JP2006020305A - 移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法 - Google Patents

移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法 Download PDF

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JP2006020305A
JP2006020305A JP2005183416A JP2005183416A JP2006020305A JP 2006020305 A JP2006020305 A JP 2006020305A JP 2005183416 A JP2005183416 A JP 2005183416A JP 2005183416 A JP2005183416 A JP 2005183416A JP 2006020305 A JP2006020305 A JP 2006020305A
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gob
current
screen
video signal
previous
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JP4420862B2 (ja
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Kwang-Deok Seo
クァン−ドク ソ
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LG Electronics Inc
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LG Electronics Inc
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Abstract

【課題】 移動通信端末機に効果的に適用できる実用的な映像信号符号化ビットレート制御方法を提供する。
【解決手段】 移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法は、映像信号の現在画面を所定サイズのGOBに分割する段階と、前記分割されたGOBのうち伝送される現在GOBが1番目のGOBであるか否かを判断する段階と、前記伝送される現在GOBが1番目のGOBでないと、以前GOBの制御パラメータ値を利用して前記現在GOBのビット量を制御して伝送する段階と、を含む。
画面内GOBアップデート方式と画面間GOBアップデート方式を混合したハイブリッド方式を利用するため、画面間ビット量の変化が大いに減少し、チャンネルのデータ伝送を効率的に利用することができ、使用者に最適の画質を提供する。
【選択図】 図2

Description

本発明は、移動通信端末機に関し、特に、移動通信端末機の映像信号をGOB(Group of Block)単位で符号化して伝送する方法に関する。
一般に、移動通信システムの映像信号伝送技術としてはH.263が使用され、このH.263の伝送ビットレート制御方法としては、TMN5(Test Model Near−term 5)に提示された方法が主に使用されている。
しかしながら、TMN5に提示された方法は、伝送ビットレートの面では良い性能を示すが、最高画質を保持する機能、すなわち、歪み(distortion)を最小化する面では性能が劣化する。これは、INTRA、INTER、SKIPなどのマクロブロック符号化モードが歪みにより決定されるのでなく、発生ビット量により決定されるためである。
このようなTMN5の短所を補完するために、従来のR−D(Rate−Distortion)の観点から最も代表的な最適化されたビットレート制御方法が、「IEEE Transactions On Circuits And Systems For Video Technology」の1996年4月号(Vol.6, No.2)で、Thomas Wiegandなどによって発表された「Rate−Distortion Optimized Mode Selection For Very Low Bit Rate Video Coding And The Emerging H.263 Standard」技術である[非特許文献1]。この技術は、量子化パラメータ(Quantization Parameter)を使用せずに、R−D関係による制御パラメータ、すなわち、ラグランジュ乗数(Lagrange Multiplier)ラムダ(λ)を使用している。
図3は、一般的なR−D関係を示すグラフである。
図3に示すように、画面の特性によって得られたR−D関係グラフにおいて目標ビットレート(R)が決まると、歪みを最小にするλが決定される。逆に、R−D関係グラフにおいて傾斜度λ値を決めると、該当ビットレートと歪みが決定される。これは、λ値を利用したビットレートの制御が可能であることを示す。
Thomas Wiegandは、前記λ値を次のような式(1)によって計算した。
Figure 2006020305
式(1)で、kは画面の順序がk番目であることを示し、λk+1はk+1番目のλ値を示す。また、Rは、k番目の画面を符号化した際の符号化ビットレートを示し、Rは、一画面を符号化して伝送するために必要な目標ビットレートを示す。
すなわち、式(1)で現在画面のλ値は以前画面を符号化した際の符号化ビットレート(R)と以前画面を符号化して伝送するために必要な目標ビットレート(R)によって決定される。
図4は、従来技術による画面間λ値アップデートの原理を示す図である。
図4に示すように、従来は、λ値が画面単位で更新される画面間アップデート(INTER UPDATE)方式によってアップデートされていた。すなわち、1番目の画面ではλの値によってビットレートを制御し、2番目の画面ではλの値を利用してλの値を求め、そのλによってビットレートを制御し、k番目の画面ではk−1の値を利用してλの値を求め、そのλによってビットレートを制御する方式である。
