JP2005535662A - FtsZの阻害剤およびそれらの用途 - Google Patents
FtsZの阻害剤およびそれらの用途 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2005535662A JP2005535662A JP2004519843A JP2004519843A JP2005535662A JP 2005535662 A JP2005535662 A JP 2005535662A JP 2004519843 A JP2004519843 A JP 2004519843A JP 2004519843 A JP2004519843 A JP 2004519843A JP 2005535662 A JP2005535662 A JP 2005535662A
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- halogen
- radicals
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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Abstract
【化1】
ここで、
(a)X1およびX2は、CHまたはNであり、X1およびX2の少なくとも1個は、Nである;
(b)S1は、1個〜8個の炭素原子を含む有機ラジカルである;
(c)S2、S3およびS4は、別個に、水素、アミノ、ハロゲン、または1個〜26個の炭素原子を含む1個またはそれ以上の有機ラジカルから選択される。
Description
本発明は、the National Institutes of Healthから授与された助成ROl AI50470下で、政府の支援により、行われた。
(発明の分野)
本発明は、一般に、抗菌剤およびそれらの用途(特に、FtsZの阻害剤)の分野に関する。
多くの抗菌剤の作用機構が実証されている。例えば、細菌の細胞壁合成阻害におけるペニシリンおよび他のβ−ラクタム薬物の作用機構は、よく研究されている。しかしながら、他の場合には、作用機構は理解されていない。抗菌化合物は、6つの一般的な作用に分類され、これらには、以下の阻害が挙げられる:1)細胞壁の合成;2)細胞分裂;3)細胞膜の作用;4)タンパク質の合成;5)核酸の合成;および6)中間代謝。
本発明の目的に従って、本明細書中で具体化され広範に記述されているように、本発明は、1局面では、細菌の成長を阻止する方法に関し、該方法は、以下の構造を有する1種またはそれ以上の化合物またはそれらの塩の有効量を細菌と接触させる工程を包含する:
(a)X1およびX2は、CHまたはNであり、X1およびX2の少なくとも1個は、Nである;
(b)S1は、有機ラジカルである;
(c)S2、S3およびS4は、別個に、水素、アミノ、ハロゲン、または1個またはそれ以上の有機ラジカル、あるいは
(d)その塩から選択される。
本発明は、本発明の好ましい実施態様の以下の詳細な説明およびそこに含まれる実施例ならびに図面および先の記述および以下の記述を参照することにより、さらに容易に理解できる。
「任意の」または「必要に応じて」とは、引き続いて記述された事象または状況が起こり得るかまたは起こり得ないこと、およびこの記述が、該事象または該状況が起こる場合および該事象が起こらない場合を含むことを意味する。
本発明は、インビボおよびインビトロ抗菌方法を提供する。「抗菌」とは、細菌の成長を阻止または防止するか、細菌を殺すか、または細菌の数を減らすことを意味する。それゆえ、本発明は、細菌の成長を阻止または防止する方法を提供し、該方法は、以下の構造を有する1種またはそれ以上の化合物の有効量を細菌と接触させる工程を包含する:
本発明の方法は、置換2−アルコキシカルボニルアミノピリミジンまたは2−アルコキシカルボニルアミノ−ピリジン(「2−ACP」)化合物に関するか、またはそれを利用する。本発明の種々の方法で使用される化合物の化学構造は、式(I)の化合物により、例示される:
「B」環は、以下の式(IIc)および(IId)の化合物により示されるように、芳香族である必要はなく、R3’および/またはR4’置換基ラジカルが存在している結果として、部分的または完全に飽和であり得る:
芳香族「B」環を有する他の属の化合物では、もし、n=0であり、X1が、CHであり、X2が、Nであり、そしてX3が、NHなら、式(IIe)を有する2−カーバメート置換プリン属の化合物が得られる:
式(I)の2−ACP化合物のさらに他の実施形態では、化合物は、「B」環を全く有しない。このような式(III)を有する単環式化合物の亜属は、以下で示す。
本発明の化合物の例には、以下の表3で示した化合物が挙げられるが、これらに限定されず、これらの化合物には、SRI−7405、SRI−3072、SRI−7614、SRI−7462、4427−026−15、4427−143、CAO−040、3491−23および3302−89F、SRI−5713、およびSRI−20158が挙げられる。追加例は、表8にある。
上記開示は、X1、X2およびX3での一定範囲の置換およびR1〜R5基での複数の置換基を想定している。理論および実験に基づいた関係のいずれかに束縛されることを望まないものの、予備的には、式(I)の化合物の置換パターンと、本発明の方法の少なくとも一部で認められる活性との間には、特定の実験に基づいた関係が認められている。
合成的には、式(I)、(IIa〜g)および(III)の化合物の多くは、2つの重要な中間体のうちの1つによりアクセス可能であり、それらの構造は、以下で示す。
本発明の方法によって標的化された細菌は、グラム陽性菌またはグラム陰性菌であり得る。グラム陽性菌は、以下からなる群から選択され得る:
1つの実施形態において、化合物は、改変されるか、または、他の薬剤と合わせられ、標的細菌の浸透性を促進する。賦活化された浸透性を可能にするプロドラッグが設計され得る。化合物は、必要に応じて、浸透性賦活薬と連結され得、ここで、浸透性賦活薬は、化合物が細菌の細胞壁を通過することを可能にする。「連結される」とは、式(I)の化合物と化学的に結合もしくは結合体化されるか、または、式(I)の化合物の部分の一部となることを意味する。浸透性賦活薬は、例えば、式(I)の化合物のS1、S2、S3またはS4ラジカルのうちの1つに化学的に連結され得る。グラム陰性細菌の場合、細胞エンベロープの主要な成分は、リポ多糖(LPS)である。あるいは、本発明の化合物と浸透性賦活薬とを含む組成物が使用され得る。LPSの表面層は、グラム陰性細菌のいくつかの株において、いくつかの複素環化合物に対する浸透性バリアとして機能し得る。しかし、これらの化合物に対して浸透性バリアを有さないグラム陰性細菌の株が存在する。例としては、深部ラフ変異(rfa)を含む細菌の株(例えば、Salmonella typhimurium、Bordatella pertussis、B.parapertussisおよびB.bronchiseptica(Allenら、J Bacteriol.180(1):35−40,1998))が挙げられるがこれらに限定されない。
(抗結核アッセイ)
ほとんどの抗結核アッセイを、BACTEC 460ラジオメトリックシステムを使用して、M.tuberculosis H37Rv(ATCC 27294;American Type Culture Collection,Manassas,VA)に対して、NIH Tuberculosis Anti−bacterial Acquisition and Coordination Facility(TAACF)のスクリーニング設備により実施し、最低限の抑制性濃度(MIC99)を決定した。リファンピンがポジティブコントロールであった。MIC99はまた、イソニアジド、リファンピン、エタンブトール、カナマイシン、ピラジナミド、チアセタゾンまたはシクロセリンに耐性であるM.tuberculosis株に対して、SRI−7614およびSRI−3072についても決定した(表5)。MIC99の決定と同時に、化合物を、Vero細胞において、細胞毒性(IC50)について試験した。72時間の曝露の後、生存率を、Promega CellTiter 96(登録商標)AQueous Non−radioactive Cell Proliferationアッセイを使用して、3−(4,5−ジメチルチアゾール−2−イル)−5−(3−カルボキシメトキシフェニル)−2−(4−スルホフェニル)−2H−テトラゾリウム塩(MTS)のホルマザン生成物への細胞内変換に基づいて評価した。化合物の選択性の指標(SI)を、IC50:MIC99の比として定義する。
