JP2005522564A - ポリマー抗酸化剤 - Google Patents
ポリマー抗酸化剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2005522564A JP2005522564A JP2003584205A JP2003584205A JP2005522564A JP 2005522564 A JP2005522564 A JP 2005522564A JP 2003584205 A JP2003584205 A JP 2003584205A JP 2003584205 A JP2003584205 A JP 2003584205A JP 2005522564 A JP2005522564 A JP 2005522564A
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2002年4月5日に出願された米国特許仮出願第60/370,468号の恩典を主張する。上記出願の教示は全体が参照として本明細書に組み込まれる。
本出願は、全体または一部が、国立科学財団(National Science Foundation)からの助成金第DMR-9986644号により支援される。政府は本発明において一定の権利を有する。
合成抗酸化保存剤は、広範囲にわたる様々な製品に対して加工および貯蔵中に添加される。製品の型には、食品、プラスチック、および包装材料が含まれる。製品内で酸化事象が起こると、抗酸化剤分子は迅速に反応し、抗酸化剤ラジカルを形成する。この反応により、製品は酸化事象による損傷から保護され、結果的に製品の保存寿命が増大する。一般的な合成抗酸化保存剤としては、ブチル化ヒドロキシアニソール(BHA)、ブチル化ヒドロキシトルエン(BHT)、tert-ブチルヒドロキノン(TBHQ)、ジ-tert-ブチルヒドロキノン(DTBHQ)、および没食子酸プロピルが挙げられる。天然の抗酸化剤もあり、例えば、セサモール、セサミン、ビタミンAおよびβ-カロテン、ビタミンEおよびトコフェロールならびにビタミンCが挙げられる。
1つの態様において、本発明は、物質を置換ベンゼン抗酸化ポリマーと接触させる段階を含む、物質の酸化を阻害する方法を含む。好ましくは、置換ベンゼン抗酸化ポリマーは、ベンゼン1つあたり1つまたは複数のヒドロキシル部分またはエーテル部分を含む。
式中、
Rは-H、または置換もしくは未置換のアルキル基、アシル基、もしくはアリール基であり;
環Aは、少なくとも1つのtert-ブチル基または置換もしくは未置換n-アルコキシカルボニル基、ならびに任意で、-OH、-NH、-SH、置換または未置換のアルキル基またはアリール基、および置換または未置換アルコキシカルボニル基からなる群より選択される1つまたは複数の基により置換され;
環Bは、少なくとも1つの-H、および少なくとも1つのtert-ブチル基または置換もしくは未置換n-アルコキシカルボニル基、ならびに任意で、-OH、-NH、-SH、置換または未置換のアルキル基またはアリール基、および置換または未置換アルコキシカルボニル基からなる群より選択される1つまたは複数の基により置換され;
nは2以上の整数であり;かつ
pは0以上の整数である。
式中、
Rは-H、または置換もしくは未置換のアルキル基、アシル基、もしくはアリール基であり;
環Aは、少なくとも1つのtert-ブチル基または置換もしくは未置換n-アルコキシカルボニル基、ならびに任意で、-OH、-NH、-SH、置換または未置換のアルキル基またはアリール基、および置換または未置換アルコキシカルボニル基からなる群より選択される1つまたは複数の基により置換され;
環Bは、少なくとも1つの-H、および少なくとも1つのtert-ブチル基または置換もしくは未置換n-アルコキシカルボニル基、ならびに任意で、-OH、-NH、-SH、置換または未置換のアルキル基またはアリール基、および置換または未置換アルコキシカルボニル基からなる群より選択される1つまたは複数の基により置換され;
nは2以上の整数であり;かつ
pは0以上の整数である。
式中、
Rは-H、または置換もしくは未置換のアルキル基、アシル基、もしくはアリール基であり;
環Aは、少なくとも1つのtert-ブチル基または置換もしくは未置換n-アルコキシカルボニル基、ならびに任意で、-OH、-NH、-SH、置換または未置換のアルキル基またはアリール基、および置換または未置換アルコキシカルボニル基からなる群より選択される1つまたは複数の基により置換され;
環Bは、少なくとも1つの-H、および少なくとも1つのtert-ブチル基または置換もしくは未置換n-アルコキシカルボニル基、ならびに任意で、-OH、-NH、-SH、置換または未置換のアルキル基またはアリール基、および置換または未置換アルコキシカルボニル基からなる群より選択される1つまたは複数の基により置換され;
