JP2006065277A - Diffusing sheet, surface light source unit, and transmission type display - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a diffusing sheet, a surface light source device, and a transmission type display that can attain uniform illumination free from unevenness regardless of a position from which a display screen is observed. <P>SOLUTION: The diffusing sheet 14 that includes a diffusion lens array diffusing and emitting light formed on its light-emitting side and a convergent sheet 12 that has a plurality of unit shapes 121 having almost trapezoidal cross sections arrayed in a sheet surface direction and arranged on the side of cathode ray tubes 13 are provided between an LCD panel 11 and the cathode ray tubes 13. It is possible to attain the uniform illumination by diffusing illuminating light from the cathode ray tubes 13, and, at the same time, to converge the light serving as backlight to enhance optical efficiency. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a diffusion sheet, a surface light source device, and a transmissive display device using them, which are used for illumination of a liquid crystal display device or the like.

Various types of surface light source devices have been proposed and put into practical use as surface light sources for illuminating a transmissive liquid crystal display or the like from the back. The surface light source device mainly includes an edge light type and a direct type by converting a light source that is not a surface light source into a surface light source.
For example, in the direct type, light is introduced from the back using a parallel cathode ray tube, and a distance between the cathode ray tube and a light valve such as an LCD panel is appropriately spaced, and a diffusion plate is used between them. In combination, a plurality of sheets for converging light were used.
However, in such a conventional method, the convergence characteristic is insufficient for the large number of optical sheets required, and the LCD panel is improved to compensate for the incident light from an oblique direction. Also, the structure did not degrade the image quality.

However, this method has a problem in that the light use efficiency is reduced and the configuration of the LCD panel is complicated, resulting in an increase in cost.
In particular, in the direct type, the light intensity (luminance) depends on whether it is a part close to the cathode ray tube (whether it is a position close to the cathode ray tube or a position close to the gap part of the cathode ray tubes arranged in parallel). ) Is likely to be uneven. If the gap between the cathode ray tube and the LDC is made large in order to suppress this, there is a problem that the thickness of the display becomes thick. In addition, when the diffusion is increased or the transmission amount is limited in order to suppress unevenness, there is a problem that the amount of light used is reduced.

For example, in the surface light source devices described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, uniformity is maintained by providing a light-shielding portion (lighting curtain, light-shielding dot layer). In this method, the amount of light used is as described above. Decreased.
Also, a method using a sheet provided with lenticular lenses on both sides is reported, for example, in Patent Document 3, but this is a configuration for performing diffusion control in two directions and has no function of converging light. Therefore, there is a problem in that unevenness of brightness occurs depending on the position of observing the screen, because the optical axis varies for each location of the LCD depending on the positional relationship with the cathode ray tube.
JP 05-119703 A JP 11-242219 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-347613

  An object of the present invention is to provide a diffusion sheet, a surface light source device, and a transmissive display device that can perform uniform illumination without unevenness regardless of the position where the screen is observed.

The present invention solves the above problems by the following means. In addition, in order to make an understanding easy, although the code | symbol corresponding to the Example of this invention is attached | subjected and demonstrated, it is not limited to this.
The invention according to claim 1 is a diffusion sheet that is provided in a direct type surface light source device and diffuses and uniformizes the light emitted from the light source (13), and diffuses the light by diffusing at least on the emission side. A diffusion sheet (14, 24) characterized in that a lens array (141) is formed.

The invention according to claim 2 is the diffusion sheet according to claim 1, wherein the unit lens forming the diffusion lens array (141) is a part of a continuous elliptic cylinder whose major axis is orthogonal to the sheet surface, or The diffusion sheet (14, 24) is characterized in that a long axis is a part of a spheroid perpendicular to the sheet surface.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the diffusion sheet according to the second aspect, the long radius (0.12 mm) of the unit lens is 1.5 to 3 times the short radius (0.06 mm). This is a diffusion sheet (14, 24).
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the diffusion sheet according to any one of the first to third aspects, the width of the unit lens forming the diffusion lens array is W, the height is H, and the refractive index is N. The diffusion sheet (24) is characterized by satisfying arcsin (1 / N) <arctan (1 / ((2H / W) −0.1)).
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the diffusion sheet according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, between the unit lenses forming the diffusion lens array, a flat shape, a concave shape (242), A diffusion sheet (24) characterized in that any one of the fine irregularities is formed.
The invention according to claim 6 is the diffusion sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the diffusion sheet has a fine uneven shape having a function of diffusing light on the incident side. It is a sheet.
The invention according to claim 7 is the diffusion sheet (44-1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least a part thereof includes light diffusion fine particles. is there.
The invention according to claim 8 is the diffusion sheet according to claim 6 or claim 7, wherein the fine concavo-convex shape and / or the light diffusing fine particles are added to the light diffusion effect by the diffusion lens array (444-1). In addition, the diffusion sheet (44-1) is characterized by having a non-directional light diffusing action with a ½ diffusion angle of 70 degrees or less.
The invention according to claim 9 is the diffusion sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the diffusion sheet has two or more different layers, and the moisture absorption rate of the layer on the incident side is the emission side. It is a diffusion sheet characterized by being higher than the moisture absorption rate of the layer.

The invention of claim 10 is a surface light source device that illuminates the transmissive display unit (11) from the back, wherein the light source unit includes a plurality of light sources (13) arranged in parallel, and A surface light source device (12, 13, 14, 15) comprising the optical sheet (14) according to any one of the above items.
The invention of claim 11 is a surface light source device that illuminates the transmissive display unit (11) from the back, and is provided immediately after the light source unit in which a plurality of light sources (13) are arranged in parallel and the light source unit. A surface light source device (12, 13, 14, 15) comprising the optical sheet (14) according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
The invention of claim 12 is a surface light source device for illuminating the transmissive display section (11) from the back, wherein the light source section includes a plurality of light sources (13) arranged in parallel, and An optical sheet according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a diffusing lens array having a unit lens that is a part of one or a plurality of continuous elliptic cylinders whose major axis is orthogonal to the sheet surface is formed And an optical sheet (44-1, 44-2), wherein the optical sheet includes at least two optical sheets of the same or different types.
According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in the surface light source device according to the twelfth aspect, at least one set of the optical sheets (44-1, 44-2) is light from the diffusing lens array (444-1, 444-2). The surface light source device is characterized in that the directions of the diffusing action are arranged so as to be orthogonal to each other.
The invention of claim 14 is a transmission type comprising a transmission type display section (11) and the surface light source device (12, 13, 14, 15) according to any one of claims 10 to 13. It is a display device.

According to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) Since a diffusing lens array that diffuses and emits light is formed at least on the emission side, uniform illumination can be performed without reducing the light utilization rate.