SRI−3072のMICを、他の場所(Sulingら、Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 42,811−815,1998;Sulingら、Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44,2784−2793,2000)に記載されるように、比色(アラマーブルー)微量希釈ブロスアッセイを使用して、M.tuberculosis H37Ra(ATCC 25177)について決定した。化合物をDMSOに溶解し、ADC富化し、0.2%グリセロールを補充した7H9ブロス(アッセイ培地)中に2倍増分で段階希釈した。各希釈におけるDMSOの最終量は、1.3%であった。SRI−3072を、4連でアッセイした。培地、薬物および生存率コントロールをこのアッセイに組み込んだ。エタンブトールは、ポジティブコントロールであり、2μg/mlのMICを有した。SRI−3072の殺菌活性を、インキュベーションの6日後に、プレートにレドックス色素を添加する直前に決定した。この時点で、プレートを視覚的に試験した。可視的な増殖が見られない各ウェルを、マイクロピペッターで注意深く液体を出し入れすることによって混合し、7H11寒天上に播いた(10μL)。プレートを36〜37℃にて、ポリエチレンバッグ中で21日間インキュベートし、解剖顕微鏡での補助によりコロニーを計数した。計数を最初の種菌の計数と比較し、生存百分率および生存のlog10減少を算出した。MBCを、2−log10±SD(N=4)によりcfuを減少した最低薬物濃度として定義した。
SRI−3072を、以前に記載されたように(Kellyら、Anti.Agents&Chemo.44:2784−2793,1994)、マウス骨髄マクロファージの単層において、M.tuberculosis Erdman(ATCC35801)に対する活性についてTAACFによるMIC(0.2μg/ml)の0.25倍、1倍、4倍および16倍においてアッセイした。活性を、薬物を含まないコントロールと比較して、7日後のcfuにおいて、90%の減少を得る最低薬物濃度(EC90)および99%の減少を得る最低薬物濃度(EC99)として報告した。毒性を、視覚的な検査により決定した。
(M.tuberculosisからのFtsZの精製および特徴づけ)
FtsZの精製を、以前に記載されたように行った(Whiteら、J.Bact.182:4028−4034,2000)。M.tuberculosis FtsZをコードする配列を、pET15b(Novagen)のNcoI部位にサブクローニングした。このプラスミドpJD169を使用して、E.coli BL21(DE3)/pLysSを形質転換した。細胞を、32℃にて、0.4%グルコースを含有するLB培地中で1時間インキュベートした。500μlの形質転換細胞を、0.4%グルコース、100μg/mlアンピシリンおよび34μg/mlクロラムフェニコールを含有する250mlの新しいLB培地に添加し、32℃にて一晩インキュベートした。これらの細胞を、室温で遠心分離によってペレット状にした。これらの細胞を、0.2%グルコース、100μg/mlアンピシリンおよび34μg/mlクロラムフェニコールを含有する、4リットルの予め温めておいたLB培地中に再懸濁し;培養物を、32℃にて、良好に通気しながら振盪した。培養物が、約0.4のA600に達したときに、1mMイソプロピルβ−D−チオガラクトシドを用いてFtsZの発現を誘導した。3時間後に細胞を回収し、急速に冷蔵(8〜10℃)し、遠心分離し、氷冷リン酸緩衝化生理食塩水で洗浄し、再びペレット状にし、そして、−80℃にて保存した。
(FtsZ重合についての光散乱アッセイ)
精製したFtsZの重合および脱重合の後に、E.coli FtsZについてのMukherjeeおよびLutkenhausにより記載された方法(J.Bact.181:823−832,1999)を行った。光散乱を、0.5mlの石英キュベット(セル 2×10mm、Hellma)を使用するサーモスタット制御(30℃)Aminco−Bowmanシリーズ2ルミネセンス分光光度計で測定した。励起波長および放射波長は、2nmのスリット幅で400nmであった。ゲインは、代表的には、540Vに設定したが、必要な場合は、約8の最大応答を与えるように増加させた。FtsZ(500μg/ml;13μM)を、50mM MES−NaOH(pH 6.5)、100mM KClおよび5mM MgCl2中でインキュベートして、ベースラインを確立した。GTP(40μM)を添加し(最終容量300μl)、光散乱の増分をさらに50〜60分間測定した。特定の実験についての成分の濃度変化を、文字または図の凡例に示す。
(光散乱アッセイを用いるM.tuberculosis FtsZの特徴づけ)