nは2以上の整数であり;かつ
pは0以上の整数である。
式中、
Rは-H、または置換もしくは未置換のアルキル基、アシル基、もしくはアリール基であり;
環Aは、少なくとも1つのtert-ブチル基または置換もしくは未置換n-アルコキシカルボニル基、ならびに任意で、-OH、-NH、-SH、置換または未置換のアルキル基またはアリール基、および置換または未置換アルコキシカルボニル基からなる群より選択される1つまたは複数の基により置換され;
環Bは、少なくとも1つの-H、および少なくとも1つのtert-ブチル基または置換もしくは未置換n-アルコキシカルボニル基、ならびに任意で、-OH、-NH、-SH、置換または未置換のアルキル基またはアリール基、および置換または未置換アルコキシカルボニル基からなる群より選択される1つまたは複数の基により置換され;
nは2以上の整数であり;かつ
pは0以上の整数である。
式中、
Rは-H、または置換もしくは未置換のアルキル基、アシル基、もしくはアリール基であり;かつ
R4、R5、R6、R7、およびR8は独立して、-H、-OH、-NH、-SH、置換もしくは未置換のアルキル基もしくはアリール基、または置換もしくは未置換アルコキシカルボニル基であり、
ただし、
(1)R4、R5、R6、R7、およびR8の少なくとも1つが、tert-ブチル基または置換もしくは未置換アルコキシカルボニル基であり、かつR4、R5、R6、R7、およびR8の少なくとも2つが-Hであるか;または
(2)R4、R5、R6、R7、およびR8の少なくとも1つが、tert-ブチル基または置換もしくは未置換アルコキシカルボニル基であり、R4、R5、R6、R7およびR8の少なくとも1つがヒドロキシ基、アルコキシ基、アルコキシカルボニル基、またはアリールオキシカルボニル基であり、かつR4、R5、R6、R7、およびR8の少なくとも1つが-Hである。
本発明は一般的に、物質を置換ベンゼン抗酸化ポリマーと接触させる段階を含む、物質の酸化を阻害する方法に関する。本発明はまた、置換ベンゼン抗酸化ポリマー、そのような抗酸化ポリマーを含む様々な組成物、およびそのような抗酸化ポリマーを調製する方法に関する。
式中、
R1、R2、およびR3は、-H、-OH、-NH、-SH、置換または未置換のアルキル基またはアリール基、および置換または未置換アルコキシカルボニル基からなる群より独立して選択され(ただし、R1、R2、およびR3の少なくとも1つはtert-ブチル基である);かつ
jおよびkは独立して、0またはそれ以上の整数であり、jとkの和は2以上である。
により表される分子を重合することにより調製される。好ましくは、構造式(XIX)により表される分子は、下記の特徴の1つ、2つ、3つ、4つ、または5つを有する。第1の特徴では、R5、R7、およびR8の少なくとも1つはtert-ブチル基である。第2の特徴では、R4は-Hである。第3の特徴では、R7およびR8の一方または両方が-Hである。第4の特徴では、Rは-Hまたは-CH3である。第5の特徴では、R6は-H、-OH、または置換もしくは未置換アルキル基である。より好ましくは、構造式(XIX)により表される分子は第1および第2の特徴;第1、第2、および第3の特徴;第1、第2、第3、および第4の特徴;または、第1、第2、第3、第4、および第5の特徴を有する。
実施例1
ポリ(2-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシアニソール)の調製
Holland, H.L.、Organic Synthesis with Oxidative Enzyme、VCH Publishers, Inc.、1992(この内容は参照として本明細書に組み込まれる)の手順に従い、西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼに触媒される2-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシアニソール(2-BHA)の重合を実施した。簡単に説明すると、2-BHA(100mg、0.56mmol)を、メタノールと0.01Mリン酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH7)の1:1(v/v、6ml)溶液に、西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼと共に室温で添加した。3時間にわたり、化学量論量の過酸化水素(5%水溶液、35ml、0.56mmol)を徐々に添加し重合を開始させた。過酸化水素の添加を完了した後、反応をさらに24時間続行させた。溶媒を凍結乾燥により蒸発させた。ポリマーをメタノール水溶液(1:1、v/v)で完全に洗浄して酵素およびリン酸塩を除去し、その後、真空下で乾燥させた。