(2) The unit lens forming the diffusing lens array is a part of a continuous elliptic cylinder whose major axis is orthogonal to the sheet surface, or a part of a spheroid whose major axis is orthogonal to the sheet surface. Therefore, the diffusion characteristics can be arbitrarily controlled as compared with the cylindrical surface or the spherical surface.

(3) Since the long radius of the unit lens is 1.5 to 3 times the short radius, an optimum diffusion sheet for uniform illumination without reducing light utilization efficiency Can do.

(4) Since arcsin (1 / N) <arctan (1 / ((2H / W) −0.1)) is satisfied, tube unevenness may not occur even when observed from an oblique direction. In addition, the light utilization efficiency can be increased.

(5) Since any one of a flat shape, a concave shape, and a fine concavo-convex shape is formed between the unit lenses forming the diffusing lens array, only the shape of the unit lens of the diffusing lens array is insufficient. While increasing the transmittance of incident light near an angle of 0 degrees, it is possible to provide an appropriate unevenness canceling action and an action of correcting and converging the emission direction. Moreover, the intensity | strength of a metal mold | die can also be raised.

(6) Since it has a fine concavo-convex shape having an action of diffusing light on the incident side, the diffusion characteristics can be further enhanced. Moreover, a non-directional diffusion effect can be given.

(7) Since the light diffusing fine particles are included in at least a part, the diffusion characteristics can be further improved. Moreover, a non-directional diffusion effect can be given.

(8) In addition to the light diffusing effect by the diffusing lens array, the ½ diffusion angle has a non-directional light diffusing action within 70 degrees, so that the effect of reducing unevenness can be obtained without increasing the number of sheets. it can.

(9) Since the moisture absorption rate of the layer on the incident side is higher than the moisture absorption rate of the layer on the emission side, even if it is dried from the light source side by the heat generated by lighting of the cathode ray tube 13, it does not protrude toward the emission side. It is possible to prevent a portion that is partially adhered to the optical sheet from being observed as unevenness.

(10) Since at least two optical sheets of the same or different types are arranged as the optical sheet, higher diffusion characteristics and uniform effects can be provided.

(11) Since at least one set of the optical sheets is arranged so that the direction of the light diffusing action by the diffusing lens array is orthogonal, the viewing angle can be adjusted independently in the two orthogonal directions. Further, since the light can be used without waste, the luminance of the obtained illumination light can be increased.

  The objective of uniform illumination without unevenness was realized without increasing the number of optical sheets.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing Example 1 of a transmissive display device according to the present invention.
In addition, each figure shown below including FIG. 1 is the figure shown typically, and the magnitude | size and shape of each part are exaggerated suitably for easy understanding.
The transmissive display device 10 in this embodiment includes an LCD panel 11, a converging sheet 12, a cathode ray tube 13, a diffusion sheet 14, a reflective polarizing sheet 15, and the like, and converts video information formed on the LCD panel 11 into a converging sheet 12. , A transmissive liquid crystal display device illuminated from the back by a surface light source device comprising a cathode ray tube 13, a diffusion sheet 14, and a reflective polarizing sheet 15.

The LCD panel 11 is a light valve formed by a so-called transmissive liquid crystal display element, and can display a 30-inch size and 800 × 600 dots. The direction along the longitudinal direction of the cathode ray tube 13 is used as the horizontal direction, and the direction in which the cathode ray tubes 13 are arranged is used as the vertical direction.
The cathode ray tube 13 is a line light source that forms a light source part of a backlight. In this embodiment, six cathode ray tubes 13 are arranged in parallel at regular intervals of about 75 mm.
A reflection plate (not shown) is provided on the back surface of the cathode ray tube 13, and the design makes it possible to make the incident light illuminance to each part of the screen uniform.
A diffusion sheet 14 is provided between the cathode ray tube 13 and the converging sheet 12. By providing the diffusion sheet 14, unevenness in luminance on the screen depending on whether or not the position is close to the cathode ray tube 13 is almost eliminated, and the convergence sheet 12 is reached.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the diffusion sheet 14.
The diffusion sheet 14 is a sheet that diffuses and uniformizes the light emitted from the cathode ray tube 13, and a diffusion lens array 141 that diffuses and emits the light is formed on the emission side. The diffusing lens array 141 is a lenticular lens in which a large number of continuous elliptic cylinders are arranged in parallel. The direction in which the diffusing lens array 141 is aligned corresponds to the direction in which the cathode ray tubes 13 are aligned (see FIG. 1).

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the diffusion sheet 14 taken along the S1-S2 cross section indicated by the arrow in FIG.
In the cross section shown in FIG. 3, the diffusing lens array 141 is an ellipse having a major radius of 0.12 mm and a minor radius of 0.06 mm, and its major axis is orthogonal to the sheet surface of the diffusing sheet 14, It arrange | positions so that it may become a pitch 0.1mm. Moreover, the thickness of the diffusion sheet 14 is 2 mm.
In this embodiment, the major radius of the ellipse of the diffusing lens array 141 is twice the minor radius, but this value (major radius / minor radius) is 1.5 to 3 times the cathode ray. This is desirable for preventing luminance unevenness caused by whether or not the portion is close to the tube 13.

  Table 1 shows a comparison of the occurrence of unevenness when the ratio of the major radius to the minor radius (major radius / minor radius) of the ellipse of the diffusing lens array 141 is changed. In the surface light source device shown in the present embodiment, since the occurrence of unevenness is difficult to confirm due to the presence of the converging sheet 12, the converging sheet 12 is omitted and the diffusion sheet 14 and the reflective polarizing sheet 15 are overlapped. Experiments were conducted with respect to the observed form and the form with another diffuser added between them. Here, the newly added diffuser plate is a milky white diffuser plate with a transmittance of 60%, and is disposed between the diffuser sheet 14 and the reflective polarizing sheet 15. In Table 1, ○ (circle) indicates a case where no unevenness occurs, Δ (triangle) indicates a case where slight unevenness can be confirmed, and x (cross) indicates clearly unevenness. It shows the case where has occurred.

