JP2005510616A - White pigment for use in formulations containing white pearlescent paint - Google Patents

Abstract

  As used herein, a pearly luster coating for a vehicle of a specific vehicle color comprising an e-coating and an outer coating portion applied to the e-coating, the outer coating being applied to the e-coating layer A pearly luster coating comprising at least one color-containing primer layer and a pearly luster coating applied to the primer layer, the outer coating portion being capable of absorbing about 85% of the UV radiation applied to the coating; Disclosed.

Description

  The present invention relates to white pigments used in paints, lacquers and primers, and to their use in an improved method for producing a white “pearl” finish on a painted or applied surface. .

  In the automotive industry, a pearly glossy white finish is desired and is a very nice finish color for cars and trucks. Pearl glossy white finishes are known to be more popular with buyers than glossy white finishes.

  Traditionally, in order to create a pearly white finish on an automobile, a three-step application process is required after the exposed metal parts have been primed with one or more coatings of a primer. The following steps are used to create a pearly luster white finish: apply a white paint base coating, the next pearly luster coating generally contains mica, but this is not colored, but rather "pearl" "Contains particles of highly reflective material to provide a finish." Finally, a clear coating is applied to seal the underlying layer. Each coating layer must be applied separately, and an appropriate drying time and, if necessary, sintering must be provided before the application of each subsequent layer. As a result, the production of pearlescent finishes is labor intensive and time consuming. Whenever two different types of paint coatings are applied to an article, there must be a longer drying time than is necessary between multiple coatings of the same type of paint. In order to facilitate proper fixing of the three coating paint finish, drying time is required for fixing each paint undercoating, pearl coating and clear coating. By holding the painted article on the assembly line for a further period, a longer drying time is achieved. It is not feasible to simply operate the assembly line to pass more slowly through the painting department of an automobile assembly plant in order to provide longer drying times during paint application. Instead, the entire assembly line must be lengthened to provide additional transit time that can provide paint drying. Thus, in order to lengthen the assembly line, a longer physical factory space is required through which the assembly line operates. In a manufacturing plant where physical space is at a premium, additional assembly lines may be provided longer and multiple processes may not be possible during the application of multiple paint coatings. Thus, it may not be possible to give a specific paint finish to vehicles manufactured in some smaller manufacturing plants.

  US Pat. No. 5,871,827 to Jeffe et al. (The entire subject of which is incorporated by reference) is a process for two- and three-coating automotive finishes and their preparation comprising top coating or intermediate Disclosed is a process in which multiple colors are achieved in incorporating opaque light interference pigments into the coating. The process taught by Jeff involves the use of two coating layers, the first of which includes an opaque white, black or colored pigment to hide the whole, and the second layer is the first coating It is an interference pigment that does not hide. To complete this finish, a clear top coating is further applied over the colored coating. Further, the taught opaque interference pigment particles are multi-layer particles having an opaque layer coated with a transparent dielectric layer and then coated with a translucent layer. This is a relatively complicated and expensive coating process to apply, the result of which is the effect of multicolor paint.

  Sada et al., US Pat. No. 5,350,509, the entire subject of which is incorporated by reference, describes a color base, a first coating layer disposed on the color base, and the first coating layer. And a transparent interference member included in the substrate, wherein each of the glitter members includes a layered structure in which at least two polymers having different refractive indexes are alternately overlapped, and reflection interference caused by the alternate layered structure A coating structure is disclosed that controls interference light resulting from and transmitted light other than interference light.

  Panush et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,499,143, the entire subject of which is incorporated by reference, discloses a transparent top coating containing a low pigment to binder ratio iron oxide encapsulated in mica particles. A composition is disclosed. The Panush teachings specifically address the creation of colored finishes with depth, transparency and chromaticity. Although this patent shows that mica encapsulating iron oxide pigments has an inherent hiding ability in addition to being pearlescent, they are said to be the added color. These desired color effects are stated to be unattainable with metals (ie, aluminum) and previous pearlescent pigments (natural or synthetic). These so-called “colorless and opaque pigments reduce the value of true colored pigments, resulting in a gray-cloudy-low chroma color. This patent fails to recognize and teach the value of aluminum as a pigment and concealment material in a pearlescent white finish.

  Panush et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,615,940 (the entire subject of which is incorporated by reference) discloses a milky white color effect on a substrate that utilizes a multi-coating system, where the colored A primer is applied to the surface, followed by a clear base coating and then a clear coating. This transparent base coating should tend to have a relatively high light transmission with poor hiding quality. To compensate for the characteristics of this base coating, a primer with very effective black and white hiding is required and blocks UV light levels (if not blocked, significant electrical coatings through transparent base coatings). Further measurements will be required if there will be degradation). Furthermore, the use of a clear base coating requires that the primer layer be carefully applied and thoroughly filed. This is because the transparent base coating cannot mask defects in the primer coating.

  In the case of conventional titanium dioxide white paint, a very large amount of titanium dioxide pigment is added to the paint medium, and for conventional paint application, a reasonable film thickness typically 30-50 microns, sufficient hiding power Must be achieved. Since this paint formulation has little ability to further retain solid particles, there is little room in the paint mixture to add a pearlescent material such as mica particles. It is already known that the visual appearance of a white paint does not change when mica is added to a conventional white titanium dioxide paint. Conventional titanium dioxide-based white paints, i.e., paints having a titanium content of more than 90 percent of the pigment part, remain “flat” white appearance, regardless of the addition of pearlescent material. It is.

  Solvent based paints can carry 40-60 percent pigment. On the other hand, water-based paints and primers do not atomize the pigment as well. Thus, the maximum pigment load should be fairly low, for example in the range of 20-35 percent. In each case, for a conventional white paint, 90% of the pigment must be a white pigment, i.e. titanium dioxide.

  It is believed that the mica flakes are buried in the large amount of titanium dioxide pigment required to make a conventional white paint, and the pearly luster appearance of the mica becomes invisible.

  To create a traditional painted finish with a white pearly luster appearance, a white titanium dioxide paint is added to prevent pearl luster material "drowning" before mica or another pearl It was necessary to apply a pearl coating of glossy material. Conventional pearl coatings themselves do not have hiding power. A colored base coating is necessary to cover finish marks, such as to cover file marks on the article and to create the actual color of the painted article. The pearl coating simply gives a glossy character, which translates a “glossy” finish into a “pearl” finish. Titanium dioxide white base coating and pearl coating are two different types of paint and require a separate flash time to fix the coating before other materials are applied to the surface. If there is no flash time between the application of the colored base coating and the application of the pearl coating, paint striking occurs between these coatings. Paint striking is a paint trap, where the dye or pigment from the previous paint layer is dissolved and leached in the solvent of the newly applied material to give the finished color of the newly applied material. Occurs when changing. Striking occurs by applying two different types of paint coatings without sufficient flash time between the application of the two coatings. The application of a separate mica pearlescent coating requires a separate application process, which requires significant adjustments in the car production line, which substantially increases the painting costs of each vehicle produced. Much.

