CN100466734C - 编码图像信号 - Google Patents

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Publication number
CN100466734C
CN100466734C CNB2005100823300A CN200510082330A CN100466734C CN 100466734 C CN100466734 C CN 100466734C CN B2005100823300 A CNB2005100823300 A CN B2005100823300A CN 200510082330 A CN200510082330 A CN 200510082330A CN 100466734 C CN100466734 C CN 100466734C
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CN1717057A (zh
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徐光德
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LG Electronics Inc
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LG Electronics Inc
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于编码无线通信系统的信号的方法，该方法包括把信号的当前帧划分成每个具有确定尺寸的多个GOB(模块组)，确定被编码的多个GOB的当前GOB是否是当前帧的第一GOB，根据当前的GOB是否是当前帧的第一GOB来计算当前GOB的控制参数值，根据控制参数值控制当前GOB的编码比特率，和编码当前的GOB。优选地，使用其中使用了帧之间GOB更新方法和帧内GOB更新方法的混合方法，以便减少帧之间的比特率变化并有效地作出信道的数据传输，以此提供给用户最佳的图像质量。

Description

编码图像信号
技术领域
本发明涉及编码数字化的视频用户设备，并且更为具体的说涉及经GOB(模块组)单元编码图像信号之后编码用户设备中的图像信号。
背景技术
通常，移动通信系统中用于传输的编码动态图像(视频)信号是基于H.263视频编码标准。用于控制H263视频编码的编码比特率的最普通使用的方法是TMN5(测试模型近期版本5)建议的方法。
尽管对于编码比特率可以良好地执行，在TMN5中建议的方法的缺点在于不能保持最好的图像质量，特别的是，最小化失真。这是因为选择宏模块编码模式，比如INTRA、INTER、SKIP等等，是基于产生的比特量(即编码器输出缓存器占用率)所确定的而不在失真方面。
作为TMN5方法中的针对这种不足的补偿方式，“Rate-DistortionOptimized Mode Selection For Very Low Bit Rate Video Coding And TheEmerging H.263 Standard”，IEEE Transactions On Circuits And SystemsFor Video Technology，Vol.6，No.2，April，1996，Thomas Wiegand等已经建议了用于控制现有技术R-D(速率失真)中比特率的最有代表性的和最佳的方法。前述的技术使用根据R-D关系确定的编码控制参数(用于选择编码方式)，就是说，Lagrange乘子(拉格朗日乘子)(λ)，而不使用量化参数。
图1示例了普通的R-D关系。如图所示，如果在通过帧的特性而获得的R-D关系中确定目标比特率(Rt)，Lagrange乘子(λ)被确定。相反，如果确定对应于R-D图中函数(曲线)的负斜率的Lagrange乘子(λ)，则因此确定相应的比特率和失真。这意味着通过使用Lagrange乘子(λ)可以控制比特率。
Wiegand等建议，对于视频序列的每帧或每个GOB(K索引的)，可以通过下式(1)动态获得λ的值。
λ k + 1 = λ k + ( R c R k - 1 )      公式(1)
在公式1中，k表示第k帧或GOB的顺序，且λk+1表示对于第k+1th帧或GOB的λ的值。此外，Rk表示通过编码第k帧产生的编码比特率。Rc表示速率约束，其是编码帧或GOB所需的目标比特率。
在公式(1)中，用于当前帧的λ的值通过编码先前帧产生的编码比特率(Rk)和编码先前帧所需的目标比特率(Rt)所确定。
图2示例了帧之间λ值更新的现有技术的原理。如图所示，通过现有技术中的帧之间更新方法来更新λ的值。就是说，基于值λ1控制第一帧的编码的比特率，和基于值λ2控制第二帧的编码的比特率，值λ2是基于λ1所获得的。因而，基于值λk控制第k帧的编码比特率，值λk是基于λk-1而获得的。