M.tuberculosis FtsZの重合を、E.coli FtsZについて記載された条件下で測定した。FtsZ(10μM)を、10mM MgCl2および25mM KClを含有する50mM MES−NaOH(pH 6.5)中で、30℃にてインキュベートした。1mM GTPを添加すると、光散乱が即座に増加し、約10分でプラトーに達した。光散乱は、非常に安定であり、5時間で<10%減少した。一旦重合が起こると、温度が45℃まで上昇しても、1℃まで低下しても、脱重合を誘導しなかった(データ示さず)。しかし、20mM EDTAの添加により、光散乱は、即座にベースラインまで戻った。FtsZは、光散乱の増加により測定されるように、反応に25mM MgCl2を添加することにより、再重合し得る。
(インヒビター研究)
M.tuberculosis FtsZの重合および脱重合に対する異なる化合物の影響(表6)を、上記の光散乱アッセイを用いてモニタリングした。化合物を反応物に添加し、そしてベースラインを確立した。GTPを添加して重合を開始し、そして光散乱データをさらに50分間〜60分間収集した。最大光散乱を、GTP前のベースライン値をピーク値から差し引くことにより算出した。コントロール活性%を、化合物なしのアッセイとの比較により算出した。DMSOを溶媒として用いた場合、このコントロールはまた、同じ量のDMSO(2%)を含んでいた。化合物を、100μMにおいて最初に評価した。阻害が観察されたならば、この化合物をいくつかの濃度で再度試験した。化合物濃度に対するコントロール活性%の半対数プロットを用いて、50%阻害濃度を算出した。3つの独立した曲線を、各化合物について描いた。コルヒチンを、Sigmaから購入した。精製したウシチューブリンチューブリン(Sigma)のGTP開始重合に続いて、光散乱アッセイを行った。ウシチューブリン(1mg/mL;20M)を、100mM MES−NaOH(pH6.5)、1mM EGTA、100μM EDTA、2Mグリセロールおよび0.5mM MgCl2+インヒビターまたは溶媒中でインキュベートして、ベースラインを確立した。GTP(1mM)を添加し(最終体積500L)、そして光散乱における増加をさらに50分間〜60分間にわたって測定した。最大光散乱を、ベースライン値を、ピーク値から差し引くことにより算出した。DMSOを溶媒として用いた場合、このコントロールはまた、同じ量のDMSO(2%)を含んでいた。化合物を、100μMにおいて最初に評価した。阻害が観察されたならば、この化合物を、いくつかの濃度で再試験した。ID50値および阻害パーセントを、上記の通りに算出した。
(質量分析法およびアミノ酸配列決定)
MALDI−TOF質量スペクトルを、遅延抽出技術(PerSeptive Biosystems)を用いてVoyager Elite質量分析計(ポジティブモード)について得た。加速電圧を25kVに設定し、そして10〜50のレーザーショットを合計した。このマトリクスは、CH3CN−0.1% CF3CO2H(1:1)中に溶解したシナピン酸(Aldrich)であった。分光計を、アポミオグロビンを用いて較正した。サンプルをマトリクスで1:10希釈し、その後、1μlを平滑なプレート上にピペッティングした。N末端配列決定を、気相微量配列決定系(Model Pl 2090E,Beckman)において自動化エドマン分解によって行った。所定のサイクルにおいて遊離されたアミノ酸残基を、異なるクロマトグラム(以前のサイクルとの比較)から同定した。
(細菌のパネルに対する抗細菌活性)
微量希釈ブロスアッセイを用いて、MICを決定した。SRI−3072をDMSO中に溶解し、次いでアッセイ培地(Mueller−Hintonブロス)中に2倍希釈で連続希釈した。この培地における最終DMSO量は1.3%であり、そして生物体のパネルの増殖に対して影響を有さなかった(表7)。薬物希釈物(50μl)を、96ウェル(U字型)プレートの適切なウェルに添加した。試験生物体の接種物を、Mueller−Hintonブロスに新鮮なスラント培養物からの増殖物を接種し、続いて37℃にて5時間〜6時間(この時点で、増殖物を濁度計測定により測定した)にわたってインキュベートすることにより調製した。次いで、各培養物を、約1×106CFU/ml相当の濁度になるように培地中に希釈し、そして接種物として用いた(50μL/ウェル)。このアッセイプレートはまた、生存率コントロール、ならびに非接種培地および薬物コントロールを含んでいた。トリメトプリムを、ポジティブ薬物コントロールとして用い、そしてトリメトプリム耐性株について0.13〜>16μg/mlの範囲のMICを有していた。