このように、以前画面に適用されたλ値に基づいて現在画面のλ値を求める従来の画面間アップデート方式は、以前画面の映像信号特性と現在画面の映像信号特性とがほぼ同一であり、ビット量が少ない映像信号(動きが少ない場合)の伝送には効果的である。
しかしながら、従来の画面間アップデート方式は、動きが激しい場合、画面単位に割り当てられるビット量が多くなると、発生するビット量の誤差が大きくなるため、効果的なビットレート制御ができず、よって、受信側では画質変化が激しくなる。
すなわち、画面単位でλ値をアップデートして目標ビットレートを合せる方式は、画面間の発生ビット量の変動量(fluctuation)が大きいため、画面間の画質変化量が非常に大きくなり、復号化器側に一層大きいバッファサイズが必要であるという問題点があり、さらに、鮮明な画質の映像信号が伝送できないという問題点があった。
Thomas Wiegandら、「IEEE Transactions On Circuits And Systems For Video Technology」、1996年4月号(Vol.6, No.2)
従って、本発明の目的は、移動通信端末機に効果的に適用できる実用的な映像信号符号化ビットレート制御方法を提供することにある。
このような目的を達成するために、本発明による移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法は、映像信号の現在画面を所定サイズのGOBに分割する段階と、前記分割されたGOBのうち伝送される現在GOBが1番目のGOBであるか否かを判断する段階と、前記伝送される現在GOBが1番目のGOBでないと、以前GOBの制御パラメータ値を利用して前記現在GOBのビット量を制御して伝送する段階と、を含む。
好ましくは、本発明は、映像通話以外にも、類似した画面特性を有する映像を符号化して伝送する全てのマルチメディア応用に適用できる。
好ましくは、映像信号の1番目の画面の1番目のGOBに対する制御パラメータ値としては任意に適当な値を割り当てる。
好ましくは、本発明は、画面間GOBアップデート方式と画面内GOBアップデート方式を混合したハイブリッド方式を利用する。
上記目的を達成するために、本発明は、例えば、以下の手段を提供する。
(項目1)
映像信号の現在画面を所定サイズのGOBに分割する段階と、
前記分割されたGOBのうち伝送される現在GOBが1番目のGOBであるか否かを判断する段階と、
前記伝送される現在GOBが1番目のGOBでないと、以前GOBの制御パラメータ値を利用して前記現在GOBのビット量を制御して伝送する段階と、
からなることを特徴とする移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
(項目2)
前記判断する段階で、前記現在GOBが1番目のGOBであると、以前画面の1番目のGOBの制御パラメータ値を利用して前記現在GOBのビット量を制御して伝送する段階をさらに含むことを特徴とする項目1に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
(項目3)
前記現在GOBのビット量が、前記以前画面の前記1番目のGOBの制御パラメータ値、符号化ビット量、前記現在画面の目標ビット量を前記現在画面のGOBの総数で割った値を利用して制御されることを特徴とする項目2に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
(項目4)
前記制御パラメータが、ラグランジュ乗数を含むことを特徴とする項目1に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
(項目5)
前記映像信号の1番目の画面の1番目のGOBに対する前記制御パラメータ値は任意に割り当てられることを特徴とする項目1に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
(項目6)
前記現在GOBのビット量が、
Figure 2006020305
の式を利用して制御されることを特徴とする項目2に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
(項目7)
前記
Figure 2006020305
が、前記現在(n番目)画面の1番目のGOBの制御パラメータ値であることを特徴とする項目6に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
(項目8)
前記
Figure 2006020305
が、前記以前(n−1番目)画面の1番目のGOBを符号化して得られた符号化ビット量であることを特徴とする項目6に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
(項目9)
前記Btargetが、前記現在画面の目標ビット量であることを特徴とする項目6に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
(項目10)
前記gが、前記現在画面のGOBの数であることを特徴とする項目6に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
(項目11)
前記現在GOBのビット量が、前記現在画面内で前記以前GOBの制御パラメータ値、前記以前GOBまで符号化した符号化ビット量の総和、前記以前GOBまで符号化した総符号化ビット量と前記現在GOBまで割り当てられた総目標ビット量との差値を利用して制御されることを特徴とする項目1に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
(項目12)
前記現在GOBのビット量が、
Figure 2006020305
