JP2006050580A - High-frequency oscillator,high-frequency send-receive apparatus and radar apparatus using it, radar apparatus mounting vehicle, and radar apparatus mounting small ship - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a high-frequency oscillator to tune an oscillation characteristic. <P>SOLUTION: The high-frequency oscillator is provided with a Gunn diode (51) as a high-frequency oscillating element to generate a high-frequency signal, a resonator (54) connected to the Gunn diode (51), a varactor diode 1 (55) as a variable capacitance element to be set in the resonator (54) and to change a resonance frequency, and a bias supplying circuit (56) connected to the varactor diode 1 (55) to supply a bias voltage to be applied for changing the capacity. The bias supplying circuit (56) is the high-frequency oscillator which is provided with a trimmable chip resistance 2 as a pre-set resistor to adjust the bias voltage applied to the varactor diode 1 (55). The oscillation property is tuned to a desired state controlling a capacitance value of the varactor diode 1 by adjusting a resistance value of the trimmable chip resistance 2. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a high-frequency oscillator used in a millimeter-wave integrated circuit, a millimeter-wave radar module, or the like. Specifically, a bias supply circuit for a variable capacitance element that is a component of a high-frequency oscillator includes a semi-fixed resistor. The present invention relates to a high-frequency oscillator that can tune oscillation characteristics such as an oscillation frequency and a frequency modulation width to a desired state by this semi-fixed resistor, and a high-frequency transceiver using the same.

  The present invention also relates to a radar apparatus including the above-described high-frequency transmitter / receiver, a radar apparatus-equipped vehicle equipped with the radar apparatus, and a radar apparatus-equipped small ship.

Conventionally, for example, a high-frequency oscillator as shown in a schematic cross-sectional view in FIG. 15 that is incorporated in a millimeter-wave integrated circuit, a millimeter-wave radar module, or the like is known. The high-frequency oscillator shown in FIG. 15 has a Gunn diode 52 that generates a high-frequency signal provided in the middle of the waveguide 51, one end of which is short-circuited as a short-circuited end 51a and the other end is opened as an output end 51b. A variable capacitance element provided in a resonator 54 configured between a bias supply circuit 53 for applying a bias voltage to 52 and a portion where a short-circuited end 51a of the waveguide 51 and a Gunn diode 52 are provided And a bias supply circuit 56 for applying a bias voltage to the varactor diode 55. Conventionally, the bias supply circuit 56 used in such a high-frequency oscillator includes, for example, A fixed resistor such as a chip resistor is provided, and the bias voltage applied to the varactor diode 55 is set by the resistance value of the fixed resistor.

  An example of such a conventional high-frequency oscillator is that a bias voltage is applied to the Gunn diode 52 by the bias supply circuit 53 to generate a millimeter-wave band high-frequency signal from the Gunn diode 52, and this high-frequency signal is resonated by the resonator 54. Thus, for example, a high-frequency signal having a frequency of 77 GHz can be output from the output end 51 b of the waveguide 51. At that time, the frequency can be changed by changing the capacitance value of the varactor diode 55 provided in the resonator 54, and this capacitance value can be changed by the bias voltage applied to the varactor diode 55. it can. That is, the oscillation frequency of the high-frequency oscillator can be controlled by controlling the bias voltage output from the bias supply circuit 56 and applied to the varactor diode 55. For example, a modulation signal that generates a voltage signal such as a triangular wave as the modulation signal By providing the source in the bias supply circuit 56, it is possible to output as a frequency-modulated high-frequency signal.

  In addition, in the example of such a conventional high-frequency oscillator, a nonradiative dielectric line (hereinafter also referred to as an NRD guide) may be used as a high-frequency transmission line instead of the waveguide 51. Such conventional examples are disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 4, for example.

  As shown in a partially broken perspective view in FIG. 16, the basic configuration of this non-radiative dielectric line is such that the cross-sectional shape is rectangular between parallel plate conductors 61 and 62 arranged in parallel at a predetermined interval a. In the configuration in which the rectangular dielectric line 63 is arranged, and this interval a is a ≦ λ / 2 with respect to the wavelength λ of the high-frequency signal, noise can be prevented from entering the dielectric line 63 from the outside, and The high frequency signal can be efficiently propagated in the dielectric line 63 without radiating the high frequency signal to the outside. The wavelength λ of the high frequency signal is a wavelength in the air (free space) at the operating frequency.

  Such a conventional high-frequency oscillator is incorporated in a high-frequency transmitter / receiver that transmits / receives a high-frequency signal, as disclosed in Patent Document 5, for example, and is used as a radar apparatus incorporating the high-frequency transmitter / receiver. In such a high-frequency transmitter / receiver or radar apparatus, the high-frequency oscillator generates, for example, a millimeter-wave band high-frequency signal, and the frequency rises from a lower limit value to an upper limit value in a specific frequency range with respect to the high-frequency signal. It operates so as to output a high-frequency signal that has been subjected to frequency modulation such as repeated descending. The high-frequency signal output from the high-frequency oscillator is further pulse-modulated by the modulator and operates so as to be output from the transmission / reception antenna or the transmission antenna as a transmission high-frequency signal. Note that the high-frequency signal output from the high-frequency oscillator may be output as it is as a transmission high-frequency signal.

In addition, an example of a conventional radar apparatus and a vehicle equipped with the radar apparatus is disclosed in, for example, Patent Document 6.
JP-A-6-268445 JP-A-6-268446 JP-A-6-268447 JP-A-6-291552 JP 2000-258525 A JP 2003-35768 A

  However, in the conventional high-frequency oscillator and high-frequency oscillators disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 4, the connection state and operation of a high-frequency transmission line connected to the output terminal of the high-frequency oscillator and other high-frequency circuit elements There is a problem that the oscillation characteristics such as the oscillation frequency and the frequency modulation width are likely to change due to slightly different states (these are referred to as load conditions), making it difficult to stably obtain the desired oscillation characteristics. There was a point.

  In addition, in a high-frequency transmitter / receiver using such a high-frequency oscillator, the load conditions of the high-frequency circuit elements connected to the high-frequency oscillator and the load characteristics of the high-frequency oscillator itself may be different in mass production. The high-frequency oscillator that is used is difficult to achieve desired oscillation characteristics, and thus there is a problem that it is difficult to stably obtain good transmission / reception performance.

  The present invention has been completed in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to tune oscillation characteristics such as an oscillation frequency and a frequency modulation width by a bias supply circuit of a variable capacitance element that is a component of a high-frequency oscillator. Another object of the present invention is to provide a high-frequency oscillator capable of stably obtaining good oscillation characteristics and a high-performance high-frequency transceiver using the same.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a radar apparatus equipped with such a high-performance high-frequency transmitter / receiver, a radar apparatus-equipped vehicle equipped with the radar apparatus, and a radar apparatus-equipped small ship.

  The high-frequency oscillator of the present invention includes a high-frequency oscillation element that generates a high-frequency signal, a resonator connected to the high-frequency oscillation element, a variable capacitance element that is provided in the resonator and changes a resonance frequency, A bias supply circuit connected to the variable capacitance element for supplying a bias voltage to be applied to change the capacitance, and the bias supply circuit includes a semi-fixed resistor for adjusting the bias voltage. It is characterized by this.

  The high-frequency oscillator according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the above configuration, the semi-fixed resistor is a trimmable chip resistor.

  The high frequency oscillator according to the present invention is characterized in that, in each of the above configurations, the bias supply circuit includes a test terminal for applying a test bias voltage to the variable capacitance element.

  A first high-frequency transmitter / receiver according to a fourth aspect of the present invention includes the high-frequency oscillator according to the present invention and two output ends, and is connected to an output end side of the high-frequency oscillator to branch the high-frequency signal. A branching device that outputs to one output end and the other output end, and a modulation that is connected to the one output end and modulates a high-frequency signal branched to the one output end and outputs a high-frequency signal for transmission And a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal. In this order, a high-frequency signal input from one terminal is output from an adjacent next terminal, and the output of the modulator is A signal separator input to the first terminal; a transmitting / receiving antenna connected to the second terminal of the signal separator; the other output terminal of the branching unit; and the third terminal of the signal separator. Branched to the other output terminal connected between the terminals It is characterized in that it comprises a mixer for outputting the intermediate frequency signal by mixing the radio frequency signal received by the high-frequency signal and the reception antenna.

  The third terminal of the signal separator is connected to the other output end of the branching device, but is not directly connected to the other output end, and is connected via a mixer. It is what.

  A second high-frequency transmitter / receiver according to a fifth aspect of the present invention includes the high-frequency oscillator according to the present invention and two output ends, and is connected to an output end side of the high-frequency oscillator to branch the high-frequency signal. A branching device that outputs to one output end and the other output end, and a modulation that is connected to the one output end and modulates a high-frequency signal branched to the one output end and outputs a high-frequency signal for transmission And an isolator having an input terminal and an output terminal, the input terminal being connected to an output end of the modulator, and transmitting the high-frequency signal for transmission from the input terminal side to the output terminal side, and the isolator A transmitting antenna connected to the output terminal, a receiving antenna connected to the other output end of the branching device, and a connection between the other output end of the branching device and the receiving antenna. , Said other out Is characterized in that it comprises a mixer by mixing an RF signal received branched high-frequency signals to an end and at the receiving antenna and outputs an intermediate frequency signal.

  A third high-frequency transmitter / receiver according to claim 6 of the present invention has the above-described high-frequency oscillator of the present invention and two output ends, is connected to the output end side of the high-frequency oscillator, and outputs the high-frequency signal as one output. A switch that selectively outputs from one end and the other output end, and a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal, and the adjacent high-frequency signal input from one terminal in this order A signal separator for outputting a high frequency signal output from the one output terminal to the first terminal, a transmission / reception antenna connected to the second terminal, and the other output terminal And a mixer that is connected to the third terminal and that mixes the high-frequency signal output from the other output terminal and the high-frequency signal received by the antenna, and outputs an intermediate frequency signal. Is.