ポリ(tert-ブチル-ヒドロキシキノン)の調製
実施例1で記述した方法の変形により、ポリ(tert-ブチル-ヒドロキシキノン)を調製した。MALDI-TOF-MSスペクトルにおいて観察される分子量分布(図5)から、ポリマーの形成が確認される。
モノマー対ポリマーの抗酸化活性の比較
モノマーおよび酵素により調製したポリマー抗酸化剤の抗酸化活性を、β-カロテン系の漂白を測定することにより比較した。モデル系では、β-カロテンは抗酸化剤が存在しないと、急速に変色を受ける。アッセイ法および測定は、Jayaprakasha, G.K.ら、Food Chemistry 73:285-290(2001)、およびHidalgo, M.E.ら、Phytochemistry 37:1585-1587(1994)(これらの内容は参照として本明細書に組み込まれる)において記述されている手順に従い実施した。簡単に説明すると、β-カロテン(0.2mg)、リノール酸(20mg)、および200mgのTween-40(ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノパルミテート)をクロロホルム0.5mLに溶解した。真空下でクロロホルムを除去し、得られた混合物を蒸留水10mLで直ちに希釈し、1〜2分間よく混合した。得られたエマルジョンをさらに過酸化水素水(oxygenated water)で50mLとした。エマルジョンのアリコート(4mL)をジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)中の試験試料(モノマーまたはポリマー)0.2mLと混合し、アリコート中に100ppmのモノマーまたはポリマーが存在するようにした。0.2mLのDMFを上記エマルジョン4mLと混合することにより、対照を調製した。試料を50℃でインキュベートした。470nmでの全ての試料の吸光度を最初に(t=0)測定し、180分まで15分間隔で続けた。2-BHAおよびそのポリマーのアッセイ法からのデータを図6に示す。抗酸化活性を式:
抗酸化活性=100(1-(A0-At)/(A1 0-A1 t))、
A0=0時間での試験試料の吸光度、
A1 0=時間での対照の吸光度、
At=時間t(180分)での試験試料の吸光度、
A1 t=時間t(180分)での対照の吸光度
に基づき計算する。
調理油の安定性
トウモロコシ油およびカノーラ油を、tert-ブチル-ヒドロキシキノン(TBHQ)およびポリ(TBHQ)と、フェノール部分の濃度が等しくなるように混和した。油をフライ温度(190℃)まで加熱し、その油の安定性指数を測定した。油安定性指数(American Oil Chemists' Society Cd 126-92)は、油が急激に酸化し始める前の時間量を測定する。時間が長いほど、油がより優れた抗酸化能力を有することを示し、これはおそらく、より長い潜在的保存寿命に対応する。
抗酸化ポリマーの安定性
薬品の試験に対するOECDガイドライン(OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals)、OECD 423の基準に基づき、試験を実施した。胃内強制栄養により、単一用量として2000mg/kg体重のポリ(TBHQ)を10匹のSprague-Dawleyアルビノラットに投与した。投与後、動物をケージに戻し、最大14日間、毒性の徴候について観察した。投与前、および死亡日または最終屠殺前に体重を測定した。第2の研究は、500mg/kg体重のポリ(TBHQ)を投与した3匹の雌ラットを使用し実施した。
本発明を好ましい態様を参照して詳細に示しかつ記述してきたが、添付の特許請求の範囲に含まれる本発明の範囲から逸脱せずに、形態および詳細において様々な変更が可能であることは、当業者によって理解されると考えられる。
Claims (40)
- 物質を置換ベンゼン抗酸化ポリマーと接触させる段階を含む、物質の酸化を阻害する方法。
- 置換ベンゼン抗酸化ポリマーが、ベンゼン1つあたり1つもしくは複数のヒドロキシル部分またはエーテル部分を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 物質を、構造式(I)および(II)の一方または両方により表される繰り返し単位を含むポリマーと接触させる段階を含む、物質の酸化を阻害する方法:
(式中、
Rは-H、または置換もしくは未置換のアルキル基、アシル基、もしくはアリール基であり;