As can be seen from Table 1, the ratio of the major radius to the minor radius of the ellipse of the diffuser lens array 141 (major radius / minor radius) is optimal to prevent unevenness, and other diffusion elements were added. In this case, unevenness can be prevented in the range of 1.5 to 3 times.
When the ratio of the major radius to the minor radius (major radius / minor radius) of the ellipse of the diffusing lens array 141 is small (such as 1 time), the position close to the cathode ray tube 13 becomes bright and the ratio is large (5 times). Etc.), the position close to the gap of the cathode ray tube 13 tended to be bright.
Further, the ratio of the pitch to the short radius (pitch / short radius) of the diffusing lens array 141 in this embodiment is 0.1 / 0.06 = 1.67. However, if this value is too small (the minor radius is too large), the shape of the lens surface will be close to a flat surface, and the lens effect of the diffusing lens array cannot be obtained sufficiently. The mold for molding the diffuser lens array is too sharp. Therefore, the ratio of the pitch (pitch / short radius) is preferably about 0.5 to 1.8.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a trajectory of light incident on the diffusion sheet 14 at an incident angle of 0 °.
In FIG. 4, among 11 rays incident at an incident angle of 0 °, 5 rays are emitted to the observation side, and 6 rays return to the light source side.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a trajectory of light incident on the diffusion sheet 14 at an incident angle of 20 °.
In FIG. 5, out of 11 rays incident at an incident angle of 20 °, 6 rays are emitted to the observation side, and 5 rays are returned to the light source side.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a trajectory of light incident on the diffusion sheet 14 at an incident angle of 40 °.
In FIG. 6, out of 11 rays incident at an incident angle of 40 °, 8 rays are emitted to the observation side, and 3 rays are returned to the light source side.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a trajectory of light incident on the diffusion sheet 14 at an incident angle of 60 °.
In FIG. 7, of 11 rays incident at an incident angle of 60 °, 10 rays are emitted to the observation side, and one ray returns to the light source side.

  As apparent from FIGS. 4 to 7, most of the light rays incident on the diffusion sheet 14 at a small incident angle are returned to the light source side, and light rays incident at a large incident angle are returned to the light source side. It can be emitted without. Since the diffusion sheet 14 has such an action, the illumination light emitted from the cathode ray tube 13 that passes through the diffusion sheet 14 has a small incident angle at a position close to the cathode ray tube 13, and therefore, toward the cathode line 13 side. The rate of return increases, and the rate of emission increases with increasing distance from the cathode ray tube 13 (approaching the gap between the parallel cathode ray tubes 13). Therefore, the illumination light emitted from the diffusion sheet 14 is made uniform.

Here, a method for manufacturing the diffusion sheet 14 will be described.
In the manufacturing method of the diffusion sheet 14 in the present embodiment, first, a lens film 141a in which the shape of the diffusion lens array 141 is shaped is manufactured.
FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram illustrating a manufacturing process of the lens film 141a. The manufacturing process of the two types of lens films 141a will be described with reference to FIG.
In FIG. 26, for easy understanding, the molds 301 and 304 are shown as an example in which the longitudinal direction of the diffusion lens array 141 is formed in a direction along the rotation center of the molds 301 and 304. However, this direction may be a direction along the rotational circumference of the mold, and such a case is preferable in terms of molding. FIG. 26 and FIGS. 27 and 28 to be described later are schematic views and are exaggerated, and the dimensional relationship such as the thickness of each layer is not limited to the relationship shown in the drawing.

  The method shown in FIG. 26A is a method called UV molding. First, a UV curable resin 143 is applied from a resin supply unit 302 onto a polycarbonate base film 142. The side coated with the UV curable resin 143 is wound around a mold 301 on which a female mold of the diffusing lens array 141 is formed. In this state, the UV curable resin 143 is cured by irradiating the UV light from the UV light source 303, whereby the lens film 141a having the shape of the diffusing lens array 141 is obtained.

  The method shown in FIG. 26B is a method called extrusion molding. First, the MS (methacryl-styrene) resin melted from the resin supply unit 306 is cooled while flowing between the mold 304 on which the female mold of the diffusion lens array 141 is formed and the roller 305, so that the diffusion lens array 141 can be cooled. The lens film 141a having a shape is obtained.

  Since only the lens film 141a obtained as described above has low strength and it is difficult to ensure flatness, in this embodiment, a transparent base material layer is integrated with the lens film 141a. By forming in this, the intensity | strength of the diffusion sheet 14 is raised and planarity is made high. As a method of integrating the base material layer with the lens film 141a, there are a method by adhesion and a method of integration (thermal lamination) when forming the base material layer.

FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating a method of adhering the lens film 141a to the base material layer. With reference to FIG. 27, two types of bonding steps between the lens film 141a and the base material layer will be described.
The method shown in FIG. 27A is a method for bonding the single-wafer-formed base material layer 145. A single substrate layer 145 having a required size is prepared in advance, and a UV curable resin 146 is applied on the substrate layer 145 from the resin supply unit 307. The lens film 141a and the base material layer 145 are integrated by irradiating the UV light from the UV light source 303 to cure the UV curable resin 146 in a state where the lens film 141a is placed on the surface coated with the UV curable resin 146. The diffused sheet 14 thus obtained can be obtained.

The method shown in FIG. 27B is a method in which adhesion is continuously performed with a UV curable resin downstream in sheet extrusion molding.
The MS resin 147 is supplied from the resin supply unit 308 between the extrusion rollers 309 and 310 to extrude a portion that becomes the base material layer 148. Simultaneously with the molding of the base material layer 148, the UV curable resin 149 is applied to the surface of the lens film 141a where the lenticular lens is not formed by the resin supply unit 312. Then, the UV curable resin 149 is bonded to one surface of the base material layer 148 immediately after molding after passing through the roller 311, and the UV curable resin 149 is cured by irradiating the UV light from the UV light source 303, so that the lens film 141 a and the base layer are cured. The diffusion sheet 14 integrated with the material layer 148 can be obtained.

FIG. 28 is a diagram showing a method of thermally laminating the lens film 141a when forming the base material layer.
The lens film 141 a is supplied together with the MS resin 150 between the extrusion rollers 314 and 315. At this time, the MS resin 150 is supplied from the resin supply unit 313 between the extrusion rollers 314 and 315 so as to be in contact with the surface of the lens film 141a where the lens is not formed, and the portion that becomes the base material layer is extruded. Then, the base material layer is heat laminated so as to be integrated with the lens film 141a to obtain the diffusion sheet 14.
According to the manufacturing method described above, the diffusion sheet 14 having high strength and good flatness can be manufactured stably and inexpensively.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing the converging sheet 12.
The converging sheet 12 is provided between the diffusion sheet 14 and the LCD panel 11 and is a sheet that converges and emits the diffused light emitted from the cathode ray tube 13 and further diffused by the diffusion sheet 14, and has a refractive index n = It is made of 1.55 resin.
On the cathode ray tube 13 side (incident side) of the converging sheet 12, a plurality of unit shapes 121 having a substantially trapezoidal cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the sheet surface are arranged on the cathode ray tube 13 side in the sheet surface direction. The unit shapes 121 extend while maintaining the same cross-sectional shape in a direction orthogonal to the direction in which they are arranged. The converging sheet 12 is arranged such that the direction in which the unit shape 121 extends coincides with the longitudinal direction of the cathode ray tube 13.