  A fourth high-frequency transmitter / receiver according to claim 7 of the present invention has the above-described high-frequency oscillator of the present invention and two output ends, is connected to the output end side of the high-frequency oscillator, and outputs the high-frequency signal to one of the outputs. A switch that selectively outputs from one end and the other output end, a transmission antenna connected to the one output end, a reception antenna, the other output end and the reception antenna, and the other output end And a mixer that mixes the high-frequency signal output from the output terminal with the high-frequency signal received by the receiving antenna and outputs an intermediate frequency signal.

  A fifth high-frequency transmitter / receiver according to claim 8 of the present invention has the high-frequency oscillator of the present invention and two output ends, is connected to the output end side of the high-frequency oscillator, and branches the high-frequency signal. A branching device that outputs to one output terminal and the other output terminal, a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal, and the adjacent high-frequency signals input from one terminal in this order And a signal separator that outputs from the one output terminal of the branching device to the first terminal, and a transmission / reception antenna connected to the second terminal of the signal separator A high-frequency signal that is connected between the other output end of the branching device and the third terminal of the signal separator, and is branched to the other output end, and a high-frequency signal received by the transmission / reception antenna; Mixes and outputs an intermediate frequency signal It is characterized in that it comprises a chromatography.

  A sixth high-frequency transmitter / receiver according to claim 9 of the present invention has the above-described high-frequency oscillator of the present invention and two output ends, and is connected to the output end side of the high-frequency oscillator to branch the high-frequency signal. A branching device that outputs to one output terminal and the other output terminal, a transmission antenna that is connected to the one output terminal of the branching device, and a reception antenna that is connected to the other output terminal side of the branching device A high-frequency signal branched to the other output end connected between the other output end of the branching device and the receiving antenna and a high-frequency signal received by the receiving antenna are mixed to obtain an intermediate frequency And a mixer for outputting a signal.

  The radar apparatus according to the present invention includes a high-frequency transmitter / receiver according to any one of the first to sixth aspects of the present invention described above and a distance to a detection target by processing the intermediate frequency signal output from the high-frequency transmitter / receiver. And a distance information detector for detecting information.

  The radar device-equipped vehicle of the present invention includes the radar device of the present invention having the above-described configuration, and is characterized in that this radar device is used for detection of an object to be detected.

  A small ship equipped with a radar apparatus according to the present invention includes the radar apparatus according to the present invention having the above-described configuration, and is characterized in that this radar apparatus is used for detection of a detection target.

  According to the high-frequency oscillator of the present invention, a high-frequency oscillation element that generates a high-frequency signal, a resonator connected to the high-frequency oscillation element, and a variable capacitance element that is provided in the resonator and changes a resonance frequency; And a bias supply circuit connected to the variable capacitance element for supplying a bias voltage to be applied to change the capacitance. The bias supply circuit includes a semi-fixed resistor for adjusting the bias voltage. Therefore, the semi-fixed resistor operates so that the bias voltage is set to an appropriate value when adjusting the oscillation characteristics, and the bias voltage value once set is maintained at other times. The variable capacitance element adjusted to an appropriate capacity by the supply circuit can be tuned to optimize the oscillation characteristics of the high-frequency oscillation element. A high-frequency oscillator that can maintain a good oscillation characteristics stable.

  In the high frequency oscillator of the present invention, in the above configuration, when the semi-fixed resistor is a trimmable chip resistor, since the trimmable chip resistor has no movable part, external force such as vibration is applied from the outside after adjustment. However, since the set resistance value is kept stable, the high-frequency oscillator can stably and reliably maintain good oscillation characteristics.

  The high-frequency oscillator according to the present invention may be configured such that, in each of the above configurations, the bias supply circuit includes a test terminal for applying a test bias voltage to the variable capacitance element. By inputting the voltage, the bias voltage to be applied to the variable capacitor of the high-frequency oscillator when incorporated in the high-frequency transmitter / receiver can be known in advance accurately, so it is set to a semi-fixed resistor without taking the trouble of adjustment. A high-frequency oscillator that can accurately and reliably set the resistance value to be obtained. Even if the semi-fixed resistor cannot change the resistance value reversibly, the resistance value to set the semi-fixed resistor can be obtained from the bias voltage value to be set. It becomes a high frequency oscillator which can set reliably the resistance value which should set a device.

  According to the first high frequency transmitter / receiver of the present invention, the high frequency oscillator of the present invention and two output ends are connected to the output end side of the high frequency oscillator, and the high frequency signal is branched to one output. A branching device that outputs to one end and the other output end; a modulator that is connected to the one output end and that modulates a high-frequency signal branched to the one output end and outputs a high-frequency signal for transmission; A first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal; a high-frequency signal input from one terminal in this order is output from an adjacent next terminal; and an output of the modulator is the first terminal A signal separator input to the terminal, a transmission / reception antenna connected to the second terminal of the signal separator, the other output terminal of the branching unit, and the third terminal of the signal separator. High connected to the other output branch Since it has a mixer that mixes the wave signal and the high frequency signal received by the transmission / reception antenna and outputs an intermediate frequency signal, the high frequency oscillator is tuned to the optimum oscillation characteristics in a state of being incorporated in the high frequency transmitter / receiver. Thus, the high-frequency transmitter / receiver can stably obtain a good transmission / reception performance because it operates so as to maintain its good oscillation characteristics. In addition, since the oscillation characteristics are optimally adjusted, it is possible to widen the margin until the favorable transmission / reception characteristics cannot be obtained due to the change in the oscillation characteristics due to the change in the environmental conditions. A high-frequency transmitter / receiver capable of obtaining stable transmission / reception performance is obtained.

  According to the second high-frequency transmitter / receiver of the present invention, the high-frequency oscillator of the present invention and the two output ends are connected to the output end side of the high-frequency oscillator, and the high-frequency signal is branched to one output. A branching device that outputs to one end and the other output end; a modulator that is connected to the one output end and that modulates a high-frequency signal branched to the one output end and outputs a high-frequency signal for transmission; An isolator having an input terminal and an output terminal, the input terminal being connected to an output end of the modulator, and transmitting the high-frequency signal for transmission from the input terminal side to the output terminal side; and the output of the isolator A transmitting antenna connected to a terminal, a receiving antenna connected to the other output end of the branching device, and the other connected between the other output end of the branching device and the receiving antenna. Minutes at the output end of A mixer that mixes the high-frequency signal received and the high-frequency signal received by the receiving antenna and outputs an intermediate-frequency signal. Since it is tuned to the optimum oscillation characteristics in a state where it is incorporated in the high frequency transmitter / receiver and operates so as to maintain the good oscillation characteristics, it becomes a high frequency transmitter / receiver that can stably obtain good transmission / reception performance. . In addition, since the oscillation characteristics are optimally adjusted, it is possible to widen the margin until the favorable transmission / reception characteristics cannot be obtained due to the change in the oscillation characteristics due to the change in the environmental conditions. A high-frequency transmitter / receiver capable of obtaining stable transmission / reception performance is obtained.

  According to the third high-frequency transmitter / receiver of the present invention, the high-frequency oscillator of the present invention and two output ends are connected to the output end side of the high-frequency oscillator, and the high-frequency signal is connected to one output end and the other. A switch that selectively outputs from the output terminal of the first, second, and third terminals, and in this order, a high-frequency signal input from one terminal is output from the next adjacent terminal. And a signal separator for inputting a high-frequency signal output from the one output terminal to the first terminal, a transmission / reception antenna connected to the second terminal, the other output terminal, and the first output terminal. 3 and a mixer that mixes the high-frequency signal output from the other output terminal and the high-frequency signal received by the antenna and outputs an intermediate frequency signal. Transceiver Is tuned to the optimum oscillation characteristic in the installed state, to operate as their good oscillation characteristics is maintained, the high frequency transceiver can be stably obtained with good reception performance. In addition, since the oscillation characteristics are optimally adjusted, it is possible to widen the margin until the favorable transmission / reception characteristics cannot be obtained due to the change in the oscillation characteristics due to the change in the environmental conditions. A high-frequency transmitter / receiver capable of obtaining stable transmission / reception performance is obtained.

  According to a fourth high-frequency transmitter / receiver of the present invention, the high-frequency oscillator of the present invention and two output ends are connected to the output end side of the high-frequency oscillator, and the high-frequency signal is sent to one output end and the other. A switch that selectively outputs from the output end of the output terminal, a transmission antenna connected to the one output end, a reception antenna, the other output end and the reception antenna, and from the other output end Since it includes a mixer that mixes a high-frequency signal to be output and a high-frequency signal received by the receiving antenna and outputs an intermediate frequency signal, a high-frequency oscillator using a separate antenna for transmission and reception also includes a high-frequency oscillator, Since it is tuned to the optimum oscillation characteristics when incorporated in a high-frequency transceiver, and operates to maintain its good oscillation characteristics, it is possible to stably obtain good transmission / reception performance. The RF transceiver can. In addition, since the oscillation characteristics are optimally adjusted, it is possible to widen the margin until the favorable transmission / reception characteristics cannot be obtained due to the change in the oscillation characteristics due to the change in the environmental conditions. A high-frequency transmitter / receiver capable of obtaining stable transmission / reception performance is obtained.