  The effect of exposure to sunlight is a fundamental cause of the deterioration of most materials due to weathering. The main element of paint weathering is photolysis.

  The wavelength distribution of sunlight reaching the earth's surface is important because of the relative influence on the material produced by each wavelength region.

Sunlight can be divided into three main areas: ultraviolet (UV), visible and infrared (IR). Each region has its own distinct wavelength range.
1. UV wavelength less than 400nm 6.1% of sunlight component
2. Visible 400-700nm wavelength-51.8% of sunlight component
3. Infrared wavelength over 700-42.1% of sunlight component

  The visible region is responsible for the largest part of the overall solar energy; however, the UV part of the solar energy is the most destructive component. The ultraviolet (line) itself is divided into three distinct wavelength regions; only UVA and UVB reach the earth's surface.

Range Wavelength (nm)
UVC less than 280 UVB 280-320
UVA 320-400

  There is no UVC on the surface. This is because wavelengths below 293 to 300 nm are not transmitted by the atmosphere. The shorter the UV wavelength, the greater its damage effect on the material. UVA and even shorter wavelength UVB are responsible for most photolysis. Thus, the proportion of sunlight that contains the smallest percentage of the solar spectrum is the main cause of material degradation.

  Photolysis occurs as a result of light energy that breaks chemical bonds in exposed materials, resulting in physical structure degradation. The shorter the wavelength, the greater the energy of each individual packet, and the light can break more and more powerful molecular bonds. Thus, chemical structures that can resist 350 nm irradiation may not be able to withstand 320 nm irradiation. However, as the energy level in photons increases, the amount available is reduced.

  The first law of photochemistry states that only absorbed light can cause damage. Accordingly, if absorption of damaging UV energy is prevented or otherwise reduced, degradation is slowed. This premise provides a considerable basis for research in paint formulations.

  The visible part of the solar spectrum is responsible for a limited part of the physical decomposition, but only in a few materials that are sensitive. Some dyes and pigments are sensitive to wavelengths in the lower region of the visible spectrum. This reveals color changes in most materials, but there are no changes to other physical properties.

  The infrared region causes heat accumulation on the irradiated specimen, but otherwise there is no significant degradation associated therewith. IR is a factor in deterioration. Because absorption at these wavelengths raises the temperature of the specimen, which in turn leads to an increase in the rate of photolysis.

  Although significant progress has been made over the years to improve UV protection for coatings, there remains a need for improved pearly luster coatings with UV transmission capabilities.

  The object of the present invention is therefore to address at least some of the disadvantages mentioned above.

  According to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a white pigment comprising one or more pigment components selected from the following group; aluminum, zinc, copper / zinc alloy, stainless steel, nickel and Selected metal salt. In particular, a white pigment is presented, which includes one or more salts selected from the group consisting of: aluminum oxide, aluminum silicate, hydrated aluminum magnesium silicate (talc), silica , Mica (k2O.3Al2O3.6SiO2.2H20), aluminum silicate, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, calcium metasilicate, anhydrous sodium sodium silicate / potassium aluminum silicate, alumina trihydrate, barium sulfate . More particularly, this white pigment consists of a pigment formulation consisting of aluminum oxide and each of which is a paint, lacquer or primer. A pearlescent white paint may be formulated by providing a paint formulation to which a white pigment and a pearlescent material are added. The process for creating a pearly white finish on an object comprises the steps of applying to the object at least one base coating of a pearly white paint formulation according to the invention, fixing the base coating, Applying a clear coating and fixing the clear coating.

  In one embodiment, the weight percentage of aluminum oxide is in the range of about 0.1% to about 50%. The pigment formulation for the base coating paint may have an aluminum oxide content in the range of about 0.1% to about 20% by weight. The pigment formulation for the primer may have a proportion of aluminum oxide in the range of about 0.1% to about 10% by weight.

  In one embodiment, the pigment comprises a titanium portion, such as titanium dioxide, preferably in one or more forms of its salt.

In another aspect of the present invention, a method for making a pearlescent white paint is provided, which method comprises the following steps:
a. Providing a paint formulation;
b. To which is added a white pigment comprising one or more salts selected from the following groups: aluminum oxide, aluminum silicate, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate; and c. The process of adding a pearl luster substance there.

  In one embodiment, the base coating is applied at a thickness of approximately 7-25 micrometers and may be fixed by environmental flash dehydration and / or baking in an oven. The clear coating may also be applied to a thickness of about 35-45 micrometers.

  In yet another aspect of the invention, the present invention provides a process for making a pearly white finish on an object, the process comprising the following steps: at least one of a pearly white paint formulation The process of applying two base coatings to the object, the pearlescent white paint formulation comprising the following groups: aluminum oxide, aluminum silicate, hydrated aluminum magnesium silicate, silica, mica, aluminum silicate, Including white pigment containing one or more salts selected from magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, calcium metasilicate, anhydrous sodium and potassium aluminum silicate, sodium aluminum silicate, alumina trihydrate, barium sulfate, Process.

In yet another aspect of the present invention, a method is provided for forming a finished vehicle paint coating of a predetermined color, the method comprising the following steps:
a. Forming at least one base layer, the at least one base layer having color characteristics that at least partially determine the color of the finished vehicle paint coating;
b. Forming a pearly luster layer on the at least one base coating, the pearly luster layer comprising at least one pearly luster component for providing a pearly luster effect on the finished vehicle paint coating, and 500 grit Comprising at least one physical defect concealment component for concealing physical defects present on at least one base layer with a roughness not exceeding.

In yet another aspect of the present invention, a method of forming a finished vehicle paint coating of a predetermined color is provided, which method includes the following steps:
a. Forming at least one base layer, the at least one base layer having color characteristics that at least partially determine the color of the finished vehicle paint coating;
b. Forming a pearly luster layer on the at least one base coating, the pearly luster layer comprising at least one first pearly luster component for providing a pearly luster effect to the finished vehicle paint coating; And a physical defect in the at least one base layer without the at least one second component is visible in the finished vehicle paint coating.

