JP2005504956A5 - - Google Patents
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- JP2005504956A5 JP2005504956A5 JP2002585327A JP2002585327A JP2005504956A5 JP 2005504956 A5 JP2005504956 A5 JP 2005504956A5 JP 2002585327 A JP2002585327 A JP 2002585327A JP 2002585327 A JP2002585327 A JP 2002585327A JP 2005504956 A5 JP2005504956 A5 JP 2005504956A5
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- cell
- hydrogen
- catalyst
- energy
- plasma
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 568
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 510
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 502
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 497
- 210000004027 cells Anatomy 0.000 claims description 466
- 210000002381 Plasma Anatomy 0.000 claims description 395
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 266
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 219
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 187
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 151
- -1 NO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 150
- 125000004435 hydrogen atoms Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 132
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 123
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen atom Chemical compound [H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 116
- 230000001965 increased Effects 0.000 claims description 100
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 96
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 89
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 79
- 125000004429 atoms Chemical group 0.000 claims description 71
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 64
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 61
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium(0) Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000002829 reduced Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon(0) Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000036961 partial Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 210000004011 Plasma Cells Anatomy 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000001793 charged compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000011068 load Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003197 catalytic Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052803 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005405 multipole Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000931526 Acer campestre Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003574 free electron Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002165 resonance energy transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001902 propagating Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007562 laser obscuration time method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- KLGZELKXQMTEMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydride Chemical compound [H-] KLGZELKXQMTEMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 110
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 61
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 49
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 49
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 45
- 235000010599 Verbascum thapsus Nutrition 0.000 description 41
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000003638 reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 30
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 12
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cesium Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 210000004279 Orbit Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 150000002483 hydrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 11
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- 210000002421 Cell Wall Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 10
- MXCPYJZDGPQDRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;2-acetyloxybenzoic acid;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O MXCPYJZDGPQDRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000003595 spectral Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000001808 coupling Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000001603 reducing Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005443 grand unified theory Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052904 quartz Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005610 quantum mechanics Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052774 Proactinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 240000007313 Tilia cordata Species 0.000 description 5
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000002194 synthesizing Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium(0) Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N AI2O3 Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000002547 anomalous Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010192 crystallographic characterization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 4
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000001184 potassium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001419 rubidium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001256 stainless steel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 210000002268 Wool Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000004847 absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000095 alkaline earth hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001427 coherent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005520 electrodynamics Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910010276 inorganic hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006262 metallic foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004430 oxygen atoms Chemical group O* 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001035 Gastrointestinal Tract Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000036499 Half live Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000720974 Protium Species 0.000 description 2
- JAAGVIUFBAHDMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M Rubidium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Rb+] JAAGVIUFBAHDMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FGDZQCVHDSGLHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Rubidium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Rb+] FGDZQCVHDSGLHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CPRMKOQKXYSDML-UHFFFAOYSA-M Rubidium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Rb+] CPRMKOQKXYSDML-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000010928 TGA analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035507 absorption Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007707 calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004455 differential thermal analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001410 inorganic ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004969 ion scattering spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BDRTVPCFKSUHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molecular hydrogen;potassium Chemical compound [K].[H][H] BDRTVPCFKSUHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-acetaminophenol Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006552 photochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium chloride Chemical class [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FJWLWIRHZOHPIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;hydroiodide Chemical compound [K].I FJWLWIRHZOHPIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N protium Chemical compound [1H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007348 radical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon(0) Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010048779 Energy increased Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000002989 Euphorbia neriifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910006115 GeF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004813 Moessbauer spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003301 NiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L Nickel(II) carbonate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000000969 Verbascum thapsus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052789 astatine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(0) Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atoms Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007374 clinical diagnostic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004059 degradation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001941 electron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005421 electrostatic potential Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001336 glow discharge atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton(0) Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting Effects 0.000 description 1
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZLXYMQOCNYUIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;hydrochloride Chemical compound [Li].Cl PZLXYMQOCNYUIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006199 nebulizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010885 neutral beam injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(II) oxide Inorganic materials [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002835 noble gases Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002627 poly(phosphazenes) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Inorganic materials [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- AHLATJUETSFVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium fluoride Inorganic materials [F-].[Rb+] AHLATJUETSFVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001004 secondary ion mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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| US33068801P | 2001-10-29 | 2001-10-29 | |
| US33353401P | 2001-11-28 | 2001-11-28 | |
| PCT/US2002/006955 WO2002088020A2 (en) | 2001-03-07 | 2002-03-07 | Microwave power cell, chemical reactor, and power converter |
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| JP2008085363A Division JP2008275598A (ja) | 2001-03-07 | 2008-03-28 | マイクロ波パワーセル、化学反応炉、及びパワー変換装置 |
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| JP2008085363A Pending JP2008275598A (ja) | 2001-03-07 | 2008-03-28 | マイクロ波パワーセル、化学反応炉、及びパワー変換装置 |
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| JP (2) | JP2005504956A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20040015064A (de) |
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| PL (1) | PL363963A1 (de) |
| TR (1) | TR200301483T2 (de) |
| WO (2) | WO2002088020A2 (de) |
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| US7188033B2 (en) | 2003-07-21 | 2007-03-06 | Blacklight Power Incorporated | Method and system of computing and rendering the nature of the chemical bond of hydrogen-type molecules and molecular ions |
| US7175826B2 (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2007-02-13 | General Electric Company | Compositions and methods for hydrogen storage and recovery |
| GB2422718A (en) | 2003-10-24 | 2006-08-02 | Blacklight Power Inc | Novel molecular hydrogen gas laser |
| US7689367B2 (en) | 2004-05-17 | 2010-03-30 | Blacklight Power, Inc. | Method and system of computing and rendering the nature of the excited electronic states of atoms and atomic ions |