このプレートを、18時間〜20時間にわたってインキュベートし、そしてウェルを、増殖について視覚試験した。MICを、可視の増殖がもたらされない最大薬物希釈と定義した。SRI−3072を、それぞれ、グラム陰性桿菌およびグラム陽性球菌を代表する、Escherichia coli、Enterococcus hirae、およびStaphylococcus aureusに対してアッセイした。この薬物は、E.coliに対しては活性ではなく、そして2つの球菌に対しては中程度の活性(32μg/mLのMIC)を有した。次いで、この薬物を、グラム陽性桿菌およびグラム陽性球菌の拡大パネルに対して試験した。この拡大パネルは、メチシリン耐性ブドウ球菌、多剤耐性ブドウ球菌およびバンコマイシン耐性腸球菌を含んでいた。これらの生物体に対するMICは、試験した単一のグラム陽性桿菌Bacillus subtilisを除いて、32〜64μg/mLの範囲で一様であった。Bacillus subtilisは、16μg/mLのMICにおいて阻害された。この薬物はE.coliに対して活性ではなかったので、別のグラム陰性桿菌であるS.typhimuriumを試験した。この特定の株のS.typhimuriumは、細胞エンベロープのLPS成分の多糖類側鎖におけるディープラフ(deep rough)(rfa)変異を含んでいた。このような株は、複素環式化合物に対して増加した透過性を保有する。SRI−3072は、このグラム陰性変異体に対して活性であった。結論として、SRI−3072は、単一のグラム陰性細菌の代表に対して活性ではなかったが、薬物耐性株を含めたいくつかのグラム陽性細菌に対して中程度の活性を有した。また、ディープラフ変異体は、SRI−3072に対して感受性であった。このことは、E.coliの活性の欠如が、E.coliに対する影響の欠如というよりも透過性に起因したことを示す。
(細胞機構に対する化合物の影響)
Mycobacterium bovis(BCG)の細胞分裂機構に対するSRI 3072の影響を調べた(図9)。BCGは、M.tuberculosisについての優れた代用品である。なぜなら、それらのゲノムは、ほぼ95%同一だからである。緑色蛍光タンパク質を発現するBCGを、0.3μg/ml SRI 3072(MIC未満の濃度)とともに5日間インキュベートし、そして細胞長さについてアッセイした。細胞をスピンダウンし、PBS中で洗浄し、次いでポリ−1−リジンコーティングカバーガラス上で風乾した。50%グリセロール中のDAPI(3μg/ml)をカバーガラス上にピペッティングし、そしてこのスライド上に反転させた。このスライドを、DXM 1200色CCDを備えたNikonエクリプス顕微鏡で観察した。画像を、Lucia Gソフトウェアバージョン4を用いて取り込んだ。蛍光を用いた位相差画像を得た。コントロール細胞は、2〜3μm付近に集まった、やや細い細胞長さを有する。一方、SRI 3072で処理した細胞は、ずっと長く、分岐している。コントロール細胞とは異なり、SRI 3072処理細胞におけるDNAは、異常な細胞全体に分散する。SRI 3072は、細胞分裂機構を破壊する。さらに、培養細胞を洗浄してSRI 3072を培地から除去する場合、これらは回復しない。
FtsZを含むサンプル25μlのGTPase活性を、Mukherjeeら(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.90:1053−1057,1993)に記載される方法を用いてモニタリングした。手短に述べると、FtsZを、40μM[γ−32P]GTP(250〜400cpm/pmol)、100mM MES−NaOH(pH6.5)、100 mM KCl、および5mM MgCl2とともに30℃で60分間インキュベートした(最終体積50μl)。放射性無機リン酸を、1mM KH2PO4を含む0.1M HClO4を用いて抽出し、続いてモリブデン酸ナトリウムおよび酢酸イソプロピルを添加した。有機相のアリコートを、液体シンチレーションカウンター中で測定した。断続的ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム−ポリアルキルアミドゲル電気泳動(15%ゲル)を用いて、精製をモニタリングし、そしてサブユニット分子量を決定した。タンパク質濃度を、ウシガンマグロブリンを標準として使用して、Bradford手順によって決定した。このタンパク質(50μM FtsZ)に結合したヌクレオチドの量を、3%過塩素酸抽出物(Sossongら,Biochem.38:14843−50,1990)を用いて決定した。上清を257nmにおいて読み取り、そして濃度をGDP(5〜200μM)の標準曲線から算出した。強アニオン交換HPLCを用いて、ヌクレオチドを同定した。