A converging lens array 123 is formed on the LCD panel 11 side (outgoing side) of the converging sheet 12. The converging lens array 123 is formed by arranging a plurality of unit prism shapes in the sheet surface direction in which the cross-sectional shape in the direction orthogonal to the sheet surface is an isosceles triangle (see FIG. 15) along the direction in which the unit shape 121 extends. Yes.
Therefore, in the converging sheet 12, the direction in which the unit shape 121 provided on the incident side extends and the direction in which the unit prism shape provided on the output side extends are arranged orthogonally.
In the convergence sheet 12 in this embodiment, the extending direction of the unit shape 121 coincides with the longitudinal direction of the cathode ray tube 13, and the extending direction of the unit prism shape of the converging lens array 123 is the longitudinal direction of the cathode ray tube 13. Although it arrange | positions so that it may orthogonally cross a direction, you may rotate arrangement | positioning of the convergence sheet | seat 12 90 degree | times within the sheet | seat surface of a present Example. That is, the direction in which the unit shape 121 extends is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the cathode ray tube 13, and the direction in which the unit prism shape of the converging lens array 123 extends coincides with the longitudinal direction of the cathode ray tube 13. Also good.
A more detailed description of the converging lens array 123 will be given later.

FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a cross section of the converging sheet 12 taken along the S3-S4 cross section indicated by an arrow in FIG. In the cross section shown in FIG. 9, the portion of the converging lens array 123 is a straight line, and can be regarded as a flat surface when tracing light rays in this cross section. Therefore, in the following description of FIGS.
The unit shape 121 has a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape as described above, and is formed so that the upper bottom portion protrudes toward the cathode ray tube 13 side.
In the unit shape 121 in this embodiment, the width of the upper bottom portion 121a is 80 μm, and the angle formed by the oblique sides 121b and 121c with the normal line of the convergence sheet 12 is 10 degrees. The pitch between adjacent unit shapes is 140 μm, and a flat portion 122 having a width of 20 μm parallel to the converging lens array 123 portion is formed between the unit shapes 121 arranged adjacent to each other. Note that the height of the unit shape 121 (the distance from the upper base to the portion corresponding to the lower base of the trapezoid) is determined by the other dimensions described above and is approximately 113 μm.

FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the unit shape 121.
The converging sheet 12 is provided so that light having a large incident angle with respect to the sheet surface is emitted from the emission surface with a small emission angle as much as possible (incident at an angle close to the vertical to the LCD panel 11). . For this purpose, a unit shape 121 is formed. The light ray A0 having a large incident angle incident on the upper bottom portion 121a of the unit shape 121 is refracted at the time of incidence to become the light ray A1, and reaches the oblique side portion 121c. The light ray A1 is totally reflected at the oblique side portion 121c to become the light ray A2, and its traveling direction is greatly corrected as compared with the light ray A0, and is emitted from the convergent lens array 123. Note that light rays A0 to A2 shown in FIG. 10 indicate a case where the emission angle of the light ray A2 is 0 degrees.

  Here, not all of the light incident on the converging sheet 12 is incident on the upper bottom 121a. If the light incident on the oblique side portion 121b is refracted after being incident and exits from the exit surface (converging lens array 123) as it is, it enters the LCD panel 11 at a larger incident angle than before passing through the converging sheet 12. However, it will enter. Therefore, the light incident on the oblique side portion 121b is totally reflected by the exit surface (converging lens array 123), returned to the direction of the cathode ray tube 13, and reused to improve the light utilization efficiency. Yes.

In order to increase the reuse rate of the light incident on the hypotenuse part 121b, the tilt angle θ of the hypotenuse part 121b (the angle formed between the normal of the converging sheet 12 and the trapezoid hypotenuse parts 121b and 121c of the unit shape 121) and the convergence. It is desirable to design so that the combination with the refractive index n of the sheet 12 satisfies the following formula (1).
sin (90−θ−arcsin (cos θ / n))> 1 / n Expression (1)
By satisfying this equation (1), even if a light beam perpendicularly incident on the converging sheet 12 is incident on the oblique side portion 121b as in the light beam B0 shown in FIG. In the lens array 123), the light is totally reflected and returned to the light beam B2, and is returned from the oblique side portion 121c toward the cathode ray tube 13 and can be reused.
In the convergence sheet 12 in the present embodiment, since the inclination angle θ of the oblique sides 121b and 121c is 10 degrees and the refractive index n is 1.55, when these are substituted into the above equation (1), the left side ≈ 0.650, Right side≈0.645, which satisfies the above expression (1).

  In addition, if the light incident on the oblique side 121b hits the other oblique side 121c, it is not totally reflected by the exit surface (converging lens array 123), and the light cannot be reused. As the dimension corresponding to the height of the trapezoid of the unit shape 121 increases, the light hitting the other hypotenuse part 121c after entering the hypotenuse part 121b increases. Therefore, in order to reduce the light that hits the other hypotenuse part 121c after entering the hypotenuse part 121b, the ratio obtained by dividing the height of the trapezoid of the unit shape 121 by the width of the upper base part 121a is 0.5 to 3. A range is desirable.

Determining the optimum value of the ratio of height to width is not easily determined because various conditions are involved depending on the design.
Here, if the height of the trapezoid is too high, light from the slope is totally reflected on the slope on the opposite side, and is emitted at a wide angle. On the other hand, if the height of the trapezoid is too low, the effect of converging light is reduced (particularly, the convergence with respect to incident light of 30 ° to 60 ° is deteriorated). Therefore, by setting the above ratio to 0.5 to 3, the convergence effect can be enhanced while maintaining an appropriate emission angle.
In the unit shape 121 in this embodiment, since the width of the upper bottom portion 121a is 80 μm and the height is 113 μm, 113/80 = 1.4125, which satisfies the above-described conditions.

With such a configuration, it is possible to reduce the light that hits the other hypotenuse part 121c after entering the hypotenuse part 121b. In this embodiment, a 20-degree incident light incident at an incident angle of 20 degrees with respect to the sheet is incident on the hypotenuse part 121b and refracted, and then the hypotenuse of a trapezoid of a unit shape that exists opposite the hypotenuse part 121b. The light reaching the portion (second oblique side portion) 121c is a light amount (simulation result) that is about 6% of the 20-degree incident light.
This ratio is preferably as small as possible, but a unit-shaped trapezoid that faces the opposite side of the hypotenuse part after 20-degree incident light incident on the sheet at an incident angle of 20 degrees is incident and refracted. If the light reaching the second hypotenuse is less than 20% of the incident light of 20 degrees, it is practically effective for use as a surface light source device. This is because the light viewed in the front view is up to about 20 ° in view angle, and the substantial light loss in the range can be reduced.