の式を利用して制御されることを特徴とする項目11に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
(項目13)
前記
Figure 2006020305
が、前記以前GOBの制御パラメータ値であることを特徴とする項目12に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
(項目14)
前記
Figure 2006020305
が、前記現在画面内で前記以前GOBまで符号化した符号化ビット量の総和であることを特徴とする項目12に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
(項目15)
前記mが、前記現在画面内で1番目のGOBから前記現在GOBまでのGOBの総数であることを特徴とする項目12に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
(項目16)
前記gが、前記現在画面内で前記GOBの総数であることを特徴とする項目12に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
(項目17)
前記
Figure 2006020305
であることを特徴とする項目12に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
(項目18)
前記Bnewtargetが、新しく設定された目標ビット量であることを特徴とする項目17に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
(項目19)
前記bが、前記現在画面内で前記現在GOB以後から最終GOBまでのGOBの総数であることを特徴とする項目17に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
(項目20)
前記
Figure 2006020305
が、前記現在画面内で前記以前GOBまで符号化した符号化ビット量の総和と前記現在画面の目標ビット量を前記現在画面のGOBの総数で割った値に前記現在画面の前記以前GOBの数を掛けた値との差値であることを特徴とする項目17に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
(項目21)
前記制御方法によって画面間発生ビット量の変化を大幅に減らすことを特徴とする項目11に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
本発明による移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法は、映像信号の各画面を多数のGOBに分割して以前画面の1番目のGOBまたは現在画面の以前GOBに対するλ値を利用して現在GOBの値を求めるものであり、画面内GOBアップデート方式と画面間GOBアップデート方式を混合したハイブリッド方式を利用する。ハイブリッド方式を利用するので、画面間ビット量の変化が大いに減少し、チャンネルのデータ伝送を効率的に利用することができ、最適状態の画質を保障するという効果がある。
以下、図面を参照して本発明の望ましい実施形態を説明する。
本発明の基本概念は、移動通信端末機の映像伝送において、画面間GOBアップデート(INTER GOB UPDATE)方式と画面内GOBアップデート(INTRA GOB UPDATE)方式を利用して映像信号の符号化ビットレートを制御する方法を提供することである。
図1は、本発明による映像信号のλ値アップデート方法を説明するための図である。
本発明によるQCIF(Quarter Common Interchange Format)映像信号は、図1に示すように、176×144ピクセル(pixel)サイズの映像信号を176*16ピクセルサイズのGOBに分割した信号である。
本発明による移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法は、以前画面の1番目のGOBの制御パラメータ値(λ)を利用して現在画面の1番目のGOBのλ値を決定する画面間GOBアップデート方式と伝送される画面内で以前GOBのλ値を利用して現在GOBのλ値を決定する画面内GOBアップデート方式を混合したハイブリッド(hybrid)方式を利用する。
制御パラメータ値
Figure 2006020305
で、上付き文字nは伝送される画面の順序を示し、下付き文字mは現在画面におけるGOBの順序を示す。
以下、本発明による画面間GOBアップデート方式と画面内GOBアップデート方式について詳細に説明する。
画面間GOBアップデート方式は、以前画面の1番目のGOBに対するλ値が以前画面と近似した特性を有する現在画面の1番目のGOBに水平的に伝送されて現在画面の1番目のGOBのλ値を決定するために使用される方式である。
本発明による一画面の1番目のGOBに対するλ値は次の式(2)により求められる。
Figure 2006020305
式(2)で、
Figure 2006020305
は、以前(n−1番目)画面の1番目のGOBを符号化して得られた符号化ビット量を示し、Btargetは、現在画面の目標ビット量を示し、gは、現在画面のGOBの数を示す。
式(2)をさらに説明すると、現在(n番目)画面の1番目のGOBに対するλ値
Figure 2006020305
は、以前(n−1番目)画面の1番目のGOBに対するλ値
Figure 2006020305
以前(n−1番目)画面の1番目のGOBを符号化して得られた符号化ビット量
Figure 2006020305
現在画面の目標ビット量(Btarget)によりアップデートされる。
また、図1で、1番目の画面の1番目のGOBに対する制御パラメータ値
Figure 2006020305
としては任意に適当な値が割り当てられるが、前記割り当てられたλ値が正確でなくても、以後のいくつかのGOBに対する符号化過程を経るにつれて正確な値に収束してアップデートされるため、問題がない。