  According to the fifth high-frequency transmitter / receiver of the present invention, the high-frequency oscillator of the present invention has two output ends, and is connected to the output end side of the high-frequency oscillator to branch the high-frequency signal and output one of them. A branching device that outputs to one end and the other output end, a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal, and a high-frequency signal input from one terminal in this order from an adjacent next terminal And a signal separator in which an output from the one output terminal of the branching device is input to the first terminal, a transmission / reception antenna connected to the second terminal of the signal separator, A high-frequency signal branched to the other output end connected between the other output end of the branching device and the third terminal of the signal separator is mixed with a high-frequency signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna. And a mixer that outputs an intermediate frequency signal As a result, the high-frequency oscillator is tuned to the optimum oscillation characteristics when incorporated in the high-frequency transceiver, and operates so that the good oscillation characteristics are maintained. It becomes a high frequency transceiver which can be obtained. In addition, since the oscillation characteristics are optimally adjusted, it is possible to widen the margin until the favorable transmission / reception characteristics cannot be obtained due to the change in the oscillation characteristics due to the change in the environmental conditions. A high-frequency transmitter / receiver capable of obtaining stable transmission / reception performance is obtained.

  According to the sixth high-frequency transmitter / receiver of the present invention, the high-frequency oscillator of the present invention and the two output ends are connected to the output end side of the high-frequency oscillator, and the high-frequency signal is branched to one output. A branching device that outputs to one end and the other output end, a transmission antenna connected to the one output end of the branching device, a receiving antenna connected to the other output end side of the branching device, and The intermediate frequency signal is output by mixing the high frequency signal branched to the other output end and the high frequency signal received by the reception antenna, connected between the other output end of the branching device and the receiving antenna. Because it is equipped with a mixer, even in a high-frequency transmitter / receiver that uses a separate antenna, the high-frequency oscillator is tuned to the optimal oscillation characteristics when incorporated in the high-frequency transmitter / receiver, and its good oscillation To operate as sex is maintained, the high frequency transceiver can be stably obtained with good reception performance. In addition, since the oscillation characteristics are optimally adjusted, it is possible to widen the margin until the favorable transmission / reception characteristics cannot be obtained due to the change in the oscillation characteristics due to the change in the environmental conditions. A high-frequency transmitter / receiver capable of obtaining stable transmission / reception performance is obtained.

  According to the radar apparatus of the present invention, any one of the first to sixth high-frequency transmitter / receivers of the present invention having the above-described configuration and the intermediate frequency signal output from the high-frequency transmitter / receiver are processed to reach a detection target. Because it has a distance information detector for detecting the distance information of the high frequency transmitter / receiver, the transmission / reception performance of the high frequency transmitter / receiver is good and stable, so that the object to be detected can be detected quickly and surely, In other words, the radar apparatus can reliably detect an object to be detected at a long distance.

  According to the vehicle equipped with the radar apparatus of the present invention, since the radar apparatus of the present invention having the above-described configuration is provided and this radar apparatus is used for detection of the detection target object, the other radar vehicle is a detection target object quickly and reliably. Radar device that can detect a vehicle and an obstacle, for example, without causing the vehicle to take a sudden action to avoid them, for example, to perform appropriate control of the vehicle and appropriate warning to the driver It becomes an on-board vehicle.

  According to the small ship equipped with the radar apparatus of the present invention, the radar apparatus of the present invention having the above-described configuration is provided, and this radar apparatus is used for detection of the detection object. Because small boat obstacles can be detected, for example, appropriate control of small boats and appropriate warnings to pilots can be made without causing the small boats to take a sudden action to avoid them. A small ship equipped with a radar device.

  First, a high-frequency oscillator of the present invention and a high-frequency transceiver using the same will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic block circuit diagram showing a variable capacitance element and its bias supply circuit in an example of an embodiment of a high-frequency oscillator according to the present invention. FIGS. 2A and 2B are a schematic plan view and a side view, respectively, showing an example of a trimmable chip resistor that is a component of the bias supply circuit shown in FIG. 1 and a trimming method thereof. 3A to 3E are schematic plan views showing examples of other trimming methods in the trimmable chip resistor shown in FIG. 4 and 5 are schematic block circuit diagrams showing examples of the first and second high-frequency transceivers according to the present invention, respectively. FIGS. 6 and 7 are schematic plan views of the high-frequency transmitter / receiver shown in the block circuit diagrams of FIGS. 4 and 5, respectively. FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view showing an example of a high-frequency modulation unit in the modulator of the high-frequency transceiver shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 are schematic block circuit diagrams showing examples of the third and fourth high-frequency transceivers according to the present invention, respectively. 11 and 12 are schematic block circuit diagrams showing examples of embodiments of the fifth and sixth high-frequency transceivers of the present invention, respectively. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between the number of trimming processings of the trimmable chip resistor and its resistance value in the embodiment of the high frequency oscillator of the present invention. FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the relationship between the resistance value of the trimmable chip resistor and the oscillation frequency in the embodiment of the high frequency oscillator of the present invention. FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a high-frequency oscillator. FIG. 16 is a partially broken perspective view showing the basic configuration of the non-radiative dielectric line.

  1 to 3, 1 is a varactor diode as a variable capacitance element, 2 is a trimmable chip resistor as a semi-fixed resistor, 3 is a choke inductor, 4 is a modulation signal source, 5 is a test terminal, and 2a is a trimmer. The dielectric substrate of the bull chip resistor 2, 2b is a resistor layer of the trimmable chip resistor 2, 2c1 and 2c2 are electrodes of the trimmable chip resistor 2, and 2d, 2d1 to 2d4 are trimming portions of the resistor layer 2b.

  4 to 12, 11 is a high-frequency oscillator, 12 is a branching unit (for example, a directional coupler), 13 is a modulator, 14 is a circulator as a signal separator, 15 is a transmitting / receiving antenna, 16 Is a mixer, 17 is a switch, 18 is an isolator, 19 is a transmission antenna, 20 is a reception antenna, 21 and 31 are lower flat conductors, 22 and 32 are first dielectric lines, and 23 and 33 are second dielectrics. 24, 34 are ferrite plates as magnetic materials, 25, 35 are third dielectric lines, 26, 36 are fourth dielectric lines, 27, 37 are fifth dielectric lines, 28, 38a , 38b are reflection-free terminators, 39 is a sixth dielectric line, 40 and 44 are substrates, 41 is a choke-type bias supply line, 42 is a terminal, 43 is a high-frequency modulation element, 45 is a high-frequency detection element, 12a 71a, 73a are input terminals, 12b, 71b, 73b are one output terminal, 12c, 71c, 73c are the other output terminals, 13a is an input terminal, and 13b is an output terminal. , 18a is an input terminal, 18b is an output terminal, 14a, 24a, 34a, 72b and 75b are first terminals, 14b, 24b, 34b, 72a and 75a are second terminals, 14c, 24c, 34c, 72c and 75c. Is a third terminal. Reference numeral 71 denotes a changeover RF switch as a changer, and 72 denotes a second changeover switch as a signal separator. 73 and 74 are rat race type hybrid couplers and termination resistors as branching components, respectively, and 75 and 76 are second rat race type hybrid couplers and termination resistors as signal separator components, respectively. is there. 6 and 7, the upper flat conductor is not shown.

  In FIG. 15, 51 is a waveguide, 52 is a Gunn diode as a high-frequency oscillation element, 53 and 56 are bias supply circuits, 54 is a resonator, 55 is a varactor diode as a variable capacitance element, and 51a is a short-circuited end. , 51b are output terminals. In FIG. 16, 61 and 62 are flat conductors, and 63 is a dielectric line.

  As shown in FIGS. 15 and 1, an example of an embodiment of the high-frequency oscillator of the present invention includes a Gunn diode 52 as a high-frequency oscillation element that generates a high-frequency signal, and a resonator 54 connected to the Gunn diode 52. A varactor diode 55 (1) as a variable capacitance element provided in the resonator 54 for changing the resonance frequency, and a bias voltage applied to change the capacitance connected to the varactor diode 55 (1) are supplied. The bias supply circuit 56 includes a trimmable chip resistor 2 as a semi-fixed resistor for adjusting the bias voltage.

  The bias supply circuit 56 further includes a choke inductor 3 and a modulation signal source 4, and the varactor diode 1, the trimmable chip resistor 2, the choke inductor 3 and the modulation signal source 4 are connected in series. The modulation signal source 4 supplies a bias voltage to the varactor diode 1 through the trimmable chip resistor 2 and the choke inductor 3. The bias voltage supplied from the modulation signal source 4 is a constant DC voltage. The anode of the varactor diode 1 is grounded, and the cathode is connected to the trimmable chip resistor 2. More specifically, a choke inductor 3 is connected between the trimmable chip resistor 2 and the modulation signal source 4. In the present embodiment, the bias supply circuit 10 applies a positive voltage to the varactor diode 1 so as to be reverse-biased, but the bias supply circuit 10 applies a negative voltage to the varactor diode 1 so as to be reverse-biased. In this case, the cathode of the varactor diode 1 is grounded, and the anode is connected to the trimmable chip resistor 2.

  Further, in the bias supply circuit to the varactor diode 1, a voltage source that applies a test bias voltage in parallel to the varactor diode 1 is connected between the varactor diode 1 and the bias supply circuit. For this purpose, a test terminal 5 is provided. More specifically, a test terminal 5 is connected to a connection portion between the varactor diode 1 and the trimmable chip resistor 2. A voltage can be applied only to the varactor diode 1 by applying a potential to the test terminal 5.