  In yet another aspect of the invention, a pearly luster coating for a vehicle of a specific vehicle color is provided, the pearly luster coating comprising an e coating and an outer coating portion applied to the e coating, The outer coating portion includes at least one color-containing primer layer applied to the e-coating layer and a pearly luster coating applied to the primer layer, the outer coating portion comprising about 85 UV radiation applied to the coating. % Can be absorbed.

  In yet another aspect of the invention, a pearly luster coating for a vehicle of a specific vehicle color is provided, the pearly luster coating comprising an e coating and an outer coating portion applied to the e coating, The outer coating portion includes at least one color-containing primer layer applied to the e-coating layer and a pearly luster coating applied to the primer layer, the primer layer having a thickness ranging from about 15 to 35 microns. However, the pearly luster layer has a thickness ranging from about 11 to 20 microns, where the outer coating portion can absorb about 85% of the UV radiation exposed to the coating.

  In yet another aspect of the invention, a pearly luster coating for a vehicle of a specific vehicle color is provided, the pearly luster coating comprising an e coating and an outer coating portion applied to the e coating, The outer coating portion includes at least one color-containing primer layer applied to the e-coating layer and a pearly luster coating applied to the outer surface of the primer layer, wherein the pearly luster layer has a coarseness of about 500 grit or less. The physical deformation present on this outer surface formed by the sand paper of the degree can be concealed. In yet another aspect of the invention, a pearly luster coating for a vehicle of a specific vehicle color is provided, the pearly luster coating comprising an e coating and an outer coating portion applied to the e coating, The outer coating portion includes at least one color-containing primer layer applied to the e-coating layer and a pearly luster coating applied to the outer surface of the primer layer, the outer surface having a grit ranging from 500 to 800. Having at least one local repair area formed by sanding with sandpaper, wherein the pearly luster layer hides the presence of this local repair area from the naked eye Can do.

In yet another aspect of the invention, a method is provided for forming a finish paint coating of a predetermined color, which method includes the following steps:
-Forming at least one base layer, the at least one base layer having color characteristics, which at least partly determine the color of the finish coating;
Forming a pearly luster layer on the at least one base coating, the pearly luster layer comprising at least one pearly luster component that imparts a pearly luster effect to the finished paint coating, and the at least one Comprising at least one physical defect concealment component for concealing physical defects present on the base layer.

  In one embodiment, the above formation process is performed using a water-based carrier.

  Some preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  In the rest of this description, reference will be made to the pigment load or the percentage of the pigment. For clarity, the pigment concentration is assumed to be 100 percent of the paint, but in practice it is not 100 percent considering the need for solvents, binders, and the like.

  “Hiding Power” is an important quantitative factor in determining paint make-up. The hiding power can be quantitatively defined as a property of the paint that allows the paint to be sprayed onto some background to completely hide the background. Generally speaking, in the paint industry, complete concealment is achieved when the paint applied on a black background has a reflectance of 0.98 of the paint applied on the white background with the same thickness. Is recognized. This means that the hiding power is the contrast ratio of background and paint thickness and the contrast difference needs to be reduced to 0.02. The standard figure 0.02 is based on Weber-Fechner's law, which states that differences of less than 2% (0.02) are not perceptible to the human eye in moderate lighting conditions.

  The hiding power is caused by the light absorbing properties of the pigment particles in the paint film when applied to a painted surface. If considerable light emerges from the top of the surface of the paint film and the base is not hidden, the paint film does not hide much. Most pigments are crystalline in nature. In particular, white pigments tend to scatter light strongly when dispersed in a paint medium. If a single crystal of white pigment is grown large enough, it is recognized as a glossy and transparent glass-like crystal. This light scattering feature results in the appearance of a large amount of light from the surface of the paint film due to the corresponding poor hiding power.

Titanium dioxide (TiO ₂ ) is the most common white pigment for use in paint. Unfortunately, this pigment has a relatively poor hiding power. To maintain the white color, the addition of other colored pigments that are defined as having greater hiding power does not improve the hiding properties. Thus, conventional white base coatings closely include titanium dioxide pigments. This means that to achieve a white paint color with black and white hiding properties of less than 35 microns, the paint must contain at least 90% by weight titanium dioxide. This pigment content has almost reached the maximum possible pigment content in a paint formulation that still allows the paint to flow and still be effectively sprayed onto the surface. In contrast, other paint colors, including pigments with more effective hiding power, may be included as much as 5% by weight of the pigment.

In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, it has been determined that aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ) can be advantageously used as a white pigment. Aluminum oxide pigments can be effectively formulated in paints, lacquers and primers. By substitution of aluminum oxide for titanium dioxide, pigment loads in the range of 0.1% to 50% by weight of the total pigment content of the formulation can be performed. This percentage changes the desired color position of the paint for the required hiding power. The pigment load of aluminum oxide for formulating the white base coating paint may be in the range of 0.1 wt% to 20 wt%. When the aluminum oxide loading is carried out above 20% by weight, the overall color of the paint starts to take a bluish / gray cast. In certain cases, the clear coating finish may be adjusted slightly towards yellow to compensate for some of this bluish / gray shade. The preferred aluminum oxide pigment load for the primer is in the range of 0.01 wt% to 50 wt%. A preferred white aluminum oxide pigment loading range is 0.01 wt% to 25 wt%.

  The reason that a pigment according to one embodiment of the present invention may be replaced with a considerably lower pigment load (determined by weight percent of paint) compared to a conventional white titanium dioxide pigment is one embodiment of the present invention. Pigments, particularly aluminum oxide, has a hiding power value that is significantly improved over titanium dioxide. Thus, fewer pigments are needed to achieve the same “hidden” capability.

  The most desirable alternative to titanium dioxide for use as a pigment is aluminum oxide. It is cheaper than titanium dioxide and has good hiding characteristics.

  Aluminum oxide is a preferred material for use as a white pigment according to one embodiment of the invention, but other metals and salts may also be used as white pigments. More specifically, the following: aluminum oxide, aluminum silicate, hydrated aluminum silicate / magnesium (talc), silica, mica (k2O.3Al2O3.6SiO2.2H20), aluminum silicate, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate One or more metal salts selected from the group comprising calcium metasilicate, anhydrous sodium and potassium aluminum silicate, sodium aluminum silicate, alumina trihydrate, and barium sulfate may be used as the white pigment. Furthermore, in certain cases, one or more of the metal salts listed above may be combined in a white pigment together with a preferred pigment component, aluminum oxide. The metal salts listed above vary in their effectiveness for use as white pigments. As salt hiding power decreases, its effectiveness as a pigment decreases. This is because a greater load of this salt is required to achieve the effective hiding properties of the paint, lacquer or primer for which this pigment is formulated.