  Table 2 shows a trapezoidal hypotenuse of a unit shape that is opposed to the opposite side of the hypotenuse 121b after 20 degree incident light incident on the sheet at an incident angle of 20 ° is incident on the hypotenuse 121b and refracted. (Second oblique side) The ratio of the light reaching the 121c to the 20-degree incident light (the arrival rate of the 20-degree incident light to the oblique side 121c) and the incident angle within 20 degrees after passing through the diffusion sheet 14 and before passing through the main sheet It shows the relationship between the ratio of the light quantity within 20 degrees of the emission angle after passing through this sheet with respect to the light quantity.

  Also from the results of Table 2, as described above, after 20-degree incident light incident on the sheet at an incident angle of 20 degrees is incident on the oblique side and refracted, the unit exists opposite to the opposite side of the oblique side. It can be said that the light reaching the second hypotenuse of the trapezoidal shape is preferably 20% or less of the incident light of 20 degrees.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a ray tracing simulation result when parallel rays are incident on the converging sheet 12 of Example 1 at an incident angle of 10 degrees.
FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a ray tracing simulation result when parallel rays are incident on the converging sheet 12 of Example 1 at an incident angle of 30 degrees.
In the case of FIG. 11 where the incident angle is small, the light beam is refracted after being incident on the upper bottom portion 121a, but is emitted at the same angle, and the light beam incident on the oblique side portion 121b is returned to the light source side, It's being used.
In the case of FIG. 12 in which the incident angle is larger than that in FIG. 11, a light beam (C) whose emission direction is corrected is generated, and the effect of converging the light can be confirmed.

Here, the reason why the flat portion 122 is provided on the convergence sheet 12 will be described.
FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 are diagrams showing a ray tracing simulation result when a flat portion is not provided on the convergence sheet.
FIG. 13 shows the results when parallel rays are incident at an incident angle of 10 degrees, and FIG. 14 shows the results when parallel rays are incident at an incident angle of 30 degrees.
In carrying out the present invention, it is not essential to provide the flat portion 122, and a form as shown in FIGS. As far as FIG. 13 is seen, it can be said that there is not much difference in the effect compared to the result of FIG.

However, referring to FIG. 14, the light beam that has been incident on the oblique side and then totally reflected on the exit surface and then once emitted from the oblique side to the light source side is incident on the oblique side again and becomes stray light D. is there. The frequency of occurrence of such stray light can be greatly reduced by providing the flat portion 122 between the unit shapes as in this embodiment.
In addition, when trying to form a converging sheet as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the tip of the mold necessary for molding becomes sharp, and it becomes difficult to ensure the precision and strength of the mold. By providing this, such inconvenience can be avoided.

FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of the cross section of the converging sheet 12 taken along the S5-S6 cross section indicated by the arrow in FIG.
The cross-sectional shape of the convergent lens array 123 is a right-angled isosceles triangle.
The convergent lens array 123 can converge the emitted light by this unit shape.
Therefore, the converging sheet 12 converges the illumination light in a direction perpendicular to the cathode ray tube 13 due to the shape on the incident side, and converges the illumination light also in a direction parallel to the cathode ray tube 13 due to the shape on the emission side. Can do.

  The reflective polarizing sheet 15 is a sheet that is disposed between the LCD panel 11 and the converging sheet 12 and increases the luminance without narrowing the viewing angle. In this embodiment, DBEF (manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Limited) is used.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the luminance distribution in the vertical direction of the surface light source device in the present embodiment in comparison so that the effect of each sheet can be understood.
FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the luminance distribution in the horizontal direction of the surface light source device in this embodiment in comparison so that the effect of each sheet can be understood.
16 and 17, the characteristics of the surface light source according to the first embodiment are indicated by circles and solid lines.

(Effect of diffusion sheet 14)
The characteristics indicated by the triangle mark and the alternate long and short dash line are characteristics when the diffusion sheet 14 of the surface light source device of Example 1 is changed to a milk white diffusion sheet.
When the diffusion sheet 14 of this example is used, the luminance is increased in almost all angle directions as compared with the case using the milk white diffusion sheet. This is because the conventional milk white diffusion sheet has a high diffusion effect but also emits a lot of light in directions that cannot be used, and therefore the amount of available light is generally low, whereas the diffusion in this example In the sheet 14, the direction of emission of the illumination light from the light source can be appropriately changed in accordance with the incident angle, so that the light use efficiency can be increased while obtaining a necessary diffusion effect.
In addition, in any surface light source device using the milk white diffusion sheet or the diffusion sheet 14, there is no uneven brightness and non-uniform portions so that the position of the cathode ray tube 13 can be visually confirmed. The necessary diffusion effect was sufficiently obtained.

(Effect of unit shape 121 of trapezoidal cross section)
The characteristics indicated by the square mark and the broken line are obtained by omitting the unit shape 121 having a substantially trapezoidal cross-sectional shape provided on the side of the converging sheet 12 of the surface light source device of Example 1 and making the incident surface flat. This is the characteristic when changed to.
Since the unit shape 121 has an action of converging light in the vertical direction, the luminance in the vicinity of 0 to 30 degrees is increased in the vertical characteristic (FIG. 16). Further, in the horizontal direction (FIG. 17), the luminance near 0 degrees in the vertical direction is increased as described above, and naturally the luminance in the horizontal direction is shown at the position of the vertical angle of 0 degrees. However, the overall brightness has increased.

(Effect of the converging lens array 123)
The characteristic indicated by the diamond mark and the dotted line is that the converging lens array 123 provided on the LCD panel 11 side of the converging sheet 12 of the surface light source device of Example 1 is omitted, and the exit surface is This is the characteristic when the plane is changed.
Since the converging lens array 123 has a function of converging light in the horizontal direction, the overall luminance increases in the characteristics in the horizontal direction (FIG. 17). In the vertical direction, the luminance near the center is increased.

  According to the present embodiment, since the diffusion sheet 14 on which the diffusion lens array 141 that diffuses and emits light on the emission side is disposed immediately after the cathode ray tube 13, there is no unevenness regardless of the position on the screen. Uniform illumination can be performed, and light can be effectively used to improve overall brightness.

Example 2 is an example of a transmissive display device including a converging sheet 22 in which the unit shape 121 of the converging sheet 12 in Example 1 is improved to form a unit shape 221. Therefore, parts having the same functions as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is appropriately omitted.
FIG. 18 is an enlarged view of the cross-sectional shape of the converging sheet 22 in the second embodiment.
The unit shape 221 is based on the unit shape 121 of the first embodiment whose cross-sectional shape is a trapezoidal shape, and the shape of the upper bottom portion and the oblique side portion is improved.
Whereas the upper bottom portion 121a of the first embodiment is a flat surface, the upper bottom portion 221a of the second embodiment is a concave surface that is recessed toward the emission side. In the cross section shown in FIG. It is 100 μm. By making the upper bottom portion 221a concave as in the present embodiment, it is possible to increase the number of rays that strike the hypotenuse after entering the upper bottom portion 221a, thereby further enhancing the convergence effect.

