JP2006061003A - Reductional disinfection method for soil - Google Patents
Reductional disinfection method for soil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2006061003A JP2006061003A JP2004243497A JP2004243497A JP2006061003A JP 2006061003 A JP2006061003 A JP 2006061003A JP 2004243497 A JP2004243497 A JP 2004243497A JP 2004243497 A JP2004243497 A JP 2004243497A JP 2006061003 A JP2006061003 A JP 2006061003A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- soil
- wheat bran
- granulated product
- mass
- disinfection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、土壌の消毒方法およびそれに用いる土壌消毒材に関する。より詳細には、本発明は、土壌環境や土壌面積などに左右されずに、良好な取り扱い性および作業性で、安全に実施することのできる土壌の消毒方法およびそれに用いる土壌消毒材に関する。本発明の消毒方法による場合は、安全性や環境汚染などの点で問題の多い土壌殺菌剤、土壌殺虫剤などの薬剤を使用せずに、更には経費のかかる土壌加熱装置などの使用を省略可能にしながら、良好な作業性で土壌を消毒して、土壌中の有害な微生物、昆虫、小動物などを死滅、防除して、土壌環境を植物の健全な生育に適したものにすることができる。 The present invention relates to a soil disinfecting method and a soil disinfecting material used therefor. More specifically, the present invention relates to a soil disinfecting method and a soil disinfecting material used therefor that can be safely carried out with good handling and workability without being influenced by the soil environment or soil area. In the case of the disinfecting method of the present invention, the use of a soil heating device or the like which is costly is omitted without using chemicals such as soil disinfectant and soil insecticide which are problematic in terms of safety and environmental pollution. While being able to disinfect the soil with good workability, kill and control harmful microorganisms, insects, small animals, etc. in the soil, making the soil environment suitable for the healthy growth of plants .
植物の生育にとって有害な土壌中微生物、土壌中昆虫やその幼虫、小動物を防除するために、従来、土壌殺菌剤や土壌殺虫剤などの薬剤が多用されてきた。しかしながら、これらの薬剤は、人や人以外の動物、植物などに対して有害なものが多く、また環境汚染の問題などがあり、かかる点から代表的な土壌消毒剤である臭化メチルの全廃が決定されている。 In order to control microorganisms in the soil that are harmful to the growth of plants, insects in the soil, their larvae, and small animals, agents such as soil fungicides and soil insecticides have been frequently used. However, many of these drugs are harmful to humans, animals other than humans, plants, etc., and there are problems of environmental pollution. From this point, the total elimination of methyl bromide, a typical soil disinfectant. Has been determined.
そこで、薬剤を用いる代わりに、土壌に未分解有機物を投入し、灌水して、土壌表面を被覆した状態で土壌に温湯を供給して土壌の消毒を行う方法が提案されている（特許文献１を参照）。しかしながら、この方法では、土壌に温湯を供給するためのパイプなどを設置する必要があり、そのため設備費が高くつき、低コストで簡単に土壌の消毒を行うことができない。しかも、温水供給管を設置した土壌部分しか消毒できず、消毒できる土壌の広さや地域などが限られ、広面積の土壌や任意域の土壌の消毒を行うことが困難である。 Therefore, instead of using a chemical, a method has been proposed in which undecomposed organic matter is introduced into the soil, watered, and hot water is supplied to the soil while the soil surface is covered to disinfect the soil (Patent Document 1). See). However, in this method, it is necessary to install a pipe or the like for supplying hot water to the soil, so that the equipment cost is high and the soil cannot be easily disinfected at a low cost. Moreover, only the portion of the soil where the hot water supply pipe is installed can be sterilized, and the area and area of the soil that can be sterilized are limited, making it difficult to disinfect a wide area of soil or an arbitrary area of soil.
また、米ぬか、ふすま及び糖質、並びに糸状菌及び細菌に対して抗菌活性を有する微生物を土壌中に混入した後、灌水処理を施して土壌病害を防除する方法が提案されている（特許文献２を参照）。しかしながら、この方法は糖質を必要とし、しかも適用し得る病害が特定のものに限られるため汎用性に欠ける。その上、この方法の実施に当たっては、米ぬか、ふすま、糖質、並びに糸状菌及び細菌に対して抗菌活性を有する微生物という少なくとも４種類の成分を使用する必要があり、そのため繁雑で作業性に劣り、しかもコストが高くなり易い。 In addition, a method has been proposed in which microorganisms having antibacterial activity against rice bran, bran and sugar, and filamentous fungi and bacteria are mixed in the soil, followed by watering treatment to control soil diseases (Patent Document 2). See). However, this method requires carbohydrates and lacks versatility because applicable diseases are limited to specific ones. In addition, when carrying out this method, it is necessary to use at least four kinds of components such as rice bran, bran, saccharide, and microorganisms having antibacterial activity against filamentous fungi and bacteria, so that it is complicated and inferior in workability. In addition, the cost tends to be high.
また、土壌中に有機物を投入して発酵させることによって、土壌中の有害微生物を駆除する方法が知られている。しかし、この方法においては、土壌中に投入した有機物の発酵が不十分であると有機物が分解されずに土壌中に残留し、それに伴って逆に病原菌などが増殖し、病害がむしろ拡大することが知られており、発酵が不十分になる原因として、土壌における低水分（水分不足）、土壌のアルカリ性化（高ｐＨ）などが指摘されている。 In addition, a method is known in which harmful microorganisms in soil are extinguished by introducing organic matter into the soil and fermenting it. However, in this method, if the fermentation of the organic matter input into the soil is insufficient, the organic matter remains in the soil without being decomposed, and concomitantly, pathogenic bacteria grow and the disease is rather expanded. As a cause of insufficient fermentation, low moisture in the soil (water shortage), alkalinity of the soil (high pH), etc. have been pointed out.
本発明の目的は、有害で、しかも環境汚染の問題などのある土壌殺菌剤や土壌殺虫剤などの薬剤を使用せずに、また土壌に温水を供給するためのパイプなどの特別の設備を使用しなくても、良好な取り扱い性および作業性で、安全に、且つ低コストで土壌中の有害な微生物を防除できる土壌の消毒方法、およびそのための土壌消毒材を提供することである。
さらに、本発明の目的は、土壌環境による制約が少なく、例えば、低水分や高アルカリ性の土壌であっても、良好な作業性で、安全に、低コストで土壌中の有害な微生物を防除できる土壌の消毒方法、およびそのための土壌消毒材を提供することである。
The object of the present invention is to use special equipment such as pipes for supplying hot water to the soil without using chemicals such as soil disinfectant and soil insecticide which are harmful and have problems of environmental pollution. It is an object to provide a soil disinfecting method and a soil disinfecting material therefor that can control harmful microorganisms in the soil safely and at low cost with good handling and workability.
Further, the object of the present invention is less restricted by the soil environment, and can control harmful microorganisms in the soil safely and at low cost with good workability even in low moisture or highly alkaline soil, for example. It is to provide a soil disinfecting method and a soil disinfecting material therefor.
上記の目的を達成すべく本発明者らは鋭意検討を重ねてきた。その結果、小麦フスマおよび／または末粉を造粒物の形態にし、その造粒物を土壌に混合して嫌気的に発酵させることにより、土壌が還元状態になり（還元化され）、その還元消毒作用によって土壌中の有害な微生物が防除され、且つ未分解の有機物が土壌に残留する問題も生じないことを見出した。
さらに、本発明者らは、小麦フスマおよび／または末粉からなる造粒物の発酵に伴う前記した還元消毒は、土壌環境によってあまり左右されず、アルカリ性土壌や低水分の土壌においても、また高温下でも円滑に行われることを見出した。
また、本発明者らは、小麦フスマおよび／または末粉からなる造粒物は、造粒されていない小麦フスマや末粉などに比べて、流動性および取り扱い性に優れるため、前記した土壌の消毒を極めて優れた取り扱い性および作業性で円滑に行えることを見出し、それらの種々の知見に基づいて本発明を完成した。
In order to achieve the above object, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies. As a result, the wheat bran and / or powder is made into a granulated form, and the granulated product is mixed with the soil and fermented anaerobically, so that the soil is reduced (reduced) and reduced. It has been found that harmful microorganisms in the soil are controlled by the disinfecting action, and there is no problem that undecomposed organic matter remains in the soil.
Furthermore, the present inventors have found that the above-mentioned reductive disinfection accompanying fermentation of a granulated product composed of wheat bran and / or powder is not greatly influenced by the soil environment, and also in alkaline soil and low moisture soil, I found out that it could be done smoothly under.