如上所述，现有技术的帧之间的编码参数更新方法中，基于用于先前帧的λ的值获得用于当前帧的λ的值，它的优点在于用低比特率编码图像信号。这里，当先前帧的图像信号的特性几乎与当前帧的相同并且很少移动时，比特率是低的。
然而，在现有技术的帧之间的编码参数更新方法中，如果由帧单元使用的比特率由于较高的移动而增加，会不期望的增加产生的比特率中的错误。因此，不能有效地控制比特率，由此引起接收机接收的图像在质量上严重改变。
特别的是，在通过帧单元更新λ值以控制目标比特率的方法中具有下列问题。首先，由于帧之间产生的比特率中的波动会很大，逐帧的图像质量会有很大差别。此外，解码器端需要较大尺寸的缓存器。而且，具有高质量的图像信号不能被发送到接收机。
发明内容
本发明涉及编码无线通信系统的信号。
本发明的其它优点、目的和特征将在随后的说明中部分地描述，经过以下检验或从本发明的实践中学习，上述优点、目的和特征对于本领域的普通技术人员来说是显而易见的。本发明的目的和优点可以如所附说明书及其权利要求书和附图中所特别指出的来实现和获得。
为实现本发明的这些和其它的优点，以及根据本发明的目的，如这里具体地和广泛地描述的，本发明具体表现为用于编码无线通信系统的信号的方法，该方法包括把信号的当前帧划分成每个具有确定尺寸的多个GOB(模块组)，确定多个GOB的被编码的当前GOB是否是当前帧的第一GOB，根据当前的GOB是否是当前帧的第一GOB来计算当前GOB的控制参数值，根据当前GOB的控制参数值控制当前GOB的编码比特率，和编码当前的GOB。
优选地，如果确定当前的GOB是当前帧的第一GOB，基于信号的先前帧的第一个GOB的控制参数值来计算当前GOB的控制参数值。如果确定当前的GOB不是当前帧的第一GOB，基于当前帧的先前GOB的控制参数值来计算当前GOB的控制参数值。
在本发明的一个方面中，该方法进一步包括更新分配到当前GOB的全部比特率和目标比特率之间的差值，更新目标比特率，确定当前GOB是否是当前帧的最后GOB，和如果确定当前GOB是当前帧的最后GOB，确定当前帧是否是信号的最后帧。
优选地，信号是视频信号。控制参数是拉格朗日乘子。对应于信号的第一帧的第一GOB的控制参数值被任意的分配。
在本发明另一个方面中，根据公式 λ 1 n = λ 1 n - 1 + ( B 1 n - 1 B t arg et / g - 1 ) 控制当前GOB的编码比特率，其中
Figure C200510082330D00072
是用于编码当前帧(第n帧)的第一GOB的控制参数，
Figure C200510082330D00073
是编码先前帧(第n-1帧)的第一GOB所获得的编码比特率，Btarget是当前帧的目标比特率，且g是当前帧的GOB数。
优选地，根据当前帧内的先前的GOB的控制参数值，直到先前GOB的被编码的编码比特率的总和以及直到先前GOB的被编码的总的编码比特率和直到当前GOB的被分配的总的目标比特率之间的差值来控制当前GOB的比特率，由此减少连续编码的帧之间的比特率变化。
根据公式 λ m n = λ m - 1 n + ( Σ k = 1 m - 1 B k n m - 1 g B newt arg et - 1 ) 控制当前GOB的比特率，其中
Figure C200510082330D00075
是用于编码先前GOB的控制参数值，
Figure C200510082330D00076
是针对当前帧内直到先前GOB的被编码的所有GOB的编码比特率的总和，m是当前帧内从第一个GOB到当前GOB的GOB总数，和g是当前帧内GOB的总数。
优选地，Bnewtarget等于其中Bnewtarget是新设定的目标比特率，b是当前帧内当前GOB之后的直到最后GOB的GOB总数，且 bit _ diff = Σ k = 1 m - 1 B k n - m - 1 g B t arg et 是当前帧内直到先前GOB的被编码的编码比特率的总和与通过将当前帧的先前GOB数乘以一个值所获得的值之间的差值，该相乘的值是通过当前帧的目标比特率除以当前帧的GOB总数而获得的。
在本发明的另一实施例中，用于编码无线通信系统的信号的方法包括把信号的当前帧划分成每个具有确定尺寸的多个GOB(模块组)，确定多个GOB的被编码的当前GOB是否是当前帧的第一GOB，如果确定当前GOB是当前帧的第一GOB，基于信号的先前帧的第一GOB的控制参数值来计算当前GOB的控制参数值，如果确定当前GOB不是当前帧的第一GOB，基于当前帧的先前GOB的控制参数值来计算当前GOB的控制参数值，根据控制参数值控制当前GOB的编码比特率，和编码当前GOB。
在本发明的一个方面中，该方法进一步包括更新在分配到当前GOB的总比特率和目标比特率之间的差值，更新目标比特率，确定当前GOB是否是当前帧的最后GOB，和如果当前GOB被确定是当前帧的最后GOB，确定当前帧是否是信号的最后帧。
优选地，信号是视频信号，控制参数是拉格朗日乘子。对应于信号的第一帧的第一GOB的控制参数值被任意的分配。