  The use of barium sulfate is the least recommended group of metal salts. Not only does it have a low hiding power, but the use of barium sulfate as a pigment may cause the resulting paint or primer to have an unsatisfactory milky appearance under certain conditions.

  Other materials have a higher hiding power than titanium dioxide, but for the environment or other paint formulations they are not a desirable alternative to titanium dioxide white pigment. Such unwanted alternatives include lead, zinc and antimony oxides, and the use of these salts as pigments is not recommended.

  The pigment particle size according to one embodiment of the present invention may be varied to improve the effectiveness and hiding power of this pigment in a paint or primer formulation.

  The paint primer may be advantageously formulated by replacing the pigment according to one embodiment of the present invention in place of or in place of the titanium dioxide pigment conventionally used in the primer. When aluminum oxide is used as or in a white pigment, the dense load of pigments traditionally formulated to make a primer may be reduced to about 0.1 to 60 percent. In other words, the replacement of aluminum oxide as a white pigment replacing some or all of the titanium dioxide reduces the overall weight percent of pigment required for the desired hiding properties of the primer. The reduction in pigment load has the beneficial effect of improving the flow properties of the primer and simplifies the manufacturing process of this primer by reducing the polishing time required to make the primer. Thinner primers are produced by exchanging pigments according to one embodiment of the present invention. The coating that can be achieved with thinner primers, the better the coating obtained with the primed article. If the amount of pigment in the primer is reduced, then the overall solids content of the primer is reduced and the probability of building solid pigment particles as sludge in the primer container, spray nozzle and hose is reduced.

  There may be cases where a white pigment may be formulated to contain a proportion of titanium dioxide and another proportion of aluminum oxide. In this case, aluminum oxide contributes to hiding, but titanium dioxide tends to offset the color shift to blue / gray due to aluminum oxide, or another color shift due to other pigment components.

  By using a white pigment according to one embodiment of the present invention instead of titanium dioxide in the primer, the necessary hiding properties of the primer to be achieved are obtained without dense pigment loading. The reduction in pigment load eliminates the need to add conventional cure inhibitors to allow the primer to flow sufficiently for spray application. The elimination of cure inhibitors is advantageous. This is because the use of a curing inhibitor in the primer results in some undesirable side effects that cannot occur without this inhibitor. The cure inhibitor allows the primer to be applied in a very short working time frame. Also, the use of inhibitors increases the risk of paint sagging or popping and uneven spray coating. Sagging is a paint trap, which results from the action of gravity on a wet paint coating applied to a vertical surface. Sagging occurs as a downward flow of paint on the painted surface. The sagging phenomenon is further exacerbated by the high level of pigment in the paint and the use of a thick coating of paint. Bounce is a paint fold that results from the rupture or formation of bubbles near the surface of the layer of paint applied to the article. Bounce can occur when the surface viscosity of the paint increases to a high level, but volatiles remain in a level below the paint film. The likelihood of hopping increases with the film thickness of the paint layer. This is because the thicker the paint layer, the greater the opportunity for the difference in the solvent content therein. To avoid these undesirable defects in spray coating, multiple thin coatings of primer or paint should be used, thus increasing processing time and associated costs. This undesirable effect may also result in substandard coatings on the finished painted article, and such defects must be detected during inspection and then repaired, and capacity and efficiency Is damaged. The use of one of the aluminum oxides and / or other pigments according to the present invention results in a primer with low pigment loading and improved concealment properties. The improved flow characteristics of the primer formulated according to one embodiment of the present invention mitigate the undesirable effects considered.

  White pigments according to one embodiment of the present invention are particularly effective for use in creating pearlescent white finishes on painted articles including automobiles and trucks. The illustrated pearlescent coating is schematically shown as 10 in FIG. 1 a where an e-coating 14 is formed on the metal surface 12. In this case, the color base layer 16 is applied to the e-coating layer 14 and the pearly luster layer 18 is applied on the color base 16 and finished by the transparent coating layer 20. In this case, the pearly luster layer 18 provides both a first pearly luster component and a second component that contributes to hiding, but this is the pearly luster effect imparted on the coating by the first pearly luster component. Is provided in such a way that it is not given or reduced more than necessary. The dual component composition of this pearly luster coating, and thus the dual function, is presented by two-way cross diagonal lines. Details of the pearly luster coating are described in further detail hereinbelow.

  For comparison purposes, an exemplary pearlescent coating is also shown in FIG. 1a, which is illustrated here as 100. This coating has an e-coating 104 formed on the metal surface 102. In this case, the first color base layer 106 is applied to the e-coating layer 104, typically a primer coating, and the second color base layer 108a is applied over the first color base layer. A pearly luster layer 108 b is applied over the second color base 108 a and the coating is finished with a transparent coating layer 109. In this case, the pearly luster layer 108b has a pearly luster component, but does not have other components that contribute to concealment. Rather, this hiding effect is left on the second color base layer 108a. Accordingly, the nature of a single component of this pearly luster layer 108b is indicated by a unidirectional diagonal line.

  In order to make a pearly luster paint finish, a selected amount of refractive material or pearly luster material must be added to the paint along with the color pigment. Many pearlescent materials are known and used in the paint industry to make pearly gloss finishes in paint products. Any pearl gloss factor may be used in some cases in conjunction with one embodiment of the present invention, although the most commonly used pearl gloss material is mica flakes.

  Certain preferred forms of mica flakes or alumina oxide are available from Merck KgaA under the trade name XIRALLIC®. The XIRALLIC® formulation of alumina oxide is in the form of hexagonal flakes having a particle size greater than 10 micrometers and an aspect ratio (defined as particle diameter / thickness) of 5-10. Other less preferred flake forms of alumina oxide can also be successfully used either alone or in combination with the product XIRALLIC®. The proportion of different flake forms of alumina oxide will depend on the desired pigment properties and will vary depending on the tolerance for increased production costs due to the increased proportion of use in the form of preferred XIRALLIC® products. obtain.

  Other pearlescent materials may include: metal oxide coated, naturally occurring mica crystal plates, coated with highly refractive metal oxides such as titanium dioxide or iron oxide. Hypoxanthpurine obtained from synthetic materials such as alumina or silica flakes, bismuth oxychloride crystals, natural pearl luster guanine and fish scales. References to mica in the description of the present invention are used for exemplary purposes only, can be used to make a pearly glossy white finish using the white pigment of the present invention, and There is no intention to limit the range of pearlescent materials that can be used in pigment formulations, including the white pigments of the embodiments.