In addition, since the present inventors have a granulated product composed of wheat bran and / or powder, which is superior in fluidity and handleability compared to non-granulated wheat bran and powder, The present inventors have found that disinfection can be smoothly performed with extremely excellent handling and workability, and the present invention has been completed based on these various findings.
すなわち、本発明は、
（１） 小麦フスマおよび／または末粉から主としてなる造粒物を土壌に混合して発酵させ、還元状態にすることにより土壌を消毒することを特徴とする土壌の還元消毒方法である。
That is, the present invention
(1) A method for reducing and disinfecting soil, which comprises disinfecting soil by mixing a granulated product mainly composed of wheat bran and / or powder into soil and fermenting it to bring it into a reduced state.
そして、本発明は、
（２） 小麦フスマおよび／または末粉から主としてなる造粒物の最大サイズ部分の寸法が２〜２５ｍｍの範囲内で、最小サイズ部分の寸法が１〜１５ｍｍの範囲内である前記（１）の還元消毒方法；
（３） 小麦フスマおよび／または末粉から主としてなる造粒物を、土壌の質量に基づいて０．１〜５質量％の割合で土壌に混合して発酵させる前記（１）または（２）の還元消毒方法；および、
（４） 土壌の水分含量を２０質量％以上にして発酵させる前記（１）〜（３）のいずれかの還元消毒方法；
である。
And this invention,
(2) In the above (1), the size of the granule mainly composed of wheat bran and / or powder is within the range of 2 to 25 mm and the size of the minimum size is within the range of 1 to 15 mm. Reduction disinfection method;
(3) The granulated product mainly composed of wheat bran and / or powder is mixed with the soil at a ratio of 0.1 to 5% by mass based on the mass of the soil and fermented. Reductive disinfection method; and
(4) The reductive disinfection method according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the soil water content is 20% by mass or more and fermented;
It is.
さらに、本発明は、
（５） 小麦フスマおよび／または末粉から主としてなる造粒物よりなることを特徴とする土壌消毒材である。
Furthermore, the present invention provides
(5) A soil disinfectant comprising a granulated product mainly composed of wheat bran and / or powder.
本発明の土壌消毒方法による場合は、小麦フスマおよび／または末粉から主としてなる造粒物が、土壌中で速やかに嫌気的に発酵・分解されて、土壌が還元状態になり（還元化され）、その還元消毒作用によって土壌中の有害な微生物などを防除することができる。
本発明の土壌消毒方法は、土壌環境によってあまり左右されず、アルカリ性土壌や低水分の土壌に対しても有効であり、しかも高温下でも円滑に実施でき、土壌中の有害な微生物などを良好に防除することができる。
本発明で用いる小麦フスマおよび／または末粉から主としてなる造粒物は、造粒されていない小麦フスマや末粉などに比べて、流動性および取り扱い性に優れるため、前記した土壌の消毒を極めて優れた取り扱い性および作業性で円滑に行うことができる。
In the case of the soil disinfection method of the present invention, the granulated product mainly composed of wheat bran and / or powder is rapidly anaerobically fermented and decomposed in the soil, so that the soil is reduced (reduced). It is possible to control harmful microorganisms in the soil by its reductive disinfection action.
The soil disinfection method of the present invention is not so much affected by the soil environment, is effective for alkaline soils and low-moisture soils, can be carried out smoothly even at high temperatures, and can effectively remove harmful microorganisms in the soil. It can be controlled.
The granulated product mainly composed of wheat bran and / or powder used in the present invention is superior in fluidity and handleability as compared with wheat granule and powder that has not been granulated. It can be carried out smoothly with excellent handling and workability.
本発明で用いる小麦フスマおよび／または末粉から主としてなる造粒物は、動物用飼料などとして従来から用いられていて安全性に極めて優れている小麦フスマおよび／または末粉を用いて製造されたものであるため、本発明の消毒方法による場合は、安全性や環境汚染などの点で問題の多い土壌殺菌剤や土壌殺虫剤などの薬剤を使用せずに、また経費のかかる土壌加熱装置や土壌加熱用具など使用したり設置しない場合であっても、土壌の健全性を保ちながら、土壌の消毒を簡単に且つ安全に、低コストで行うことができる。
本発明の消毒方法を施した土壌では、土壌中の有害な微生物、昆虫、小動物などが死滅、防除されているので、植物を健全に生育させることができる。
本発明の消毒方法は、土壌に小麦フスマおよび／または末粉から主としてなる造粒物を土壌に混合するだけでよく、特別の設備や用具の使用を省略することが可能であり、そのため、土壌の種類や場所などに制約されず、任意の土壌に対して、例えば、畑、水田、公園、花壇、その他の現場の任意の土壌のある場所で、さらにはポットや苗床に充填して用いる土壌に対して、消毒処理を行うことができる。特に、本発明の消毒方法は、定期的に消毒が必要であるビニールハウスや温室中の土壌消毒に適している。
The granulated product mainly composed of wheat bran and / or powder used in the present invention is produced by using wheat bran and / or powder that has been conventionally used as animal feed and has excellent safety. Therefore, in the case of the disinfection method of the present invention, an expensive soil heating apparatus or a soil heating device without using chemicals such as soil disinfectant and soil insecticide, which are problematic in terms of safety and environmental pollution, Even when a soil heating tool or the like is not used or installed, soil disinfection can be easily and safely performed at low cost while maintaining the soundness of the soil.
In the soil subjected to the disinfection method of the present invention, harmful microorganisms, insects, small animals, etc. in the soil are killed and controlled, so that plants can be grown healthy.
In the disinfection method of the present invention, it is only necessary to mix a granulated product mainly composed of wheat bran and / or powder into the soil, and the use of special equipment and tools can be omitted. Regardless of the type and location of the soil, for any soil, for example, in fields, paddy fields, parks, flower beds, other places where there is any soil, and soil that is used by filling pots and nurseries In contrast, disinfection treatment can be performed. In particular, the disinfection method of the present invention is suitable for soil disinfection in greenhouses and greenhouses that require periodic disinfection.
以下に本発明について詳細に説明する。
本発明では、小麦フスマおよび／または末粉から主としてなる造粒物（以下「小麦フスマ等造粒物」ということがある）を土壌に混合して発酵させ、還元状態にすることにより土壌を消毒する方法である。
ここで、本発明における「土壌の消毒」とは、土壌中の有害な微生物、昆虫、小動物などを死滅させたり、衰退させて防除することを意味する。
本発明で用いる小麦フスマ等造粒物は、小麦粉を製造する際の副産物である小麦フスマおよび末粉のうちの少なくとも一方を主体する造粒物である。一般に、小麦フスマの方が末粉に比べて低価格で流通量も多いため入手が容易にあり、しかも含まれるミネラル分が多いことから、主として小麦フスマからなる造粒物であることが好ましい。
The present invention is described in detail below.
In the present invention, a granulated product mainly composed of wheat bran and / or powder (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “granulated product such as wheat bran”) is mixed with the soil, fermented, and reduced to a reduced state. It is a method to do.
Here, “soil disinfection” in the present invention means that harmful microorganisms, insects, small animals, etc. in the soil are killed or controlled by decaying.
The granulated product such as wheat bran used in the present invention is a granulated product mainly composed of at least one of wheat bran and powder, which are by-products when producing wheat flour. In general, wheat bran is preferably a granulated product mainly composed of wheat bran because it is cheaper and more easily distributed than powdered flour and is easily available and contains a large amount of minerals.
小麦フスマ等造粒物では、小麦フスマおよび／または末粉の含有量（小麦フスマと末粉の両方を含有する場合は合計含有量）が、乾物換算で（小麦フスマ等造粒物中の水分０％として）５０質量％以上であることが好ましく、６０質量％以上であることがより好ましく、８０質量％以上であることが更に好ましい。
小麦フスマ等造粒物において、小麦フスマおよび／または末粉の含有量が少ないと、小麦フスマ等造粒物を土壌に混合したときに、発酵が円滑に進行しにくい。
In the granulated product such as wheat bran, the content of wheat bran and / or powder (the total content when both wheat bran and powder are contained) is converted to dry matter (moisture content in the granulated product such as wheat bran). It is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more, and still more preferably 80% by mass or more.
In a granulated product such as wheat bran, if the content of wheat bran and / or powder is small, fermentation does not proceed smoothly when the granulated product such as wheat bran is mixed with soil.