在本发明另一个方面中，根据公式 λ 1 n = λ 1 n - 1 + ( B 1 n - 1 B t arg et / g - 1 ) 控制当前GOB的编码比特率，其中
Figure C200510082330D00082
是用于编码当前帧(第n帧)的第一GOB的控制参数，
Figure C200510082330D00083
是编码先前帧(第n-1帧)的第一GOB所获得的编码比特率，Btarget是当前帧的目标比特率，和g是当前帧的GOB数。
优选地，根据当前帧内的先前的GOB的控制参数值，直到先前GOB的被编码的编码比特率的总和以及在直到先前GOB的被编码的总的编码比特率和直到当前GOB的分配的总的目标比特率之间的差值来控制当前GOB的比特率，由此减少连续编码的帧之间的比特率变化。
根据公式 λ m n = λ m - 1 n + ( Σ k = 1 m - 1 B k n m - 1 g B newt arg et - 1 ) 控制当前GOB的比特率，其中是用于编码先前GOB的控制参数值，
Figure C200510082330D00093
是针对当前帧内直到先前GOB的被编码的所有GOB的编码比特率的总和，m是当前帧内从第一个GOB到当前GOB的GOB总数，且g是当前帧内GOB的总数。
优选地，Bnewtarget等于
Figure C200510082330D00094
其中Bnewtarget是新设定的目标比特率，b是当前帧内当前GOB之后直到最后GOB的GOB总数，且 bit _ diff = Σ k = 1 m - 1 B k n - m - 1 g B t arg et 是在当前帧内直到先前GOB的被编码的编码比特率的总和与通过将当前帧的先前GOB数乘以一个值所获得的值之间的差值，该相乘的值是通过当前帧的目标比特率除以当前帧的GOB总数而获得的。
应该明白，本发明的前面的一般性描述和下面的详细描述是示例性的，并意在提供如权利要求所述的本发明的进一步的解释。
附图说明
附图是为了能进一步了解本发明而包含的，并且被纳入本说明书中构成本说明书的一部分，这些附图示出了本发明的实施例，并用于与本说明书一起对本发明的原理进行说明。在不同附图中通过相同的数字参考的本发明的特性、元件和方面表示根据一个或多个实施例的相同的、等效的或类似的特性、元件或方面。
图1示例了普通速率-失真(R-D)关系。
图2示例了根据现有技术的用于编码图像信号的更新λ值的方法。
图3示例了根据本发明实施例的用于编码图像信号的更新λ值的方法。
图4是示例了根据本发明实施例的用于编码图像信号的更新λ值的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及通过使用帧之间的GOB更新方法对图像信号的编码比特率进行控制的方法，和涉及当使用用户设备(UE)发送图像时帧内的GOB更新方法。例如，UE也可以被称作移动设备，用户单元，远程站，和移动终端。
图3示例了根据本发明一个实施例的用于更新图像信号的λ值的方法。如图所示，176-144像素尺寸的四分之一公共交换格式(QCIF)的视频图像信号帧被分成176-16像素尺寸的GOB((宏)模块组)。
根据本发明一个实施例的用于在UE中发送图像信号的方法采用混合的方法，其中组合了帧之间GOB更新方法和帧内GOB更新方法。优选地，在帧之间GOB更新方法中，基于先前帧的第一GOB的控制参数值(λ)确定当前帧的第一GOB的λ值。在帧内GOB更新方法中，基于被发送的相同的(当前的)帧内先前GOB的λ值确定当前GOB的λ值。
至于
Figure C200510082330D00101
其是控制参数值，上标“n”表示被发送的帧的顺序，下标“m”表示当前帧内GOB的顺序。
现在将详细描述根据本发明的一个实施例的帧之间GOB更新方法和帧内GOB更新方法。帧之间GOB更新方法是通过水平传送对应于先前帧的第一GOB的λ值到当前帧的第一GOB，来确定当前帧的第一GOB的λ值的方法，该当前帧几乎具有与先前帧相同的特性。
根据下式计算对应于一帧的第一GOB的λ值。
λ 1 n = λ 1 n - 1 + ( B 1 n - 1 B t arg et / g - 1 )                公式(2)
在公式2中，
Figure C200510082330D00103
表示编码先前帧(第n-1帧)的第一GOB所获得的编码比特率，Btarget表示当前帧中的目标比特量，且“g”表示当前帧的GOB数。
特别的是，基于对应于先前帧(第n-1帧)的第一GOB的λ
Figure C200510082330D00111
的值，更新对应于当前帧(第n帧)的第一GOB的λ
Figure C200510082330D00112
的值，通过编码第n-1帧的第一GOB和当前帧的目标比特量(Btarget)获得编码比特量
此外，在图3中，确定值被任意分配作为第一帧的控制参数值
Figure C200510082330D0011142049QIETU