| ITRM20050047A1 (it) * | 2005-02-03 | 2006-08-04 | Gioscia Maria Chiara | Procedimento per la produzione di energia e apparato per la sua attuazione. |
| CA2663657A1 (en) | 2006-09-20 | 2008-03-27 | Allan Jerome | Power generation system |
| KR101871950B1 (ko) * | 2007-04-24 | 2018-06-27 | 브릴리언트 라이트 파워, 인크. | 수소-촉매 반응기 |
| US20090098421A1 (en) * | 2007-04-24 | 2009-04-16 | Mills Randell L | Hydrogen-Catalyst Reactor |
| AU2009276601B2 (en) * | 2008-07-30 | 2014-12-18 | Blacklight Power, Inc. | Heterogeneous hydrogen-catalyst reactor |
| SG10201510821PA (en) * | 2008-07-30 | 2016-02-26 | Blacklight Power Inc | Heterogeneous hydrogen-catalyst reactor |
| CN102549836A (zh) * | 2009-08-07 | 2012-07-04 | 布莱克光电有限公司 | 多相氢-催化剂动力系统 |
| US20120122017A1 (en) * | 2009-08-07 | 2012-05-17 | Mills Randell L | Heterogeneous hydrogen-catalyst power system |
| EP2534672B1 (de) | 2010-02-09 | 2016-06-01 | Energetiq Technology Inc. | Laserbetriebene lichtquelle |
| ES2756719T3 (es) * | 2010-03-18 | 2020-04-27 | Blacklight Power Inc | Sistema de energía electroquímico de catalizador de hidrógeno |
| JP5809348B2 (ja) * | 2011-04-05 | 2015-11-10 | ブラックライト パワー インコーポレーティド | Ｈ２ｏベース電気化学的水素−触媒パワーシステム |
| CN102891346A (zh) * | 2011-07-20 | 2013-01-23 | 徐夫子 | 以氧化还原反应产生电位的电池装置 |
| KR102292890B1 (ko) * | 2013-11-20 | 2021-08-24 | 브릴리언트 라이트 파워, 인크. | 발전 시스템 및 발전 방법 |
| CN107077893B (zh) * | 2014-05-29 | 2019-09-17 | 辉光能源公司 | 产生电能和热能中的至少一种的动力系统 |
| WO2016182605A1 (en) * | 2015-05-09 | 2016-11-17 | Brilliant Light Power, Inc. | Thermophotovoltaic electrical power generator |
| DE102016204733B4 (de) * | 2015-12-30 | 2019-05-09 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | CW-Maser mit elektromagnetischem Schwingkreis |
| US9885888B2 (en) * | 2016-02-08 | 2018-02-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Integrated microwave-to-optical single-photon transducer with strain-induced electro-optic material |
| CN107779908A (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-09 | 孙保胜 | 化学能电能转换机 |
| RU2756166C2 (ru) * | 2016-09-28 | 2021-09-28 | Клин Плэнет Инк. | Тепловыделяющая система |
| TWI795387B (zh) * | 2017-02-12 | 2023-03-11 | 美商明亮光源能源公司 | 產生電能或熱能的電力系統 |
| CN110346461B (zh) * | 2018-04-03 | 2022-01-11 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种光检测流通池 |
| BR112020023120A2 (pt) * | 2018-05-13 | 2021-02-02 | Quantum Spring Research Pty Ltd | dispositivo de feixe de íons e método para gerar calor e energia |
| CN110545025A (zh) * | 2018-05-28 | 2019-12-06 | 河北沃桦农业科技开发有限公司 | 循环生态电机 |
| CN110749645B (zh) * | 2018-07-24 | 2021-10-01 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | 一种用于辉光放电质谱分析的笼状进样装置及样品测试方法 |
| JP6827254B2 (ja) * | 2019-01-04 | 2021-02-10 | ブリリアント ライト パワー インコーポレーティド | パワー発生システム及び同システムに関する方法 |
| US20220351869A1 (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2022-11-03 | Dennis J. Cravens | Systems and methods for generating heat from reactions between hydrogen isotopes and metal catalysts |
| FR3106465B1 (fr) * | 2020-01-20 | 2022-03-18 | Parlement Global De Lenergie | Conversion d’énergie par plasma A1 résonant |
| CN111692060A (zh) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-22 | 狄晓牛 | 一种环流等离子燃料发电机 |
| RU2757377C1 (ru) * | 2020-10-01 | 2021-10-14 | Квантум Индастрис ЛЛС | Способ получения низкотемпературной плазмы и горячего газа для физико-химического воздействия на вещества и установка для получения низкотемпературной плазмы и горячего газа для физико-химического воздействия на вещества (варианты) |
| CN113655292B (zh) * | 2021-04-12 | 2023-09-15 | 重庆大学 | 基于多层螺旋电极感应结构的自取能电场测量传感器 |
| AT525366B1 (de) * | 2021-08-23 | 2023-03-15 | Plasnifix Ag | Verfahren zur Stickstofffixierung |
| WO2023137486A1 (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2023-07-20 | Kansas State University Research Foundation | Stochastic heating at an electrochemical interface |
| CN114512195B (zh) * | 2022-01-27 | 2023-08-08 | 本源量子计算科技（合肥）股份有限公司 | 基于分子动力学模拟体系性质的计算方法、装置及介质 |
| CN115662675B (zh) * | 2022-12-19 | 2024-04-30 | 广东省新兴激光等离子体技术研究院 | 离子分离器、离子同轴传输束线及离子束加速器 |
| CN116451385B (zh) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-08-18 | 西南交通大学 | 一种准环对称仿星器的离子回旋共振加热天线的设计方法 |
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| JPH03274488A (ja) * | 1990-03-24 | 1991-12-05 | Seiko Epson Corp | 低温核融合炉 |
| BR9608924A (pt) * | 1995-06-06 | 2000-11-21 | Black Light Power Inc | Métodos e estruturas para hidrogênio de baixa energia |
| US6024935A (en) * | 1996-01-26 | 2000-02-15 | Blacklight Power, Inc. | Lower-energy hydrogen methods and structures |
| WO1999035698A2 (en) * | 1997-10-29 | 1999-07-15 | Blacklight Power, Inc. | Hydrogen catalysis power cell for energy conversion systems |
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2002
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- 2002-03-07 AU AU2002311772A patent/AU2002311772B2/en not_active Ceased
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- 2002-03-07 EP EP02739097A patent/EP1430754A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-03-07 AP APAP/P/2003/002848A patent/AP2123A/en active
- 2002-03-07 PL PL02363963A patent/PL363963A1/xx unknown
- 2002-03-07 JP JP2002585327A patent/JP2005504956A/ja active Pending
- 2002-03-07 WO PCT/US2002/006945 patent/WO2002087291A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-03-07 CN CN02806214A patent/CN100575246C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-07 TR TR2003/01483T patent/TR200301483T2/xx unknown
- 2002-03-07 CA CA002440287A patent/CA2440287A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-03-07 MX MXPA03007957A patent/MXPA03007957A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-03-07 EA EA200300980A patent/EA005828B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
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2008
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