小麦フスマ等造粒物は、小麦フスマおよび／または末粉を主体とする限りは、必要に応じて、澱粉質材料、骨粉、魚粉、フミン酸、廃糖蜜などの他の成分の１種または２種以上を少量成分として含有していてもよい。 As long as the wheat bran and / or powder is mainly used, the granulated product such as wheat bran is one or two of other ingredients such as starchy material, bone meal, fish meal, humic acid, and molasses as needed. You may contain the seed | species or more as a small component.
小麦フスマ等造粒物の水分含量は特に制限されないが、保存安定性（変質・腐敗防止）、取り扱い性（変形・崩壊防止）などの点から、小麦フスマ等造粒物の全質量に基づいて、水分含量が１４質量％以下であることが好ましい。
また、小麦フスマ等造粒物の水分含量は、混合する土壌中の水分含量、混合後の給水の有無などに応じて調整することができる。但し、土壌に混合する時点での小麦フスマ等造粒物の水分含量が高すぎると、土壌への混合時に小麦フスマ等造粒物の崩壊が生じて土壌への混合（散布・混合）が円滑に行われなくなり、一方小麦フスマ等造粒物の水分含量が少なすぎると土壌中での小麦フスマ等造粒物の発酵が円滑に行われなくなる。
The moisture content of the granulated product such as wheat bran is not particularly limited, but it is based on the total mass of the granulated product such as wheat bran in terms of storage stability (prevention of alteration / corruption) and handling (prevention of deformation / disintegration). The water content is preferably 14% by mass or less.
The moisture content of the granulated product such as wheat bran can be adjusted according to the moisture content in the soil to be mixed, the presence or absence of water supply after mixing, and the like. However, if the moisture content of the granulated product such as wheat bran at the time of mixing with the soil is too high, the granulated product such as wheat bran will collapse during mixing with the soil, and mixing (spreading / mixing) into the soil will be smooth. On the other hand, if the water content of the granulated product such as wheat bran is too small, fermentation of the granulated product such as wheat bran in the soil will not be performed smoothly.
本発明で用いる小麦フスマ等造粒物の形状としては、例えば、円柱形のペレット状、楕円体形のペレット状、角柱状、球状、立方体状などを挙げることができ、そのうちでも円柱形のペレット状であることが、製造の容易性などの点から好ましい。
また、小麦フスマ等造粒物は、多孔質構造を有していることが好ましく、多孔質構造であると土壌中でより速やかに発酵して、土壌の還元化（還元消毒）を促進することができる。
Examples of the shape of the granulated product such as wheat bran used in the present invention can include, for example, a cylindrical pellet shape, an ellipsoidal pellet shape, a prismatic shape, a spherical shape, a cubic shape, and the like, and among them, a cylindrical pellet shape. It is preferable from the viewpoint of ease of production.
In addition, the granulated product such as wheat bran preferably has a porous structure, and if it is a porous structure, it will ferment more rapidly in the soil and promote the reduction (reduction disinfection) of the soil. Can do.
小麦フスマ等造粒物の大きさは、その最大サイズ部分の寸法が２〜２５ｍｍの範囲内、特に３〜２０ｍｍの範囲内であり、最小サイズ部分の寸法が１〜１５ｍｍの範囲内、特に１〜１０ｍｍの範囲内であることが、小麦フスマ等造粒物の製造の容易性、小麦フスマ等造粒物の土壌への混合（散布）の容易性、土壌中での発酵のし易さ、土壌の還元化作用などの点から好ましい。
ここで、小麦フスマ等造粒物において、「最大サイズ部分」とは１個の小麦フスマ等造粒物における最もサイズの大きな部分（例えば造粒物の長さ、径、辺などのうちのサイズの最も大きな部分）をいい、また「最小サイズ部分」とは１個の小麦フスマ等造粒物における最もサイズの小さな部分（例えば造粒物の長さ、径、辺などのうちのサイズの最も小さな部分）をいう。例えば、小麦フスマ等造粒物が円柱形のペレットであるときに、ペレットの直径の方が長さよりも小さい場合は、「最大サイズ部分」はペレットの長さを、「最小サイズ部分」はペレットの直径を意味し、逆にペレットの直径の方が長さよりも大きい場合は、「最大サイズ部分」はペレットの直径を、「最小サイズ部分」はペレットの長さを意味する。
The size of the granulated product such as wheat bran is such that the size of the maximum size portion is within the range of 2 to 25 mm, particularly within the range of 3 to 20 mm, and the size of the minimum size portion is within the range of 1 to 15 mm, particularly 1 It is within the range of -10 mm, ease of production of a granulated product such as wheat bran, ease of mixing (spraying) the granulated product such as wheat bran on soil, ease of fermentation in soil, This is preferable from the viewpoint of the reduction action of the soil.
Here, in the granulated product such as wheat bran, the “maximum size portion” means the largest portion of the granulated product such as wheat bran (eg, the size of the length, diameter, side, etc. of the granulated product). The smallest part of a granulated product such as wheat bran (eg the length, diameter, side, etc. of the granulated product) Small part). For example, when the granulated product such as wheat bran is a cylindrical pellet, if the diameter of the pellet is smaller than the length, the "maximum size part" is the pellet length, and the "minimum size part" is the pellet On the contrary, when the diameter of the pellet is larger than the length, the “maximum size portion” means the diameter of the pellet, and the “minimum size portion” means the length of the pellet.
小麦フスマ等造粒物の製法は特に制限されず、従来から用いられている造粒装置、例えば、押し出し式ペレットマシーン、エキスパンダー、エクストルーダーなどの押し出し式造粒装置；圧縮造粒装置；転動式造粒装置などを用いて製造することができる。そのうちでも、造粒工程または造粒後に水蒸気の添加や湿熱蒸煮処理などを行って造粒用原料または造粒物を高温で加熱すると共に造粒物の多孔質構造化をもたらす造粒方法が好ましく採用される。小麦フスマ等造粒物の製造に当たっては、造粒用原料として、小麦フスマおよび／または末粉と共に、必要に応じて、前記した澱粉質材料、骨粉、魚粉、フミン酸、廃糖蜜などの他の成分の１種または２種以上を用いることができる。 The production method of the granulated product such as wheat bran is not particularly limited, and conventionally used granulators, for example, extrusion granulators such as extrusion pellet machines, expanders and extruders; compression granulators; rolling It can manufacture using a type | formula granulator. Among them, the granulation method or the granulation method for heating the granulation raw material or granulated material at a high temperature by adding water vapor or wet heat steaming after granulation and bringing the granulated material into a porous structure is preferable. Adopted. In the production of a granulated product such as wheat bran, as a raw material for granulation, together with wheat bran and / or powder, if necessary, other starchy materials, bone meal, fish meal, humic acid, molasses, etc. One or more of the components can be used.
特に、前記した高温での加熱を伴って製造された小麦フスマ等造粒物では、一般生菌に対する耐熱性菌（温度８０℃で２０分間加熱後に生存している菌）の含有割合が相対的に高くなっており、それによって該小麦フスマ等造粒物を土壌に混合して発酵させたときに、発酵温度が高くなっても菌が死滅することなく発酵が行われる。 In particular, in the granulated product such as wheat bran produced by heating at the above-described high temperature, the content ratio of heat-resistant bacteria (bacteria that survive after heating at a temperature of 80 ° C. for 20 minutes) relative to the general live bacteria is relatively Therefore, when the granulated material such as wheat bran is mixed with the soil and fermented, the fermentation is carried out without killing the bacteria even if the fermentation temperature rises.
土壌への小麦フスマ等造粒物の混合量は、土壌の種類、ｐＨ、土壌の含水量、土壌中に含まれることが予想される有害微生物の種類、小麦フスマ等造粒物の成分組成、粒径、多孔構造の有無などに応じて異なり得るが、一般的には、土壌の質量（外部から水分を供給する前の土壌質量）に対して０．１〜５質量％であることが好ましく、０．５〜２質量％以上であることがより好ましい。
小麦フスマ等造粒物の混合量が少なすぎると、小麦フスマ等造粒物の土壌中での発酵の程度が低く、土壌の消毒が十分に行われにくい。一方、小麦フスマ等造粒物の混合量が多くなり過ぎると、コストの上昇などを招き、場合によっては発酵不良を生ずることがある。
The amount of the granulated product such as wheat bran in the soil is the type of soil, pH, moisture content of the soil, the type of harmful microorganisms expected to be contained in the soil, the composition of the granulated product such as wheat bran, Although it may vary depending on the particle size, the presence or absence of a porous structure, etc., in general, it is preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass with respect to the mass of the soil (the mass of the soil before supplying moisture from the outside). More preferably, it is 0.5 to 2% by mass or more.