。这样做以便即使分配的λ值不正确，可以基于正确值作出更新。这里，当在随后的几个GOB上执行编码时，正确值是校正的控制参数。
帧内GOB更新方法是基于一个相应帧内先前GOB的λ值来确定当前GOB的λ值的方法。
根据下式作出一帧内GOB之间的λ值的更新。
bit _ diff = Σ k = 1 m - 1 B k n - m - 1 g B t arg et           公式(3)
在公式3中，＂bit_diff＂是直到当前帧内的先前GOB的被编码的编码比特率的总和
Figure C200510082330D00115
与通过将当前帧的先前GOB(m-1)的数目乘以一个值所获得的值之间的差值，所述相乘的值是通过当前帧的目标比特率(Btarget)除以当前帧内的GOB(g)的总数而获得的。
特别的是，如果
Figure C200510082330D00116
大于
Figure C200510082330D00117
则直到先前GOB所使用的全部编码比特率大于目标比特率(Btarget)。相反，如果
Figure C200510082330D00118
小于
Figure C200510082330D00119
则直到当前GOB所使用的比特率小于目标比特率(Btarget)。
使用公式(3)中获得的＂bit_diff＂值，根据下面的公式(4)获得新设定的的目标比特率Bnewtarget。
B newt arg et = B t arg et - bit _ diff m - 1 n b       公式(4)
在公式4中，其中当前帧中被编码的剩余部分，即，b表示从直到当前GOB之后的GOB到当前帧内的最后GOB的GOB数。优选地，b的值是常量，用于确定多少之后的GOB将用于补偿比特率差。
例如，如果b的值是1，设置在每下一个GOB中执行用于直到当前GOB所产生的全部比特率差的补偿。如果b的值是5，设置通过接下来五次更新λ值来执行用于直到当前GOB所产生的比特率差的补偿。
作为结果，基于公式(3)和(4)，每次用下式(5)计算每帧的第二GOB的λ值。
λ m n = λ m - 1 n + ( Σ k = 1 m - 1 B k n m - 1 g B t arg et - 1 )          公式(5)
换句话说，通过公式(2)获得应用于每帧的第一GOB的λ值，并且通过公式(5)获得应用于从每帧的第二GOB到最后GOB的各个GOB的λ值。
图4是示例了根据本发明一个实施例的编码图像信号时用于更新λ值的方法的流程图。现在将参考图3和4详细描述用于编码图像信号的更新λ值的方法。
优选地，确定的预定值被任意分配为对应于被编码的图像信号的第一帧的第一GOB的控制参数值(λ)，例如，当在移动通信系统中发送图像信号时。
当用户通过使用UE无线发送图像信号时，UE把被发送的图像的帧划分成176-16象素尺寸的GOB(S110，S112)。
接着，确定划分的被发送的GOB中的GOB是否是当前帧的第一GOB(S114)。如果确定结果显示该GOB是第一GOB，使用先前帧的第一GOB的控制参数值(λ)和公式(2)计算当前帧的第一GOB的λ值(S116)。如果确定结果显示该GOB不是第一GOB，使用相同帧内先前GOB的λ值和公式(5)计算相应GOB的λ值(S118)。
因而，计算的λ值被用作相应的GOB的λ值，其中基于计算的λ值来控制相应的GOB的比特率。控制的GOB接着被发送(S120)。
通过使用公式(3)和(4)，直到先前GOB的被编码的编码比特率的总和
Figure C200510082330D00131
与值
Figure C200510082330D00132
之间的差值被更新(S122)，
Figure C200510082330D00133
是通过当前帧的先前GOB数乘以一个值而获得的，该相乘的值是通过目标比特率(Btarget)除以当前帧内的GOB总数而获得的。
前述步骤(S122)中，在更新了
Figure C200510082330D00134
和
Figure C200510082330D00135
之间的差值之后，当前帧的GOB的目标比特率被设置成新的目标比特率(Bnewtarget)(S124)。接着确定相应的GOB是否是最后的一个(S126)。如果确定的结果(S126)显示GOB不是最后一个，处理返回到操作步骤(S114)，并重复执行前述的步骤(S114-S124)。如果在确定步骤中确定GOB是最后一个(S126)，则确定当前帧是否是被发送的图像信号的最后一个(S128)。
如果在确定步骤中确定当前帧不是最后帧(S128)，处理返回到步骤(S112)，并重复执行前述步骤(S112-S126)。如果确定当前帧是最后一个，由于没有更多的帧被发送，传输被完成。