  In the above configuration, as shown in FIG. 2, the trimmable chip resistor 2 is formed, for example, by forming a resistor layer 2b made of a resistor such as a Ni—Cr alloy on a dielectric substrate 2a made of a dielectric such as alumina ceramics. The electrodes 2c1 and 2c2 are formed so as to be connected to both ends of the resistor layer 2b and cover both ends of the dielectric substrate 2a. The resistor of the trimmable chip resistor 2 By irradiating the layer 2b with laser light from a YAG (yttrium, aluminum, garnet) laser or the like to evaporate or oxidize a part of the resistor layer 2b by an appropriate area, thereby forming the trimming portion 2d. The resistance value between the electrodes 2c1 and 2c2 can be changed. For example, an insulating film that protects the resistor layer 2b on the resistor layer 2b and allows 90% or more of the YAG laser to pass therethrough is provided, and a part of the resistor layer 2b is oxidized from above the insulating film to thereby trim the trimming portion. If the resistance value is changed by forming 2d, it is not necessary to separately provide a step for protecting the resistor layer 2b, so that the productivity is improved and the resistor layer 2b is protected. Since it is possible to prevent the resistance value from changing due to a subsequent manufacturing process or the surrounding environment, a high-frequency oscillator having stable characteristics can be obtained.

  In the high-frequency oscillator, the trimmable chip resistor 2 is applied to the varactor diode 1 (55) by its resistance value, similarly to the case where a fixed resistor such as a chip resistor is used in the conventional bias supply circuit 56. By setting the voltage to an appropriate value and setting an appropriate capacitance value to the varactor diode 1 (55), an oscillation characteristic such as an appropriate oscillation frequency and frequency modulation width can be obtained. However, unlike a fixed resistor such as a chip resistor, the trimmable chip resistor 2 may be already connected as a component of the high frequency oscillator by a batch reflow process or the like when the high frequency oscillator is incorporated into the high frequency transmitter / receiver. By adjusting the resistance value of the trimmable chip resistor 2 by a method such as trimming, the oscillation characteristic can be tuned in accordance with the load condition. Normally, the impedance of the high frequency oscillator connected to the output end 51b from the output end 51b of the high frequency oscillator, which is the load condition, varies, and the load characteristics of the Gunn diode 51 vary. By adjusting the resistance value of the trimmable chip resistor 2 to tune the oscillation characteristics in accordance with the load conditions, the oscillation characteristics in the mass-produced high-frequency oscillator 11 can be made uniform and desired. Since the oscillation characteristics can be obtained, the yield can be improved.

  The function of the trimmable chip resistor 2 as described above is the same as that of the trimmable chip resistor 2, even if a semi-fixed resistor such as a mechanical trimmer resistor such as a rotation method or a contact method or a potentiometer is used. However, the trimmable chip resistor 2 is preferable in that the resistance value does not shift even when vibration is applied, and that the reliability with respect to temperature and humidity is high.

  Specifically, the trimmable chip resistor 2 may be used as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, for example, YAG laser light is radiated from the outside to the inside of the peripheral portion where the electrodes 2c1 and 2c2 of the resistor layer 2b are not connected to form a linear cut (linear cut). And the trimming portion 2d may be formed. The resistance value of the trimmable chip resistor 2 varies depending on the area of the trimming portion 2d such as the linear cut. As the area is increased, the cross-sectional area through which current flows in the cross section of the resistor layer 2b decreases. Can be bigger. Normally, a resistance value with a small initial value in a desired adjustment range may be selected and adjusted in the direction of increasing the resistance value. Further, when the area of the trimming portion 2d is expanded by linear cutting, the width is set to a constant size determined by the spot size of the YAG laser light, and the YAG laser light is scanned in a uniaxial direction. The area may be expanded in the direction of the movement. At that time, the pulsed YAG laser light may be irradiated multiple times at the same site before the next scanning. In this way, the resistance value can be adjusted (trimmed) with high accuracy.

  In addition to the linear cut as shown in FIG. 2, as shown in the plan view of FIG. 3A, the linear cut as described above is provided in the so-called island shape at the center of the resistor layer 2b. The trimming portion 2d may be used. Further, as similarly shown in FIG. 3B, after the linear cut as described above is provided as the first cut 2d1, the same linear cut is provided as the second cut 2d2 and is slightly separated from the first cut 2d1. The position may be provided with a length shorter than the first cut 2d1 (double cut). Similarly, as shown in FIG. 3C, a double cut in which the second cut 2d2 is provided on the side opposite to the side on which the first cut 2d1 is provided may be used for such a double cut. . Further, as shown in FIG. 3D, double cuts 2d1 and 2d2 as shown in FIG. 3C and double cuts 2d3 and 2d4 similar to this may be provided in a comb-teeth shape ( Serpentine cut). If trimming portions 2d and 2d1 to 2d4 are formed as shown in FIGS. 3B to 3D, the resistance value can be set more precisely by the second cuts 2d2 and 2d4. Can be adjusted. In particular, as shown in FIG. 3 (d), when the cut portions 2d1 to 2d4 are provided in a comb shape, the line length of the resistor layer 2b can be increased, so that the resistance value can be adjusted in a wide range. Therefore, it is preferable.

  Further, as similarly shown in FIG. 3E, an L-shaped cut (L cut) may be provided in which the scanning direction with respect to the linear cut is bent at a substantially right angle in the middle. In this case, the stress applied to the resistor layer 2b is relaxed, and microcracks are less likely to enter the resistor layer 2b, and the drift of the resistance value due to the influence of the microcracks can be reduced.

  Although such a trimmable chip resistor 2 can be trimmed with a sufficient adjustment width, a plurality of such trimmable chip resistors 2 connected in series or in parallel may be used.

  Such a trimmable chip resistor 2 is provided so as to be exposed to the outside when the high-frequency oscillator 11 is assembled to a high-frequency transceiver. Thus, the resistance value of the trimmable chip resistor 2 can be changed in a state where the high frequency oscillator 11 is assembled to the high frequency transmitter / receiver.

  According to an example of the embodiment of the high-frequency oscillator of the present invention, because of the above configuration, the trimmable chip resistor 2 as the semi-fixed resistor sets the bias voltage to an appropriate value when adjusting the oscillation characteristics, At other times, for example, when a high-frequency oscillator is incorporated in a product such as a high-frequency transmitter / receiver, the bias supply circuit having this trimmable chip resistor 2 operates so as to maintain the bias voltage value once set. Thus, tuning can be performed so that the oscillation characteristic of the high-frequency oscillation element is optimized by the variable capacitance element adjusted to an appropriate capacity, and the good oscillation characteristic can be stably maintained. Also, since the trimmable chip resistor 2 has no moving parts, the set resistance value is kept stable even when external force such as vibration is applied from the outside after adjustment, so that good oscillation characteristics can be stably and reliably maintained. Can do.

  The semi-fixed resistor in the present invention means that the resistance value can be variably set and the set resistance value has characteristics that do not fluctuate carelessly. As for the specification of the number of adjustments, for example, any number may be used as long as it can withstand at least several tens of adjustments.

  According to an example of the embodiment of the high-frequency oscillator of the present invention, a voltage source for applying a test bias voltage in parallel to the varactor diode 1 is connected between the varactor diode 1 and the bias supply circuit. When the test terminal 5 is provided, a bias voltage to be applied to the varactor diode 1 can be accurately known in advance by applying a test bias voltage to the test terminal 5, so that The resistance value to be set in the trimmable chip resistor 2 can be set accurately and reliably without taking time for adjustment. Further, even if the semi-fixed resistor cannot change the resistance value reversibly like the trimmable chip resistor 2, the resistance to be set to the trimmable chip resistor 2 from the value of the bias voltage to be set. Since the value is obtained in advance, the resistance value to be set in the trimmable chip resistor 2 can be reliably set. Note that the test terminal 5 is not necessarily provided when a resistance value to be set can be obtained from past data or the like without performing such a test.

  Normally, the capacitance value of the varactor diode 1 changes nonlinearly with respect to the voltage value of the applied bias voltage. However, when the frequency change width (frequency modulation width) is desired to be constant in the frequency modulation, the modulation is performed. The trimmable chip resistor 2 may be used so as to adjust the amplitude of the signal source. More specifically, the resistor connected between the inverting input terminal or the non-inverting input terminal and the output terminal, which is a feedback circuit of an operational amplifier (op amp) constituting a differential amplifier that outputs a modulation signal, for example, Such a trimmable chip resistor 2 may be used. In this way, it is possible to adjust the frequency modulation width after adjusting the center frequency of the frequency modulation.

  In the high-frequency oscillator of the present invention, in addition to the waveguide 51, as a high-frequency transmission line, a strip line, a microstrip line, a coplanar line, a grounded coplanar line, a slot line, a dielectric waveguide, A radioactive dielectric line or the like may be used.

  Next, an example of an embodiment of the first high-frequency transmitter / receiver of the present invention shown in FIG. 4 has a high-frequency oscillator 11 that is the above-described high-frequency oscillator of the present invention and two output terminals 12b and 12c. 11, a branching device 12 for branching a high-frequency signal and outputting it to one output end 12b and the other output end 12c, and this one output end connected to one output end 12b A modulator 13 that modulates the high-frequency signal branched to 12b and outputs a high-frequency signal for transmission; and a first terminal 14a, a second terminal 14b, and a third terminal 14c around the magnetic body. A high-frequency signal input from one terminal in order is output from the next adjacent terminal, and the output of the modulator 13 is input to the first terminal 14a. A transmission / reception antenna 15 connected to the terminal 14b of No. 2; A high-frequency signal branched between the other output end 12c connected between the other output end 12c of the branch 12 and the third terminal 14c of the circulator 14 and a high-frequency signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 15 are mixed. And a mixer 16 for outputting an intermediate frequency signal.