If the amount of the granulated product such as wheat bran is too small, the degree of fermentation of the granulated product such as wheat bran in the soil is low, and it is difficult to sufficiently disinfect the soil. On the other hand, if the amount of the granulated product such as wheat bran is too large, the cost is increased, and in some cases, poor fermentation may occur.
本発明では、土壌に小麦フスマ等造粒物を単独で混合してもよいし、更に微生物資材や他の成分を混合してもよい。小麦フスマ等造粒物と共に微生物資材を混合した場合は、小麦フスマ等造粒物の発酵がより促進されるため、土壌の還元化およびそれに伴う土壌の消毒を一層促進することができる。
その際の微生物資材としては、土壌に混合した小麦フスマ等造粒物を資化し得る能力を有していて、しかも土壌で生育させようとする植物に対して無害であり、人やその他の動物などに対しても無害で、土壌温度が上昇しても死滅しない微生物または該微生物を含有する資材であればいずれでもよい。
In the present invention, a granulated product such as wheat bran may be mixed alone in the soil, or microbial materials and other components may be further mixed. When a microbial material is mixed together with a granulated product such as wheat bran, fermentation of the granulated product such as wheat bran is further promoted, so that the reduction of the soil and the accompanying soil disinfection can be further promoted.
Microbial material at that time has the ability to assimilate granulated material such as wheat bran mixed with soil, and is harmless to plants that are trying to grow on the soil, and humans and other animals Any material may be used as long as it is harmless to the environment and does not die even when the soil temperature rises, or a material containing the microorganism.
そのうちでも、微生物資材としては、小麦フスマ等造粒物を資化することができ、且つ８０℃の温度で２０分間処理した後でも生存可能な無害な耐熱性菌を含有する資材、例えば該処理後でも前記耐熱性菌を微生物資材１ｇ当たり１０7ＣＦＵ（Ｃｏｌｏｎｉ Ｆｏｒｍｉｎｇ Ｕｎｉｔ）以上の割合で含有している微生物資材が好ましく用いられる。
前記した耐熱性菌の例としては、バチルス・サブチルス（Bacillus subtilis）、バチルス・コアギュランス（Bacillus coagulans）、バチルス・ステアロサーモフィラス（Bacillus stearothermophilus）などのバチルス属微生物、サーモアクチノミセス・ブルガリス（Thermoactinomyces vulgaris）、サーモモノスポーラ・カーバラ（Thermomonospora curvara）などの好温・好熱性の放線菌、フミコーラ・インソケンス（Humicola insokens）、タラロマイセス・デユポンティ（Talaromyces dupontii）などの好熱性の糸状菌などを挙げることができる。微生物資材は、これらの耐熱性菌の１種または２種以上を含有することができる。前記した耐熱性菌は、微生物製剤等として市販されており、市販のものをそのまま用いてもよい。また、場合によっては、前記した耐熱性菌を培養増殖して用いてもよい。これらの耐熱性菌の多くは、小麦フスマ等造粒物を分解する能力が高く、余分な酸素を迅速に消費して、土壌の還元化を促進することができる。
Among them, as a microbial material, a material containing harmless heat-resistant bacteria that can assimilate a granulated product such as wheat bran and can survive even after being treated at a temperature of 80 ° C. for 20 minutes, for example, the treatment Even later, a microbial material containing the heat-resistant bacteria at a rate of 10 7 CFU (Coloni Forming Unit) or more per 1 g of microbial material is preferably used.
Examples of the above-mentioned heat-resistant bacteria include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus stearothermophilus and other microorganisms such as Bacillus stearothermophilus, Thermoactinomyces bulgaris ( List thermophilic and thermophilic actinomycetes such as Thermoactinomyces vulgaris and Thermomonospora curvara, thermophilic filamentous fungi such as Humicola insokens and Talaromyces dupontii Can do. The microbial material can contain one or more of these heat-resistant bacteria. The aforementioned heat-resistant bacteria are commercially available as microbial preparations and the like, and commercially available ones may be used as they are. In some cases, the aforementioned thermostable bacteria may be cultured and grown. Many of these heat-resistant bacteria have a high ability to decompose granulated products such as wheat bran, and can rapidly consume excess oxygen and promote the reduction of soil.
土壌に小麦フスマ等造粒物と共に微生物資材を混合する場合には、微生物資材の混合量は、土壌１ｋｇに対して、前記した耐熱性菌の添加量が１０5ＣＦＵ以上、特に１０6ＣＦＵ以上になるような割合で用いることが好ましい。
ここで、本発明でいう耐熱性菌の前記したＣＦＵの値は、微生物資材を８０℃で２０分間処理した後に、３０℃の恒温槽内で標準寒天培地を用いて４８時間培養したときの、コロニー数をいい、その具体的な測定に当たっては、以下の試験例２における「（２）耐熱性菌数の測定：」と同じ測定方法により行う。
When microbial materials are mixed with soil and granulated materials such as wheat bran, the amount of microbial materials added is 10 5 CFU or more, especially 10 6 CFU or more, with respect to 1 kg of soil. It is preferable to use at such a ratio.
Here, the above-mentioned CFU value of the thermotolerant bacterium referred to in the present invention is obtained by treating the microbial material at 80 ° C. for 20 minutes and then culturing it in a constant temperature bath at 30 ° C. for 48 hours using a standard agar medium. The number of colonies is referred to, and the specific measurement is performed by the same measurement method as “(2) Measurement of the number of heat-resistant bacteria” in Test Example 2 below.
さらに、本発明の土壌消毒を行うに当たっては、小麦フスマ等造粒物と共に、必要に応じて、例えばバーミキュライト、パーライト、ゼオライト、ケイソウ土などの鉱物、土壌改良材、普通肥料、特殊肥料などを更に土壌に混合してもよい。 Furthermore, when performing soil disinfection of the present invention, together with granulated materials such as wheat bran, if necessary, for example, minerals such as vermiculite, perlite, zeolite, diatomaceous earth, soil improver, ordinary fertilizer, special fertilizer, etc. You may mix with soil.
本発明では、消毒の対象である土壌の種類は特に制限されず、例えば、通常の黒土、赤土、砂質土壌、粘土質土壌、それらの混合物からなる土壌、またｐＨでいうと、酸性土壌、中性土壌、アルカリ性土壌のいずれに対しても適用できる。 In the present invention, the type of soil to be disinfected is not particularly limited. For example, normal black soil, red soil, sandy soil, clay soil, soil composed of a mixture thereof, and acidic soil in terms of pH, It can be applied to both neutral and alkaline soils.
土壌の消毒に当たっては、土壌中に十分な水分を含有させた状態で小麦フスマ等造粒物を発酵させると、小麦フスマ等造粒物の発酵が円滑に行われて土壌の還元化が促進される。しかし、本発明で用いる小麦フスマ等造粒物は、造粒していない小麦フスマに比べて、保水能力が高く、多量の水分を小麦フスマ等造粒物中に保持することができるので、通常よりも水分含量の少ない土壌（例えば水分含量が２０〜３０質量％の土壌）の消毒にも有効である。
かかる点から、本発明の消毒方法を実施するに当たっては、土壌の水分含量を２０質量％以上、好ましくは２５質量％以上、より好ましくは３５質量％以上にするのがよい。
土壌の水分含量が元々多い場合は、水を加えずに、小麦フスマ等造粒物だけを混合するか、または小麦フスマ等造粒物と他の成分を混合して消毒処理を行うことができる。
また、土壌に水を加えて消毒を行う場合には、水分の供給は、小麦フスマ等造粒物を土壌に混合する前、混合と同時、または混合した直後のいずれの時点で行ってもよい。
なお、本明細書でいう「土壌の水分含量」とは、土壌の質量（元々の土壌の質量または給水後の土壌の質量）をＷ1、前記土壌を１０５℃で５時間乾燥したときの質量をＷ0としたときに、下記の数式（ｉ）から求めた値をいう。
土壌の水分含量（質量％）＝｛（Ｗ1−Ｗ0）／Ｗ1｝×１００ （ｉ）
For soil disinfection, fermenting a granulated product such as wheat bran with sufficient moisture in the soil facilitates the fermentation of the granulated product such as wheat bran and promotes soil reduction. The However, a granulated product such as wheat bran used in the present invention has a higher water retention capacity than a non-granulated wheat bran and can retain a large amount of water in the granulated product such as wheat bran. It is also effective for disinfection of soil having a lower water content (for example, soil having a water content of 20 to 30% by mass).
From this point, in carrying out the disinfection method of the present invention, the moisture content of the soil should be 20% by mass or more, preferably 25% by mass or more, more preferably 35% by mass or more.