  In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, by adding mica along with other color paint pigments to the paint, a colored pearl luster paint finish other than white, which may have more effective hiding properties by convention. Can be produced. In order to achieve the desired pearly luster appearance, the amount of titanium dioxide must be below 15% of the total pigment content. Increasing the proportion of titanium dioxide in the formulation above this level reduces the pearlescent effect. For example, it has been found that when the level of titanium dioxide is lower than 35%, a pearly luster coating containing it (which can be described as “pearl white”) begins to appear. At 35%, it is very bright and shining white. At 25%, it begins to become pearl white, but not so “clean” pearl effect due to the high level of titanium. Surprisingly, pearly luster layers containing titanium levels below about 15% begin to develop true white pearls, but the hiding properties are also quite low, but here the above improves hiding properties However, it has been found that in order to reduce light transmission, maintain white color and improve shine, it can be offset by adding a portion of aluminum oxide or other pigment having similar properties.

  When a pigment according to one embodiment of the invention is used to formulate a white base coating paint, this pigment can be achieved by using titanium dioxide on its own, as is achieved in conventional coatings. Rather, it provides sufficient hiding properties to the base coating paint at a much lower weight percent, for example in the range of about 15 to about 60 weight percent. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, instead of titanium dioxide, a total of by replacing at least part of the conventional coating of titanium dioxide with a pigment comprising aluminum and / or one of its salts as described above. Pigment loads in the range of 0.1% to 10% by weight of the pigment content occur. The exact weight percentage is based on the final desired color position of the white pearlescent paint. If a slight bluish white is desired, this load may exceed 10%; however, if a yellowish white is preferred, this load should not exceed 10%. In practice, it has been confirmed that the load of aluminum oxide as a white pigment provides the desired pearly luster paint at levels below 5% of the total pigment.

  It has further been discovered that the pearly luster coating formulation in one embodiment of the present invention has superior hiding and UV light blocking properties compared to conventional pearly luster coatings. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a pearly luster formulation is provided for a coating material comprising a pigment composition and a substantially transparent paint substrate. In this case, a range of substrates can be used to form the coatings described herein, including the groups mentioned in the patents mentioned in the background section above. Including wood. The pigment composition is, for example, a first component selected to impart a pearly luster effect to the coating, when the pigment composition is in a coating having a thickness of about 11 microns, and more than 500 grit A second component selected to conceal the local repair filed region having no roughness to the naked eye.

  However, there may be some cases where the pigment composition can hide roughness greater than 500 grit, for example 350 grit. For example, a greater amount of the second component may be added to the pigment composition, and the thickness of the coating containing the pigment composition may be greater than 11 microns.

A pearl permeable coating formulation according to one embodiment of the invention has the following components:
TiO2 0.1-15%
Mica (XIRALLIC, gold, mica, etc.) 10-99%
Aluminum (fine, coarse, or gold) 0.1-20%
Pigment color (yellow, black, blue, red, etc.) 0.0-5%

  The aluminum particles may be relatively large or coarse particles, ie particles having a particle size of 1-2 microns thick and 100-200 microns in size. This coarse particle may provide the surprising advantage of enhancing the pearly luster effect of pearlescent materials by imparting a “flip flop” effect (this term is known to those skilled in the art). Has been found. Further, the auxiliary role of the coarse aluminum material in the hiding and blue / gray effects on the pigment color is relatively small as a result of using aluminum, e.g. Preferably it can be compensated by titanium dioxide in the range of about 1% to about 5%. Coarse aluminum is available from Delta Colors Inc. And / or Siberline Mfg. Co. , Inc. Aluminum is generally sold in pastes only as “aluminum pastes-leafing” or “aluminum pastes-nonleafing” depending on the specific particle size distribution.

  The aluminum particles may also be fine particles. That is, particles having a thickness range of 0.1 to 1 micron and a size range of 0.1 to 100 microns in diameter. These particles can be produced, for example, by “Delta Colors Inc.” and / or Siberline Mfg. Co. , Inc. Pigments, which are commercially available from or used as supplied or milled, or otherwise processed to reduce their size or size range profile to be suitable for application. May be.

  It is believed that the desired concealing features of a pearly luster formulation according to one embodiment of the present invention are created by concealing the aluminum features and the reflective properties of titanium oxide. The aluminum particles in this formulation are believed to achieve concealment by blocking light, and due to the presence of aluminum in the formulation, particularly at higher pigment loads, for example, the aluminum particles are 10 percent of the pigment composition. If it exceeds, it is made a blue-gray color. Titanium pigments in the formulation are reflective materials that assist in hiding by reflected light. Titanium pigments also offset the bluish gray associated with the presence of aluminum.

  The pearly luster formulation according to one embodiment of the present invention also allows, in some cases, this coating to function in the automotive painting process in a manner similar to a paint layer (but not similar to a pearlescent clear coating layer). To the extent that it can be used for hiding and UV blocking. The functional advantage of a formulation according to one embodiment of the present invention allows the use of two coating paint systems instead of three coating paint systems to obtain a colored pearlescent automotive paint finish . See FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 for an understanding of the comparison between the 2 and 3 coating systems.

  Another particular feature of one embodiment of the present invention is the ability to use the polymer backbone in water-based systems. This provides significant environmental benefits. This is because water based systems have the advantage of very low volatility organics (VOC) compared to organic solvent based counterparts. In this case, the pigment load necessary to use the pigment according to an embodiment of the present invention can be delivered in an aqueous system. This is because the pigment load is limited to 20 to 35 percent. Thus, the pigments of the present invention can effectively eliminate the need for 90 percent white pigment requirement in conventional white paints in some cases and can be used in these desired aqueous systems. According to another aspect of the invention, the invention provides a pearly luster coating for vehicles of a particular vehicle color. The pearly luster coating has an e-coating (conventional electrical coating primer in painting and sealing metal components in the automotive industry) and an outer coating applied to the e-coating. In this case, the outer coating portion includes at least one color-containing base layer applied to the e-coating layer and a pearly luster layer applied to the primer layer. The thickness of the base layer is preferably in the range of about 15-40 microns, more preferably in the range of about 30 to about 40 microns. This pearlescent layer has a thickness in the range of about 7-20 microns, more preferably in the range of about 11 to about 15 microns. The pearly luster coating may be formulated in some cases to absorb about 85 percent of the UV dose on the coating, for example under conditions where the coating has a thickness of 14 microns.