如前所述，在根据本发明的在UE中用于编码图像信号的方法中，图像信号的每帧被分成多个GOB，并通过使用先前帧的第一GOB或使用当前帧的先前GOB的λ值来获得当前GOB的λ值。为此，该方法使用混合的方法，其中组合了帧之间GOB更新方法和帧内GOB更新方法。由于使用了混合方法，明显减少了帧之间的比特率改变，可以有效使用占用信道的数据传输，并保证了最佳的图像质量。
因为在不脱离本发明的精神和本质特征的情况下，其可以具体表现为多种形式，应该理解除非特别说明，上述的实施例不由任意前述描述的细节所限制，而是应该在附加的权利要求中定义的精神和范围内被广泛的理解，并且因此，所有在权利要求范围，或范围的等效物内的修改和变更都意在被附加的权利要求所包括。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于编码无线通信系统的信号的方法，该方法包括：
把信号的当前帧划分成每个具有确定尺寸的多个模块组GOB；
确定多个GOB的被编码的当前GOB是否是当前帧的第一GOB；
如果确定当前GOB是当前帧的第一GOB，基于信号的先前帧的第一GOB的控制参数值来计算当前GOB的控制参数值；
如果确定当前GOB不是当前帧的第一GOB，基于当前帧的先前GOB的控制参数值来计算当前GOB的控制参数值；
根据当前GOB的控制参数值控制当前GOB的编码比特率；和编码当前GOB。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括：
更新分配到当前GOB的总比特率和目标比特率之间的差值；和更新目标比特率。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，进一步包括：
确定当前GOB是否是当前帧的最后GOB；和
如果当前GOB被确定是当前帧的最后GOB，确定当前帧是否是信号的最后帧。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，该信号是视频信号。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，该控制参数是拉格朗日乘子。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，该对应于信号的第一帧的第一GOB的控制参数值被任意分配。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中根据公式 λ 1 n = λ 1 n - 1 + ( B 1 n - 1 B t arg et / g - 1 ) 控制当前GOB的编码比特率，其中
Figure C200510082330C00022
是用于编码当前帧，第n帧，的第一GOB的控制参数，
Figure C200510082330C00031
是编码先前帧，第n-1帧，的第一GOB所获得的编码比特率，Btarget是当前帧的目标比特率，且g是当前帧的GOB数。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，根据当前帧内的先前GOB的控制参数值，直到先前GOB的被编码的编码比特率的总和，以及在直到先前GOB的被编码的总编码比特率和直到当前GOB的被分配的总目标比特率之间的差值来控制当前GOB的比特率，由此减少了连续编码的帧之间的比特率变化。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，根据公式 λ m n = λ m - 1 n + ( Σ k = 1 m - 1 B k n m - 1 g B newt arg et - 1 ) 控制当前GOB的比特率，其中
Figure C200510082330C00033
是用于编码先前GOB的控制参数值，
Figure C200510082330C00034
是针对当前帧内直到先前GOB的被编码的所有GOB的编码比特率的总和，当前帧是指第n帧，m是当前帧内从第一GOB到当前GOB的GOB总数，Bnewtarget是新设定的目标比特率，且g是当前帧内GOB的总数。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其中，Bnewtarget等于
Figure C200510082330C00035
其中Btarget是当前帧的目标比特率，b是当前帧内当前GOB之后直到最后GOB的GOB总数，且 bit _ diff = Σ k = 1 m - 1 B k n - m - 1 g B t arg et 是在当前帧内直到先前GOB的被编码的编码比特率的总和与通过将当前帧的先前GOB数乘以一个值所获得的值之间的差值，该相乘的值是通过将当前帧的目标比特率除以当前帧的GOB总数而获得的。
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EP1624683B1 (en) 2017-03-01
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