以下の化合物(表8)は、本発明の化合物の例、およびそれらの阻害濃度である。
Claims (42)
- 前記細菌が、抗生物質に耐性である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記細菌が、グラム陽性である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記細菌が、グラム陰性菌である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記化合物が、浸透性賦活薬と併用され、ここで、該浸透性賦活薬が、該浸透性賦活薬により、該化合物が前記細菌の細胞エンベロープを通過できる、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記浸透性賦活薬が、ポリミキシンB、表面活性剤、デフェンシン、他の膜活性ペプチドおよびキレート化剤からなる群から選択される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- さらに、前記細菌を浸透性賦活薬と接触させる工程を包含する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記浸透性賦活薬が、ポリミキシンB、表面活性剤、デフェンシン、他の膜活性ペプチドおよびキレート化剤からなる群から選択される、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記化合物が、約500グラム/モル未満の分子量を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記化合物が、以下の構造を有する、請求項1に記載の方法:
a)S1は、1個〜4個の炭素原子を含むアルキル基である;
b)S2は、ハロゲン、アミノ、ヒドロキシ、1個〜26個の炭素原子を含む有機ラジカルであり、該有機ラジカルは、アルキル、アルコキシ、一置換アミノまたは二置換アミノから選択される;
c)S2およびS3は、
(i)別個に、置換基であり、該置換基は、別個に、ハロゲン、アミノ、ヒドロキシ、または1個〜26個の炭素原子を含む有機ラジカルから選択できるか、または
(ii)一緒になって、ヘテロアリールラジカルまたは複素環ラジカルを形成し、該ヘテロアリールラジカルまたは複素環ラジカルは、5個、6個または7個の環原子を含み、必要に応じて、1個、2個または3個の置換基で置換されており、該置換基は、ハロゲン、アミノ、または1個〜12個の炭素原子を含む有機ラジカルから選択される、
方法。 - 前記化合物が、以下の構造またはそれらの薬学的に受容可能な塩を有する、請求項1に記載の方法:
a)X1およびX2は、CHまたはNであり、X1およびX2の少なくとも1個は、Nである;
b)X3は、CH、N、NH、OまたはSである;
c)X4は、ハロゲン、酸素、イオウまたはリン原子、アミノ、NH、または1個〜26個の炭素原子を含む有機ラジカルである;
d)R1は、1個〜4個の炭素原子を含むアルキルラジカルである;
e)R2は、任意のラジカルであり、該任意のラジカルは、水素、アミノ、ハロゲン、または1個〜26個の炭素原子を含む1個またはそれ以上の有機ラジカルから選択される;
f)R3および任意のR3’ラジカル(存在または不在であり得る)は、別個に、水素、ハロゲン、または1個〜26個の炭素原子を含む有機ラジカルから選択される;
g)Cnは、1個または2個の任意の環炭素原子を含み、ここで、各任意の環炭素原子は、1個または2個の置換基ラジカルを有し、該置換基ラジカルは、別個に、水素、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシ、アミノ、または1個〜26個の炭素原子を含む有機ラジカルから選択される、
方法。 - R3およびR4が、別個に、水素、アルキルまたはアルコキシラジカル、アリールラジカルまたはヘテロアリールラジカルから選択され、該アルキルまたはアルコキシラジカルが、1個〜18個の炭素原子を含み、該アリールラジカルが、6個〜18個の炭素を含み、そして該ヘテロアリールラジカルが、1個〜18個の環炭素を含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記化合物が、以下の構造またはそれらの薬学的に受容可能な塩を有する、請求項1に記載の方法:
a)X1およびX2は、CHまたはNであり、X1およびX2の少なくとも1個は、Nである;
b)X3は、CH、N、NH、OまたはSである;
c)X4は、ハロゲン、酸素、イオウまたはリン原子、アミノ、NH、または1個〜26個の炭素原子を含む有機ラジカルである;
d)R1は、1個〜4個の炭素原子を含むアルキルラジカルである;
e)R2は、水素、アミノ、ハロゲン、または1個〜26個の炭素原子を含む1個またはそれ以上の有機ラジカルから選択される;
f)R3、R4、R3’、R4’ラジカルは、別個に、水素、ハロゲン、または1個〜26個の炭素原子を含む有機ラジカルから選択される、
方法。 - 前記化合物が、以下の構造またはそれらの薬学的に受容可能な塩を有する、請求項1に記載の方法:
a)X1およびX2は、CHまたはNであり、X1およびX2の少なくとも1個は、Nである;
b)X3は、CH、N、NH、OまたはSである;
c)X4は、ハロゲン、酸素、イオウまたはリン原子、アミノ、NH、または1個〜26個の炭素原子を含む有機ラジカルである;
d)R1は、1個〜4個の炭素原子を含むアルキルラジカルである;
e)R2は、水素、アミノ、ハロゲン、または1個〜26個の炭素原子を含む1個またはそれ以上の有機ラジカルから選択される;
f)R3、R4、R5、および任意のR3’R4’およびR5’ラジカルは、別個に、水素、ハロゲン、または1個〜26個の炭素原子を含む有機ラジカルから選択される、
方法。 - 前記化合物が、以下の構造またはそれらの薬学的に受容可能な塩を有する、請求項1に記載の方法:
a)X1およびX2は、CHまたはNであり、X1およびX2の少なくとも1個は、Nである;
b)X3は、CH、N、NH、OまたはSである;
c)X4は、ハロゲン、酸素、イオウまたはリン原子、アミノ、NH、または1個〜26個の炭素原子を含む有機ラジカルである;
d)R1は、1個〜4個の炭素原子を含むアルキルラジカルである;
e)R2は、任意のラジカルであり、該任意のラジカルは、水素、アミノ、ハロゲン、または1個〜26個の炭素原子を含む1個またはそれ以上の有機ラジカルから選択される;
f)Cnは、水素、または1個〜26個の炭素原子を含む有機ラジカルである、
方法。 - 前記化合物が、次式またはそれらの薬学的に受容可能な塩を有する、請求項1に記載の方法:
a)[5,6−ジアミノ−4−(2−ヒドロキシ−1−メチル−3−フェノキシプロピルアミノ)−ピリジン−2−イル]−カルバミン酸エチルエステル;
b)[8−(4−ジエチルアミノ−1−メチル−ブチルアミノ)−2,3−ジフェニル−ピリド[2,3−b]ピラジン−6−イル]−カルバミン酸エチルエステル;
c)(1−アミノ−8−フェニル−6,7−ジヒドロ−5H−2,5,9−トリアザベンゾシクロヘプテン−3−イル)−カルバミン酸エチルエステル;
d)[2,3−ジフェニル−8−(4−スルファモイル−ベンジルアミノ)−ピリド[2,3−b]ピラジン−6−イル]−カルバミン酸エチルエステル;
e)(5−アミノ−3−ブチル−2−メチル−1,2−ジヒドロ−ピリド[3,4−b]ピラジン−7−イル)−カルバミン酸エチルエステル;
f)(5−アミノ−2,3−ジフェニル−2H−ピリド[4,3−b][1,4]オキサジン−7−イル)−カルバミン酸エチルエステル;
g)(5−エトキシ−2,3−ジフェニル−ピリド[3,4−b]ピラジン−7−イル)−カルバミン酸エチルエステル;
h)(5−アミノ−2,3−ジフェニル−ピリド[3,4−b]ピラジン−7−イル)−カルバミン酸エチルエステル;
i)(5−アミノ−3−{[(4−メトキシ−フェニル)−メチル−アミノ]−メチル}−1,2−ジヒドロ−ピリド[3,4−b]ピラジン−7−イル)−カルバミン酸エチルエステル;または
j)[5−アミノ−3−(4−ブチルカルバモイルオキシ−フェニル)−2−メチル−1,2−ジヒドロ−ピリド[3,4−b]ピラジン−7−イル]−カルバミン酸エチルエステル。 - 前記細菌感染が、グラム陽性菌感染である、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記感染が、グラム陰性菌感染である、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記化合物が、チューブリンに影響を及ぼさない、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記細菌が、グラム陽性である、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記細菌が、グラム陰性である、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記化合物が、浸透性賦活薬に連結され、ここで、該浸透性賦活薬により、該化合物が前記細菌の細胞エンベロープを通過できる、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記賦活薬が、ポリミキシンB、表面活性剤、デフェンシン、他の膜活性ペプチドおよびキレート化剤からなる群から選択される、請求項32に記載の方法。
- さらに、前記細菌を浸透性賦活薬と接触させる工程を包含する、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記浸透性賦活薬が、ポリミキシンB、表面活性剤、デフェンシン、他の膜活性ペプチドおよびキレート化剤からなる群から選択される、請求項34に記載の方法。
- 細菌の成長を阻止する方法であって、構造4−[(6−アミノ−2,3−ジフェニル−ピリド[2,3−b]ピラジン−8−イルアミノ)−メチル]−N,N−ジエチル−ベンゼンスルホンアミドを有する化合物の有効量を細菌と接触させる工程を包含する、方法。
- 前記細菌感染が、グラム陽性菌感染である、請求項37に記載の方法。
- 前記細菌感染が、グラム陰性菌感染である、請求項37に記載の方法。
- 前記化合物が、チューブリン重合を阻害しない、請求項37に記載の方法。
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CA2491680C (en) * | 2002-07-02 | 2012-04-17 | Southern Research Institute | Inhibitors of ftsz and uses thereof |
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WO2015141095A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-19 | 2015-09-24 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 化合物、着色組成物、インクジェット記録用インク、インクジェット記録方法、インクジェットプリンタカートリッジ、及びインクジェット記録物 |
JP2015178576A (ja) * | 2014-03-19 | 2015-10-08 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 化合物、着色組成物、インクジェット記録用インク、インクジェット記録方法、インクジェットプリンタカートリッジ、及びインクジェット記録物 |
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AU2003281340B2 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
WO2004005472A2 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
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US7718651B2 (en) | 2010-05-18 |
JP4903997B2 (ja) | 2012-03-28 |
WO2004005472A3 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
US20060241103A1 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
JP2011105731A (ja) | 2011-06-02 |
EP1538907A4 (en) | 2008-12-24 |
CA2491680C (en) | 2012-04-17 |
AU2003281340A1 (en) | 2004-01-23 |
CA2491680A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
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