If the water content of the soil is originally high, it is possible to disinfect by adding only the granulated product such as wheat bran or adding the granulated product such as wheat bran and other components without adding water. .
In addition, when disinfecting by adding water to the soil, the water supply may be performed before mixing the granulated material such as wheat bran into the soil, at the same time as mixing, or immediately after mixing. .
As used herein, the term “soil moisture content” refers to the mass of the soil (original soil mass or soil mass after water supply) W 1 , and the soil mass when dried at 105 ° C. for 5 hours. Is a value obtained from the following mathematical formula (i), where is W 0 .
Water content (% by mass) of soil = {(W 1 −W 0 ) / W 1 } × 100 (i)
土壌への小麦フスマ等造粒物の混合方法は特に制限されず、小麦フスマ等造粒物を土壌中に均一に混合し得る方法であればいずれの方法で行ってもよい。 The method for mixing the granulated product such as wheat bran into the soil is not particularly limited, and any method may be used as long as the granulated product such as wheat bran can be uniformly mixed in the soil.
本発明による土壌の消毒は、畑地、水田、公園、花壇などのような土壌が元々ある場所（現場）に出向いて行うことができる。その場合には、土壌を耕運機、鍬などで耕すと同時に、土壌に小麦フスマ等造粒物を混合するか、または場合によっては小麦フスマ等造粒物と共に微生物資材などの他の成分を混合することにより、土壌への小麦フスマ等造粒物等の混合作業を簡便に行うことができる。 The disinfection of soil according to the present invention can be performed by going to a place (site) where soil originally exists, such as a field, paddy field, park, flower bed. In that case, the soil is cultivated with a cultivator, a straw, etc., and at the same time, a granulated product such as wheat bran is mixed with the soil, or in some cases, other ingredients such as microbial materials are mixed with the granulated product such as wheat bran. By doing this, it is possible to easily perform the mixing operation of the granulated material such as wheat bran into the soil.
また、本発明による土壌の消毒は、土壌が元々ある畑地などの現場ではなくて、別途予め用意しておいた採取土壌や調整土壌などに対しても行うことができる。
その場合には、本発明の方法で消毒した土壌は、土壌中に含まれていた有害な微生物、昆虫類などの生物が死滅したり低減していて、植物の生育用土壌として有効に使用することができるので、有害生物の防除済みの土壌として、適当な容器に充填して流通、販売することもできる。
Moreover, the disinfection of the soil according to the present invention can be performed not on the field such as the field where the soil originally exists, but also on the collected soil or the adjusted soil prepared in advance.
In that case, the soil sterilized by the method of the present invention can be used effectively as soil for growing plants because organisms such as harmful microorganisms and insects contained in the soil have been killed or reduced. Therefore, the soil can be distributed and sold in a suitable container as pest-controlled soil.
本発明による土壌消毒法では、発酵熱による温度上昇が見込めるため、土壌温度を上昇させるための特別な設備や部材などを用いずに行うことができる。しかし、場合によっては、消毒効果を高めるために、消毒期間中に温度上昇策を講ずることもできる。例えば、発酵熱の見込めない場合に、ビニールハウスの閉め切りやシート被覆などの太陽熱による温度上昇策などを採用することが好ましい。
土壌温度が４０℃以上であると、本発明による土壌消毒をより効果的に行うことができる。
In the soil disinfection method according to the present invention, a temperature increase due to fermentation heat can be expected, so that the soil disinfection method can be performed without using special equipment or members for increasing the soil temperature. However, in some cases, in order to enhance the disinfection effect, it is possible to take measures for increasing the temperature during the disinfection period. For example, when the heat of fermentation cannot be expected, it is preferable to adopt a measure for raising the temperature by solar heat, such as closing a greenhouse or sheet covering.
The soil disinfection by this invention can be performed more effectively as soil temperature is 40 degreeC or more.
以下に実施例などにより本発明について具体的に説明するが、本発明は以下の例により何ら限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples and the like, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
《製造例１》［小麦フスマペレットの製造］
市販の精選小麦フスマ（日清製粉株式会社製）２００ｋｇに、飽和水蒸気を５ｋｇ／ｈｒの割合で吹き込みながら混合したものをペレットマシーン（上田鉄鋼株式会社製「ＰＭ−２００」）に供給し、孔径３ｍｍのダイスからストランド状に押し出した後、長さ約１０ｍｍに切断して、直径約３．２ｍｍ、長さ約１０ｍｍの円柱形の小麦フスマ造粒物（ペレット）にし、これを乾燥して小麦フスマペレット（水分含量１３．４質量％）を製造した。
<< Production Example 1 >> [Production of wheat bran pellet]
A mixture of 200 kg of commercially available fine wheat bran (Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd.) mixed with saturated steam blown at a rate of 5 kg / hr is supplied to a pellet machine ("PM-200" manufactured by Ueda Steel Co., Ltd.). After being extruded in a strand form from a 3 mm die, it was cut to a length of about 10 mm to form a cylindrical wheat bran granule (pellet) having a diameter of about 3.2 mm and a length of about 10 mm, which was dried to produce wheat A bran pellet (water content 13.4% by mass) was produced.
《試験例１》［水分保持能力の測定］
（１） 上記の製造例１で製造した小麦フスマペレットおよび製造例１で用いた市販の精選小麦フスマ（日清製粉株式会社製）（未造粒）のそれぞれを約５ｇずつ採取し、それぞれを、下部に穴（孔径１ｍｍ）が約２ｍｍ間隔であいた容器（直径６０ｍｍ）に入れ、容器の下に水分を含ませた布または紙を敷き、容器の穴を通して小麦フスマペレットおよび小麦フスマのそれぞれに吸水させた。十分に吸水させた後、下記の数式（ii）により吸水直後の水分含量を測定した。その結果を下記の表１に示す。
吸水直後の水分含量（質量％）＝｛（Ｗａ−Ｗｂ）／Ｗａ｝×１００ （ii）
［式中、Ｗａは上記した吸水直後の試料の質量（ｇ）、Ｗｂは吸水直後の試料を１０５℃で５時間乾燥させた時の質量（ｇ）を示す。］
（２） 上記（１）で吸水させた試料を、２５℃で４８時間風乾させた後（非吸水性のプラスチックシート上に５〜１０ｍｍの厚さに広げた状態で風乾）、下記の数式（iii）により風乾直後の水分含量を測定した。その結果を下記の表１に示す。
風乾直後の水分含量（質量％）＝｛（Ｗｃ−Ｗｄ）／Ｗｃ｝×１００ （iii）
［式中、Ｗｃは２５℃で４８時間風乾させた試料の質量（ｇ）、Ｗｄは前記風乾させた試料を１０５℃で５時間乾燥させた時の質量（ｇ）を示す。］
<< Test Example 1 >> [Measurement of water retention capacity]
(1) About 5 g of each of the wheat bran pellets produced in Production Example 1 and the commercially available fine wheat bran (made by Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd.) (ungranulated) used in Production Example 1 were sampled. Put a container (60 mm in diameter) with holes (hole diameter 1 mm) at the bottom of the container (diameter 60 mm) at the bottom, lay a cloth or paper soaked with water under the container, and put each wheat bran pellet and wheat bran through the hole in the container. Absorbed water. After sufficient water absorption, the water content immediately after water absorption was measured by the following mathematical formula (ii). The results are shown in Table 1 below.
Water content immediately after water absorption (mass%) = {(Wa-Wb) / Wa} × 100 (ii)
[In the formula, Wa represents the mass (g) of the sample immediately after water absorption, and Wb represents the mass (g) when the sample immediately after water absorption was dried at 105 ° C. for 5 hours. ]
(2) The sample absorbed in (1) above was air-dried at 25 ° C. for 48 hours (air-dried in a state of being spread to a thickness of 5 to 10 mm on a non-water-absorbing plastic sheet), and then the following formula ( The water content immediately after air drying was measured by iii). The results are shown in Table 1 below.