環Aは、少なくとも1つのtert-ブチル基または置換もしくは未置換n-アルコキシカルボニル基、ならびに任意で、-OH、-NH、-SH、置換または未置換のアルキル基またはアリール基、および置換または未置換アルコキシカルボニル基からなる群より選択される1つまたは複数の基により置換され;
環Bは、少なくとも1つの-H、および少なくとも1つのtert-ブチル基または置換もしくは未置換n-アルコキシカルボニル基、ならびに任意で、-OH、-NH、-SH、置換または未置換のアルキル基またはアリール基、および置換または未置換アルコキシカルボニル基からなる群より選択される1つまたは複数の基により置換され;
nは2以上の整数であり;かつ
pは0以上の整数である)。 - 環Aおよび環Bがそれぞれ、少なくとも1つのtert-ブチル基で置換される、請求項3記載の方法。
- Rが-Hまたは-CH3である、請求項6記載の方法。
- R2が-H、-OH、または置換もしくは未置換アルキル基である、請求項7記載の方法。
- 構造式(I)および(II)の一方または両方を含む繰り返し単位を含む、抗酸化ポリマー:
(式中、
Rは-H、または置換もしくは未置換のアルキル基、アシル基、もしくはアリール基であり;
環Aは、少なくとも1つのtert-ブチル基または置換もしくは未置換n-アルコキシカルボニル基、ならびに任意で、-OH、-NH、-SH、置換または未置換のアルキル基またはアリール基、および置換または未置換アルコキシカルボニル基からなる群より選択される1つまたは複数の基により置換され;
環Bは、少なくとも1つの-H、および少なくとも1つのtert-ブチル基または置換もしくは未置換n-アルコキシカルボニル基、ならびに任意で、-OH、-NH、-SH、置換または未置換のアルキル基またはアリール基、および置換または未置換アルコキシカルボニル基からなる群より選択される1つまたは複数の基により置換され;
nは2以上の整数であり;かつ
pは0以上の整数である)。 - 環Aおよび環Bがそれぞれ、少なくとも1つのtert-ブチル基により置換される、請求項11記載の抗酸化ポリマー。
- Rが-Hまたは-CH3である、請求項14記載の抗酸化ポリマー。
- R2が-H、-OH、または未置換アルキル基である、請求項15記載の抗酸化ポリマー。
- 構造式(XIX)により表されるモノマーを、過酸化水素の存在下で置換ベンゼン化合物を重合することができる酵素または酵素模倣物により触媒させて重合する段階を含む、抗酸化ポリマーの調製方法:
(式中、
Rは-H、または置換もしくは未置換のアルキル基、アシル基、もしくはアリール基であり;かつ
R4、R5、R6、R7、およびR8は独立して、-H、-OH、-NH、-SH、置換もしくは未置換のアルキル基もしくはアリール基、または置換もしくは未置換アルコキシカルボニル基であり、
ただし、
(1)R4、R5、R6、R7、およびR8の少なくとも1つがtert-ブチル基または置換もしくは未置換アルコキシカルボニル基であり、かつR4、R5、R6、R7、およびR8の少なくとも2つが-Hであるか;または
(2)R4、R5、R6、R7、およびR8の少なくとも1つがtert-ブチル基または置換もしくは未置換アルコキシカルボニル基であり、R4、R5、R6、R7、およびR8の少なくとも1つがヒドロキシル基、アルコキシ基、アルコキシカルボニル基、またはアリールオキシカルボニル基であり、かつR4、R5、R6、R7、およびR8の少なくとも1つが-Hである)。
。 - 酵素がペルオキシダーゼである、請求項19記載の方法。
- ペルオキシダーゼが西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼである、請求項20記載の方法。
- 酵素模倣物がヘマチンである、請求項19記載の方法。
- R5、R7、およびR8の1つまたは複数がtert-ブチル基である、請求項19記載の方法。
- R4が-Hである、請求項23記載の方法。
- R7およびR8の一方または両方が-Hである、請求項24記載の方法。
- Rが-Hまたは-CH3である、請求項25記載の方法。
- R6が-H、-OH、または置換もしくは未置換アルキル基である、請求項26記載の方法。
- 食用製品、ならびに構造式(I)および(II)の一方または両方により表される繰り返し単位を含む抗酸化ポリマーを含む組成物:
(式中、
Rは-H、または置換もしくは未置換のアルキル基、アシル基、もしくはアリール基であり;
環Aは、少なくとも1つのtert-ブチル基または置換もしくは未置換n-アルコキシカルボニル基、ならびに任意で、-OH、-NH、-SH、置換または未置換のアルキル基またはアリール基、および置換または未置換アルコキシカルボニル基からなる群より選択される1つまたは複数の基により置換され;