画面内GOBアップデート方式は、該当画面内で、以前GOBのλ値を利用して現在GOBのλ値を決定する方式である。
本発明による画面内のGOB間のλ値アップデートは、次の式(3)により更新される。
Figure 2006020305
式(3)で、“bit_diff”は、現在画面内で以前GOBまで符号化した符号化ビット量の総和
Figure 2006020305
と現在画面の目標ビット量(Btarget)を前記現在画面のGOBの総数(g)で割った値に前記現在画面の前記以前GOBの数(m−1)を掛けた値との差値である。
式(3)をさらに説明すると、前記2つの結果値、すなわち、
Figure 2006020305
の計算結果を比較して、
Figure 2006020305
が大きいことは、前記以前GOBまで使用された総符号化ビット量が目標ビット量より多いことを示し、逆に、
Figure 2006020305
が小さいことは、現在GOBまで使用されたビット量が目標ビット量より少ないことを示す。
式(3)から得た“bit_diff”値を利用して、新しく設定された目標ビット量Bnewtarget値を次の式(4)により算出する。
Figure 2006020305
式(4)で、b値は、現在画面内で前記現在GOBの以後から最終GOBまでのGOBの総数を示す。すなわち、以後いくつのGOBを通じて補償するかを決定する定数である。
例えば、前記b値が1であると、現在まで発生したビット量の差をすぐ次のGOBで全て補償するように設定し、前記b値が5であると、今後5回のλ値の更新を通じて現在GOBまでのビット量の差を補償するように設定する。
結果的に、各画面の2番目のGOBからのλ値は、式(3)及び式(4)を利用して次の式(5)によって演算される。
Figure 2006020305
言い換えると、各画面の1番目のGOBに対するλ値は式(2)に適用され、各画面の2番目から最後までのGOBに対するλ値は式(5)に適用される。
図2は、本発明による移動通信端末機の映像信号λ値のアップデート方法のフローを示す図である。
以下、図1及び図2を参照して本発明による移動通信端末機の映像信号λ値のアップデート方法を詳細に説明する。
好ましくは、伝送される映像信号の1番目の画面の1番目のGOBに対する制御パラメータ値(λ)としては任意に適当な値が割り当てられることを特徴とする。
使用者が移動通信端末機(UE)を利用して映像信号を無線送信する場合、前記端末機は伝送される映像の画面を176×16ピクセルサイズのGOBに分割する(S110、S112)。
前記分割されたGOBのうち送信されるGOBが現在画面の1番目のGOBであるか否かを判断し(S114)、前記GOBが1番目のGOBと判断されると、以前画面の1番目のGOBの制御パラメータ値(λ)と式(2)を適用して現在画面の1番目のGOBのλ値を算出し(S116)、前記GOBが1番目のGOBでないと、同一画面内の以前GOBのλ値と式(5)を適用して該当GOBのλ値を算出する(S118)。
前記算出された該当GOBのλ値を利用して該当GOBのビット量を制御して、その制御されたGOBを伝送し(S120)、式(3)及び式(4)を適用して現在GOBまで符号化した符号化ビット量の総和
Figure 2006020305
と前記現在画面の目標ビット量を前記現在画面のGOBの総数で割った値に前記現在画面の前記以前GOBの数を掛けた値
Figure 2006020305
との差値をアップデートする(S122)。
前記過程(S122)で、
Figure 2006020305
との差値をアップデートした後、前記差値を利用して現在画面のGOBの目標ビット量を新しい目標ビット量(Bnewtarget)に設定し、該当GOBが最終GOBであるか否かを判断する(S124、S126)。前記S126の判断過程で、最終GOBでないと判断されると、前記S114の演算過程に帰還(feedback)してS118〜S124の過程を繰り返し、前記S126の判断過程で、最終GOBと判断されると、伝送される映像信号の最終画面であるか否かを判断する(S128)。
前記S128の判断過程で、最終画面でないと判断されると、前記S112の過程に帰還(feedback)して、S114〜S126の過程を繰り返して実行し、最終画面と判断されると、これ以上伝送する画面がないので、終了する。
以上のように、本発明の好ましい実施形態を用いて本発明を例示してきたが、本発明は、この実施形態に限定して解釈されるべきものではない。本発明は、特許請求の範囲によってのみその範囲が解釈されるべきであることが理解される。当業者は、本発明の具体的な好ましい実施形態の記載から、本発明の記載および技術常識に基づいて等価な範囲を実施することができることが理解される。本明細書において引用した特許、特許出願および文献は、その内容自体が具体的に本明細書に記載されているのと同様にその内容が本明細書に対する参考として援用されるべきであることが理解される。
移動通信端末機に効果的に適用できる実用的な映像信号符号化ビットレート制御方法を提供する。
移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法は、映像信号の現在画面を所定サイズのGOBに分割する段階と、前記分割されたGOBのうち伝送される現在GOBが1番目のGOBであるか否かを判断する段階と、前記伝送される現在GOBが1番目のGOBでないと、以前GOBの制御パラメータ値を利用して前記現在GOBのビット量を制御して伝送する段階と、を含む。
画面内GOBアップデート方式と画面間GOBアップデート方式を混合したハイブリッド方式を利用するため、画面間ビット量の変化が大いに減少し、チャンネルのデータ伝送を効率的に利用することができ、使用者に最適の画質を提供する。
本発明による映像信号のλ値のアップデート方法を説明するための図である。 本発明による映像信号のλ値のアップデート方法のフローを示す図である。 一般的なR−D関係を示すグラフである。 従来技術による映像信号のλ値のアップデート方法を説明するための図である。