  An example of the second high-frequency transceiver according to the present invention shown in FIG. 5 includes the high-frequency oscillator 11 that is the high-frequency oscillator of the present invention and two output terminals 12b and 12c. A branching device 12 for branching a high-frequency signal and outputting it to one output end 12b and the other output end 12c, and this one output end 12b connected to one output end 12b. A modulator 13 that modulates the high-frequency signal branched to output a high-frequency signal for transmission, an input terminal 18a and an output terminal 18b, and the input terminal 18a is connected to the output terminal 13b of the modulator 13, An isolator 18 that transmits a transmission high-frequency signal from the input terminal 18a side to the output terminal 18b side, a transmitting antenna 19 connected to the isolator 18, and a receiving antenna 20 connected to the other output terminal 12c side of the branching device 12 And the other output terminal 12c of the branching device 12 and the receiving amplifier A mixer 16 connected between the two and the other output end 12c and mixing the high frequency signal received by the receiving antenna 20 and outputting an intermediate frequency signal. is there.

  An example of the embodiment of the third high-frequency transmitter / receiver of the present invention shown in FIG. 9 has a high-frequency oscillator 11 that is the above-described high-frequency oscillator of the present invention and two output terminals 71b and 71c. An RF switch 71 as a switch for selectively outputting a high-frequency signal RFt for transmission to one output end 71b and a local signal LO from the other output end 71c; It has an input end 72b as a first terminal, an output end 72c as a third terminal, and an input / output end 72a as a second terminal. The input end 72b is connected to one output end 71b, and the input / output end The second switching RF switch 72 as a signal separator for switching and connecting the 72a to the input end 72b or the output end 72c, the transmission / reception antenna 15 connected to the input / output end (second terminal) 72a, and the other output Connected to end 71c and output end (third terminal) 72c The mixer 16 is connected to the high frequency signal (local signal) LO output from the other output end 71c and the high frequency signal RFr received by the antenna 15 to output an intermediate frequency signal.

  In other words, the second switching RF switch 72, which is a signal separator, has a first terminal 72b, a second terminal 72a, and a third terminal 72c, and the first terminal 72b, the second terminal 72a, and By switching the connection state between the third terminals 72c, a transmission high-frequency signal is given from the switching RF switch 71 to the first terminal 72b, and the high-frequency signal input from the first terminal 72b is applied to the second terminal 72a. The high frequency signal output from the second terminal 72a is output from the third terminal 72c.

  An example of the embodiment of the fourth high-frequency transmitter / receiver of the present invention shown in FIG. 10 includes the high-frequency oscillator 11 that is the above-described high-frequency oscillator of the present invention and two output terminals 71b and 71c. RF switch as a switch that is connected to the output terminal side of the switch, and branches a high-frequency signal to selectively output a high-frequency signal RFt for transmission to one output terminal 71b and a local signal LO from the other output terminal 71c. 71, a transmission antenna 19 connected to one output end 71b, a reception antenna 20, and the other output end 71c of the switching RF switch 71 and the reception antenna 20 are connected to each other and output to the other output end 71c. The high frequency signal (local signal) LO and the high frequency signal RFr received by the receiving antenna 20 are mixed to output an intermediate frequency signal.

  Further, an example of the fifth high-frequency transmitter / receiver according to the present invention shown in FIG. 11 includes the high-frequency transmitter 11 which is the above-described high-frequency oscillator of the present invention and two output terminals 73b and 73c. 11 is connected to the output end side, and a rat race type hybrid coupler 73 as a branching device for branching a high frequency signal and outputting it to one output end 73b and the other output end 73c, and one output end 73b and the other output end 73b. A termination resistor 74 (the rat race type hybrid coupler 73 and the termination resistor 74 constitute a branching device) connected between the output end 73c, the first terminal 75a, the second terminal 75b, and the third terminal. A high-frequency signal input from one terminal in this order is output from the next adjacent terminal, and the first terminal 75a is connected to one output end 73b so that the rat race type hybrid coupler is connected. High-frequency signal branched at 73 The second rat race type hybrid coupler 75 input to the first terminal 75a and the termination resistor 76 (second rat race type hybrid coupling) connected between the first terminal 75a and the third terminal 75c. 75 and a terminal resistor constitute a signal separator.), A transmission / reception antenna 15 connected to the second terminal 75b of the second rat race hybrid coupler 75, and a rat race hybrid coupler 73. The high-frequency signal connected to the other output end 73c and the third terminal 75c of the second rat race hybrid coupler 75 and branched to the other output end 73c and the high-frequency signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 15 And a mixer 16 that outputs an intermediate frequency signal.

  An example of the sixth high-frequency transmitter / receiver according to the present invention shown in FIG. 12 includes the high-frequency transmitter 11 which is the above-described high-frequency oscillator of the present invention and two output ends 73b and 73c. 11 is connected to the output end side, and a rat race type hybrid coupler 73 as a branching device for branching a high frequency signal and outputting it to one output end 73b and the other output end 73c, and one output end 73b and the other output end 73b. A termination resistor 74 connected between the output end 73 c (a rat race type hybrid coupler 73 and the termination resistor 74 constitute a branching unit) and one output end 73 b of the rat race type hybrid coupler 73. The connected transmitting antenna 19, the receiving antenna 20 connected to the other output end 73c side of the rat race type hybrid coupler 73, the other output end 73c of the rat race type hybrid coupler 73, and the receiving antenna 20 Between Continued been a configuration in which a mixture of a high frequency signal received by the other high-frequency signal and the reception antenna 20 which is branched to the output terminal 73c and a mixer 16 for outputting an intermediate frequency signal.

  In addition, for each of the above-described configurations, a switch 17 that opens / closes (switches) the intermediate frequency signal according to an open / close control signal from the outside is preferably provided at the output end of the mixer 16.

  4, 5, 9, 10, 11, and 12 operate in the same manner as a conventional high frequency transmitter / receiver. However, the load condition for obtaining a desired oscillation characteristic is as follows. Even if it fluctuates individually, the high-frequency oscillator functions to tune the oscillation characteristics in accordance with the individual load conditions, so that it is possible to stably output a transmission high-frequency signal having a predetermined frequency and output.

  Further, when a switch 17 that opens and closes (switches) the intermediate frequency signal in accordance with an external switching control signal is provided at the output end of the mixer 16, the first terminal 14a and the third terminal 14 of the circulator 14 serving as a signal separator are provided. Between the first terminal 72b and the third terminal 72c of the second RF switch 72 as a signal separator, between the first terminal 72c and the second rat race type hybrid coupler 75 as a signal separator. The third terminal 14c of the circulator 14 and the second RF switch 72 of the second RF switch 72 due to lack of isolation between the first terminal 75a and the third terminal 75c or between the transmitting antenna 19 and the receiving antenna 20. Even if a part of the high frequency signal for transmission leaks to the third terminal 72c, the third terminal 75c of the second rat race type hybrid coupler 75, or the receiving antenna 20, an intermediate frequency signal for the leaked high frequency signal is output. So as not to, since it is possible to operate the switch 17 to cut off such intermediate frequency signals, it is possible to be received RF signal easily identified on the receiving side.

  More specifically, the first and second high-frequency transmitter / receivers of the present invention shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 respectively transmit high-frequency signals by connecting the above constituent elements to transmit high-frequency signals. A non-radiative dielectric line is used as the line. The basic configuration of this nonradiative dielectric line is the same as that shown in the partially broken perspective view of FIG.

  That is, the first high-frequency transmitter / receiver of the present invention shown in the block circuit diagram of FIG. 4 is a flat plate arranged in parallel at intervals of 1/2 or less of the wavelength of the high-frequency signal as shown in the plan view of FIG. One end of the first dielectric line 22 is connected between the conductors 21 (the other flat conductor is not shown), and the high frequency signal output from the high frequency diode is frequency-modulated and the first dielectric line The high-frequency oscillator 11 of the present invention that propagates and outputs the signal 22 and the high-frequency signal connected to the other end of the first dielectric line 22 is reflected or output to the input end 13a side according to the pulse signal. On the peripheral portion of the modulator 13 to be transmitted to the end 13b, the second dielectric line 23 having one end connected to the output end 13b of the modulator 13, and the ferrite plate 24 arranged in parallel to the flat conductor 21 , First terminals 24a, which are input / output terminals for high frequency signals, respectively. The first terminal 24a has the second terminal 24b and the third terminal 24c, and outputs the high-frequency signal input from one terminal in this order from the next adjacent terminal. A third dielectric having a circulator 14 connected to the other end of the circulator 14 and a peripheral portion of the ferrite plate 24 of the circulator 14 arranged radially and having one end connected to the second terminal 24b and the third terminal 24c. A body line 25 and a fourth dielectric line 26, a transmitting / receiving antenna 15 connected to the other end of the third dielectric line 25, and a midway approaching or joining the midway of the first dielectric line 22, A fifth dielectric line 27 for branching and propagating a part of the high-frequency signal propagating through the first dielectric line 22, and a non-reflection connected to one end of the fifth dielectric line 27 on the high-frequency oscillator 11 side Other than the terminator 28, the other end of the fourth dielectric line 26, and the fifth dielectric line 27 The mixer 16 is connected between the high frequency signal input from the fifth dielectric line 27 and the high frequency signal received by the transmission / reception antenna 15 and input from the circulator 14 to output an intermediate frequency signal. And. Note that the first dielectric line 22 and the fifth dielectric line 27 constitute the branching device 12 in their proximity or junction.