環Bは、少なくとも1つの-H、および少なくとも1つのtert-ブチル基または置換もしくは未置換n-アルコキシカルボニル基、ならびに任意で、-OH、-NH、-SH、置換または未置換のアルキル基またはアリール基、および置換または未置換アルコキシカルボニル基からなる群より選択される1つまたは複数の基により置換され;
nは2以上の整数であり;かつ
pは0以上の整数である)。 - 食用製品が油であるか、または油を含む、請求項29記載の組成物。
- 油がカノーラ油またはトウモロコシ油である、請求項30記載の組成物。
- 組成物がマーガリンである、請求項29記載の組成物。
- 包装材料、ならびに構造式(I)および(II)の一方または両方により表される繰り返し単位を含む抗酸化ポリマーを含む包装用組成物:
(式中、
Rは-H、または置換もしくは未置換のアルキル基、アシル基、もしくはアリール基であり;
環Aは、少なくとも1つのtert-ブチル基または置換もしくは未置換n-アルコキシカルボニル基、ならびに任意で、-OH、-NH、-SH、置換または未置換のアルキル基またはアリール基、および置換または未置換アルコキシカルボニル基からなる群より選択される1つまたは複数の基により置換され;
環Bは、少なくとも1つの-H、および少なくとも1つのtert-ブチル基または置換もしくは未置換n-アルコキシカルボニル基、ならびに任意で、-OH、-NH、-SH、置換または未置換のアルキル基またはアリール基、および置換または未置換アルコキシカルボニル基からなる群より選択される1つまたは複数の基により置換され;
nは2以上の整数であり;かつ
pは0以上の整数である)。 - 包装材料が、ポリマー、紙、および厚紙からなる群より選択される材料を含む、請求項34記載の組成物。
- 抗酸化ポリマーが包装材料と混和または混合される、請求項35記載の組成物。
- 包装材料が、抗酸化ポリマーでコートされる、請求項35記載の組成物。
- 抗酸化ポリマーが薄膜として存在する、請求項37記載の組成物。
- 抗酸化ポリマーが包装材料上に噴霧される、請求項37記載の組成物。
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- 2003-04-04 WO PCT/US2003/010782 patent/WO2003087260A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-04-04 EP EP03736456A patent/EP1492856A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-04-04 AU AU2003237800A patent/AU2003237800A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-04-04 US US10/408,679 patent/US7223432B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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AU2003237800A8 (en) | 2003-10-27 |
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US7507454B2 (en) | 2009-03-24 |
US20070154608A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
US20070154430A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
US20060029706A1 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
US7727571B2 (en) | 2010-06-01 |
US20030230743A1 (en) | 2003-12-18 |
US7601378B2 (en) | 2009-10-13 |
AU2003237800A1 (en) | 2003-10-27 |
US7754267B2 (en) | 2010-07-13 |
EP1492856A1 (en) | 2005-01-05 |
US7223432B2 (en) | 2007-05-29 |
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