Moisture content (mass%) immediately after air drying = {(Wc−Wd) / Wc} × 100 (iii)
[Wherein, Wc represents the mass (g) of the sample air-dried at 25 ° C. for 48 hours, and Wd represents the mass (g) when the air-dried sample was dried at 105 ° C. for 5 hours. ]
上記の表１にみるように、小麦フスマペレットは、造粒していない小麦フスマに比べて、２５℃で４８時間風乾した後の水分含量が高く、水分の保持能力に優れている。このことは、土壌中の水分含量が低くて発酵が行われにくい土壌環境であっても、小麦フスマ造粒物自体の水分保持能力が高いことにより、土壌に混合したときには、未造粒の小麦フスマを土壌に混合した場合に比べて、発酵が行われ易く、それによって土壌の還元消毒がより行われ易いことを裏付けている。 As seen in Table 1 above, wheat bran pellets have a high water content after air drying at 25 ° C. for 48 hours, and are excellent in water retention capacity, compared to non-granulated wheat bran. This means that even in a soil environment where the moisture content in the soil is low and fermentation is difficult to occur, the wheat bran granule itself has a high water retention capacity, so when mixed with soil, ungranulated wheat Compared to the case where the bran is mixed with the soil, the fermentation is more easily performed, thereby confirming that the soil is more easily reduced and disinfected.
《試験例２》［耐熱性菌の含有割合］
（１）一般生菌数の測定：
（ｉ） 製造例１で製造した小麦フスマペレット２ｇを採取し、滅菌水１８ｍｌで混釈した後、微生物菌数に応じて１万倍まで希釈した（平板希釈法）。次いで、希釈液を細菌数測定用培地［３Ｍ製「Ｐｅｔｒｉｆｉｌｍ」（登録商標）］に塗沫し、３０℃の恒温槽内で２日間培養し、培地上のコロニー数を数えて、小麦フスマペレット１ｇ当たりの一般生菌数とした。その結果を下記の表２に示す。
（ii） 製造例１で使用したのと同じ市販の精選小麦フスマ（未造粒）２ｇを採取し、滅菌水１８ｍｌで混釈した後、微生物菌数に応じて上記（ｉ）と同じようにして１０００倍まで希釈した。次いで、希釈液を上記（ｉ）と同様に２日間培養し、培地上のコロニー数を数えて、小麦フスマ１ｇ当たりの一般生菌数とした。その結果を下記の表２に示す。
<< Test Example 2 >> [Content ratio of heat-resistant bacteria]
(1) Measurement of general viable count:
(I) 2 g of wheat bran pellets produced in Production Example 1 were collected and poured with 18 ml of sterilized water, and then diluted to 10,000 times according to the number of microorganisms (plate dilution method). Next, the diluted solution is smeared on a bacterial count medium [3M “Petrifilm” (registered trademark)], cultured in a thermostatic bath at 30 ° C. for 2 days, the number of colonies on the medium is counted, and wheat bran pellet The number of viable bacteria per gram was used. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
(Ii) Collect 2 g of the same commercially available wheat bran (ungranulated) used in Production Example 1, pour it in 18 ml of sterilized water, and then perform the same as (i) above according to the number of microbial bacteria. Diluted 1000 times. The diluted solution was then cultured for 2 days in the same manner as in (i) above, and the number of colonies on the medium was counted to obtain the number of viable bacteria per gram of wheat bran. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
（２）耐熱性菌数の測定：
（ｉ） 製造例１で製造した小麦フスマペレット２ｇを採取し、滅菌水１８ｍｌで混釈した後、微生物菌数に応じて１００倍まで希釈した（平板希釈法）。次いで、希釈液を８０℃で２０分間加熱処理した後、細菌数測定用培地［３Ｍ製「Ｐｅｔｒｉｆｉｌｍ」（登録商標）］に塗沫し、３０℃の恒温槽内で２日間培養し、培地上のコロニー数を数えて、小麦フスマペレット１ｇ当たりの耐熱性菌数とした。その結果を下記の表２に示す。
（ii） 製造例１で使用したのと同じ市販の精選小麦フスマ２ｇを採取し、滅菌水１８ｍｌで混釈した後、微生物菌数に応じて上記（ｉ）と同じようにして１００倍まで希釈した。次いで、希釈液を８０℃で２０分間加熱処理した後、細菌数測定用培地［３Ｍ製「Ｐｅｔｒｉｆｉｌｍ」（登録商標）］に塗沫し、３０℃の恒温槽内で２日間培養し、培地上のコロニー数を数えて、小麦フスマ１ｇ当たりの耐熱性菌数とした。その結果を下記の表２に示す。
(2) Measurement of the number of heat-resistant bacteria:
(I) 2 g of wheat bran pellets produced in Production Example 1 were collected and mixed with 18 ml of sterilized water, and then diluted to 100 times according to the number of microorganisms (plate dilution method). The diluted solution is then heat-treated at 80 ° C. for 20 minutes, smeared on a medium for measuring the number of bacteria [3M “Petrifilm” (registered trademark)], cultured in a constant temperature bath at 30 ° C. for 2 days, The number of colonies was counted as the number of heat-resistant bacteria per gram of wheat bran pellet. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
(Ii) 2 g of the same commercially available wheat bran as used in Production Example 1 was collected, mixed with 18 ml of sterilized water, and then diluted to 100 times in the same manner as in (i) above according to the number of microorganisms did. The diluted solution is then heat-treated at 80 ° C. for 20 minutes, smeared on a medium for measuring the number of bacteria [3M “Petrifilm” (registered trademark)], cultured in a constant temperature bath at 30 ° C. for 2 days, The number of colonies was counted as the number of heat-resistant bacteria per gram of wheat bran. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
上記の表２にみるように、未造粒小麦フスマでは一般生菌数に対する耐熱性菌数の割合が１．２％と低いのに対して、製造例１で得られた小麦フスマペレットは一般生菌数に対する耐熱性菌数の割合が１１．０％であり、耐熱性菌の割合が相対的に高くなっている。製造例１で得られた小麦フスマペレットでは、耐熱性菌の割合が相対的に高いことにより、高温下でも、小麦フスマペレットの発酵・分解が速やかに開始されて、土壌が速やかに還元消毒されることが予想される。 As seen in Table 2 above, the ratio of heat-resistant bacteria to the number of general viable bacteria in the ungranulated wheat bran is as low as 1.2%, whereas the wheat bran pellet obtained in Production Example 1 is The ratio of the number of heat-resistant bacteria to the number of viable bacteria is 11.0%, and the ratio of heat-resistant bacteria is relatively high. In the wheat bran pellet obtained in Production Example 1, the ratio of heat-resistant bacteria is relatively high, so that fermentation and decomposition of the wheat bran pellet are started quickly even at high temperatures, and the soil is rapidly reduced and disinfected. Is expected.
《実施例１》［通常の水分含量の土壌での発酵］
（１）（ｉ） 蓋付きのプラスチック容器（容量２５０ｍｌ）に、黒土１００ｇを入れ、そこに製造例１の小麦フスマペレット１ｇ（１質量％）を添加して均一に混合した後、加水して、水分含量が３８．０質量％（ビニールハウス内の土壌の通常の水分含量に相当）である小麦フスマペレット含有加水黒土混合物（以下単に「黒土混合物」ということがある）を調製した。
（ii） 上記（ｉ）調製した黒土混合物をプラスチック容器ごと温度５０℃のインキュベーターに入れて（夏期に閉め切ったビニールハウス内の温度に相当）、１６日間にわたって発酵させた。前記発酵中にプラスチック容器内の黒土混合物を経時的に採取し（当初、１日後、３日後、５日後、８日後および１６日後に採取）、採取した黒土混合物の酸化還元電位（Ｅｈ）を以下の方法で測定した。その結果を下記の表３に示す。
（２） 小麦フスマペレットの代わりに製造例１で使用したのと同じ市販の精選小麦フスマ（未造粒）を使用した以外は、上記（１）の（ｉ）と同様にして小麦フスマ含有加水黒土混合物を調製し、それを上記（１）の（ii）と同様にして発酵させ、発酵中に黒土混合物の一部を経時的に採取し（当初、１日後、３日後、５日後、８日後および１６日後に採取）、採取した黒土混合物の酸化還元電位（Ｅｈ）を以下の方法で測定した。その結果を下記の表３に示す。
<< Example 1 >> [Fermentation in soil with normal water content]
(1) (i) Put 100 g of black clay into a plastic container (capacity: 250 ml) with a lid, add 1 g (1% by mass) of wheat bran pellets of Production Example 1 and mix uniformly, then add water A wheat bran pellet-containing hydroblack clay mixture (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “black clay mixture”) having a water content of 38.0% by mass (corresponding to the normal water content of soil in a greenhouse) was prepared.
(Ii) The black soil mixture prepared in (i) above was placed in an incubator with a temperature of 50 ° C. together with the plastic container (corresponding to the temperature in the greenhouse closed in summer) and fermented for 16 days. During the fermentation, the black clay mixture in the plastic container was sampled over time (initially after 1, 3 days, 5 days, 8 days and 16 days), and the redox potential (Eh) of the collected black clay mixture was It measured by the method of. The results are shown in Table 3 below.