  Further, the second high-frequency transmitter / receiver of the present invention shown in the block circuit diagram of FIG. 5 is a flat plate arranged in parallel at an interval of 1/2 or less of the wavelength of the high-frequency signal as shown in the plan view of FIG. One end of the first dielectric line 32 is connected between the conductors 31 (the other flat conductor is not shown), and the high frequency signal output from the high frequency diode is frequency-modulated and the first dielectric line The high frequency oscillator 11 of the present invention that propagates and outputs 32 and the high frequency signal connected to the other end of the first dielectric line 32 is reflected or output to the input end 13a side according to the pulse signal. A modulator 13 that transmits to the end 13 b side, a second dielectric line 33 having one end connected to the output end 13 b of the modulator 13, and a peripheral portion of a ferrite plate 34 that is arranged in parallel to the plate conductor 31 The first terminal 34a and the second terminal are input / output terminals for high-frequency signals, respectively. Terminal 34b and third terminal 34c, and in this order, a first terminal 34a outputs a high-frequency signal input from one terminal from the next adjacent terminal. A circulator 14 connected to the end, and a third dielectric line radially disposed on the periphery of the ferrite plate 34 of the circulator 14 and having one end connected to the second terminal 34b and the third terminal 34c. 35 and a fourth dielectric line 36, a transmitting antenna 19 connected to the other end of the third dielectric line 35, and a first part in the vicinity of or joined to the middle part of the first dielectric line 32 A fifth dielectric line 37 for branching and propagating a part of the high-frequency signal propagating through the dielectric line 32, a non-reflection terminator 38a connected to the other end of the fourth dielectric line 36, Non-reflective terminator 38b connected to one end of the dielectric line 37 on the high frequency oscillator 11 side A fifth dielectric line 39 having one end connected to the receiving antenna 20, and a fifth dielectric line 39 connected between the other end of the fifth dielectric line 37 and the other end of the sixth dielectric line 39, And a mixer 16 that mixes the high-frequency signal input from the dielectric line 37 and the high-frequency signal received by the receiving antenna 20 and input from the sixth dielectric line 39 to output an intermediate frequency signal. . Note that the first dielectric line 32 and the fifth dielectric line 37 constitute the branching device 12 in the proximity portion or the junction portion thereof.

  In FIG. 6, the first terminal 24a, the second terminal 24b, and the third terminal 24c correspond to the first terminal 14a, the second terminal 14b, and the third terminal 14c in FIG. 4, respectively. Yes. In FIG. 7, the first terminal 34a, the second terminal 34b, and the third terminal 34c correspond to the first terminal 14a, the second terminal 14b, and the third terminal 14c in FIG. 5, respectively. Yes.

  In these configurations, as shown in a perspective view in FIG. 8, the modulator 13 performs high frequency modulation on the connection terminal 42 formed in a part of the choke-type bias supply line 41 formed on the surface of the substrate 40. A high-frequency modulation unit connected with a diode 43 as an element is output from the first dielectric lines 22 and 32 between the first dielectric lines 22 and 32 and the second dielectric lines 23 and 33. The high-frequency signal is inserted so as to enter the diode 43. In this configuration, a PIN diode may be used as the diode 43 as the high frequency modulation element. Further, instead of the diode 43, a transistor or a microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) may be used.

  Such a transmission type modulator is suitable for the modulator 13 in the high-frequency transceiver of the present invention. Instead of the transmissive modulator, a switch such as a semiconductor switch or a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) switch that can transmit or reflect a high-frequency signal may be used.

  Further, the high frequency oscillator of the present invention is effective not only for a high frequency transmitter / receiver using such a modulator 13, but also for a device that does not use such a modulator 13. In this case, the modulator 13 is removed from the first and second high-frequency transmitter / receivers of the present invention, and the end of the first dielectric lines 22 and 32 on the input end 13a side and the second dielectric What is necessary is just to make it connect with the edge part by the side of the output end 13b of the body lines 23 and 33. FIG.

  Further, the mixer 16 has a high-frequency detection section provided with a diode 45 as a high-frequency detection element on each of two substrates 44 similar to that shown in FIG. Line 37) and fifth dielectric line 27 (sixth dielectric line 39), respectively, a fourth dielectric line 26 (fifth dielectric line 37) and a fifth dielectric line 27 (first dielectric line 27). The high frequency signal output from each of the six dielectric lines 39) is connected so as to enter each diode 45, and the fourth dielectric line 26, the fifth dielectric line 27, and (the fifth dielectric line) The middle of the fourth dielectric line 26, the middle of the fifth dielectric line 27, and the middle of the fifth dielectric line 37 so that the line 37 and the sixth dielectric line 39 are electromagnetically coupled. The middle of the sixth dielectric line 39) is brought close to or joined. In this configuration, a Schottky barrier diode may be used as the diode 45 as the high frequency detection element. In place of the diode 45, a transistor or a microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) may be used.

  In the first and second high-frequency transmitter / receivers, the example in which the circulator 14 is used as the signal separator has been described. However, a duplexer, a switch, a hybrid circuit, or the like may be used instead of the circulator 14. . The hybrid circuit includes a branch line type hybrid circuit in addition to the second rat race type hybrid coupler 75.

  Thus, if a high frequency transmitter / receiver is configured using a non-radiative dielectric line as a high frequency transmission line, a high frequency signal can be transmitted with low loss inside the high frequency transmitter / receiver, so that stable transmission / reception performance is obtained. be able to. Further, since the output of the high-frequency signal for transmission can be increased, there is an advantage that a complicated amplifier circuit is not required on the receiving side.

  The first and second embodiments of the first and second high-frequency transceivers according to the present invention shown in the block circuit diagrams and plan views in FIGS. 4 to 7 are optimal when the high-frequency oscillator 11 is incorporated in the high-frequency transceiver. Tuning to the oscillation characteristic and operating so as to maintain the good oscillation characteristic, it is possible to stably obtain good transmission / reception performance. In addition, since the oscillation characteristics are optimally adjusted, it is possible to widen the margin until the favorable transmission / reception characteristics cannot be obtained due to the change in the oscillation characteristics due to the change in the environmental conditions. Stable transmission / reception performance can be obtained.

  Next, the components of the first and second high-frequency transceivers of the present invention will be described in detail.

  In the first and second high-frequency transmitter / receivers of the present invention, the first to sixth dielectric lines 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 39 include four materials. Resins such as ethylene fluoride and polystyrene, or low dielectric constant cordierite (2MgO · 2Al2O3 · 5SiO2) ceramics, alumina (Al2O3) ceramics, glass ceramics, etc. are preferable, and these have low loss in the millimeter wave band. is there.

  The first to sixth dielectric lines 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, and 39 are basically rectangular in shape, but have rectangular corners. The shape may be a rounded shape, and various cross-sectional shapes used for high-frequency signal transmission can be used.

  As the material of the ferrite plates 24 and 34, among ferrites, for example, zinc / nickel / iron oxide (ZnaNibFecOx) is suitable for millimeter wave signals.

  In addition, the shape of the ferrite plates 24 and 34 is usually a disc shape, but the planar shape may be a regular polygonal shape. In that case, when the number of dielectric lines to be connected is n (n is an integer of 3 or more), the planar shape is preferably a regular m-square (m is an integer greater than n of 3 or more).

  The non-reflective terminators 28, 38a, 38b are end portions of the fifth dielectric line 27, the fourth and fifth dielectric lines 36, 37 to which the non-reflective terminators 28, 38a, 38b are connected. On the other hand, a film-like resistor or wave absorber is attached to the upper and lower ends of the side surfaces (the surfaces not facing the inner surfaces of the flat conductors 21, 31 and the other flat conductor not shown). That's fine. At that time, the material of the resistor is preferably a nickel chromium alloy or carbon. In addition, as the material of the radio wave absorber, permalloy or sendust is suitable. If these materials are used, a high frequency signal can be attenuated efficiently. Moreover, you may use the thing which can attenuate a high frequency signal by materials other than these.

  Further, the materials of the flat conductors 21, 31 and the other flat conductor not shown are Cu, Al, Fe, Ag, Au, Pt, SUS (stainless steel) in terms of high electrical conductivity and good workability. A conductive plate such as steel or brass (Cu-Zn alloy) is suitable. Or what formed these conductor layers on the surface of the insulating board which consists of ceramics, resin, etc. may be used.

  In the third to sixth high-frequency transmitter / receivers of the present invention, as in the example of the high-frequency transmitter / receiver shown in FIGS. 4 to 8, as the high-frequency transmission line, a non-radiative dielectric line and a dielectric waveguide are used. A line, a waveguide, a dielectric waveguide, a strip line, a microstrip line, a coplanar line, a slot line, or the like may be used.

  Further, the switching RF switch 71 and the second switching RF switch 72 may be the same as those of the modulator 13 described above. Specifically, the modulator 13 in the first and second high-frequency transmitters / receivers is pulse-modulated by switching on / off by changing the transmission characteristics. In the third and fourth high-frequency transmitter / receivers, Switching the connection state from the input end 71a to the output end 71b or the output end 71c, the second terminal 72a to the first terminal 72b It is assumed that the connection state to the third terminal 72c is switched. Since such an RF switch 71 serves as both the branching device 12 and the modulator 13 in the first and second high-frequency transceivers, the number of components constituting the high-frequency transceiver can be reduced. preferable.

  The switching RF switch 71 preferably has a branching device for branching an input high-frequency signal and outputting it to one output end and the other output end, and to each of the one output end and the other output end. The first and second PIN diodes are connected, and a bias circuit for applying a forward bias voltage is connected to at least one of the first and second PIN diodes. The reason is that at least one of the first and second PIN diodes has a low impedance. Therefore, even when the first and second PIN diodes are switched, the impedance viewed from the high-frequency signal input side (high-frequency oscillator 11 side). This is because the load fluctuation of the high-frequency oscillator 11 can be suppressed and the oscillation frequency of the high-frequency signal can be stabilized without using an isolator or the like.