  In another aspect of the invention, a method is provided for forming a finished vehicle paint coating of a predetermined color. This method includes the following steps. Forming at least one base layer, the at least one base layer having color characteristics that at least partially determine a color of the finished vehicle paint coating. A pearly luster layer is formed on the at least one base coating. The pearly luster layer hides at least one pearly luster component to provide a pearly luster effect on the finished vehicle paint coating, and physical defects present on at least one base layer with a roughness not exceeding about 500 grit. At least one physical defect concealment component. This pearly luster layer is formulated in the manner described above.

  The hiding ability of the pearly luster formulation according to the present invention further presents further useful advantages. Pearl luster formulations, as described above, in some cases not only achieve black and white hiding, but also achieve physical hiding. In other words, application of a pearly luster formulation to a slightly irregular surface hides the physical irregularity of this surface, or changes in the local repair and repair area, making it invisible to the human eye. Has an effect.

  Local repair areas, for example, both have been determined to be removed or corrected by file or other treatment prior to pearl luster coating, for example, paint dripping, physical Obstacles, such as unwanted steel or paint particles, may be locations on the vehicle that are encased in the paint.

  A method of forming a finished vehicle paint coating of a predetermined color has been developed and includes the following steps. At least one base layer is formed. The base layer has color characteristics that at least partially determine the color of the finished vehicle paint coating. This base layer is preferably a primer layer containing a pigment that at least partially determines the finish color. A pearly luster layer is formed on this base layer. The pearly luster layer includes at least one first pearly luster component and at least one second component for providing a pearly luster effect to the finished vehicle paint coating, and without this second component, This physical deformation at least in the base layer is visible in the finished vehicle paint coating. The formulation of this pearly luster layer follows the general formulation described above, and more particularly the specific sample formulation specified in Table 1.

  In addition to the method described in the previous paragraph, it is advantageous in the following further steps to use the concealing properties of the pearly luster formulation in practical application on the assembly line of an automobile factory. The base layer is inspected for any paint defects such as dripping or sag. If such a defect exists, the defect area on the base layer that needs repair and repair is specified. A repair base layer patch is applied to the defect area. File the base layer patch to a roughness equal to the roughness caused by sanding, for example, with sandpaper finer than 500 grit, thereby removing the intermediate base layer without finishing this base layer. Form. A repair pearly luster layer is applied over this intermediate base layer. The repair pearly luster layer includes at least one pearly luster component, and a sufficient amount of at least one other repair component, the component in a concentration sufficient to conceal physical deformation in the intermediate base layer. It exists in the repairing pearly luster layer, and if it is not present, it is visible with the naked eye, and even if it is present, the pearly luster effect of this pearly luster component is suppressed.

  Accordingly, one embodiment of the present invention provides a method for applying a white pearlescent finish on a vehicle by utilizing a pigment that is less than the entire pigment compared to the pigment utilized in the prior art. In this case, part of the finishing concealment requirement is contributed by pigments other than pearlescent pigments. This provides a significant technical effect of reducing the average thickness of the primer coating applied over the e-coating (or equivalent). For example, a conventional primer coating may require a minimum average thickness of 45 microns, for example, to provide more than the minimum hiding required to filter the UV light to which the finished surface is exposed. In this case, a safety margin of approximately 10 percent is imposed to perform any repair repairs at inconspicuous locations on the vehicle surface that are known to receive statistically thinner primer coatings. In this one embodiment of the present invention, when applying a pearly luster layer to provide concealment and UV filtering as well, the safety margin is that a thinner primer (eg, an average thickness of about 30 microns, That is, it can still be introduced with a reduction of about 30%).

  In addition, pigments added to the pearly luster layer to provide hiding properties may also help in the placement of individual pearly luster particles in some cases, and the pearly luster particles are, for example, locally in the binder. It is more sensitive to adjusting its position to changes in electrostatic charge caused by physical filing in the repair area. Without further pigment, the pearly luster particles, which are themselves electrically charged particles, are taken up in the middle part, e.g. partly upright on the pearly luster layer, which is undesirable for the naked eye It may be even more likely that it can give a distinctly different look to a particular area.

Embodiments of the invention are described with reference to the following examples, which are presented for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

(Example)
Specific examples of formulations according to one embodiment of the present invention are shown in Tables 1-5.

  A black and white test to determine the hiding properties of a pearly luster coating according to one embodiment of the present invention yields the following results: In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a layer of pearly luster coating having the formulation according to pilot sample 63 in Table 1 achieved black and white hiding when applied in a 90 micron thick layer. In contrast, a conventional pearly luster white mica coating (XIRALLIC ™ by itself) did not achieve the same hiding unless applied with a layer at least 581 microns thick.

  A test was conducted to evaluate the UV irradiation filtering ability of a pearly luster formulation according to one embodiment of the present invention.

  Samples of selected pearly luster formulations were tested by prolonged exposure to UV irradiation (for percent light transmission) by the following method.

  Preparation: Each film had no substrate. Primers were sprayed onto PP (polypropylene) plaques, but only the top-coated panels were sprayed onto Mylar sheets. This is due to the involvement of the top coating UV stabilization package that goes into the PP. The primer was sprayed across two panels from 0 to 57 microns.

  Test Method: The film was placed in the middle cell of an automatic recording spectrophotometer (measuring spectral transmission) instrument and scanned from 705 to 297 nm in 1 nm increments. Surface area (nm%) was calculated internally by this instrument for the UV and visible regions. The top of the strip is marked to indicate where the film thickness is measured for each measurement. The mechanical error was less than 1%, but care must be taken that the entire cell window is filled with free film samples.

  A control sample of a pearly luster formulation containing only mica was subjected to the same test conditions. The data obtained is shown in Table 6, where the right column shows the application of UV radiation at increasing wavelengths and the remaining column shows the wavelength of light in nanometers. This column indicates the type of paint.

MICA-XIRALLIC pearl coating only 14μ film thickness 2C1B-14μ film thickness Honda pearl coating 3C1B—conventional 3-coated white pearl (7μ color base and 7μ pearl base) —total film thickness is 14μ.
White -14μ film thickness of conventional glossy white pearl Gold-14μ film thickness gold paint

  Referring now to FIG. 1, in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of a pearly luster formulation according to one embodiment of the present invention, in the graph, the data of the ratio of the transmittance of UV radiation to the increase in wavelength of UV radiation. Was plotted.