The oblique side portion 121b (121c) of the first embodiment is a single plane, whereas the oblique side portion of the second embodiment is a combination of the two planes of the oblique side portions 221b and 221d (221c and 221e). Yes.
Light incident on the converging sheet 22 at a large incident angle reaches the hypotenuse after entering the upper bottom 221a. In this case, the incident angle on the hypotenuse (incident angle with respect to the hypotenuse) exceeds the critical angle. Otherwise, the light is emitted from the hypotenuse without being totally reflected by the hypotenuse and becomes stray light. In order to prevent this, in this embodiment, the oblique side portion 221e (and 221d) near the upper bottom portion 221a, which is the oblique side that the light incident on the convergence sheet 22 at a large incident angle reaches after reaching the upper bottom portion 221a. ) Is larger than that of the oblique side 221c (and 221b), and light emitted from the oblique side 221e (221d) is reduced.
Specifically, the inclination angles of the oblique sides 221b and 221c are 10 degrees as in the first embodiment, and the inclination angles of the oblique sides 221d and 221e near the upper bottom 221a are 18 degrees.

The boundary between the hypotenuse part 221b (221c) and the hypotenuse part 221d (221e) is located at a position of 19 μm from the part corresponding to the lower base to the trapezoid center part side, and the hypotenuse part 221d (221e) and the upper base part 221a The boundary is further located on the 15 μm trapezoidal center side. Thereby, the dimension corresponding to the height of the unit shape 221 is 153 μm.
The pitch between adjacent unit shapes is 193 μm, and also in this embodiment, the flat portion 222 is provided between the adjacent unit shapes 221 and the width is 25 μm.

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a ray tracing simulation result when parallel rays are incident on the convergence sheet 22 of Example 2 at an incident angle of 10 degrees.
FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a ray tracing simulation result when parallel rays are incident on the converging sheet 22 of Example 2 at an incident angle of 30 degrees.
Comparing these figures with FIGS. 11 and 12 of the first embodiment, by improving the upper bottom portion 221a, more rays hit the hypotenuse after entering the upper bottom portion 221a, and the convergence effect is higher. I understand that.

FIG. 21 is a luminance distribution diagram showing the effect of the convergence sheet 22 of the second embodiment in the vertical direction in comparison with the convergence sheet 12 of the first embodiment.
In FIG. 21, the curve represented by the alternate long and short dash line indicates the case where the convergence sheet 12 is not provided, the curve represented by the solid line indicates the case where the convergence sheet 12 of Example 1 is provided, and the curve indicated by the broken line is The case where the convergence sheet 22 of Example 2 is provided is shown.
The effect of the converging sheet 12 of Example 1 is that the diffused light converges, the emission angle is narrow, and the brightness of the converged portion is high, and the converging sheet 12 of Example 1 converges the light. I can confirm. When the broken line (Example 2) is compared with the solid line (Example 1), the convergence sheet 22 has a higher convergence effect than the convergence sheet 12.

According to the present embodiment, more light can be converged by making the upper bottom portion 221a concave.
In addition, since the inclination angle of the hypotenuse part 221e (and 221d) near the upper bottom part 221a is larger than that of the hypotenuse part 221c (and 221b), the light incident on the convergence sheet 22 at a larger incident angle is regarded as stray light. It can be converged without doing.
And by the effect of the diffusion sheet 14 by this invention, uniform illumination can be obtained irrespective of the position on a surface light source.

Example 3 is an example of a transmissive display device including a diffusion sheet 24 in which the shape of the diffusion lens array 141 of the diffusion sheet 14 in Example 1 is improved to form a diffusion lens array 241. Therefore, parts having the same functions as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is appropriately omitted.
FIG. 22 is an enlarged view of the cross-sectional shape of the diffusion sheet 24 in the third embodiment.
FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating a locus of light incident on the diffusion sheet 24 in the third embodiment.
The diffusing sheet 24 in Example 3 is formed with a diffusing lens array 241 having a shape corresponding to a part of an ellipse having a major radius of 0.12 mm and a minor radius of 0.06 mm in the cross section shown in FIG. Yes. The diffusing lens array 241 is arranged so that its major axis is orthogonal to the sheet surface of the diffusing sheet 24 and has a pitch of 0.09 mm, and is formed of an acrylic styrene copolymer having a refractive index N = 1.55. The thickness of the diffusion sheet 24 is 2 mm. The diffusion sheet may be formed using a UV curable resin. In that case, for example, an epoxy acrylate resin may be used.

In addition, a concave shape 242 that is a cylindrical surface with a radius of 0.050 mm that is concave on the LCD panel 11 side is formed between adjacent diffuser lens arrays 241. The concave shape 242 has an appropriate unevenness canceling action for incident light with an incident angle of near 0 degrees, and an action for correcting and converging the emission direction. Further, when a mold for molding the diffusion sheet 24 is produced, by providing a flat portion of about 2 μm to 5 μm in this portion, the strength of the mold can be increased and deformation of the mold can be prevented.
The diffusing lens array 241 of the present embodiment is designed to enhance the correction effect for incident light with an incident angle in the range of 30 to 50 degrees. Therefore, the incident angle is 0 with only the shape of the diffusing lens array 241. Although the transmittance of incident light near the angle decreases, the provision of the concave shape 242 increases the transmittance of the incident light near the incident angle of 0 degrees, while maintaining an appropriate unevenness canceling action and emission. The direction is corrected and converged.
Instead of the concave shape 242, a flat surface and a fine uneven shape may be provided.

If the diffusing lens array 241 has the above-mentioned shape, its height H is 0.035 mm. As described above, since the width W of the diffusing lens array 241 is 0.09 mm, these values satisfy the following expression (2).
arcsin (1 / N) <arctan (1 / ((2H / W) −0.1)) (2)
This equation (2) is an equation (2) for determining whether or not the light totally reflected at the position of 10% from the end of the lens valley is totally reflected at the top of the lens. Light reaches the top of the lens from various directions, but light coming from a certain direction is totally reflected in the valley between the diffusing lens array 241, and when it exits from the top, it proceeds in an oblique direction. When observed from an angle, it appears uneven. By satisfying this expression (2), unevenness can be prevented from being observed when observed from an oblique direction, and the light utilization efficiency can be increased.