(2) Wheat bran-containing water is added in the same manner as (i) in (1) above, except that the same commercially available wheat bran (ungranulated) used in Production Example 1 is used instead of wheat bran pellets. A black clay mixture is prepared and fermented in the same manner as in (ii) above (1), and a portion of the black clay mixture is collected over time during the fermentation (initially 1 day, 3 days later, 5 days later, 8 days later). The redox potential (Eh) of the collected black clay mixture was measured by the following method. The results are shown in Table 3 below.
［黒土混合物の酸化還元電位（Ｅｈ）の測定］
採取した黒土混合物はそのままでは酸化還元電位（Ｅｈ）の測定が困難であったので、採取した黒土混合物１質量部に対して水１．６質量部を混合し、その混合物の酸化還元電位（Ｅｈ）をｐＨ測定装置（東亜ディーケーケー株式会社製「ｐＨメーターＨＭ−５０Ｓ」）と「酸化還元電極」（東亜ディーケーケー株式会社製「ＰＴＳ−５０１１Ｃ」）を用いて測定した。
[Measurement of redox potential (Eh) of black clay mixture]
Since it was difficult to measure the redox potential (Eh) of the collected black clay mixture as it was, 1.6 parts by mass of water was mixed with 1 part by mass of the collected black clay mixture, and the redox potential (Eh) of the mixture was mixed. ) Was measured using a pH measuring device (“pH meter HM-50S” manufactured by Toa DKK Corporation) and “oxidation reduction electrode” (“PTS-5011C” manufactured by Toa DKK Corporation).
上記の表３の結果にみるように、小麦フスマペレットを混合した黒土混合物の方が、未造粒の小麦フスマを混合した場合に比べて、早く酸化還元電位（Ｅｈ）が低下し、土壌が還元化（還元消毒）されることがわかる。 As seen in the results of Table 3 above, the redox potential (Eh) of the black clay mixture mixed with wheat bran pellets decreased earlier than the case of mixing ungranulated wheat bran, and the soil It turns out that it is reduced (reduction sterilization).
《実施例２》［低水分含量の土壌での発酵］
（１）（ｉ） 蓋付きのプラスチック容器（容量２５０ｍｌ）に、黒土１００ｇを入れ、そこに製造例１の小麦フスマペレット１ｇ（１質量％）を添加して均一に混合した後、加水して、水分含量が２６．８質量％の小麦フスマペレット含有加水黒土混合物（黒土混合物）を調製した。
（ii） 上記（ｉ）調製した黒土混合物をプラスチック容器ごと温度５０℃のインキュベーターに入れて８日間にわたって発酵させた。前記発酵中に黒土混合物を経時的に採取し（当初、１日後、３日後、５日後および８日後に採取）、実施例１と同様にして採取した黒土混合物の酸化還元電位（Ｅｈ）を測定したところ、下記の表４に示すとおりであった。
（２） 小麦フスマペレットの代わりに製造例１で使用した市販の精選小麦フスマ（未造粒）を使用した以外は、上記（１）の（ｉ）と同様にして小麦フスマ含有加水黒土混合物を調製し、それを上記（１）の（ii）と同様にして発酵させ、発酵中に黒土混合物を経時的に採取し（当初、１日後、３日後、５日後および８日後に採取）、採取した黒土混合物の酸化還元電位（Ｅｈ）を実施例１と同様にして測定したところ、下記の表４に示すとおりであった。
<< Example 2 >> [Fermentation in soil with low water content]
(1) (i) Put 100 g of black clay into a plastic container (capacity: 250 ml) with a lid, add 1 g (1% by mass) of wheat bran pellets of Production Example 1 and mix uniformly, then add water A wheat bran pellet-containing hydroblack clay mixture (black clay mixture) having a moisture content of 26.8% by mass was prepared.
(Ii) The black clay mixture prepared in (i) above was placed in an incubator with a temperature of 50 ° C. together with a plastic container and fermented for 8 days. The black clay mixture was sampled over time during the fermentation (initially, after 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, and 8 days), and the redox potential (Eh) of the black clay mixture collected in the same manner as in Example 1 was measured. As a result, it was as shown in Table 4 below.
(2) A wheat bran-containing hydro-black clay mixture was prepared in the same manner as (i) in (1) above, except that the commercially available finely selected wheat bran (ungranulated) used in Production Example 1 was used instead of the wheat bran pellet. Prepared, fermented in the same manner as (ii) of (1) above, and the black clay mixture was collected over time during the fermentation (initially collected after 1 day, 3 days, 5 days and 8 days) The redox potential (Eh) of the black clay mixture measured in the same manner as in Example 1 was as shown in Table 4 below.
上記の表４の結果にみるように、水分含量の低い土壌では、未造粒小麦フスマを混合した場合には、土壌の酸化還元電位（Ｅｈ）の低下が小さい。
それに対して、小麦フスマペレットを用いた場合は、土壌の水分含量が低い場合であっても、土壌の酸化還元電位（Ｅｈ）がより早い時期に低下している。
かかる結果から、小麦フスマ等造粒物（小麦フスマペレットなど）を土壌に混合して土壌の消毒を行う本発明の方法による場合は、土壌中の水分が少ない場合であっても、土壌中で発酵が早期に進行して、土壌の還元消毒がなされることがわかる。
As seen in the results of Table 4 above, in soil with a low water content, when ungranulated wheat bran is mixed, the reduction in soil redox potential (Eh) is small.
On the other hand, when wheat bran pellets are used, even when the moisture content of the soil is low, the oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) of the soil decreases at an earlier time.
From this result, when the granulated material such as wheat bran (wheat bran pellets, etc.) is mixed with the soil to disinfect the soil, even if the moisture in the soil is low, It can be seen that fermentation proceeds early and the soil is reduced and disinfected.
《実施例３》［高アルカリ性土壌中での発酵］
（１）（ｉ） 蓋付きのプラスチック容器（容量２５０ｍｌ）に、黒土１００ｇを入れた後、消石灰を添加して土壌をアルカリ性（ｐＨ１０．３）にし、そこに製造例１の小麦フスマペレット１ｇ（１質量％）を添加して均一に混合した後、加水して、水分含量が３８．０質量％である小麦フスマペレット含有加水黒土混合物（黒土混合物）を調製した。なお、土壌のｐＨは、前記黒土混合物の一部を採取し、該採取した土壌１質量部に対して水１．６質量部を混合し、その混合物のｐＨを前記したｐＨ測定装置（東亜ディーケーケー株式会社製「ｐＨメーターＨＭ−５０Ｓ」）を用いて測定した。
（ii） 上記（ｉ）調製した黒土混合物をプラスチック容器ごと温度５０℃のインキュベーターに入れて８日間にわたって発酵させた。前記発酵中に黒土混合物を経時的に採取し（当初、１日後、３日後、５日後および８日後に採取）、実施例１と同様にして採取した黒土混合物の酸化還元電位（Ｅｈ）を測定したところ、下記の表５に示すとおりであった。
（２） 小麦フスマペレットの代わりに製造例１で使用した市販の精選小麦フスマ（未造粒）を使用した以外は、上記（１）の（ｉ）と同様にして小麦フスマ含有加水黒土混合物を調製し（土壌のｐＨ１０．３）、それを上記（１）の（ii）と同様にして発酵させ、発酵中に黒土混合物を経時的に採取し（当初、１日後、３日後、５日後および８日後に採取）、採取した黒土混合物の酸化還元電位（Ｅｈ）を実施例１と同様にして測定したところ、下記の表５に示すとおりであった。
<< Example 3 >> [Fermentation in highly alkaline soil]
(1) (i) After putting 100 g of black clay into a plastic container (capacity 250 ml) with a lid, slaked lime is added to make the soil alkaline (pH 10.3), and 1 g of wheat bran pellets of Production Example 1 ( 1 wt%) was added and mixed uniformly, followed by water addition to prepare a wheat bran pellet-containing hydroblack clay mixture (black clay mixture) having a water content of 38.0 mass%. The pH of the soil was obtained by collecting a part of the black clay mixture, mixing 1.6 parts by mass of water with 1 part by mass of the collected soil, and measuring the pH of the mixture by the pH measuring apparatus (Toa DKK Corporation). It was measured using “pH meter HM-50S” manufactured by Co., Ltd.
(Ii) The black clay mixture prepared in (i) above was placed in an incubator with a temperature of 50 ° C. together with a plastic container and fermented for 8 days. The black clay mixture was sampled over time during the fermentation (initially, after 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, and 8 days), and the redox potential (Eh) of the black clay mixture collected in the same manner as in Example 1 was measured. As a result, it was as shown in Table 5 below.