  This graph clearly demonstrates that as the wavelength increases, the transmittance of UV irradiation through the mica-only control sample increases significantly, reaching an almost 100% peak at 400 nm. In contrast, this pearly luster formulation demonstrates impressive UV irradiation filtering capability with a transmission percentage that is less than 10% at 400 nm.

  A test was conducted to evaluate and demonstrate the physical hiding ability of the pearly luster formulation. The primed surface was abraded using standard roughness filed grit, which is 100, 200, 300, 360, 400, 500, 600, 700 and 800 grit. A pearly luster formulation according to the invention, in particular a formulation having the components specified in the pilot sample 63 specified in Tables 1 to 5, is subjected to this wear according to standard coating procedures in the automotive industry. Applied to the test surface. This pearly luster formulation was applied to an 11 micron thick layer. The test results demonstrated that 500 grit roughness wear was not visible to the naked eye after application of the pearly luster formulation. Application of the pearly luster formulation to 360 grit wear did not cover all the scratches, and similarly, the coarser wear was not masked.

  Although the present invention has been described with respect to what are presently considered to be the preferred embodiments, the invention is not so limited. On the contrary, the invention encompasses various modifications and equivalents and other configurations that utilize a regenerator that substantially restores the initial starting temperature within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Is intended.

  The above pigments, coatings and methods are applied to vehicle surfaces, but they are also applicable to other surfaces, for example, surfaces that encompass a range of industrial and personal products, plastics, metals, etc. It is understood. Accordingly, the above description is not intended to limit the invention as a whole to the preferred field of vehicle surface.

It is a schematic diagram of two coatings. FIG. 4 is a plot of wavelength versus percent light transmission for several coatings. FIG. 4 is a plot of wavelength versus percent light transmission for several coatings. FIG. 4 is a plot of wavelength versus percent light transmission for several coatings. FIG. 4 is a plot of wavelength versus percent light transmission for several coatings. FIG. 4 is a plot of wavelength versus percent light transmission for several coatings. FIG. 4 is a plot of wavelength versus percent light transmission for several coatings. FIG. 4 is a plot of wavelength versus percent light transmission for several coatings. It is a microscope picture which shows the cross section of one panel coating. It is another microscope picture which shows the cross section of another panel coating. It is a flowchart of the method of coating.

Claims (40)