If the shape does not satisfy Expression (2), the amount of emitted light at a large angle at the top and bottom of the screen increases, the efficiency is greatly reduced, and the emitted light is illumination light with a limited incident angle. Therefore, as a result, nonuniformity (tube nonuniformity) in which the position of the cathode ray tube is known is caused.
FIG. 24 is a diagram comparing the case where the expression (2) is satisfied and the case where the expression (2) is not satisfied. FIG. 24A shows the case of the present embodiment, and FIG. 24B shows the case where Expression (2) is not satisfied.
As shown in FIG. 24, if the expression (2) is not satisfied, the light totally reflected near the end of the diffusing lens array is emitted obliquely from the diffusion sheet, but if the expression (2) is satisfied, the light is diffused. The light totally reflected near the end of the lens array 241 is returned to the light source side and can be reused.

FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating a locus of light incident on the diffusion sheet 24 from the observer side.
As shown in FIG. 25, after passing through the diffusion sheet 24, the light scattered and reflected by the LCD panel 11, the convergence sheet 12, the reflective polarizing sheet 15, and the like returns to the diffusion sheet 24 toward the cathode ray tube 13 side. It can be used effectively by returning and reusing it or reflecting it by the diffusion sheet 24 and re-emitting it as illumination light.
According to the present embodiment, the light use efficiency can be further increased, and a surface light source having no unevenness even when viewed from an oblique direction can be obtained.

FIG. 29 is a diagram showing Example 4 of the transmissive display device according to the present invention.
In Example 4, instead of the converging sheet 12 and the diffusion sheet 14 in Example 1, diffusion sheets 44-1 and 44-2 are arranged.
The diffusion sheet 44-1 is a sheet that diffuses and uniformizes the light emitted from the cathode ray tube 13, and a diffusion lens array 444-1 that diffuses and emits the light is formed on the emission side. The diffusing lens array 444-1 is a lenticular lens in which a large number of continuous elliptic cylinders are arranged in parallel. The direction in which the diffusing lens array 444-1 is arranged coincides with the direction in which the cathode ray tubes 13 are arranged (see FIG. 29). The specific shape of the diffuser lens array 444-1 is the same as that of the diffuser lens array 141 in the first embodiment.

  Further, the resin forming the diffusion sheet 44-1 contains light diffusing fine particles. Furthermore, a fine uneven shape is formed on the incident surface of the diffusion sheet 44-1. Due to the light diffusing fine particles and the fine concavo-convex shape, the diffusion sheet 44-1 has a non-directional light diffusing action in addition to the light diffusing action by the diffusing lens array 444-1. In this embodiment, the light diffusion action has a ½ diffusion angle of 50 degrees. This non-directional light diffusing action has a function of reducing unevenness by giving a slight diffusion effect to the light source side. In addition to the light diffusing action provided by the diffusing lens array 444-1, if the omnidirectional light diffusing action provided is too much, the front luminance is drastically lowered. It is desirable to do.

The diffusion sheet 44-2 is provided between the diffusion sheet 44-1 and the reflective polarizing sheet 15, and the light emitted from the diffusion sheet 44-1 is a diffusion lens array 444-1 of the diffusion sheet 44-1. This is a sheet for diffusing light in a direction orthogonal to the diffusion direction due to, and making it uniform. In the diffusion sheet 44-2, a diffusion lens array 444-2 having the same shape as the diffusion lens array 444-1 included in the diffusion sheet 44-1 is formed on the emission side. However, the diffusion sheet 44-2 is arranged so that the direction of the light diffusion action of the diffusion lens array 444-2 is orthogonal to the direction of the light diffusion action of the diffusion lens array 444-1 in the diffusion sheet 44-1. . That is, in this embodiment, the direction in which the diffusing lens array 444-2 is arranged is orthogonal to the direction in which the cathode ray tubes 13 are arranged (see FIG. 29).
Further, the diffusion sheet 44-2 does not have the light diffusing fine particles contained in the diffusion sheet 44-1, and the fine unevenness shape formed on the incident surface, and therefore is non-directional. No light diffusion effect is added.

  In this embodiment, by arranging two diffusing lens arrays orthogonally, light can be controlled in two orthogonal directions, and light can be used without waste, so that the front luminance can be improved. In addition, by controlling the viewing angles in the two vertical and horizontal directions with separate diffuser lens arrays, a suitable viewing angle can be realized and the luminance can be improved. Furthermore, by providing a non-directional light diffusing action to the diffusion sheet 44-1, it is not necessary to separately provide a so-called bead diffusion plate or the like for preventing unevenness, and the luminance is improved while suppressing unevenness. Thus, the cost can be reduced.

(Modification)
The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various modifications and changes are possible, and these are also within the equivalent scope of the present invention.
(1) In each embodiment, the unit lens forming the diffusion sheets 14 and 24 is an example of a lenticular lens sheet that is a part of a continuous elliptic cylinder. It may be part of

(2) In each of the examples, the incident side of the diffusion sheets 14 and 24 is a flat surface. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, in order to provide further light diffusing action, fine unevenness is obtained by embossing or the like. A shape may be formed.

(3) In each example, the layer configurations of the diffusion sheets 14 and 24 and the converging sheet 12 are not particularly mentioned, but are dried from the light source side by the heat generated by the lighting of the cathode ray tube 13, and each sheet is bent. In the case where warpage or the like becomes a problem, for example, as a layer configuration of two or more layers, the moisture absorption rate of the incident side layer is higher than the moisture absorption rate of the emission side layer. When each sheet is molded, it has a substantially flat shape, and when it absorbs moisture, it becomes a convex shape toward the incident side, so that it does not become convex toward the emission side even if it is dried from the light source side by the heat generated by lighting of the cathode ray tube 13. You can also. Further, a spacer may be provided on the light source side.

(4) In each Example, although the diffusion sheet 14, 24, the convergence sheet 12 or 22, and the reflective polarizing sheet 15 were combined, the example which was set as the surface light source device and the transmissive display apparatus was shown, However, it is not restricted to this For example, the converging sheet 12 or 22 may be omitted, the reflective polarizing sheet 15 may be omitted, or a surface light source device combining various optical sheets and the diffusion sheet 14 other than these, and A transmissive display device may be formed.

(5) In the fourth embodiment, the diffusion sheets 44-1 and 44-2 have an example in which the shape of the diffusion lens array is the same. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, the pitch of one diffusion sheet is changed. Alternatively, it may be a diffusing lens array or a diffusing lens array composed of a set of plural types of unit lenses.
On the contrary, a plurality of identical diffusion sheets may be stacked one on top of the other.

(6) In Example 4, the example in which the direction in which the diffusion lens array 444-1 of the diffusion sheet 44-1 arranged near the cathode ray tube 13 is aligned with the direction in which the cathode ray tube 13 is aligned is shown. For example, the direction in which the diffusion lens arrays of the diffusion sheets arranged near the cathode ray tube 13 are arranged may be orthogonal to the direction in which the cathode ray tubes are arranged.

(7) In Example 4, although the example which arrange | positions the diffusion sheets 44-1 and 44-2 so that a mutual light-diffusion direction orthogonally crossed was shown, it is not restricted to this, For example, a light-diffusion direction becomes the same. You may arrange as follows. In this case, the light diffusion effect can be increased in the same direction.

It is a figure which shows Example 1 of the transmissive display apparatus by this invention. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a diffusion sheet 14. It is sectional drawing which cut | disconnected the diffusion sheet 14 by the S1-S2 cross section shown by the arrow in FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a locus of light that is incident on the diffusion sheet 14 at an incident angle of 0 °. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a locus of light incident on the diffusion sheet 14 at an incident angle of 20 °. It is a figure which shows the locus | trajectory of the light which injected with respect to the diffusion sheet 14 with the incident angle of 40 degrees. It is a figure which shows the locus | trajectory of the light which injected with respect to the diffusion sheet 14 with the incident angle of 60 degrees. It is a perspective view which shows the convergence sheet | seat 12. FIG. It is the figure which expanded the cross section which cut | disconnected the convergence sheet | seat 12 by the S3-S4 cross section shown by the arrow in FIG. It is a figure explaining the effect | action of the unit shape. It is a figure which shows the ray tracing simulation result when a parallel ray injects with the incident angle of 10 degree | times with respect to the convergence sheet | seat 12 of Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the ray tracing simulation result when a parallel ray injects with the incident angle of 30 degree | times with respect to the convergence sheet | seat 12 of Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows a ray tracing simulation result when a parallel ray injects with an incident angle of 10 degree | times when a flat part is not provided in a convergence sheet | seat. It is a figure which shows a ray tracing simulation result when a parallel ray injects with an incident angle of 30 degree | times when a flat part is not provided in a convergence sheet | seat. It is the figure which expanded the cross section which cut | disconnected the convergence sheet | seat 12 by the S5-S6 cross section shown by the arrow in FIG. It is the figure which compared and showed the luminance distribution of the perpendicular direction of the surface light source device in a present Example so that the effect of each sheet could be understood. It is the figure which compared and showed the luminance distribution of the horizontal direction of the surface light source device in a present Example so that the effect of each sheet | seat might be understood. It is the figure which expanded the cross-sectional shape of the convergence sheet | seat 22 in Example 2. FIG. It is a figure which shows the ray tracing simulation result when a parallel ray injects with the incident angle of 10 degree | times with respect to the convergence sheet | seat 22 of Example 2. FIG. It is a figure which shows the ray tracing simulation result when a parallel ray injects with the incident angle of 30 degree | times with respect to the convergence sheet | seat 22 of Example 2. FIG. It is a luminance distribution figure which shows the effect of the convergence sheet | seat 22 of Example 2 in the orthogonal | vertical direction compared with the convergence sheet | seat 12 of Example 1. FIG. It is the figure which expanded the cross-sectional shape of the diffusion sheet 24 in Example 3. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a locus of light incident on a diffusion sheet 24 in Example 3. FIG. It is the figure which compared and showed the case where the formula (2) is satisfied, and the case where it is not satisfied. It is a figure which shows the locus | trajectory of the light which injected into the diffusion sheet 24 from the observer side. It is a schematic diagram which shows the manufacturing process of the lens film 141a. It is a figure which shows the method of adhere | attaching the lens film 141a on a base material layer. It is a figure which shows the method of thermally laminating the lens film 141a at the time of formation of a base material layer. It is a figure which shows Example 4 of the transmissive display apparatus by this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Transmission type display apparatus 11 LCD panel 12,22 Converging sheet 121,221 Unit shape 121a, 221a Top bottom part 121b, 121c, 221b, 221c, 221d, 221e Oblique side part 122,222 Flat part 123,223 Converging lens array 13 Cathode ray tube 14, 24, 44-1, 44-2 Diffusion sheet 141, 241, 444-1, 444-2 Diffuse lens array 15 Reflective polarizing sheet 242 Concave shape

Claims (14)

A diffusion sheet that is provided in a direct type surface light source device and diffuses and uniformizes the light emitted from the light source,
A diffusing lens array for diffusing and emitting light at least on the emission side is formed;
A diffusion sheet characterized by The diffusion sheet according to claim 1,
The unit lens forming the diffusing lens array is a part of a continuous elliptic cylinder whose major axis is orthogonal to the sheet surface or a part of a spheroid whose major axis is orthogonal to the sheet surface. ,
A diffusion sheet characterized by The diffusion sheet according to claim 2,
The long radius of the unit lens is 1.5 to 3 times the short radius,
A diffusion sheet characterized by In the diffusion sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
When the width of the unit lens forming the diffusing lens array is W, the height is H, and the refractive index is N,
arcsin (1 / N) <arctan (1 / ((2H / W) −0.1))
Be satisfied,
A diffusion sheet characterized by In the diffusion sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
Between the unit lenses forming the diffuser lens array, either a flat shape, a concave shape, or a fine uneven shape is formed,
A diffusion sheet characterized by In the diffusion sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
Having a fine concavo-convex shape having the effect of diffusing light on the incident side;
A diffusion sheet characterized by In the diffusion sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
Containing at least a part of light diffusing fine particles,
A diffusion sheet characterized by In the diffusion sheet according to claim 6 or 7,
The fine uneven shape and / or the light diffusing fine particles have a non-directional light diffusing action with a ½ diffusion angle within 70 degrees in addition to the light diffusing effect by the diffusing lens array.
A diffusion sheet characterized by In the diffusion sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
It has two or more different layers, the moisture absorption rate of the incident side layer is higher than the moisture absorption rate of the emission side layer,
A diffusion sheet characterized by A surface light source device that illuminates a transmissive display unit from the back,
A light source unit in which a plurality of light sources are arranged in parallel;
The optical sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
A surface light source device comprising: A surface light source device that illuminates a transmissive display unit from the back,
A light source unit in which a plurality of light sources are arranged in parallel;
The optical sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which is provided immediately after being emitted from the light source unit,
A surface light source device comprising: A surface light source device that illuminates a transmissive display unit from the back,
A light source unit in which a plurality of light sources are arranged in parallel;
The optical sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a diffusing lens array having a unit lens that is a part of one or more continuous elliptic cylinders is formed. Sheet,
With
The optical sheet has at least two optical sheets of the same or different types arranged,
A surface light source device. The surface light source device according to claim 12,
At least one set of the optical sheets is disposed so that the direction of the light diffusion action by the diffusion lens array is orthogonal,
A surface light source device. A transmissive display;
A surface light source device according to any one of claims 10 to 13,
A transmissive display device.

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