  Further, when the switching of the switching RF switch 71 and the switching of the second switching RF switch 72 are tuned so that the local signal LO and the reception high-frequency signal RFr are simultaneously input to the mixer 16, a desired intermediate frequency signal is obtained. This is preferable because it can be output efficiently.

  In the third and fourth high-frequency transceivers, the example using the second switching RF switch 72 as the signal separator has been described. However, as an alternative to the second switching RF switch 72, a duplexer, a circulator is used. Alternatively, a hybrid circuit or the like may be used.

  In the fifth and sixth high-frequency transceivers, the example using the second rat race hybrid coupler 75 as the signal separator has been described. However, the second rat race hybrid coupler 75 and the terminating resistor are used. As an alternative to 76, a duplexer, a circulator, a switching RF switch, or the like may be used. Further, as a substitute for the rat race type hybrid coupler 73 and the terminating resistor 74, a directional coupler may be used.

  In the present invention, the frequency band used as the high-frequency signal is effective not only in the millimeter wave band but also in the microwave band or lower frequency band.

  Next, a radar apparatus according to the present invention, a vehicle equipped with the radar apparatus and a small ship equipped with the radar apparatus will be described.

  A radar apparatus according to the present invention processes any one of the first to sixth high-frequency transceivers according to the present invention and an intermediate frequency signal output from the high-frequency transceiver to detect distance information to the detection target. A distance information detector.

  According to the radar apparatus of the present invention, because of the above configuration, the transmission / reception performance of the high-frequency transmitter / receiver is good and stable, so that the detection target can be detected quickly and surely, It is possible to provide a radar apparatus that can reliably detect a far object to be detected.

  A vehicle equipped with a radar device according to the present invention includes the radar device according to the present invention, and the radar device is used to detect a detection target.

  According to the radar device-equipped vehicle of the present invention, since it has such a configuration, the behavior of the vehicle is controlled based on the distance information detected by the radar device, and the vehicle is operated as in the conventional radar device-equipped vehicle. For example, it is possible to warn the person who has detected an obstacle or other vehicle on the road by sound, light, or vibration. However, in the vehicle equipped with the radar device of the present invention, the obstacle on the road that is the detection target object. Since the radar device quickly and reliably detects objects and other vehicles, it is possible to perform appropriate control of the vehicle and appropriate warning to the driver without causing the vehicle to take a sudden action. Further, even if the vehicle vibrates, the resistance value of the trimmable chip resistor 2 described above does not change, and even if the radar device is provided outside the vehicle, the resistance value hardly changes with respect to temperature and humidity. Since the set oscillation characteristic can be maintained satisfactorily, a stable detection operation can be realized by a stable radar device.

  The radar device-equipped vehicle of the present invention is not limited to a vehicle for transporting passengers and cargo such as trains, trains, and automobiles, but also bicycles, motorbikes, amusement park vehicles, golf courses, etc. It can also be used for carts and the like.

  A small ship equipped with a radar apparatus according to the present invention includes the radar apparatus according to the present invention, and the radar apparatus is used to detect a detection target.

  According to the radar device-equipped small ship of the present invention, the behavior of the small ship is based on the distance information detected by the radar device in the small ship, similarly to the conventional radar device-equipped vehicle. The radar apparatus according to the present invention operates to control the vehicle, and warn the operator of sound, light, or vibration that an obstacle such as a reef, another ship or other small ship has been detected. In the onboard small vessel, the radar device detects obstacles such as reefs, other vessels or other small vessels, which are detection objects, quickly and reliably, so that the small vessel does not cause a sudden behavior and is small. Appropriate control of the ship and appropriate warning to the operator can be provided. Further, even if the ship vibrates, the resistance value of the trimmable chip resistor 2 described above does not change, and even if the radar device is provided outside the vehicle, the resistance value hardly changes with respect to temperature and humidity. Since the set oscillation characteristic can be maintained satisfactorily, a stable detection operation can be realized by a stable radar device.

  The small-sized ship equipped with the radar device of the present invention is specifically a ship that can be operated without a license for a small ship or a license, and is a boat with a total tonnage of less than 20 tons. Motorcycles, small bass boats with outboard motors, inflatable boats with inboard motors (rubber boats), fishing boats, recreational fishing boats, work boats, houseboats, towing boats, sports boats, fishing boats, yachts, open-sea yachts, cruisers or gross tonnage 20 It can be used for pleasure boats of tons or more.

  Thus, according to the present invention, the bias supply circuit of the variable capacitance element, which is a component of the high-frequency oscillator, includes a semi-fixed resistor, and oscillation characteristics such as an oscillation frequency and a frequency modulation width are provided by the semi-fixed resistor. Can be tuned to a desired state, and a high-frequency oscillator capable of stably obtaining good oscillation characteristics and a high-performance high-frequency transceiver using the same can be provided.

  Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a radar apparatus equipped with such a high-performance high-frequency transceiver, a radar apparatus-equipped vehicle equipped with the radar apparatus, and a radar apparatus-equipped small ship.

  A high frequency oscillator is configured by connecting a bias supply circuit to a pill type Gunn diode having a built-in varactor diode 1 shown in the circuit diagram of FIG. 1 as shown in the circuit diagram of FIG. First, as the trimmable chip resistor 2, a variable range of a desired frequency can be obtained as an adjustment range of the resistance value (in this case, the initial value is 1 kΩ, and the maximum adjustable value is 10 kΩ). .) Was selected, and a plurality of trimmable chip resistors 2 were trimmed as shown in FIG. 3 (a) to confirm the controllability of the resistance values. FIG. 13 shows an example of this in a diagram.

  FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between the number of trimming processes of the trimmable chip resistor 2 and the resistance value in the embodiment of the high-frequency oscillator of the present invention, and the horizontal axis represents the pulsed laser beam as the number of trimming processes. The number of irradiations N (unit: times), the vertical axis indicates the resistance value Rt (unit: kΩ) between the electrodes 2c1 and 2c2 of the trimmable chip resistor 2, and the black square and black circle points are relatively spot sizes, respectively. The measured value of the resistance value Rt with respect to the number N of times of laser beam irradiation when the resistor layer 2b is irradiated with a large laser beam and a laser beam with a relatively small spot size is shown.

  From the results shown in FIG. 13, the resistance value of the trimmable chip resistor 2 increases substantially in proportion to the number of times of laser beam irradiation N, and the rate of increase varies depending on the spot size of the laser beam to be irradiated. It was found that the resistance value of the trimmable chip resistor 2 can be appropriately adjusted by the spot size and the number of irradiations N. Further, when irradiating the laser beam, the laser beam was irradiated by a method in which the same position of the resistor layer 2b was irradiated a plurality of times and then the laser beam was scanned at the next position. As can be clearly seen when trimming is performed using a laser beam having a relatively small spot size, the resistance value Rt tends to saturate as the number of irradiations N at the same irradiation point increases. It was found that the desired resistance value can be reliably trimmed with good reproducibility. Further, it was found that the resistance value Rt gradually increased stepwise by repeating such scanning a plurality of times, and it was possible to perform precise trimming by this method. From the above, in order to perform more precise trimming, the width of the increase in the resistance value Rt, which increases stepwise, can be narrowed by reducing the scanning pitch or the laser beam spot size. I guessed it was good.

  In this example, the area trimmed per one irradiation was controlled by changing the irradiation area per one irradiation by changing the width of the slit through which the laser beam spot size was transmitted. However, it may be controlled by the intensity of the laser beam or the irradiation time per irradiation.

  Next, using this trimmable chip resistor 2, the above trimming is performed a plurality of times while appropriately changing the intensity of the laser beam to confirm the controllability of the oscillation frequency in which the characteristic change is remarkable among the oscillation characteristics. did. An example of this is shown diagrammatically in FIG.

  FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the relationship between the resistance value of the trimmable chip resistor 2 and the oscillation frequency in the embodiment of the high-frequency oscillator of the present invention, and the horizontal axis represents the resistance value Rt (unit: kΩ) of the trimmable chip resistor 2. ) Represents the oscillation frequency ft (unit: GHz) of the high-frequency oscillator, and the solid line represents the actual measurement value of the oscillation frequency ft with respect to the set value of the resistance value Rt. The load condition of the high frequency oscillator was constant.

  From the results shown in FIG. 14, when the set value of the resistance value Rt is changed in the range of about 1 to 10 kΩ, the oscillation frequency changes linearly in proportion to this, and in this example, the frequency is ± 66.5 GHz. Since it can be changed by about 0.2 GHz, it was confirmed that the oscillation frequency ft can be sufficiently adjusted by the trimmable chip resistor 2.

  Next, 30 high-frequency transceivers shown in FIGS. 4 and 6 were prototyped using such a high-frequency oscillator, and after adjusting the oscillation frequency f by the above method, the third dielectric Remove the transmit / receive antenna 15 connected to the end of the line 25, connect the test terminal (test port) of the spectrum analyzer to the end, and transmit the high-frequency signal for transmission with frequency modulation output from the connection When all 30 units were measured, it was found that all 30 units had a uniform oscillation frequency (center frequency of frequency modulation) and frequency modulation width of the high frequency signal for transmission subjected to frequency modulation, and had good oscillation characteristics. confirmed. In this example, since the characteristics of the varactor diode were relatively uniform, it was not necessary to adjust the frequency modulation width.

  Finally, when the radar apparatus including the high-frequency transmitter / receiver is configured and a radar detection test for detecting a detection object approaching the radar apparatus is performed, the high-frequency oscillator is operated as described above. It was confirmed that the radar device that was tuned properly outputs distance information quickly and reliably.

  Thus, according to the present invention, the bias supply circuit of the variable capacitance element, which is a component of the high-frequency oscillator, includes a semi-fixed resistor, and oscillation characteristics such as an oscillation frequency and a frequency modulation width are provided by the semi-fixed resistor. Can be tuned to a desired state, and a high-frequency oscillator can be obtained which can stably obtain good oscillation characteristics. Moreover, the high frequency transmitter / receiver using it became a high performance thing.

  Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and examples, and various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, the bias supply circuit 53 of the Gunn diode 52 may include a semi-fixed resistor that adjusts the bias voltage applied to the Gunn diode 52. In this case, a high frequency oscillator capable of adjusting the oscillation output and load characteristics is obtained. Moreover, you may use the thing which switched the contact of the fixed resistance network to which the some fixed resistance was connected as a semi-fixed resistor with a relay. In this case, the resistance value of the fixed resistor network can be set dynamically, for example, the bias voltage of the high-frequency oscillator 11 is dynamically adjusted so that the operation of the high-frequency oscillator 11 becomes appropriate according to changes in environmental conditions. Or the bias voltage of the high-frequency oscillator 11 can be changed in synchronization with the operation of the modulator 13.

1 is a schematic block circuit diagram showing a variable capacitance element and its bias supply circuit in an example of an embodiment of a high-frequency oscillator of the present invention. (A) And (b) is the typical top view and side view which show the example of the trimmable chip resistance which is a component of the bias supply circuit shown in FIG. 1, and its trimming method, respectively. (A)-(e) is a typical top view which shows the example of the other trimming method in the trimmable chip resistance shown in FIG. 2, respectively. It is a typical block circuit diagram which shows an example of embodiment of the 1st high frequency transmitter-receiver of this invention. It is a typical block circuit diagram which shows an example of embodiment of the 2nd high frequency transmitter-receiver of this invention. It is a typical top view of the high frequency transmitter-receiver shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of the high frequency transceiver shown in FIG. 5. It is a typical perspective view which shows the example of the high frequency modulation part in the modulator of the high frequency transmitter-receiver shown in FIGS. It is a typical block circuit diagram which shows an example of embodiment of the 3rd high frequency transmitter-receiver of this invention. It is a typical block circuit diagram which shows an example of embodiment of the 4th high frequency transmitter-receiver of this invention. It is a typical block circuit diagram which shows an example of embodiment of the 5th high frequency transmitter-receiver of this invention. It is a typical block circuit diagram which shows an example of embodiment of the 6th high frequency transmitter-receiver of this invention. It is a diagram which shows the relationship between the frequency | count of a trimming process of the trimmable chip resistance in the Example of the high frequency oscillator of this invention, and its resistance value. It is a diagram which shows the relationship between the resistance value of a trimmable chip resistor and the oscillation frequency in the Example of the high frequency oscillator of this invention. It is typical sectional drawing which shows the example of a high frequency oscillator. It is a partially broken perspective view which shows the basic composition of a nonradiative dielectric track | line.

Explanation of symbols

1: Varactor diode 2: Trimmable chip resistor 2a: Dielectric substrate 2b: Resistor layer 2c1: Electrode 2c2: Electrode 2d: Trimming part 2d1, 2d3: First cut 2d2, 2d4: Second cut 3: Choke inductor 4: Modulation signal source 5: Test terminal
11: High frequency oscillator
12: Turnout
12a: Input terminal
12b: One output terminal
12c: The other output terminal
13: Modulator
13a: Input terminal
13b: Output terminal
14: Circulator as signal separator
14a: First terminal
14b: Second terminal
14c: Third terminal
15: Transmit / receive antenna
16: Mixer
17: Switch
18: Isolator
18a: Input terminal
18b: Output terminal
19: Transmitting antenna
20: Receive antenna
21, 31: Flat conductor
22, 32: First dielectric line
23, 33: Second dielectric line
24, 34: Ferrite plate
24a, 34a: first terminal
24b, 34b: second terminal
24c, 34c: Third terminal
25, 35: Third dielectric line
26, 36: Fourth dielectric line
27, 37: Fifth dielectric line
28, 38a, 38b: Non-reflective terminator
39: Sixth dielectric line
40, 44: Board
41: Choke-type bias supply line
42: Terminal
43: High-frequency modulation element
45: High-frequency detection element
51: Waveguide
52: Gunn diode
53, 56: Bias supply circuit
54: Resonator
55: Varactor diode
51a: Short circuit end
51b: Output terminal
61, 62: Flat conductor
63: Dielectric line
71: Switching RF switch as a switch
71a: Input terminal
71b: One output terminal
71c: the other output terminal
72: Second switching RF switch as signal separator
72a: Second terminal
72b: first terminal
72c: Third terminal
73: Rat race type hybrid coupler as branching device
73a: Input terminal
73b: One output terminal
73c: The other output terminal
74: Termination resistor
75: Second rat race hybrid coupler as signal separator
75a: First terminal
75b: Second terminal
75c: Third terminal
76: Terminating resistor

Claims (12)

A high-frequency oscillation element for generating a high-frequency signal;
A resonator connected to the high-frequency oscillation element;
A variable capacitance element provided in the resonator for changing a resonance frequency;
A bias supply circuit connected to the variable capacitance element for supplying a bias voltage to be applied to change the capacitance;
The bias supply circuit includes a semi-fixed resistor for adjusting the bias voltage.   The high-frequency oscillator according to claim 1, wherein the semi-fixed resistor is a trimmable chip resistor.   3. The high-frequency oscillator according to claim 1, wherein the bias supply circuit includes a test terminal for applying a test bias voltage to the variable capacitance element. A high-frequency oscillator according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A branching device having two output ends, connected to the output end side of the high-frequency oscillator, branching the high-frequency signal and outputting the branched signal to one output end and the other output end;
A modulator connected to the one output end and modulating a high-frequency signal branched to the one output end to output a transmission high-frequency signal;
A first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal; a high-frequency signal input from one terminal in this order is output from an adjacent next terminal; and an output of the modulator is the first terminal A signal separator input to the terminal;
A transmitting and receiving antenna connected to the second terminal of the signal separator;
A high-frequency signal branched to the other output end connected between the other output end of the branching device and the third terminal of the signal separator and a high-frequency signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna A high-frequency transmitter / receiver comprising a mixer that mixes and outputs an intermediate frequency signal. A high-frequency oscillator according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A branching device having two output ends, connected to the output end side of the high-frequency oscillator, branching the high-frequency signal and outputting the branched signal to one output end and the other output end;
A modulator connected to the one output end and modulating a high-frequency signal branched to the one output end to output a transmission high-frequency signal;
An isolator having an input terminal and an output terminal, the input terminal being connected to an output end of the modulator, and transmitting the high-frequency signal for transmission from the input terminal side to the output terminal side;
A transmitting antenna connected to the output terminal of the isolator;
A receiving antenna connected to the other output end of the splitter;
The intermediate frequency signal is obtained by mixing the high-frequency signal branched between the other output end and the high-frequency signal received by the receiving antenna, connected between the other output end of the branching device and the receiving antenna. A high-frequency transmitter / receiver comprising a mixer for output. A high-frequency oscillator according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A switch that has two output ends, is connected to the output end side of the high-frequency oscillator, and selectively outputs the high-frequency signal from one output end and the other output end;
A first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal are provided. A high-frequency signal input from one terminal in this order is output from an adjacent next terminal, and a high-frequency signal output from the one output terminal. A signal separator in which a signal is input to the first terminal;
A transmitting and receiving antenna connected to the second terminal;
A mixer that is connected to the other output end and the third terminal and that mixes a high-frequency signal output from the other output end and a high-frequency signal received by the antenna to output an intermediate frequency signal; A high frequency transceiver characterized by that. A high-frequency oscillator according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A switch that has two output ends, is connected to the output end side of the high-frequency oscillator, and selectively outputs the high-frequency signal from one output end and the other output end;
A transmitting antenna connected to the one output end;
A receiving antenna;
A mixer that is connected to the other output end and the receiving antenna, and that mixes a high-frequency signal output from the other output end and a high-frequency signal received by the receiving antenna to output an intermediate frequency signal; A high frequency transceiver characterized by. A high-frequency oscillator according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A branching device having two output ends, connected to the output end side of the high-frequency oscillator, branching the high-frequency signal and outputting the branched signal to one output end and the other output end;
A first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal are provided, and a high-frequency signal input from one terminal in this order is output from the next adjacent terminal, and from the one output terminal of the branching device A signal separator that is input to the first terminal;
A transmitting and receiving antenna connected to the second terminal of the signal separator;
A high-frequency signal that is connected between the other output end of the branching device and the third terminal of the signal separator and that is branched to the other output end and a high-frequency signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna are mixed. And a mixer for outputting an intermediate frequency signal. A high-frequency oscillator according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A branching device having two output ends, connected to the output end side of the high-frequency oscillator, branching the high-frequency signal and outputting the branched signal to one output end and the other output end;
A transmission antenna connected to the one output terminal of the branching device;
A receiving antenna connected to the other output end of the splitter;
The intermediate frequency signal is obtained by mixing the high-frequency signal branched between the other output end and the high-frequency signal received by the receiving antenna, connected between the other output end of the branching device and the receiving antenna. A high-frequency transmitter / receiver comprising a mixer for output.   A high frequency transceiver according to any one of claims 4 to 9, and a distance information detector for processing the intermediate frequency signal output from the high frequency transceiver and detecting distance information to a detection target A radar apparatus comprising:   A radar device-equipped vehicle comprising the radar device according to claim 10, wherein the radar device is used for detection of an object to be detected.   11. A small ship equipped with a radar apparatus, comprising the radar apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the radar apparatus is used for detection of a detection object.

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