  A white pigment comprising one or more metals and salts selected from the following group: aluminum, zinc, copper / zinc alloy, stainless steel, nickel and metal salts.   The pigment according to claim 1, wherein the following groups: aluminum oxide, aluminum silicate, hydrated aluminum magnesium silicate, silica, mica, aluminum silicate, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, calcium metasilicate Pigment comprising one or more salts selected from: sodium potassium silicate anhydrous, potassium aluminum silicate, sodium aluminum silicate, alumina trihydrate, barium sulfate.   The white pigment according to claim 2, wherein the metal salt is aluminum oxide.   Pigment formulation comprising a white pigment according to claim 2, wherein the pigment formulation is a paint, lacquer or primer.   The pigment formulation of claim 4, wherein the white pigment is aluminum oxide.   6. A pigment formulation according to claim 5, wherein the weight percentage of aluminum oxide is in the range of 0.1% to 50%.   7. A pigment formulation for a base coating paint according to claim 6, wherein the aluminum oxide weight percentage is in the range of 0.1% to 20% by weight.   7. A pigment formulation for the primer according to claim 6, wherein the weight percentage of aluminum oxide is in the range of 0.1% to 10% by weight.   7. A pigment formulation for a lacquer according to claim 6, wherein the aluminum oxide weight fraction is in the range of 0.1% to 10% by weight.   A pearly luster white paint comprising the white pigment of claim 1 or 2.   The pearlescent white paint according to claim 10, wherein the white pigment is aluminum oxide.   The pearly luster white paint according to claim 11, wherein the weight ratio of the aluminum oxide is 0.1% to 10% by weight of the total pigment content. A method for producing a pearly luster white paint comprising the following steps:
a. Providing a paint formulation;
b. To which is added a white pigment comprising one or more salts selected from the following groups: aluminum oxide, aluminum silicate, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate; and c. The process of adding a pearly luster substance there,
Including the method.   14. The method of claim 13, wherein the selected white pigment is aluminum oxide.   15. A method according to claim 14, wherein the proportion by weight of the added aluminum oxide is 0.1% to 10% by weight of the total pigment content.   The method of claim 13, wherein the pearlescent material is mica. A process for producing a pearlescent white finish on an object comprising the following steps:
a. Applying to the object at least one base coating of a pearlescent white paint formulation, the pearlescent white paint formulation comprising the following groups: aluminum oxide, aluminum silicate, hydrated aluminum silicate magnesium , One or more selected from silica, mica, aluminum silicate, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, calcium metasilicate, anhydrous sodium and potassium aluminum silicate, aluminum sodium silicate, alumina trihydrate, and barium sulfate A white pigment containing a salt of
Including the process.   18. A process for making a pearlescent white finish on an object according to claim 17, further comprising fixing a base coating. 19. The process of claim 18, wherein the following steps:
d. Applying a clear coating to the base coating; and e. Fixing the clear coating;
Further comprising a method.   18. The method of claim 17, wherein the base coating is applied to a thickness of about 7-25 micrometers.   The method of claim 18, wherein the base coating is fixed by environmental flash dehydration and / or baking in an oven.   The method of claim 19, wherein the clear coating is applied to a thickness of about 35-45 micrometers. A process for producing a pearlescent white finish on an object comprising the following steps:
a. Applying to the object at least one base coating of a pearlescent white paint formulation comprising the white pigment aluminum oxide;
b. Fixing the base coating;
c. Applying a clear coating to the base coating; and d. Fixing the clear coating;
Including the method.   Use of aluminum salts as white pigments. A method of forming a finished vehicle paint coating of a predetermined color comprising the following steps:
-Forming at least one base layer, the at least one base layer having color characteristics that at least partially determine the color of the finished vehicle paint coating; and-the at least one base Forming a pearly luster layer on the coating, the pearly luster layer having at least one pearly luster component to provide a pearly luster effect on the finished vehicle paint coating, and a roughness not exceeding 500 grit Comprising at least one physical defect concealment component for concealing physical defects present on at least one base layer of
Including the method. A method of forming a finished vehicle paint coating of a predetermined color comprising the following steps:
-Forming at least one base layer, wherein the at least one base layer has a color feature that at least partially determines the color of the finished vehicle paint coating;
Forming a pearly luster layer on the at least one base coating, the pearly luster layer being at least one first pearly luster for providing a pearly luster effect to the finished vehicle paint coating; A component, and at least one second component, wherein the at least one second component is a physical defect present on the at least one base layer, the size of the physical defect being 500 grit Steps selected to provide the pearly luster layer with the ability to conceal not less than defects and to filter up to 85 percent of the UV light exposed to the finished vehicle paint coating;
Including the method. A method of forming a finished vehicle paint coating of a predetermined color comprising the following steps:
-Forming at least one base layer, wherein the at least one base layer has a color feature that at least partially determines the color of the finished vehicle paint coating;
Forming a pearly luster layer on the at least one base coating, the pearly luster layer being at least one first pearly luster for providing a pearly luster effect to the finished vehicle paint coating; A component, and at least one second component, without the second component, physical deformation in the at least one base layer is visible in the finished vehicle paint coating;
Including the method. A method for providing a pearly luster finish on a vehicle body surface comprising the following steps:
Applying at least one base layer to the vehicle body surface to provide a vehicle color on the vehicle body surface;
-Identifying a defect region on the base layer in need of repair repair;
Applying a repair base layer patch to the defect area;
Filing the base layer patch to a roughness not exceeding 500 grit, thereby forming an intermediate base layer, but the base layer is not finished;
Applying a repairing pearly luster layer on the intermediate base layer, the repairing pearly luster layer comprising at least one pearly luster component and a sufficient amount of at least one other repairing component; The component is present in the repair pearlescent layer at a concentration sufficient to conceal physical deformation in the intermediate base layer, and in the absence of the component, the physical deformation is visible to the naked eye; And a process that does not suppress the pearly luster effect of the pearly luster component even if present,
Including the method. A method for providing a pearly luster finish on a vehicle body surface comprising the following steps:
Applying at least one base layer to the surface of the vehicle body to provide a color of the vehicle on the surface of the vehicle body;
-Identifying a defect region on the base layer in need of repair repair;
Applying a repair base layer patch to the defect area;
Filing the base layer patch to a roughness not exceeding 500 grit, thereby forming an intermediate base layer, but the base layer is not finished;
Applying a repairing pearly luster layer on the intermediate base layer, the repairing pearly luster layer comprising at least one pearly luster component and a sufficient amount of at least one other repairing component; The component is present in the repaired pearlescent layer in a concentration sufficient to conceal physical deformation in the intermediate base layer;
Including the method.   A pearly luster coating for a vehicle of a particular vehicle color comprising an e-coating and an outer coating portion applied to the e-coating, wherein the outer coating portion is at least one color applied to the e-coating layer A pearly luster coating comprising a containing primer layer and a pearly luster coating applied to the primer layer, wherein the outer coating portion can absorb about 85% of the UV radiation applied to the coating.   A pearly luster coating for a vehicle of a particular vehicle color, comprising an e-coating and an outer coating portion applied to the e-coating, wherein the outer coating portion is at least one color applied to the e-coating layer And a pearly luster coating applied to the primer layer, the primer layer having a thickness ranging from about 15 to 35 microns, and the pearly luster layer having a thickness ranging from about 11 to 20 microns. Wherein the outer coating portion can absorb about 85% of the UV radiation exposed to the coating.   A pearly luster coating for a vehicle of a particular vehicle color, comprising an e-coating and an outer coating portion applied to the e-coating, wherein the outer coating portion is at least one color applied to the e-coating layer A primer layer and a pearly luster coating applied to the outer surface of the primer layer, wherein the pearly luster layer is a physical deformation present on the outer surface formed by sandpaper having a roughness of about 500 grit or less Can conceal the pearly luster coating.   A pearly luster coating for a vehicle of a particular vehicle color, comprising an e-coating and an outer coating portion applied to the e-coating, wherein the outer coating portion is at least one color applied to the e-coating layer A primer layer and a pearly luster coating applied to the outer surface of the primer layer, the outer surface being formed by sanding with sandpaper having a grit ranging from 500 to 800. A pearly luster coating, wherein the pearly luster layer is capable of concealing the presence of the local reparative repairing area to the naked eye. A method for providing a pearly luster finish on a vehicle body surface comprising the following steps:
Applying at least one base layer to the vehicle body surface to provide a vehicle color on the vehicle body surface;
-Identifying at least one defect region in need of repair repair on the base layer;
Applying a repair base layer patch to the defect area;
Filing the base layer patch to a roughness ranging from about 500 to about 800 grit, thereby forming an intermediate base layer, wherein the intermediate base layer is not finished;
Applying a repairing pearly luster layer on the intermediate base layer, the repairing pearly luster layer comprising at least one pearly luster component and a sufficient amount of at least one other repairing component; The component is present in the repair pearly luster layer at a concentration sufficient to render the base layer patch indistinguishable from the naked eye relative to the vehicle body surface;
Including the method.   A pigment composition for a pearly luster layer in a pearly luster coating, the pigment being a first component selected to impart a pearly luster effect to the coating, and a roughness not exceeding 500 grit A pigment composition comprising a second component selected to conceal a topical repaired filed area having the naked eye from the naked eye.   A pigment composition for a pearly luster layer in a pearly luster coating, wherein the pigment is exposed to a first component selected to impart a pearly luster effect to the coating, and the pearly luster coating A pigment composition comprising a second component selected to filter at least 85% of the UV radiation.   A pearly luster coating material comprising a pigment composition and a substantially transparent paint substrate, wherein the pigment is a first component selected to impart a pearly luster effect to the coating, and 500 grit A pearly luster coating material comprising a second component selected to conceal a local remedial filed area having a roughness not exceeding 1 from the naked eye.   A pearly luster coating material comprising a pigment composition and a substantially transparent paint substrate, wherein the pigment composition is selected to impart a pearly luster effect to the coating; and A pearly luster coating material comprising a second component selected to filter at least 85% of the UV radiation to which the coating is exposed. A method of forming a finished vehicle paint coating of a predetermined color comprising the following steps:
-Forming at least one base layer, the at least one base layer having color characteristics, at least partially determining the color of the finish paint coating; and-the at least one base coating Forming a pearly luster layer, wherein the pearly luster layer comprises at least one pearly luster component that imparts a pearly luster effect to the finished paint coating, and a physical layer present on the at least one base layer. Comprising at least one physical defect concealment component for concealing a physical defect,
Including the method.   40. The method of claim 39, wherein the forming step is performed using a water-based carrier.

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