipe 17B and the outflow. Cylindrical insulators 26a and 26b that can flow through the pipe 18B are disposed.

  At the upper and lower ends of the flow path C, the anolyte 27 flowing through the flow path C, the lower container 1 and the lid 2 are insulated between the positive electrode 7b and the diaphragm 16b, and the anolyte 27 flows into the inflow pipe 17C and Cylindrical insulators 28a and 28b that can flow through the outflow pipe 18C are disposed.

At the upper and lower ends of the diaphragm 16a on the cathode side, insulators 29a and 29b that insulate the diaphragm 16a from the lid 2 and the lower container 1 are arranged between the diaphragm 16a and the lid 2 and the lower container 1.
Insulators 30a and 30b that insulate the diaphragm 16b from the lid 2 and the lower container 1 are disposed between the diaphragm 16b and the lid 2 and the lower container 1 at the upper and lower ends of the diaphragm 16b on the anode side. As described above, the reaction unit of the desalting apparatus is supported and fixed by the insulator in the heat and pressure resistant container 19 including the lower container 1 and the lid 2.

  Since these insulating materials are required to have heat resistance, corrosion resistance, insulation, etc., fluoride or inorganic materials having heat resistance against high temperature water can be used. It is necessary to check the strength and effluent.

Next, the operation of the desalting apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described.
An electric field is applied between the electrodes 7a and 7b in the heat and pressure resistant container 19 by applying a voltage from a power source (not shown) to the electrodes 7a and 7b through the electrode terminal fittings 8a and 8b.

  In this electric field, the catholyte 23 is contained in the flow path A through the inflow pipe 17A and the outflow pipe 18A, and the liquid to be treated 25 contains a chargeable impurity such as condensate in the flow path B through the inflow pipe 17B and the outflow pipe 18B. Then, the anolyte 27 is caused to flow into the flow path C through the inflow pipe 17C and the outflow pipe 18C.

The liquid 25 to be treated that passes through the electric field is separated by impurities such as soluble metal ions, insoluble impurities (cladding) contained in the liquid by electrophoretic action, and chloride ions when seawater leaks. 16a and 16b are passed through the negative electrode or the positive electrode, migrated in the catholyte 23 or anolyte 27 flowing through the flow path A or C, and removed from the liquid 25 to be treated.
The impurities separated and moved into the catholyte 23 or the anolyte 27 are discharged from the outflow pipes 18A and 18C together with the catholyte 23 or the anolyte 27, and the liquid to be treated 25 is purified.

  The reaction unit in the present embodiment, which is composed of the electrodes 7a and 7b and the diaphragms 16a and 16b, is supported and fixed in the heat and pressure resistant container by an insulator, so that the electric field applied from the electrodes leaks to the heat and pressure resistant container 19. In addition, the removal of impurities by the migration action is surely performed.

  In addition, the combination of the metal heat-resistant and pressure-resistant container 19 and the reaction unit makes it possible to use it in the system water of a high-temperature and high-pressure nuclear power plant of about 280 ° C. and about 70 atm. Desalting treatment is possible.

Furthermore, since the packings 4, 14a and 14b are disposed on the outermost side of the heat and pressure resistant container, the temperature applied to the packing is cooled by air cooling, so that thermal deterioration can be prevented.
Furthermore, since the filling members 6, 15a, 15b are disposed inside the packings 4, 14a, 14b, the amount of heat transferred from the reaction unit to the packings 4, 14a, 14b can be reduced, and the packings 4, 14a , 14b can be further reduced.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the schematic configuration diagram of FIG. In FIG. 2, the same parts as those in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
In the present embodiment, two sets of diaphragms 16a1, 16b1 and 16a2, 16b2 having different permeation particle sizes of impurities are disposed so as to be appropriately separated along the opposing axes of the electrodes 7a, 7b.

In this way, the impurities contained in the liquid to be treated 25 are not shaken by the diaphragms 16a1, 16b1 and 16a2, 16b2 depending on the size of the particle size, and impurities having different particle sizes can be separated and removed. .
The number of the diaphragms is not limited to two, and a plurality of diaphragms can be provided as necessary.

1 is a longitudinal front view showing a desalting apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. The schematic block diagram which shows the desalination apparatus by the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. General system diagram of conventional nuclear power generation equipment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Lower container, 2 ... Cover, 3 ... Flange part, 4 ... Packing, 5a ... Bolt, 5b ... Nut, 6 ... Filler, 7a ... Negative electrode, 7b ... Positive electrode, 8a, 8b ... Electrode terminal metal fitting, 9a , 9b ... terminal part, 10a, 10b ... hole, 11a, 11b ... screw, 12a, 12b ... fastening bolt, 13a, 13b ... hole, 14a, 14b ... packing, 15a, 15b ... filling material, 16a, 16b ... diaphragm, 17A-17C ... Inflow piping, 18A-18B ... Outflow piping, 19 ... Heat-resistant pressure vessel, 23 ... Catholyte, 25 ... Liquid to be treated, 27 ... Anolyte, 20a, 20b, 21a, 21b, 22a, 22b, 24a, 24b, 26a, 26b, 28a, 28b, 29a, 29b, 30a, 30b ... insulators.

Claims (7)

  A metal heat-resistant and pressure-resistant container, a pair of electrodes that are disposed and fixed facing each other through an insulator in the heat-resistant and pressure-resistant container, and one is a positive electrode and the other is a negative electrode, and is insulated in the heat-resistant and pressure-resistant container A flow path of a liquid to be treated containing a chargeable impurity in the heat and pressure-resistant vessel, a flow path of a catholyte, and an anode. A desalting apparatus comprising at least a pair of diaphragms forming a liquid flow path.   The desalination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heat and pressure resistant container comprises a bottomed cylindrical container and a lid fastened and fixed to one end opening of the container via a packing.   The desalination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the diaphragm includes a plurality of diaphragms having different permeation particle diameters of impurities passing through the flow path of the liquid to be treated.   The desalinating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a filling material is disposed between the container inside the packing and the lid.   The flow path of the liquid to be treated, the flow path of the catholyte, and the flow path of the anolyte in the heat and pressure-resistant vessel are connected to an external water system via an insulating joint through which fluid can flow. The demineralizer according to claim 1.   2. The desalinating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electrode material is one of a platinum group material or a titanium base material coated with a platinum group material. The desalination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the material of the diaphragm is at least one of a metal material selected from stainless steel, titanium, and Hastelloy, or a ceramic material.

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