Claims (21)

  1. 映像信号の現在画面を所定サイズのGOBに分割する段階と、
    前記分割されたGOBのうち伝送される現在GOBが1番目のGOBであるか否かを判断する段階と、
    前記伝送される現在GOBが1番目のGOBでないと、以前GOBの制御パラメータ値を利用して前記現在GOBのビット量を制御して伝送する段階と、
    からなることを特徴とする移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
  2. 前記判断する段階で、前記現在GOBが1番目のGOBであると、以前画面の1番目のGOBの制御パラメータ値を利用して前記現在GOBのビット量を制御して伝送する段階をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
  3. 前記現在GOBのビット量が、前記以前画面の前記1番目のGOBの制御パラメータ値、符号化ビット量、前記現在画面の目標ビット量を前記現在画面のGOBの総数で割った値を利用して制御されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
  4. 前記制御パラメータが、ラグランジュ乗数を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
  5. 前記映像信号の1番目の画面の1番目のGOBに対する前記制御パラメータ値は任意に割り当てられることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
  6. 前記現在GOBのビット量が、
    Figure 2006020305
    の式を利用して制御されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
  7. 前記
    Figure 2006020305
    が、前記現在(n番目)画面の1番目のGOBの制御パラメータ値であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
  8. 前記
    Figure 2006020305
    が、前記以前(n−1番目)画面の1番目のGOBを符号化して得られた符号化ビット量であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
  9. 前記Btargetが、前記現在画面の目標ビット量であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
  10. 前記gが、前記現在画面のGOBの数であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
  11. 前記現在GOBのビット量が、前記現在画面内で前記以前GOBの制御パラメータ値、前記以前GOBまで符号化した符号化ビット量の総和、前記以前GOBまで符号化した総符号化ビット量と前記現在GOBまで割り当てられた総目標ビット量との差値を利用して制御されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
  12. 前記現在GOBのビット量が、
    Figure 2006020305
    の式を利用して制御されることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
  13. 前記
    Figure 2006020305
    が、前記以前GOBの制御パラメータ値であることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
  14. 前記
    Figure 2006020305
    が、前記現在画面内で前記以前GOBまで符号化した符号化ビット量の総和であることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
  15. 前記mが、前記現在画面内で1番目のGOBから前記現在GOBまでのGOBの総数であることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
  16. 前記gが、前記現在画面内で前記GOBの総数であることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
  17. 前記
    Figure 2006020305
    であることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
  18. 前記Bnewtargetが、新しく設定された目標ビット量であることを特徴とする請求項17に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
  19. 前記bが、前記現在画面内で前記現在GOB以後から最終GOBまでのGOBの総数であることを特徴とする請求項17に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
  20. 前記
    Figure 2006020305
    が、前記現在画面内で前記以前GOBまで符号化した符号化ビット量の総和と前記現在画面の目標ビット量を前記現在画面のGOBの総数で割った値に前記現在画面の前記以前GOBの数を掛けた値との差値であることを特徴とする請求項17に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
  21. 前記制御方法によって画面間発生ビット量の変化を大幅に減らすことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の移動通信端末機の映像信号伝送方法。
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