(2) A wheat bran-containing hydro-black clay mixture was prepared in the same manner as (i) in (1) above, except that the commercially available finely selected wheat bran (ungranulated) used in Production Example 1 was used instead of the wheat bran pellet. Prepared (soil pH 10.3), fermented as in (1) (ii) above, and the black clay mixture was collected over time during the fermentation (initially 1 day, 3 days, 5 days later and 8 days later), the redox potential (Eh) of the collected black clay mixture was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 and as shown in Table 5 below.
上記の表５の結果にみるように、高アルカリ性の土壌では、未造粒小麦フスマを混合した場合に、土壌の酸化還元電位（Ｅｈ）の低下が小さく、土壌中での小麦フスマの発酵が早期に進行しない。
それに対して、小麦フスマペレットを用いる本発明の方法による場合は、高アルカリ性の土壌においても、土壌の酸化還元電位（Ｅｈ）が速やかに低下している。
かかる結果から、小麦フスマ等造粒物を用いる本発明の土壌の消毒方法による場合は、土壌が高アルカリ性であっても、発酵が早期に円滑に行われて、土壌の還元消毒がなされることがわかる。
As seen in the results of Table 5 above, in highly alkaline soil, when ungranulated wheat bran is mixed, the decrease in the oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) of the soil is small, and the fermentation of wheat bran in the soil is Does not progress early.
On the other hand, in the case of the method of the present invention using wheat bran pellets, the oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) of the soil is rapidly reduced even in highly alkaline soil.
From this result, in the case of the soil disinfecting method of the present invention using a granulated product such as wheat bran, even if the soil is highly alkaline, the fermentation is smoothly performed at an early stage, and the soil is reduced and disinfected. I understand.
本発明の土壌の消毒方法は、土壌殺菌剤や土壌殺虫剤などの薬剤を使用せずに、安全性に優れる小麦フスマおよび／または末粉をベースとする小麦フスマ等造粒物を用いて、土壌中の有害な微生物、昆虫、小動物などを防除できるので、安全性、簡便性、低コスト性に優れる土壌の消毒方法として有用である。
本発明の土壌の消毒方法は、土壌環境に左右されることが少なく、例えば、水分含量の少ない土壌、アルカリ性土壌などにおいても適用できるので、汎用性に優れる土壌の消毒方法として有用である。
本発明の消毒方法は、流動性および取り扱い性に優れる小麦フスマ等造粒物を土壌に単に混合して発酵させるだけでよく、特別の設備や用具の使用を省略でき、しかも土壌の種類や広さ、土壌の量、被処理土壌のある場所などを問わないため、かかる点からも汎用性および簡便性に優れる土壌の消毒方法として有用である。
The soil disinfecting method of the present invention uses a granulated product such as wheat bran and / or wheat bran based on powdered powder, which is excellent in safety, without using a chemical such as a soil fungicide or a soil insecticide, Since harmful microorganisms, insects, small animals, etc. in the soil can be controlled, it is useful as a method for disinfecting soil that is excellent in safety, convenience and low cost.
The soil disinfection method of the present invention is less affected by the soil environment, and can be applied to, for example, soil having a low water content, alkaline soil, and the like, and thus is useful as a soil disinfection method having excellent versatility.
In the disinfection method of the present invention, a granulated product such as wheat bran having excellent fluidity and handleability may be simply mixed with the soil and fermented, and the use of special equipment and tools can be omitted. In addition, since the amount of soil, the place where the treated soil is located, etc., it is useful as a method for disinfecting soil that is excellent in versatility and simplicity from this point of view.
Claims (5)
A soil disinfectant comprising a granulated product mainly composed of wheat bran and / or powder.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004243497A JP4411161B2 (en) | 2004-08-24 | 2004-08-24 | Method for reducing and disinfecting soil |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004243497A JP4411161B2 (en) | 2004-08-24 | 2004-08-24 | Method for reducing and disinfecting soil |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2006061003A true JP2006061003A (en) | 2006-03-09 |
| JP4411161B2 JP4411161B2 (en) | 2010-02-10 |
Family
ID=36108004
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004243497A Expired - Fee Related JP4411161B2 (en) | 2004-08-24 | 2004-08-24 | Method for reducing and disinfecting soil |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4411161B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008029645A1 (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2008-03-13 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Cell count determination method and cell count determination apparatus for thermoduric bacterium |
| JP2019058134A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2019-04-18 | 群馬県 | Granulated soil |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002281824A (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2002-10-02 | Nisshin Flour Milling Inc | Method for accelerating composition of organic matter in soil |
| JP2004025172A (en) * | 2002-05-09 | 2004-01-29 | Nisshin Flour Milling Inc | Method of purifying contaminated soil |
| JP2004137239A (en) * | 2002-10-21 | 2004-05-13 | Bio Oriented Technol Res Advancement Inst | Agent and method for controlling soil blight |
| JP2004323395A (en) * | 2003-04-23 | 2004-11-18 | Hokkaido | Method for soil disinfection |
| JP2005112815A (en) * | 2003-10-10 | 2005-04-28 | Gifu Prefecture | Method for reductional disinfection by soil packing |
-
2004
- 2004-08-24 JP JP2004243497A patent/JP4411161B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002281824A (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2002-10-02 | Nisshin Flour Milling Inc | Method for accelerating composition of organic matter in soil |
| JP2004025172A (en) * | 2002-05-09 | 2004-01-29 | Nisshin Flour Milling Inc | Method of purifying contaminated soil |
| JP2004137239A (en) * | 2002-10-21 | 2004-05-13 | Bio Oriented Technol Res Advancement Inst | Agent and method for controlling soil blight |
| JP2004323395A (en) * | 2003-04-23 | 2004-11-18 | Hokkaido | Method for soil disinfection |
| JP2005112815A (en) * | 2003-10-10 | 2005-04-28 | Gifu Prefecture | Method for reductional disinfection by soil packing |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008029645A1 (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2008-03-13 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Cell count determination method and cell count determination apparatus for thermoduric bacterium |
| JP2019058134A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2019-04-18 | 群馬県 | Granulated soil |
| JP7064126B2 (en) | 2017-09-27 | 2022-05-10 | 群馬県 | Granulated soil |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4411161B2 (en) | 2010-02-10 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103964935B (en) | Organic active fertilizer | |
| Gajalakshmi et al. | Solid waste management by composting: state of the art | |
| CN101543194B (en) | Multifunction active agent of fermentation beds | |
| CN101007746A (en) | Process for preparing anti-second-stubble efficient biologic-organic fertilizer | |
| CN101696137A (en) | Deodorant nitrogen-conserving conditioner of livestock manure compost and using method | |
| CN103396180B (en) | Method for treating animals died from illness by using flammulina velutipes dreg | |
| CN101665312B (en) | Livestock and poultry manure treating method | |
| KR101054689B1 (en) | Soil improver | |
| CN105347926A (en) | Preparation method for microbial organic soil bactericidal and insecticidal warming conditioning agent | |
| CN107382453A (en) | Soil disinfection regeneration anti obstacle to continuous cropping composition and preparation method and application | |
| CN109279953A (en) | A kind of production method of odorless, high nitrogen livestock manure fermented organic fertilizer | |
| CN106946630A (en) | A kind of organic fungi-manure using sludge as raw material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104119162A (en) | Method for producing coal ash compressed nutrient soil | |
| CN107325822A (en) | A kind of soil conditioner and preparation method thereof | |
| KR20150095067A (en) | manufacturing method for compost using livestocks' excrements and method for growing plant | |
| CN105037011A (en) | Soil sterilization and remediation treating agent | |
| CN104130072B (en) | The production method of gac residue compression Nutrition Soil | |
| WO2007059583A1 (en) | Fertilizer and soil ameliorant | |
| CN108046860A (en) | Improve salt affected soil environmentally friendly organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN109988020A (en) | Aquaculture and planting industry cyclic utilization of waste method | |
| CN108531412A (en) | A kind of preparation method of ECMD Efficient Rings control microbial deodorant | |
| CN104109035A (en) | Production method of compressed nutrient earth of diatomaceous earth tailings | |
| JP2020204019A (en) | Soil conditioner and method for producing the same | |
| JP4875809B2 (en) | Sludge fertilizer | |
| JP4411161B2 (en) | Method for reducing and disinfecting soil |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20061219 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20080731 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20090804 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20090904 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20090929 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20091019 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20091110 |
|
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20091116 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121120 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121120 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20131120 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |