JP2005500181A - Barrier to prevent wood pests from approaching wood structures - Google Patents

Abstract

A multi-layered wood pest barrier with a lifespan comparable to that of the protected building or structure. By combining at least one pesticide in the continuous or non-continuous polymer matrix layer, the same life protection is achieved by substantially reducing the release of the pesticide from the matrix. The release rate of the agrochemical from the matrix can be controlled by using a carrier such as carbon black. Also, the release of the pesticide from the barrier can be further controlled by adding an additional layer that can substantially not release the pesticide from the barrier.

Description

【０１３５】
例２
８０％純粋ピレトリンを用いて、例１と同様なポリマーシステムについて調べた。４０℃での放出率を表２に示す。

【０１３６】
放出率はウレタンとシリコンで最も高く、エポキシで最も低かった。放出率は様々であり、適切な結合剤を評価する必要がある。
【０１３７】
表２に示すデータから、簡単な計算を用いて殺虫剤システムの可能な寿命を判断することができる。例１で述べたように、排除領域の寿命を変えることができる多数の変数がある。
【０１３８】
例３
徐放性デバイスを作り、放出率をテストした。全ての熱可塑性ポリマーは、１０％の殺虫剤と、液体農薬を吸収するための３または７％のカーボンブラックと、８３〜８７重量％であって１／８インチ厚のシートに射出成型したポリマーで処方される。具体的には、熱可塑性ポリマーとデルタメトリンとラムダシハロトリンから作られたデバイスは、３％のカーボンブラックを含む。残りの農薬及び熱可塑性ポリマーから作られたデバイスは、７％のカーボンブラックを含む。
【０１３９】
Ｓ−１１３ウレタン（熱硬化性ポリマー）から作られたデバイスは、重さにして、６０％のＳ−１１３と、４０％のひまし油と、５％のＴＩＰＡ触媒を含むポリマー混合物から作られた。このポリマー混合物は、デバイス総重量の９０％を占める。農薬とデルタメトリンがデバイスの残り１０％を占める。このデバイスではカーボンブラックは使わなかった。ポリマー／農薬混合物を１／８インチ厚のシートに鋳造し、鋳造したシートが硬化するように約６０℃で４０〜６０分間加熱した。
【０１４０】
この射出成型または鋳造された薄いシートから１インチ角を切り取り、その放出率をテストした。以下に示す放出率が得られた。

【０１４１】
例４
ラムダシハロトリン（ピレトロイド）の濃度と殺虫剤／ポリマーの組み合わせによる、ポリマーからの殺虫剤の放出率に与える影響を調べるために、実験を行った。データの概略を表４に示す。

【０１４２】
例５
シロアリに対する排除ゾーンの有効性を判断するために実験を行った。最も一般的であるイースタン・サブテラニアン・ターマイト（Ｅａｓｔｅｒｎ ｓｕｂｔｅｒｒａｎｅａｎ ｔｅｒｍｉｔｅｓ）と、最も活動的なフォーモザン・サブテラニアン・ターマイト（Ｆｏｒｍｏｓａｎ ｓｕｂｔｅｒｒａｎｅａｎ ｔｅｒｍｉｔｅｓ）の２種類のシロアリを選択してテストに用いた。
【０１４３】
テスト容器は、ガラス容器を組み立てて作った。容器の底にかんなくずを敷いた。かんなくずの上に殺虫剤を染み込ませたポリマーを、該ポリマーの上側からかんなくずへの通り道または隙間が無いように置いた。栄養の無いオーガーを殺虫剤を染み込ませたポリマーの上に置いた。オーガーの表面を０データとし、殺虫剤を染み込ませたポリマーをオーガーの表面の下５ｃｍに設置した。シロアリをオーガーの表面に置き、殺虫剤を染み込ませたポリマーへのオーガーを抜ける進行度を毎日記録した。
【０１４４】
殺虫剤を染み込ませたポリマーの組み合わせを表５に示す。

【０１４５】
ポリマーバリアにピレトロイドを入れない制御も用いた。結果は図２５及び図２６に示す。全ての制御において、シロアリはポリマーを食い破り、かんなくずへ到達した。エチルビニル酢酸を通過しての到達速度はポリエチレンよりも遅かった。全ての殺虫剤を染み込ませたポリマーでは、貫通することは無かった。フォーモザン・サブテラニアン・ターマイトは非常に活動的であるため、比較的大人しいイースタン・サブテラニアン・ターマイトよりも殺虫剤を染み込ませたポリマーに近づいた。実際、ペルメトリンを含むポリエチレンは、フォーモザン・ターマイトの顎の後がついたが、穴が開いたり貫通することは無かった。１２〜１４日後には、フォーモザン・ターマイトですら殺虫剤の放出により活動が抑えられ、殺虫剤を染み込ませたポリマーから退いた。
【０１４６】
例６
結合担体の放出率に対する効果を示すための実験を行った。活性化学物質はテフルトリンとラムダシハロトリンで５重量％、結合担体はカーボンブラックで０重量％と１０重量％で、バランス高密度ポリエチレン（ＭＡ７７８−０００）を含む。放出率は製造後６週間測定し、サンプルは表面に堆積された放出された活性化学物質を取り除くため、毎週拭いた。
【０１４７】
結果を下記の表６に示す。

【０１４８】
例７
この例は、後で本発明のバリアの活性層（すなわち、農薬放出層）を作る時にに用いられるプレミックスを作るための一方法を示す。
【０１４９】
低密度ポリエチレン（ダウ・ケミカル・カンパニーのＰＥ ＸＵ５９４００またはＰＥ ＸＵ５９４００．００）を低温で挽き、約３５メッシュの粒子サイズの粒にする。そして、ポリエチレン粒子をランプブラックカーボン（ジェネラル・カーボン・カンパニーのランプブラックスーパーファイン＃６）と、カーボンがポリエチレン全体に拡散されて、乾いたさらさらの均一の混合物となるまでマリオンタイプのパドル内で混ぜ合わせる。そして、内部バルク温度５０℃で動作中の混合機で、シンジェンタ・インクのラムダシハロトリンを、溶かしたスプレー状で混合物に加える。ラムダシハロトリンの添加後も混合機による撹拌を続け、均一な混合物にする。プレミックスは約３．２重量％のラムダシハロトリンと、約４重量％のランプブラックカーボンと、約９２．８重量％の低密度ポリエチレンとを含む。湿気を減らすために、約６０〜７０℃の強制排気オーブンにプレミックスを置くようにしても良い。
【０１５０】
例８
約１０．０重量％のラムダシハロトリンと、約１１．３重量％のランプブラックカーボンとを有する均一なプレミックスを、例７に記載した手順で作る。
【０１５１】
例９
例８で記載した方法でプレミックスを作る。ただし、溶解したラムダシハロトリンをランプブラックカーボンに第１ステップとして加え、その後、混合物をよく混ぜて均一の混合パウダーを形成する。そして挽かれた低密度ポリエチレンを加え、むらなく分散された乾いたさらさらの混合物を得るまで、更に撹拌を続ける。
【０１５２】
例１０
約７．９重量％のガスブラックカーボン（デグサ・コーポレーション（Ｄｅｇｕｓｓａ Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｉｏｎ）のカラーブラック（Ｃｏｌｏｕｒ Ｂｌａｃｋ）ＦＷ２００）と約９．５重量％のラムダシハロトリンを用い、例７で記述した手順を用いてプレミックスを作る。ただし、材料を撹拌するために、高速攪拌器を利用したエイリック（Ｅｉｒｉｃｈ）タイプのミキサーを用いる。
【０１５３】
例１１
例７、例８、例１０のようにしてプレミックスを作るが、乾かさない。プレミックスをひも状に溶解射出して、そのひもをペレットに切り分ける。
【０１５４】
例１２
例７に記述した手順で、約７重量％のラムダシハロトリンと、約５重量％の伝導性グレードのカーボンブラック（キャボット・コーポレーションのバルカン（登録商標）ＸＣ７２Ｒ）と、低密度ポリエチレン（ノバ・ケミカルズ・カナダ・リミッテッドのノバポール（登録商標）ＬＣ−０５２２−Ａ）のバランスを有するプレミックスを作る。
【０１５５】
例１３
例１２で準備したプレミックスを射出鋳造して薄い円盤を形成する。鋳造した円盤は、回転ナイフレグラインダーを用いて粉々に切る。
【０１５６】
例１４
例７に記述した手順で、約６重量％のラムダシハロトリンと約９４重量％の低密度ポリエチレンを有するプレミックスを作る。得られるプレミックスはべとべとしている。
【０１５７】
例１５
約２重量％のラムダシハロトリン（ゼネカ・インク（Ｚｅｎｅｃａ， Ｉｎｃ．）のもの）と、約１重量％の伝導性グレードのカーボンブラック（キャボット・コーポレーションのバルカン（登録商標）ＸＣ７２Ｒ）と、高密度ポリエチレン（クオンタム・ケミカル・カンパニー（Ｑｕａｎｔｕｍ Ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ Ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ）のマイクロセン（Ｍｉｃｒｏｔｈｅｎｅ）（登録商標）ＭＡ７７８００）のバランスの均一な成分を有するシートを作る。
【０１５８】
第１ステップとして、カーボンブラックを役１０５℃の強制排気オーブンで１２時間、または一定重量となるまで乾燥する。乾燥したカーボンブラックを、ホバルト（Ｈｏｂａｒｔ）インダストリアルドウミキサーでほぼ同じ重さの高密度ポリエチレンの粉と混ぜ、完全に撹拌した。そして、撹拌を続けながら、カーボンブラックの重さの約２倍の溶解したラムダシハロトリンを混合物の中にゆっくりと入れる。混合物は、更に十分な量の高密度ポリエチレンと混ぜ合わされ、混合物におけるラムダシハロトリンの濃度を約２重量％に落とす。
【０１５９】
得られる混合物を約２９０℃で溶解射出し、約０．０３インチ（３０ミル）厚の１層のフィルムに鋳造する。
【０１６０】
例１６
例１５に記述した手順で、約２重量％のラムダシハロトリンと、約１重量％の伝導性グレードのカーボンブラック（例えば、キャボット・コーポレーションのバルカン（登録商標）ＳＣ７２Ｒ）と、高密度ポリエチレン（クオンタム・ケミカル・カンパニーのマイクロセン（登録商標）ＭＡ７７８００）のバランスとを含むシートを作る。
【０１６１】
例１７
例１５に記述した手順で、約５重量％のテフルトリンと、約２．５重量％のカーボンブラックと、高密度ポリエチレン（クオンタム・ケミカル・カンパニーのマイクロセン（登録商標）ＭＡ７７８００）のバランスとを含むシートを作る。
【０１６２】
例１８
例１５に記述した手順で、約５重量％のテフルトリンと、約２．５重量％のカーボンブラックと、エチレンビニル共重合体（クオンタム・ケミカル・カンパニーのＥＶＡ７６３）のバランスとを含むシートを作る。
【０１６３】
例１９
例１５に記述した手順で、約１０重量％のテフルトリンと、約５重量％のカーボンブラックと、高密度ポリエチレン（クオンタム・ケミカル・カンパニーのマイクロセン（登録商標）ＭＡ７７８００）のバランスとを含むシートを作る。
【０１６４】
例２０
例１５に記述した手順で、約１０重量％のテフルトリンと、約５重量％のカーボンブラックと、エチレンビニル共重合体（クオンタム・ケミカル・カンパニーのＥＶＡ７６３）のバランスとを含むシートを作る。
【０１６５】
例２１
例１５に記述した手順で、約１０重量％のペルメトリンと、約５重量％のカーボンブラックと、エチレンビニル共重合体（クオンタム・ケミカル・カンパニーのＥＶＡ７６３）のバランスとを含むシートを作る。
【０１６６】
例２２
例１５に記述した手順で、約１０重量％のペルメトリンと、約５重量％のカーボンブラックと、高密度ポリエチレン（クオンタム・ケミカル・カンパニーのマイクロセン（登録商標）ＭＡ７７８００）のバランスとを含むシートを作る。
【０１６７】
例２３
例１５に記述した手順で、約１重量％のラムダシハロトリンと、約０．７３重量％のカーボンブラック（デグサ・コーポレーションのスペシャルブラック（Ｓｐｅｃｉａｌ Ｂｌａｃｋ）６）と、低密度ポリエチレン（ノバ・ケミカルズ・カナダ・リミッテッドのノバポール（登録商標）ＬＣ−０５２２−Ａ）のバランスとを含むシートを作るが、溶解射出処理を約１３０℃で行い、鋳造したシートの厚さを約０．００２インチ（２ミル）にする。
【０１６８】
例２４
例２３に記述した手順でシートを作るが、ラムダシハロトリン濃度を約５重量％とし、カーボンブラック濃度を約３．６重量％にする。
【０１６９】
例２５
例２３に記述した手順でシートを作るが、ラムダシハロトリン濃度を約１０重量％とし、カーボンブラック濃度を約７．３重量％にする。
【０１７０】
例２６
例２３、例２４、例２５に基づいてシートを作る。これらのシートは熱プレスによりサラネックス（登録商標）１４フィルム（ダウ・ケミカル・カンパニー製）で両側を密閉する。
【０１７１】
例２７
例１５に記述した手順で、約７．９重量％のガスブラックカーボン（デグサ・コーポレーションのカラーブラックＦＷ２００）と、約９．５重量％のラムダシハロトリンと、低密度ポリエチレン（ダウ・ケミカル・カンパニーのＰＥ ＸＵ５９４００またはＰＥ ＸＵ５９４００．００）のバランスを有するシートを作るが、溶解射出処理を約１５０℃で行い、鋳造したシートの厚さを約０．００２インチ（２ミル）にする。
【０１７２】
例２８
２層のサラネックス（登録商標）１４を溶解射出／成層処理によって結合し、シートを作る。結合層は、例２６で説明したような成分の混合物から成る。第１ステップとして、結合層の成分をパウダー状のプレミックスとして作る。そして、そのプレミックスを約１５０℃で２層のサラネックス（登録商標）１４の間に直接溶解射出する。
【０１７３】
例２９
この例では、８層シートを作る方法について説明する。シートの各層の成分を以下に示す。
層の説明
１ ブラック樹脂（カラーテック・インクのカラーテック（Ｃｏｌｏｒｔｅｃｈ）Ｎｏ． ２０４１３−１９）と、射出コーティンググレードのポリオレフィン・プラストマー（ダウ・ケミカル・カンパニー製のアフィニティー（登録商標）ＰＴ１４５０）と、低密度ポリエチレン（ノバ・ケミカルズ・カナダ・リミッテッドのノバポール（登録商標）ＬＣ−０５２２−Ａ）から成り、厚さ約０．００１インチ（１ミル）の新世代樹脂（ＮＧＲ）（ファブリーン・インク（Ｆａｂｒｅｎｅ， Ｉｎｃ．）のもの）層；
２ 塩化ビニリデン樹脂／塩化ビニル共重合体と、低密度ポリエチレンと、エチレン／酢酸ビニル共重合体と、二酸化ケイ素とから成る、約０．００２インチ（２ミル）厚のサラネックス（登録商標）１４（ダウ・ケミカル・カンパニー製）層；
３ 上述したようなＮＧＲ層；
４ 高密度ポリエチレン（ノバ・ケミカルズ・コーポレーションのスクレア（登録商標）ＨＤＰＥ Ｎｏ． ９９Ｇ）と、カーボンブラック樹脂（カバット・コーポレーションのプラスブラック（Ｐｌａｓｂｌａｃｋ）（登録商標）ＰＥ１３７１）とから成り、０．００４インチ（４ミル）の厚さを有するスクリム（ファブリーン・インク）のスクリム層；
５ ブラック樹脂（カラーテック・インクのカラーテックＮｏ． ２０４１３−１９）を含み、約０．００１インチ（１ミル）厚の低密度ポリエチレン（ノバ・ケミカルズ・カナダ・リミッテッドのノバポール（登録商標）ＬＣ−０５２２−Ａ）；
６ ガスブラックカーボン（デグサ・コーポレーションのカラーブラックＦＷ２００）と、ラムダシハロトリンと、低密度ポリエチレン（ダウ・ケミカル・カンパニーのＰＥ ＸＵ５９４００またはＰＥ ＸＵ５９４００．００）とから成り、約０．００２インチ（２ミル）厚の活性成分層；
７ 上述したようなサラネックス（登録商標）１４層
８ 上述したようなＮＧＲ層
【０１７４】
８層のシートは、射出コーティング法を用いてＮＧＲ層（層１）をサラネックス（登録商標）１４（層２）のシートに結合することによって層１−２合成物を形成する。次のＮＧＲ層（層３）を溶解射出して層１−２合成物をスクリム（層４）のシートに結合することによって層１−２−３合成物を形成する。射出コーティング法により低密度ポリエチレン（層５）を層１−２−３合成物に付け加えることで、第１外部層を形成する。
【０１７５】
層７−８合成物は、ＮＧＲ層（層８）をサラネックス（登録商標）１４層（層７）のシートに射出コーティングにより加えて作る。
【０１７６】
例１０の手順を用いて、約７．９重量％のガスブラックカーボンと、９．５重量％のラムダシハロトリンと、低密度ポリエチレンのバランスとを含むプレミックスを作る。例１１の手順により、このプレミックスを活性成分ペレットの形状にする。この活性成分ペレットと、低密度ポリエチレンペレット（ダウ・ケミカル・カンパニーのＰＥ ＸＵ５９４００またはＰＥ ＸＵ５９４００．００）とを約２：１の割合で混ぜ、ペレット混合物の中で、ラムダシハロトリンが約６重量％となるようにする。
【０１７７】
ペレット混合物を射出器に入れ、第１外側層（つまり、層１１２，１１６，１２０，１２２，１２６）と第２外側層（つまり、層１１８及び１１４とを溶解射出結合する。全体で約０．０１４インチ（１４ミル）厚の多層積層シートが形成される。形成された積層シートにおけるラムダシハロトリンの濃度は約０．９重量％である。
【０１７８】
例３０
例２９の手順でシートを作るが、活性層を約４重量％のガスブラックカーボン（デグサ・コーポレーションのカラーブラックＦＷ２００）と、約４．７重量％のラムダシハロトリンと、低密度ポリエチレン（ダウ・ケミカル・カンパニーのＰＥ ＸＵ５９４００またはＰＥ ＸＵ５９４００またはＰＥ ＸＵ５９４００．００）のバランスとで構成する。形成された積層シートにおけるラムダシハロトリンの濃度は約０．５重量％である。
【０１７９】
例３１−３７
ランプブラックカーボン（ジェネラル・カーボン・カンパニーのランプブラックスーパーファイン＃６）と、ラムダシハロトリンと、低密度ポリエチレン（ダウ・ケミカル・カンパニーのＰＥ ＸＵ５９４００またはＰＥ ＸＵ５９４００．００）のプレミックスからシートを作る。例２９の手順をほぼ用いてシートを積層シートにするが、形成された積層シートにおけるラムダシハロトリンの最終濃度を以下の表７に示すようにする。

【０１８０】
例３８
以下のようにして、以下の構成を有する６層シートを形成する。
層の説明
１ ブラック樹脂（カラーテック・インクのカラーテックＮｏ． ２０４１３−１９）と、射出コーティンググレードのポリオレフィン・プラストマー（ダウ・ケミカル・カンパニー製のアフィニティー（登録商標）ＰＴ１４５０）と、低密度ポリエチレン（ノバ・ケミカルズ・カナダ・リミッテッドのノバポール（登録商標）ＬＣ−０５２２−Ａ）から成る新世代樹脂（ＮＧＲ）（ファブリーン・インクのもの）層；
２ 塩化ビニリデン樹脂／塩化ビニル共重合体と、低密度ポリエチレンと、エチレン／酢酸ビニル共重合体と、二酸化ケイ素とから成るサラネックス（登録商標）１４（ダウ・ケミカル・カンパニー製）層；
３ 高密度ポリエチレン（ノバ・ケミカルズ・コーポレーションのスクレア（登録商標）ＨＤＰＥ Ｎｏ． ９９Ｇ）からなるスクリム層；
４ ８５重量％のテクニカルソリューション中の０．９１重量％のラムダシハロトリンと、０，９５重量％のＬａｍｐ ｂｌａｃｋ ＃６と、２２重量５のＬＤＰＥ樹脂とから成る活性成分層；
５ 上述したようなサラネックス（登録商標）１４層；
６ 上述したようなＮＧＲ層；
【０１８１】
６層シートは、合衆国森林サービス（Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ Ｓｔａｔｅｓ Ｆｏｒｅｓｔ Ｓｅｒｖｉｃｅ： ＵＳＦＳ）のコンクリートスラブ法に用いた。コンクリートスラブ法は、流し込みコンクリート基礎を真似たものである。テストプロットを作るために、葉やゴミを取り除いて、２４インチ四方の土壌が露出するようにした。１インチ角のトウヒ材のストリップで作った２１インチ四方の木材枠を露出した土壌領域の中央に置き、２インチ深さ、２方向の三角形の溝を処理した土壌の上に掘った。湿気を失わないように、また、雨や日光が殺シロアリ剤に与える影響を予め排除するために、ＰＶＣパイプにはキャップを被せた。
【０１８２】
以下の地点におけるコンクリートスラブのフィールド試験の結果を以下の表８に示す。

表８に示すように、６層シートで処理したプロットはいずれもシロアリによる侵入が無かった。
【０１８３】
本発明を、１以上の具体的な実施形態によって説明してきたが、当業者であれば、本発明の精神及び範囲から離脱することなく、様々な変更が可能であることは分かるであろう。本発明の精神の範囲にある各実施形態及び変形例は、以下の請求項により定義される発明の範囲に含まれるものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】
図１は、本発明の第１の実施形態を示し、スパンボンド高分子シーティングと、物理的に溶解結合されたポリマーと殺虫剤の混合物とを含み、ポリマーと殺虫剤の混合物は高分子シーティングに点在するように結合されている。
【図２】
図２は、本発明の第２の実施形態を示し、スパンボンド高分子シーティングと、物理的に溶解結合されたポリマーと殺虫剤の混合物とを含み、ポリマーと殺虫剤の混合物は高分子シーティングにストライプ状に結合されている。
【図３】
図３は、図１及び図２で示される本発明の実施形態を用いる第１の手法と、殺虫剤の放出により形成される排除ゾーンを示す。
【図４】
図４は、排除ゾーンを形成するために本発明の第１及び第２の実施形態を用いた第２の手法を示す。
【図５】
図５は、排除ゾーンを形成するために図１及び図２に示される本発明の実施形態を用いる第３の手法を示す。
【図６】
図６は本発明の第３の実施形態を示し、円筒形の押出成型物の形状を示す。
【図７】
図７は本発明の第４の実施形態を示し、ストライプ状の押出成型物の形状を示す。
【図８】
図８は図６に示す本発明の実施形態を用いて排除ゾーンを形成する手法を示す。
【図９】
図９は排除ゾーンを形成するために、図７に示す本発明の実施形態を用いる手法を示す。
【図１０】
図１０は本発明の別の実施形態としてペレット状の形状を示し、ペレットは木造構造物近辺の土中に挿入される。
【図１１】
図１１は表面につけられたペレットの断面図である。
【図１２】
図１２はフォームを用いてペレットをコンクリート構造物につける場合を示す。
【図１３】
図１３はフォームがつけられた後のコンクリート基礎の断面図を示す。
【図１４】
図１４は板の上に設置されたペレットを示す。
【図１５】
図１５はコンクリート基礎につけられたペレットを含む板を示す。
【図１６】
図１６はホットメルト注入を示す。
【図１７】
図１７はホットメルト注入の間隔を示す。
【図１８】
図１８はプラグ薫蒸消毒セメントブロックを示す。
【図１９】
図１９は薫蒸消毒セメントブロックにプラグを入れるところを示す。
【図２０】
図２０は本発明の積層デバイスを示す。
【図２１】
図２１は本発明の別の実施形態により作られた多層バリアの層を示す側面断面図である。
【図２２】
図２２は本発明の別の実施形態における多層高分子フィルムで作られた予め成型されたバリアの斜視図である。
【図２３】
図２３は本発明の別の実施形態における多層高分子フィルムで作られた予め成型されたバリアの斜視図である。
【図２４】
図２４は本発明の別の実施形態により作られた多層バリアの層を示す側面断面図である。
【図２５】
図２５はイースタン・サブテラニアン・ターマイトに対する忌避性を示す図である。
【図２６】
図２６はフォーモザン・サブテラニアン・ターマイトに対する忌避性を示す図である。[0001]
References for related inventions
This application claims the effective filing date of US Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 251,112 filed December 3, 2000 and US Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 251,141 filed December 4, 2000. To do.
[0002]
This application also claims the effective filing dates of US Patent Application No. 09 / 353,494 filed July 13, 1999 and US Patent Application No. 09 / 030,690 filed November 16, 1999. To do.
[0003]
The disclosure contents of the provisional application and the normal application are shown here as references, and the entire contents thereof are cited.
[0004]
Field of Invention
The present invention provides for the protection of long-term protection of buildings and / or buildings such as houses, buildings, wooden structures, etc. and / or the construction of wood pests (eg termites and boring insects) in these regions and / or construction. The present invention relates to a barrier for preventing access to objects, and more particularly, the present invention relates to long-term protection of pests from protection areas and / or structures, particularly areas containing wooden structures, and structures containing wood. The present invention relates to protective barriers and methods and the present invention relates to methods of manufacturing protective barriers and methods for bonding them around areas and / or buildings.
[0005]
Background of the Invention
For example, wood that is in contact with concrete in a wooden building, or wood that is in contact with the ground, such as fence posts, utility poles, track sleepers, and wooden supports, is termite, ants, and other perforated insects. The structure of wood pests, including but not limited to, may deteriorate in structure. There are pesticides to protect wood from such pest activity.
[0006]
Commercial methods currently used to control pests such as wood piercing insects include insecticide sprays, such as spraying insecticides and sealing the entire structure to release insecticides therein. In order to repel and / or eradicate termites and other insects, place insecticides at intervals on the soil under the foundation of the building, and leave the soil under the foundation before and after construction for a long time. Including a method of treating with an insecticide. These current commercial methods have various drawbacks.
[0007]
For example, a common method is to pre-treat the soil under the foundation of a newly built building with an insecticide to prevent the spread of termites. It is common to spray pesticides on and in the soil before construction. Due to poor communication between pesticide sprayers and construction workers, the continuity of the treated soil is often lost during construction. In addition, current soil pesticides tend to lose biological activity to the point where the effect of preventing termite entry into the treated soil is lost over time.
[0008]
The use of insecticides for spraying and fumigation may cause damage to the environment, humans and animals living in the house. Furthermore, massive release of pesticides by spraying and from the device is a rapid release, providing protection against pest invasion for a relatively short time. Due to the rapid release, in order to sustain the effect, the insecticide must be sprayed regularly and repetitively every few days to several months or every year.
[0009]
When pesticides are placed in the soil, large amounts of pesticides are usually released around it. This release is not only harmful to the insecticide sprayer, but also to the people who live or visit the place where the insecticide is used, and at the same time is harmful to the environment.
[0010]
Also, it is not desirable to use a sufficient amount of insecticide to obtain an effect for too long. The use of a large amount of insecticide has environmental and health problems, and further causes an unpleasant smell of the insecticide, soil filtration, and volatilization. Even if a large amount of insecticide is used, the insecticide is scattered in a relatively short period of time, and it becomes necessary to use the insecticide again. Another disadvantage of using large amounts of pesticides is that, even if the concentration is initially well above the minimum level to be effective, it quickly drops and the barrier is effective in a short time compared to the lifetime of the building. It will be lower than the minimum level required to maintain sex. Thus, termite populations in the soil may invade the structure at that time unless additional chemicals are used below and around the structure.
[0011]
A common method of using additional chemicals is to infiltrate the chemicals by pouring into the soil beneath the concrete foundation or soaking the soil surrounding the building. This type of post-architectural treatment is labor intensive and cannot fully achieve continued protection.
[0012]
Accordingly, there is a need for providing and continuing long-term protection of structures such as areas and wooden structures using methods and devices that do not suffer from the disadvantages described above.
[0013]
Summary of the Invention
The present invention is to provide a multilayer wood pest barrier having a life span as long as that of the building or structure to be protected. By combining at least one pesticide with the continuous or non-continuous polymer matrix layer to reduce substantial pesticide release from the matrix, protection for the lifetime can be achieved. The release rate of pesticides from the matrix can be controlled by using a carrier such as carbon black or gas black. The rate of release of pesticides from the barrier can be further controlled by adding a layer that can make the barrier nearly non-releasing.
[0014]
Further, the barrier may include, for example, a layer of scrim, mesh, sheet, and combinations thereof. The additional layer may also contain one or more pesticides that are the same as or different from the pesticides included in the polymer matrix layer of the multilayer barrier. The barrier and / or additional layer is made from a polymer selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic polymers, thermosetting polymers, elastic polymers, or copolymers thereof. By placing the pesticide inside the polymer, the pesticide will remain effective for a long time as a poison or repellent against the pests that damage the wooden structure, and enough to keep the insects from breaking through the barrier Retained or released at a rate such that a high concentration of pesticide remains.
[0015]
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a polymer carrier system in which an agrochemical is bound to a carrier as a brittle binding mixture. The polymer matrix formed from this mixture is cast into a thin polymer sheet or membrane. A sheet with a brittle bond mixture is then placed near the wooden structure to provide a barrier against the infestation of wood pests. The additional layer provides a means for slowly and relatively releasing a volatile insecticide to form a barrier region in the soil beyond the barrier around the wooden structure. Polymers include thermoplastic polymers, thermosetting polymers, elastic polymers, or copolymers thereof, and pesticides include a family of insecticides known as pyrethrins.
[0016]
According to another aspect of the invention, the exclusion zone is formed by placing the injection molding on the side of the wooden structure protecting it. The injection molded product has a polymer delivery system that includes a carrier capable of sustained release of agrochemicals. This system can maintain a constant and effective pesticide concentration in the exclusion zone for a very long time.
[0017]
According to another aspect of the present invention, a pellet comprising a polymer and a pesticide is provided to stabilize and sustain the concentration of pesticides against ants, termites and other wood perforations in the exclusion zone of a wooden structure. To do. Pellets are placed in the vicinity of the wooden structure to treat the soil to protect the wood structure from termites, ants and other worms. The pellets can be placed near the structure by various means. In addition, pellets can be embedded in boards or placed in foam. In a preferred embodiment, the polymer comprises a thermoplastic polymer, a thermosetting polymer, an elastic polymer, or a copolymer thereof, and the insecticide is pyrethrin.
[0018]
According to another aspect of the invention, the exclusion zone is formed by injecting a hot melt polymer mixture. The sustained release device comprises one or more pyrethrins, and the polymer is selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic polymers, elastic polymers, or copolymers thereof.
[0019]
According to another aspect of the present invention, a temperature variation sustained release device is used to provide an exclusion zone.
[0020]
According to another aspect of the invention, a sustained release device is used to fumigate the structure. In order to avoid contact between the wooden structure and insects that can damage such structure, it is preferable to place a barrier or form a zone. The exclusion zone is necessary to protect the wooden structure for a longer time.
[0021]
Furthermore, in accordance with another aspect of the present invention, in order to provide a reliable exclusion zone, a high density polymer having a low volatility insecticide with a low release rate of insecticide can be made from a higher volatility polymer. Mix with low density (soft) polymer containing pesticide.
[0022]
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a multilayer barrier can be used for barrier installers, those who visit or live in protected areas or structures, and for the ugly worms and termites that avoid adverse environmental impacts. Such pests are prevented from entering the protected area or structure for a longer period of time. The barrier includes an inner active layer (ie, a pesticide release layer) that contains and releases the pesticide. The barrier also includes two pesticide retention layers that allow only a trace amount of pesticide to be released out of the barrier. This inner active layer is sandwiched between two pesticide holding layers so that almost no pesticide is released from the barrier. One or more additional layers can also be placed between the pesticide retention layer and the pesticide release layer.
[0023]
According to one aspect of the present invention, the barrier includes a plurality of polymer layers bonded together to form a flexible thin film. The membrane can be placed so that termites surround areas (eg, the foundation of a house) that need to be protected from other insects such as pests. According to another aspect of the present invention, the barrier film is pre-molded away from the site to fit the location prior to installing the barrier film at the intended location, such as a foundation hole in a house. .
[0024]
Furthermore, according to one aspect of the invention, the multilayer barrier is in the form of a thin sheet or thin film comprising at least one layer that imparts strength to the sheet or film and prevents perforation. According to another aspect of the invention, the multilayer barrier includes an outer protective layer that protects the barrier from ultraviolet (UV) light during and after installation when the barrier is exposed to sunlight.
[0025]
Furthermore, according to one aspect of the present invention, the pesticide is released from the active layer in a controlled manner that helps achieve a substantially non-release barrier. In other words, by controlling the release from the active layer, only a trace amount of pesticide can be released from the barrier.
[0026]
The present invention also provides an effective method of making a multilayer barrier using conventional commercially available equipment. According to one aspect of the invention, lamp black or gas black is used in the premix for making the active layer. Lamp black achieves the desired fluidity of the premix, but unlike many other types of carbon black, lamp black does not have a detrimental effect on pesticide activity. Lamp black has been found not to deactivate or decompose pesticides.
[0027]
According to another aspect of the invention, all or at least a portion of the carbon black is mixed with the polymer molecules prior to adding the pesticide to make a premix. By doing in this way, the influence of carbon black which becomes disadvantageous with respect to the activity of an agrochemical can be suppressed to the minimum.
[0028]
Furthermore, according to one aspect of the present invention, one or more tie layers are used to secure the barrier layers together. One advantage of using a tie layer is that the active layer can be made of a polymer that does not need to be able to bind to the pesticide retention layer or additional layer. As a result, an active layer polymer having a low melting point can be used. Lowering the treatment temperature can reduce the loss of pesticides when creating the active layer.
[0029]
Thus, according to the above, an object of the present invention is to provide an insecticide barrier or zone for protecting wooden structures.
[0030]
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a barrier and exclusion zone having a long-term low volatility barrier and a high volatility short-term barrier to protect the surrounding soil.
[0031]
It is a further object of the present invention to maintain the barrier for a relatively long period of time or about 10-20 years.
[0032]
It is a further object of the present invention to maintain the exclusion zone for a relatively long period, such as about 10 to 20 years.
[0033]
The invention, including its objects and advantages, will be best understood by referring to the detailed description that follows with reference to the accompanying drawings. Other aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon studying this specification and the appended claims.
[0034]
Detailed Description of the Invention
It is known that insects that can damage wooden structures can be greatly reduced or exterminated when the pesticide barrier or barrier and exclusion zone is maintained for a very long period in the soil surrounding the wooden structure. ing. An exclusion zone is a zone with a sufficient amount of chemical agent that prevents fauna activity. In the present invention, the chemical agent is an insecticide, and the fauna is an insect, particularly a perforated insect such as a termite or an ant. In accordance with the present invention, the insecticide is retained within the barrier and / or released from the sustained release device comprising the polymer matrix system and lasts at least 6 years, often 10 years and at most 30 years.
[0035]
It has also been found that long-term protection from pests can be achieved by sandwiching the pesticide release layer between two substantially non-release layers. This substantially non-release layer regulates the release of the pesticide so that only a small amount of the pesticide is released from there. This small amount of pesticide is sufficient to repel at least most pests and the barrier prevents the pests from exceeding. Because pesticides are consumed very slowly, the barriers of the present invention can be used to prevent pests from entering the protected areas and / or structures for up to 10 years, up to 30 years. By using a layer surrounding the pesticide release layer to substantially prevent the release of the pesticide, the inner pesticide discharge layer can release the pesticide at a rate higher than the barrier rate. For this reason, an active layer (ie, an agrochemical release layer) can be made using materials and processing conditions that cannot be used to make a substantially non-release layer. Release from the pesticide release layer can be controlled by placing the pesticide in a polymer matrix and further using a carrier such as carbon black (including lamp black and gas black).
[0036]
It should be noted that “sustained release device” refers to a device that controls and maintains the release of bioactive chemicals to and from the surface and into surrounding media such as soil. Further, here, “biological activity” is used in the sense of stimulating an organism, and is usually used in a negative meaning including the purpose of deterrence and the meaning up to that. Also, as used herein, “pesticidal” means and includes any bioactive agent that regulates, repels, reduces, and / or prevents pests from entering the barrier. The term “pest” refers to undesirable plants, animals, or microorganisms such as arthropods, spiders, triatomes, insects (eg, ants, termites, other wood perforations), and fungi. Is included. Specific examples of pesticides include insecticides, herbicides, biocides (bactericides, fungicides), substances that kill organisms including viricides, nematocides, and other biological controls. Agents or controlled substances are included. Thus, the barrier of the present invention is intended for use against all pests that die due to their lethal and / or repelling properties. “Effective amount of pesticide”, “effective amount of pesticide”, or “effective amount of fungicide” means the amount of active substance used that is sufficient to obtain the desired level of pesticide, insecticide, fungicide. Say that.
[0037]
According to another aspect of the present invention, the device of the present invention provides a method for controlling the release of bioactive chemicals to the surrounding environment. Sustained release devices initially release the pesticide at a high rate and later release at a low, constant rate. Furthermore, the initial pesticides are different from those that are released over time. This release characteristic protects the protected area and / or structures such as wooden structures and structures containing wood in a relatively short time and replaces the reduced amount of pesticide after reaching the lowest effective level. Is released in the amount necessary for This release characteristic reduces potential environmental and health issues in processing and lowers processing costs. The device release rate depends only on the device structure and device configuration, and does not depend on external factors such as water.
[0038]
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a sustained release device can be used to produce insecticides in soil at a desired rate to produce a zone having a “minimum effective level” of insecticide necessary to prevent insect invasion. Release agent. As used herein, “minimum effect level” refers to the level of insecticide required in the zone to prevent insects from entering the zone, the specific level depending on the insect and the insecticide. When placed near a structural part below the foundation or plane, an exclusion zone is created in the soil near the sustained release device. When placed between a non-wooden structure part and a wooden structure part attached thereto, an exclusion zone is created on the attachment surface between the non-wooden structure part and the wooden structure part attached thereto.
[0039]
When used commercially, commonly used pesticides have been approved by national regulatory agencies such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as pesticides to control or repel termites, ants, and other perforations. Must be a thing. Presently preferred for use in the present invention are pyrethrins including tefluthrin, lambda cihalothrin, cyfluthrin, and deltamethrin. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other effective insecticides such as isofenphos, fenvalerate, cypermethrin, permethrin, natural pyrethrin, etc. can be used. These are available from a number of commercial sources such as Dow Chemical Company, Mobay, Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc., Velsicol, FMC and others. can do. Combinations of insecticides or combinations of one or more insecticides and other biologically active ingredients such as fungicides also belong to the present invention.
[0040]
Referring to the figure, as shown in FIG. 1, in the first sustained release embodiment of the present invention, an insecticide sustained release polymeric carrier device is used to create the exclusion zone. This embodiment includes a spunbond polymer sheet 20 and a polymer and pesticide physically dissolved bonded mixture (shown as spots 21 in FIGS. 1 and 3-5). The spunbond polymer sheet 20 may be either a woven fabric or a non-woven fabric, and may be a polymer sheet. Such fabrics are available from a number of manufacturers, including Reemay, Exxon Fibers, Phillips Fibers and others. The cloth is preferably a polypropylene woven or non-woven cloth.
[0041]
The polymer in the melt-bonded mixture may include any number of thermoplastic polymers, thermosetting polymers, elastic polymers, or copolymers thereof. The choice of polymer depends on the desired release rate, the affinity between the polymer and the insecticide, and the environmental conditions. Although this invention is not limited, the polymer shown below can be used as an example. That is, high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, vinyl acetate, urethane, polyester, santoprene, silicon, or neoprene. However, preferred polymers are high density and low density polyethylene. Although other pesticides different from those described herein can be used, in some embodiments, chlorpyrifos is a preferred pesticide.
[0042]
A mixture of a polymer and an insecticide may be placed in the form of spots on a spunbond polymer sheet. The spacing between these spots is such that a sufficient amount of insecticide can be maintained above the minimum effect level in the exclusion zone. The minimum effect level is the minimum amount of pesticide required in the zone to prevent insect invasion. The spots 21 in FIGS. 1 and 3-5 are preferably about 0.5 to 1.5 cm in diameter and about 0.5 to 1.5 cm in height. The size and shape of the spots depends on the user's preference and can be tailored to the job intended by the consumer. The spots 21 may be arranged in a line with an interval of about 1.5 to 4 cm from each other. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other speckled configurations may be used depending on the particular application. The polymer sheet that releases the insecticide is placed near or around the wooden structure in order to release the insecticide and create an exclusion zone.
[0043]
The second sustained release embodiment of the present invention also uses a polymeric carrier delivery system for the sustained release of the pesticide and includes a spunbond polymer sheet 20 and a physically dissolved combined mixture of polymer and insecticide. The polymer sheet 20 may be either woven or non-woven polypropylene as described in the first embodiment, on which a physical dissolution bond mixture is bonded (shown in stripes 22 in FIG. 2). Similarly, in the embodiments described in this section, the polymers and insecticides described above in the first embodiment can be used.
[0044]
The polymer and insecticide mixture according to the second embodiment may be placed on the spunbond polymer sheet using an extrusion system having a stripe shape as shown in FIG. 2, for example. For example, the stripe 22 has a height of about 1 cm and a stripe interval of about 5 to 15 cm. Most preferably, the stripe spacing is about 10 cm. After the initial mass release of insecticide, it is desirable to form stripes in an arrangement such that the insecticide maintains a constant concentration in the exclusion zone. After the polymer sheet is striped, the sheet is placed on or near a wooden structure to be protected from insects.
[0045]
A bound filler and / or carrier may be included in all embodiments of the invention. Inclusion of a bound filler and / or carrier allows a greater amount of insecticide to be released at a certain release rate or a certain amount of pesticide to be released at a lower release rate. The binding carrier binds the pesticide. Binding carriers that have been confirmed to bind pesticides include carbon-based carriers such as, for example, carbon black (including lamp black and gas black), activated carbon, and combinations thereof. It is believed that alumina, silicoaluminate, hydroxyapatite, and combinations thereof can be used to bind bioactive chemicals instead of carbon.
[0046]
When using a carbon-based carrier, first make sure that the carbon is dry, then mix the liquid insecticide with the carbon. Using only enough carbon black (filler), make a fragile, fragile mixture. “Poroporo” refers to flowable particles that are almost dry or non-sticky. Some pesticides require heat to be liquefied. The liquid pesticide sticks or bonds to a very large surface area of finely divided carbon black and the mixture is cooled to integrate within the polymer. Polymers used in the case of using carbon include polyethylene (including low-density and high-density polyethylene), polypropylene, a copolymer or a mixture of polyethylene and polypropylene, polybutylene, epoxy polymer, polyamide, acrylonitrile styrene (acrylate- styrene-acrylonitrile), aromatic or unsaturated polyesters, polyurethanes, silicones, or other suitable polymers, or copolymers thereof.
[0047]
The mixture of carbon and insecticide in the first and second embodiments (or simply an insecticide if no carbon is used) is added to the polymer, preferably polyurethane, at any stage of dissolution, powder, or liquid. Can be mixed. Next, this mixture is adhered to the polymer sheet. In the first and second embodiments of the present invention, the polymer and the insecticide are dissolved and bonded to the polymer sheet.
[0048]
One method of adhering a polymer and insecticide mixture to a polymer sheet is “extrusion casting”. In “extrusion casting”, the melted material is poured from a heated nozzle through a perforated web into a mold. The melted material flows under pressure through the web and solidifies in the mold. While the dissolved material is extruded, the porous web allows air to escape, but the porous web can hold the dissolved material under pressure until the dissolved material cools.
[0049]
Another method for adhering a polymer and insecticide mixture to a polymer sheet is to place a melted polymer and insecticide mixture on a spunbond polymer sheet. If the mixture is melted, it must be cooled, cured and allowed to solidify. Hereinafter, “dissolved mixture of polymer and insecticide” means that the polymer has been dissolved or already in liquid form. The insecticide may be dissolved or contained in the slurry solution depending on the melting point. “Polymer and pesticide dissolution mixture” may include carbon or other additives that do not dissolve but flow with the dissolved polymer-insecticide material.
[0050]
The first and second embodiments of the present invention are sufficient to maintain an effective concentration of insecticide to control or repel insects in the exclusion zone and provide an effective concentration over a long period of time. Provides a sufficiently slow release rate to maintain.
[0051]
That is, a preferred composition in the first and second embodiments of the present invention comprises a carrier polymer in a proportion of about 70-95 by mass, carbon in a proportion of about 0-15% by weight, and about 5-30% by weight. A proportion of insecticide. The design requirements for sustained release devices vary depending on factors such as user preferences and geographical conditions. After the initial mass release of the insecticide, the steady-state release rate of the polymeric delivery system in the first and second embodiments is maintained for at least 6 years as a barrier against insects such as ants and termites. However, the equilibrium concentration of the present invention can be easily adjusted according to the needs of each user.
[0052]
Moreover, the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 may have an agrochemical impermeable sheet (not shown) such as a metallized foil. The extruded sheet of metallized foil or polymer is overlaid on one side of the spunbond polymer sheet to determine the direction of pesticide flow.
[0053]
Another embodiment of the invention is a pest impervious sheet barrier wherein a bioactive chemical or a fragile combined mixture of pesticide and carbon carrier is placed in the polymer and the bioactive chemical is substantially released. Not. Note that “almost no release” and “only a small amount release” means 0.4 μm / cm.²Per day / day, preferably 0.1 μm / cm²/ Day, most preferably 0.05 μm / cm²/ Release rate less than a day. This embodiment includes a release rate below the detection limit. In this embodiment, the pests “smell” or “scratch” on the surface of the polymer, detect the presence of bioactive chemicals harmful to the pests, and stop approaching. The lifetime of this barrier is considerably longer than that of high emission rate barriers. Furthermore, bioactive chemicals are less likely to “leak” due to polymer scratches or tears. Therefore, in order to maintain a perfect barrier, it is preferable that the present embodiment has two or more layers. By using multiple layers, even if one layer is torn or a hole is made, a pest cannot pass through the second layer or the next unbroken layer. In order to prevent tearing, it is also preferable to provide a protective layer such as a scrim on one or both sides of the barrier layer.
[0054]
When the polymer carrier delivery systems of the first and second embodiments are completed, they are installed on the side of the structure to be protected from insects. 3-5 is a figure which shows the various usage examples of the sheet | seat of a spot or stripe in this invention. Although the configuration of FIG. 1 is shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the configuration shown in FIG. 2 and other configurations may be used.
[0055]
In FIG. 3, the polymeric carrier delivery system 1 is installed under and along the concrete foundation of the wooden structure 100, creating an exclusion zone 10 to protect the structure from termites, ants and other perforated insects. Has been.
[0056]
FIG. 4 shows that the polymeric carrier delivery system 2 is installed under a structural part 24 such as a pouch, patio, sidewalk, etc. or under a foundation foundation next to a wooden structure 101 to provide the exclusion zone 10. The figure is shown.
[0057]
FIG. 5 shows a view in which the polymeric carrier delivery system 3 is installed below and on the concrete foundation 23 under the wooden part 25 of the wooden structure 102 to create the exclusion zone 10.
[0058]
6 and 7 show another embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment relates to protruding moldings such as the extruded flexible cylinder 26 shown in FIG. 6, the extruded flexible flat strip 27 shown in FIG. Various types of polymers can be used that can be broadly classified into four subgroups. The group includes thermoplastic polymers, thermosetting polymers, elastic polymers, and copolymers of the above three groups. For example, some polymers that can be used from the four groups are: high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, ethyl-vinyl acetate (EVA), vinyl acetate, urethane, polyester, santoprene, silicon, neoprene. There is polyisoprene. In some embodiments, the insecticide described above can be used for the insecticide, but chlorpyrifos is preferred. A filler may be added.
[0059]
The cylinder is preferably about 5-15 mm in diameter, but most preferably about 10 mm in diameter for the best steady delivery of insecticide to the exclusion zone. The planar strip is preferably about 1-6 mm thick and about 5-15 mm wide. However, both cylinders and flat strips can be designed for various user requirements.
[0060]
Overall, in order to maintain a balanced concentration of pesticide in the exclusion zone for a longer period of time, the ingredients of this embodiment of the present invention comprise a polymer in a proportion of about 70 to about 95 mass and about 0 to 0 mass. About 30 percent carbon and about 5 to about 30 weight percent pesticide. However, the configuration of the extruded product can be adapted to the user's request. It is estimated that the exclusion zone can be retained for at least 6 years in cylinders and for a similar period in flat strips.
[0061]
Extrudates can be placed in various locations to create an exclusion zone. FIG. 8 shows how to use the extruded product shown in FIG. One or more flexible cylinders 26 are installed between the concrete foundation 23 'and the wooden part 25' of the structure. The flexible cylinder 26 releases the insecticide at a controlled rate to create an exclusion zone. The advantage of this configuration is that the flexible cylinder 26 can be installed under an already constructed structure. Similarly, although not shown, the flexible cylinder can be installed vertically in the ground as opposed to the horizontal direction. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the extrudate may have other suitable shapes or may be installed at an appropriate location depending on the particular purpose of use.
[0062]
FIG. 9 illustrates a method using the flexible flat strip extrudate of FIG. One or more flexible planar strips 27 are installed between or along the concrete foundation 23 "and the wooden part 25" of the structure to create an exclusion zone. Although not shown, the flexible flat strip 27 can be installed vertically along the wall as an example. Again, any suitable way of installing the planar strip is within the scope of the present invention.
[0063]
As shown in the embodiment of FIGS. 10 to 13, by using pellets, the release of the insecticide can be conveniently controlled. The pellet 13 contains a polymer, an insecticide, and preferably contains a filler. In this embodiment, various polymers can be used. They include four subgroups of polymers consisting of thermoplastic polymers, thermosetting polymers, elastic polymers, and copolymers thereof. The selection of the polymer from these four subgroups is made depending on the design requirements considering whether the preferred polymer is high density polyethylene or low density polyethylene. A preferred insecticide is tefluthrin, but the following insecticides may be used. That is, isofenphos, fenvalerate, cypermethrin, permethrin, and other pyrethrins. For best results, a carrier such as carbon can be incorporated into the mixture.
[0064]
The pellet 31 releases the insecticide at a controlled rate over a longer period to establish an exclusion zone. For retention of the zone in the soil, the components required in such pellets include a polymer in a proportion of about 70 to about 95 mass, carbon black in a proportion of about 0 to about 30 mass, and a mass. Of about 5 to about 30 pesticides. In addition, you may change the component of a pellet according to a user's liking.
[0065]
The pellet may be sized conveniently according to the purpose of use, and is, for example, about 1 to 25 mm in diameter (or width and thickness if rectangular) and 2 to 20 cm in length. Also, the pellet size and pesticide concentration can be easily adjusted to meet the specific needs of the user. However, the exclusion zone is maintained for at least 6 years.
[0066]
Furthermore, the pellet 31 has an advantage that it can be easily installed almost anywhere. The pellet of this embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. The pellet 31 is inserted near the wooden structure 25. The pellets shown in FIG. 10 have a cement foundation 23 ′ ″ and a wooden structure so that a zone 10 is created around the wooden structure 25 ′ ″ to eliminate insects that can damage the wooden structure. Can be placed immediately below (not shown). FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the pellet 31 embedded on the surface 40.
[0067]
Pellets can be easily used for a wide variety of applications. FIG. 12 shows how pellets 50 are sprayed onto the concrete structure surface 40. FIG. 15 shows surface treatment by placing pellets 33 on a pre-formed board 300.
[0068]
As shown in FIG. 13, the pellets 32 are applied to a surface 40 such as soil or concrete using foam 41. The pellets are first mixed into the foam by conventionally known techniques. Then, the foam 41 containing fine pellets is sprayed 50 on the surface 41 by an automatic spray coater 70 in order to apply a protective coating to the surface, as shown in FIG. The pellet 32 then releases an insecticide to create a protective barrier in the soil to protect the wood from pests. For best results, the foam 50 is composed of polyurethane. Silicone, polyester, or polyvinyl acetate can also be used. The pellet 32 can vary in size depending on the thickness of the foam and the desired concentration of insecticide in the exclusion zone. The thickness of the foam applied to the surface can be varied according to user preferences. The exclusion zone can be maintained for at least 6 years. In addition to being used as a pesticide carrier, the foam stores cement and also serves as a thermal insulator.
[0069]
As shown in FIG. 14, a molded board in which pellets 33 are embedded can be used as an embodiment of the present invention. The board 300 can be made of any material that can hold the pellet 33 appropriately. The board is preferably made from styrofoam, a registered trademark of Dow Chemical Company. The board can be used in various ways and also functions as a thermal insulator. An application example is shown in FIG. Here, a board 300 containing pellets 33 is placed on the concrete surface 42. The embedded pellets are arranged at regular intervals according to the amount of the pesticide devised.
[0070]
According to another embodiment shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, a sustained release device comprising a polymer matrix and an insecticide can be applied by hot melt. This embodiment is designed according to the needs of already installed structures. As described above, the polymer matrix can include the four polymer groups described above. Similarly, any of the insecticides described above can be used. However, it is preferred to use high density or low density polyethylene with either pyrethrin. Even when tailored to the user, for best results, the concentration of various materials during hot melt application is about 70 to about 95 polymers, about 5 to about 30 insecticides, and about 0 to about About 30 fillers / carriers.
[0071]
FIG. 16 shows the hot melt 50 injected into the ground near the concrete foundation 43 by the syringe 400. The concrete structure 43 supports the wooden structure 250. FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the interval between the hot melts 50 already injected into the ground.
[0072]
In another embodiment, FIGS. 18 and 19 show the use of an insecticide to fumigate structure 500. FIG. By injecting or placing a sustained release device in or near the structure being fumigated, the insecticide released from the sustained release device will evaporate, thereby fumigating the structure. it can. FIG. 18 shows the case where the plug 34 is used for fumigating the structure 500 composed of the building blocks 502. Similarly, FIG. 19 shows a case where a drill 800 is used to make a hole 700 in a cement slab 900 and a sustained release device is used for the cement slab 900. When the insertion is complete, the plug can fumigate the structure.
[0073]
Another embodiment of the device of the present invention is shown in FIG. A first polymer 200 that is a medium or high density polymer containing a low vapor pressure insecticide is mixed with a low density second polymer 202 that is more volatile and contains a high vapor pressure insecticide. High density, medium density, and low density are terms that indicate the degree of crosslinking within a polymer and are well known in the polymer art. High vapor pressure refers to vapor pressure above about 1 mPa, preferably between about 10 and about 100 mPa. Low vapor pressure refers to vapor pressure below 1 mPa, preferably between about 0.05 and about 0.5 mPa. The first polymer 200 is preferably about 1/32 to 1/8 inch thick. The low vapor pressure insecticide is preferably permethrin or lambda cihalothrin. The material for the first polymer 200 is preferably selected from polyurethane, high-density polyethylene, and polypropylene. The second polymer 202 is installed in the vicinity of the first polymer 200 and preferably in close contact with the first polymer 200. The first polymer 200 is preferably impermeable to water and radon. Accordingly, the first polymer 200 is preferably a film or a sheet such as spunbond. According to the present invention, the first polymer 200 is composed of two subparts, one of which is subpart 204 which is a water permeable medium density or high density polymer containing a low vapor pressure insecticide and the other is an insecticide. It is the subpart 206 of the water-impermeable layer which does not contain. The impermeable layer serves to prevent or reduce the installer from exposure to or contact with the bioactive chemical. Examples of the water-impermeable layer include Myler, Saran, and Saranex.
[0074]
The second polymer 202 is a low density polymer, preferably ethylene-vinyl acetate, low density polyethylene, or a mixture thereof. The more volatile or higher vapor pressure insecticide within the second polymer is preferably a synthetic pyrethroid such as tefluthrin.
[0075]
The second polymer 202 may be in the form of a pellet as already described, and the first polymer is placed under the base plate on the foundation, and the first polymer is dispersed in the soil around the foundation. And developing the second polymer. More preferably, the second polymer 202 is in the form of an open mesh that is either woven or non-woven as shown. The mesh opening has a size ranging from as little as unsealed to about 1 to 4 inches square, and the rib 208 has a cross-sectional width of about 1 mil to about 1/8 inch. A scrim made from polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyester can be used as the mesh. Preferably, the first polymer 200 sheet and the second polymer 202 open mesh are used to place a device combining the first polymer 200 and the second polymer 202 under the ground. The first polymer sheet 200 is placed next to the second polymer 202 open mesh, and the first polymer 200 sheet contacts or is near the foundation 43 and is between the foundation and the second polymer 202 open mesh. The mesh material absorbs the bioactive chemical and may aid in a bioactive chemical reservoir.
[0076]
During use, the first polymer 200 maintains a physical / chemical barrier against insect invasion. However, since the release of the first polymer 200 is slow, a very small amount of insecticide is released that can create an exclusion zone within about one year after installation. Furthermore, for example, it is impossible to install a barrier without defects without penetrating through power distribution or piping, or making holes or tears during construction. Accordingly, the second polymer 202 is deployed so that an exclusion zone can be created in the first few days after installation, and insect access through an incomplete portion of the first polymer 200 can be prevented. Accordingly, the first polymer 200 has three functions. A barrier against insects, a vapor / moisture barrier, and a radon barrier. The first polymer 200 is designed to be kept for at least 10 years, preferably 20 years or more. The second polymer 202 is designed to be kept for at least 5 years, preferably about 10 years. The pesticide release concentration can be sufficient to keep the first polymer 200 in the exclusion zone until the second polymer 202 is depleted and has no effect on the insects.
[0077]
Suitable multilayer barrier
Another embodiment of the invention is a multilayer barrier having at least three layers. The three layers are a pesticide release layer and two pesticide retention layers. The pesticide retention layer is on both sides of the pesticide release layer. The pesticide release layer (ie, the layer containing “active” or pesticide active ingredients) contains at least one pesticide. The pesticide release layer releases at least one of the pesticides. The pesticide release layer releases only a small amount of pesticide out of the barrier. Since the inner active layer is sandwiched between two pesticide holding layers, almost no pesticide is released from the barrier. The thickness of the barrier is typically from about 0.010 inches (10 mils) to about 0.030 inches (30 mils) and from about 0.014 inches (14 mils) to about 0.016 inches (16 mils). It is preferable. The multilayer barrier can be molded into a sheet or film shape and can be laid around areas such as the base of a house that need to be protected from termite and other insects that crawl the ground.
[0078]
This multi-layer barrier prevents the entry of pests such as perforated insects and termites that crawl into the protected area and / or structure and repels and / or prevents the pests from exceeding the barrier. Protect areas and / or structures. Multi-layer barriers protect areas and / or structures for longer periods, while at the same time having no negative impact on barrier installers, people visiting or occupying protected areas and / or structures, and even the environment. The release of pesticides from the barrier is minimal so that the installer can handle the barrier without harmful effects. Minimizing the release of pesticides minimizes the impact on the environment and allows the barrier to last for a long period of time, usually 10 years or even 30 years. Multi-layer barriers can be placed under the foundation of the building prior to construction so as to provide long-term protection against pests such as wood perforations and termites that creep on the ground. In addition to keeping pests out of the protected area and / or structure, the multilayer barrier helps prevent toxic gases such as moisture and radon from penetrating into the protected area and / or structure.
[0079]
The barrier of this embodiment of the invention may include one or more additional layers. The additional layer can be placed anywhere with respect to the pesticide release layer and the pesticide retention layer, but is preferably disposed between the pesticide release layer and the pesticide retention layer.
[0080]
The barrier of this embodiment of the present invention includes an additional layer to reinforce the barrier and prevent perforation. This additional layer can be placed anywhere as desired relative to the required layer, but is preferably placed between the pesticide release layer and the pesticide retention layer. The multilayer barrier may be in the form of a thin sheet or film, in which case it includes at least a layer that reinforces the sheet or film and prevents perforation. The thickness of the reinforcing and anti-piercing layer is typically between about 0.002 inches (2 mils) and about 0.006 inches (6 mils), preferably about 0.004 inches (4 mils).
[0081]
The barrier of this embodiment of the present invention may include one or more additional protective layers for protecting the barrier from environmental factors such as ultraviolet light. The additional protective layer protects the barrier from UV rays during installation and when the sun hits the barrier after installation. The additional protective layer can be placed anywhere desired with respect to the other layers, but is usually placed outside the other layers of the barrier. The protective layer can be made of a heat insulating polymer to promote thermal insulation of the barrier. The thickness of the protective layer is usually between about 0.0005 inch (0.5 mil) and about 0.003 inch (3 mil), preferably about 0.001 (1 mil). The protective layer is usually between about 15% and about 30% by weight of the barrier, preferably about 22% by weight of the barrier. The area density of the protective layer is about 13 g / m of raw material.²~ Raw material approx. 78g / m²Preferably between about 26 g / m of raw material²It is.
[0082]
The barrier layers are grouped together or bonded together to form a single multilayer product. The layers can be bonded to each other directly or using a bonding layer. For example, the reinforcing / drilling prevention layer can be bonded to the active layer (ie, the agricultural chemical release layer) and the agricultural chemical holding layer using a bonding layer. Similarly, the reinforcing and perforating prevention layer can be bonded to the pesticide release layer using a bonding layer. An advantage of using one or more tie layers to secure each layer of the barrier together is that the active layer can be made of a polymer that does not need to be able to be bonded to the pesticide retention layer or additional layers. As a result, a polymer having a low melting point can be used in the active layer (that is, the agricultural chemical release layer). Since the processing temperature is low, the loss of agricultural chemicals can be reduced during the processing for forming the active layer.
[0083]
The pesticide-holding layer is preferably made of a polymer raw material that allows only a small amount of pesticide to permeate so that almost no pesticide is released from the barrier. A suitable polymer is Saranex® of Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan. The thickness of each pesticide retention layer is between about 0.001 inches (1 mil) and about 0.005 inches (5 mils), preferably 0.002 inches (2 mils). The pesticide retention layer is between about 20% to about 40% by weight of the barrier, preferably about 25% to about 35% by weight of the barrier, more preferably about 30% by weight of the barrier. The area density of the pesticide retention layer is about 26 g / m of raw material.²~ About 130g / m of raw material²Preferably between about 60 g / m of raw material²It is. In this embodiment of the invention, the pesticide retention layer, not the pesticide release layer, controls the release of pesticide from the barrier. However, the pesticide release layer can help ensure that only a small amount of pesticide is released by adjusting the release of the pesticide from the pesticide release layer. The release rate from the barrier is in some cases below the detection limit.
[0084]
The pesticide release layer can be composed of a polymer matrix and a pesticide dispersed throughout the polymer matrix. The polymer matrix may be a sustained release polymer matrix formed in the film. According to one embodiment of the invention, the polymer matrix is made from low density polyethylene. Linear low density polyethylene is currently preferred as a polymeric matrix material because it has a lower melting point than other polyethylenes. The low density polyethylene may be a metallocene-catalyzed low density polyethylene. Other suitable polymers for use in the polymer matrix include, but are not limited to, urethane, polyurethane, epoxy, silicone, polyethylene + wax (PE + wax), aromatic polyester, pelletane, ethyl. -Vinyl acetate (EVA), polyethylene, high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, vinyl acetate, polyester, santoprene, neoprene, polyisoprene, polypropylene, copolymer or mixture of polyethylene and polypropylene, polybutylene, epoxy polymer, polyamide, acrylic acid Contains acrylonitrile styrene, unsaturated polyester, silicone, or combinations thereof. The polymer used in the polymer matrix may be hydrophobic.
[0085]
Pesticides suitable for use in the pesticide release layer include, but are not limited to, the present invention, such as pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, isofenphos, fenvalates, pyrethrins, and mixtures of these types of compounds. Including. Suitable pesticides for use in the pesticide release layer are teflutrin, permethrin, lambda cihalothrin, resmetrin, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, ciphenothrin, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos, phenoxy curve, diazinon, dichlorfen, methylisothiocanate, Includes pentachlorophenol, tralomethrin, chlorfenapyr, fipronil, neonicotinoid, and mixtures of these compounds. Examples of suitable neonicotinoids include, but are not limited to, thiamethoxane, nightenpyran, imidacloprid, clothianidin, acetamiprid, thiacloprid. A suitable pesticide for use in the pesticide release layer is lambda cihalothrin. Lambda cyhalothrin is the most important termite species in the United States, Reticulitermes flavipes, against 0.0001 μg / termite experimental termite (LC₉₉Is a highly effective termiticide containing a lethal concentrate that kills 99% of In some embodiments, at least one of the pesticides in the pesticide release layer is present at least 5% by weight of the pesticide release layer. In another embodiment, at least one of the pesticides in the pesticide release layer is present at least 10% by weight of the pesticide release layer.
[0086]
Multilayer barriers work in a variety of ways against termites. Multilayer barriers provide insecticidal protection with pesticides such as lambda cyhalothrin in the barrier so that lethal doses of pesticides are given to termites that have been in brief contact with the barrier. The multilayer barrier also provides insect protection against termites. Furthermore, the multi-layer barrier provides physical protection to termites because it preferably includes a smooth and strong external pesticide retention layer so that termites cannot begin to eat the barrier.
[0087]
The pesticide release layer made from the polymer matrix and the pesticide diffused in the matrix may contain a carrier such as carbon black (including lamp black and gas black). It has been found that carbon black in the form of lamp black has the advantage of being easy to extrude and not solidify without deactivating or altering the pesticide. The use of carbon black in the form of lamp black helps to produce a crumbly fragile mixture of nearly dry or non-sticky fluid particles, and the evaporation of pesticides during extrusion formation It helps to prevent. The thickness of the pesticide release layer is typically between about 0.001 inches (1 mil) and about 0.020 inches (20 mils), preferably about 0.001 inches (1 mil) to about 0.005 inches ( 5 mils), more preferably about 0.002 inches (2 mils) or 0.0037 inches (3.7 mils). The pesticide release layer is typically between about 15% to about 30% by weight of the barrier, preferably between about 22% to about 25% by weight of the barrier, and more preferably about 24% by weight of the barrier. The area density of the pesticide release layer is usually about 22 g / m.²~ About 115g / m²Between, preferably about 45% of the raw material.
[0088]
It is preferable that the pesticide release layer suppresses and releases the pesticide. This sustained release helps the pesticide retention layer to deliver only a small amount of pesticide out of the barrier to achieve a barrier that does not substantially release. In other words, releasing only a small amount of pesticide from the barrier can be aided by controlling the release from the active layer (ie, the pesticide release layer).
[0089]
In addition to the pesticide that repels insects and prevents their entry, it is preferred that the barrier contain one or more fungicides. The disinfectant can be placed in a pesticide release layer containing the insecticide or in a separate disinfectant release layer. The individual germicidal release layer may be in the pesticide release layer. One or more fungicides can be included to prevent the overall quality of the barrier from being degraded by the fungus.
[0090]
As used herein, “bactericidal agent” refers to compounds belonging to a very wide range of compound classes that are effective against plant pathogenic bacteria. Examples of compound classes to which suitable antimicrobial compounds belong include, but are not limited to, solid and liquid bactericides at room temperature (25 ° C.), triazole derivatives, strobilurins, carbamates. (Including thio and dithiocarbamates), benzimidazoles (eg, thiobendazole), N-trihalomethylthio (N-trihalomethylthio) compounds (eg, captan), substituted benzenes, carboxyamides (carboxamides) , Phenylamides, phenylpyrroles, and mixtures thereof. Suitable fungicides are trichloronitromethane, a mixture of methyl isothiocyanate and 1,3-dichloropropane, sodium N-methyldithiolate, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,9-benzoquinone, calcium cyanamide, Biphenyl, copper naphthenate, dichlorophen, fentin hydroxide, and mixtures of these compounds.
[0091]
The bactericidal active compound is used in an amount having a bactericidal effect in the active layer of the multilayer barrier. In the practice of the present invention, a mixture of one or more of the above bactericidal active compounds can also be used as the active compound.
[0092]
The barrier of this embodiment of the present invention includes one or more reinforcing / drilling prevention layers, which are preferably made of scrim. The reinforcing / drilling prevention layer prevents tearing and drilling, and helps to give the barrier a tensile strength. Suitable scrims are made of woven polymer. Particularly preferred is a woven polymer made from high density polyethylene. The pressure of the scrim is typically between about 0.002 inches (2 mils) and about 0.006 inches (6 mils), preferably about 0.004 inches (4 mils). The scrim layer is generally about 11% to about 24% by weight of the barrier, preferably about 17% to about 18% by weight of the barrier. The area density of the scrim layer is usually about 30 g / m.²~ 95g / m²Preferably, the raw material is about 62 g / m²It is.
[0093]
In order to reduce the release of pesticides in the pesticide release layer from the edge of the barrier, the pesticide retention layer may be wider and longer than the corresponding pesticide release layer. It is good to join.
[0094]
By installing one or more additional layers (that is, layers other than the pesticide release layer) in the pesticide retention layer, it is also possible when pests enter the barrier. As the pesticide is released, the additional layer penetrates the pesticide. Thus, the additional layer provides further physical and pesticide protection against pests that pass through the barrier.
[0095]
One of the advantages of the multilayer barrier in this embodiment of the present invention is that the barrier can prevent termites, wood perforated ants and other pests from entering a structure made entirely or partially of wood. Is a point. Another advantage is that the barrier can prevent the pests from crossing the barrier, a long-term organization spanning 10 or 30 years. Yet another advantage is that there is almost no pesticide on the outer surface of the barrier when it is installed. Thereby, the safety of the barrier handler and the installer can be enhanced. A further advantage of this embodiment of the present invention is that the barrier manufacturing process is efficient and large numbers of barriers can be manufactured using equipment that is conventionally used commercially. In addition to keeping pests away from protected areas and structures, the barrier of this embodiment of the present invention prevents moisture and toxic gases from entering the protected areas and structures.
[0096]
According to one aspect of the invention, the barrier consists of a plurality of polymer layers joined together to form a flexible and thin film. The film can be placed around areas that need to be protected from insects that crawl the ground, such as termites and other pests, such as the foundation of a house.
[0097]
The presently preferred multilayer barrier in the present invention consists of 8 thin polymer films. The layers are joined together to form a flexible film. Currently preferred barrier film thicknesses are between about 0.015 inches (15 mils) and about 0.016 (16 mils). Currently preferred barrier film widths are between about 81 inches and about 83 inches. The currently preferred barrier film weighs about 327 g / m²It is. Eight layers of the currently preferred film are shown schematically in the cross-sectional view of FIG.
[0098]
In FIG. 21, the barrier film 110 includes outer layers 112 and 114. The outer layers 112 and 114 are extruded coating grade polyolefin plastomer (sold by Dow Chemical Company under the name Affinity® PT1450) and concentrated dye (Blanton, Ontario, Canada). Manufactured by Colortech Inc.,
[0099]
Carbon black Vulcan® 9 blend manufactured by Cabot Corporation and LDPE and extrusion coating grade polyethylene (Nova Chemicals Canada Limited) Made from a blend of Canada Ltd. Novapol® LC-0522-A). The raw materials used to make the outer layers 112 and 114 are also referred to below as “new generation resins” or “NGR”. The raw materials used to make the outer layers 112 and 114 help provide the barrier with UV protection and thermal insulation. The melting point of the outer layers 112 and 114 is about 110 ° C. The expected lifetime of the outer layers 112 and 114 is expected to be comparable to the moisture barrier currently used during construction, and when installed in the ground, the raw material is expected to last indefinitely. In accordance with the present invention, outer layers 112 and 114 have a thickness of about 0.0011 inches (1.1 mils) and a raw material of about 26 g / m.²Has a weight of
Inside the outer layers 112 and 114 are pesticide retention layers 116 and 118. The pesticide retaining layers 116 and 118 are made of Saranex® 14 which is a product of Dow Chemical Company. Saranex (registered trademark) 14 has a melting point higher than 143 ° C., and is considered to have no biological deterioration or light deterioration. Saranex® 14 is a five-layer coextruded product consisting of low density polyethylene, vinylidene chloride / vinyl chloride copolymer (eg, Saran), ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, and silicon dioxide. According to a preferred embodiment, the layer of Saranex® 14 (ie, layers 116 and 118) has a thickness of about 0.002 inches (2 mils) and a material of about 53 g / m.²Having an area density of
[0100]
Inside the pesticide holding layer 116 is a bonding layer 120 that bonds the pesticide holding layer 116 to the scrim layer 122. The tie layer 120 is made of the same material as the pesticide retention layers 112 and 114. According to a preferred embodiment, tie layer 120 has a thickness of about 0.0011 inches (1.1 mils) and an area density of about 26 g / m LDPE.²It is.
[0101]
The scrim layer 122 is high-density polyethylene, particularly Nova Chemicals Corporation's Sclair® HDPE No. 99G. The scrim layer is preferably woven HDPE. The HDPE used to make the scrim layer 122 is extruded into a sheet and cut into a tape. The tape is then pre-pressed, woven into a sheet and integrated into the barrier film 110 to provide tensile strength and prevention of perforations. The HDPE used to make the scrim layer 112 is very similar to the resin used to make common water pipes and is considered to have a comparable life. According to a preferred embodiment, scrim layer 112 has a thickness of about 0.004 inches (4 mils) and an area density of about 63 g / m of raw material.²It is.
[0102]
The tie layer 126 couples the scrim layer 122 to the active layer 128. The tie layer 126 is Nova Chemicals Canada Limited's extrusion coating grade low density polyethylene, for example Novapol® LC-0522-A. The melting point of the bonding layer 126 is about 165 ° C. According to a preferred embodiment, the bonding layer 126 has a thickness of about 0.001 inch (1 mil) and an area density of about 25 g / m of material.²It is.
[0103]
There is an active layer 128 between the tie layer 126 and the pesticide retention layer 118. In some embodiments of the present invention, the active layer 128 comprises about 0.82% to about 1% industrial lambda cihalotorin technical (85% w / w) and about 0.85% by weight. About 20% to about 1.05% by weight carbon black from General Carbon Company, also known as Lamp Black # 6 (also known as Lamp black Superfine # 6); -9 wt% to about 23.1 wt% low density (LDPE) polyethylene resin. In another embodiment, the active layer 128 comprises 11.74 wt% lambda cihalothrin in 10.5.2 wt% technical solution, 10.87 wt% Lamp Black # 6, 77 .39% by weight low density polyethylene (LDPE) resin. The LDPE resin is preferably PE XU59400.00 (also known as PE XU59400) from Dow Chemical Company, which is a metallocene catalyzed extrusion coating grade LDPE. This LDPE was selected because it has a low melting point, about 80 ° C., and has an extrusion coating ability. In a preferred embodiment, the active layer 128 is about 23% by weight of the barrier film 110, is about 0.002 inches (2 mils) thick, and has an area density of about 45 g / m raw material.²It is.
[0104]
In the eight-layer barrier film described above, the outer layers 112 and 114 and the bonding layer 120 together comprise about 22.2% by weight of the barrier film 110. The pesticide retaining layers 116 and 118 together comprise about 29.7% by weight of the barrier film 110. The scrim layer 122 comprises about 17.8% by weight of the barrier film 110. The tie layer 126 comprises about 6.4% by weight of the barrier film 110. The active layer 128 occupies about 23.9% by weight of the barrier film 110.
[0105]
The release rate of the bioactive chemical substance from the bonding layer 126 to the other layers is higher than the release rate of the bioactive chemical substance from the barrier film 110 to the outside of the barrier film 110. In a preferred 8-layer embodiment, the release rate of lambda cihalothrin is 0.002 μg / cm per day for the film.²It was measured as less than. The barrier film 110 serves to prevent wood-degraded organisms from entering the structure while ignoring the concentration of lambda cihalothrin in the soil and other surrounding environments.
[0106]
Another suitable multilayer barrier may be composed of six polymer thin films, and the layers are bonded together to form a highly flexible film. In one embodiment, the six layers of polymer wisdom thickness is about 0.012 inches (12 mils), the width is between about 81 inches and about 83 inches, and the weight is about 263 g / m.²It is. One suitable six-layer film is schematically illustrated in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 24 and described below.
[0107]
In FIG. 24, the barrier film 210 includes outer membranes 212 and 214. The barrier film 210 serves to prevent wood-degraded organisms from entering the structure while ignoring the concentration of lambda cihalothrin in the soil and other surrounding environments. In one embodiment, outer layers 212 and 214 are described with reference to an eight-layer membrane and, as referred to as “new generation resin” or “NGR”, are extrusion coated grade polyolefin plastomers, concentrated dyes, Made of a mixture with extrusion coating grade polyethylene. Outer layers 212 and 214 are about 0.0005 inches (0.5 mils) to about 0.003 inches (3 mils) thick with about 13 g / m of material.²~ 78g / m²It is.
[0108]
Inside the outer layers 212 and 214 are pesticide retention layers 216 and 218. In one embodiment, the pesticide retention layers 216 and 218 are made of Saranex® 14 as described above. Layers 116 and 118 are about 0.0005 inches (0.5 mils) to about 0.003 inches (3 mils) thick with about 26 g / m of raw material.²~ 130g / m²It is.
[0109]
Inside the pesticide retention layer 216 is a structural layer 222. In one embodiment, the structural layer 222 is made of HDPE as described above. The structural layer 216 has a thickness of about 0.002 inches (2 mils) to about 0.006 inches (6 mils) and has a raw material of about 31 g / m.²~ 93g / m²It is.
[0110]
There is an active layer 228 between the structural layer 222 and the pesticide retention layer 218. In one embodiment, the active layer 216 is made from 0.91 wt% lambda cihalothrin, 0.95 wt% lamp black # 6, and 22 wt% LDPE resin in 85 wt% purification solvent. . The active layer 216 is about 0.002 inches (2 mils) to about 0.005 inches (5 mils) thick with about 22 g / m of raw material.²To 115g / m²Of materials.
[0111]
The release rate of lambda cihalothrin in the 6 layer embodiment is 1 cm of film per day.²Was measured to be less than 0.002 μg. The barrier film 210 serves to prevent wood-degraded organisms from entering the structure while ignoring the concentration of lambda cihalothrin in the soil and other surrounding environments.
[0112]
The present invention also provides an effective method of making a multilayer barrier using conventional commercially available equipment. According to one aspect of the invention, lamp black or gas black is used in the premix for making the active layer. Lamp black achieves the desired premix fluidity, but unlike many other types of carbon black, lamp black has a detrimental effect on pesticide activity, saying that it deactivates pesticides. Absent.
[0113]
Barrier film manufacturing method
The multilayer barrier film described above can be formed by various methods. In one method, a carrier such as carbon black is mixed with polymer particles to form a mixture. One or more pesticides are added to the mixture in a liquid state, while the mixture is kept below the temperature at which the pesticide is altered and above the melting point temperature of the pesticide to form a fragile premix. Keep it. This premix is melt extruded to form a thin active film. The premix is extruded with the desired additional layers to form a barrier film. The number of layers desired, the type of layers selected, the order of layers, and the materials from which the layers are made depend on a variety of factors including, but not limited to, the ultimate use of the barrier film, pests Such as the desired length of protection against intrusion, the type of area and / or structure to be protected, the specific type of pest, the manufacturing cost and the ability.
[0114]
The active layer can be prepared by mixing a pesticide or bioactive chemical with a carrier to form a fragile binding mix and adding the fragile binding mix to the polymer matrix. The active layer can also be prepared by mixing a polymer and a carrier to form a polymer-carrier mixture and adding a pesticide or bioactive chemical to it.
[0115]
The eight-layer barrier layer 110 described above can be formed by the following preferred method. In order to form the active layer 128, a polyethylene resin and carbon black in the form of lamp black are mixed and mixed. A suitable mixer is a mullion type mixer. When a mullion type mixer is used, the mixer is sealed before the stirrer is operated. The polyethylene resin and carbon black are mixed well until they are mixed well and the size of the carbon mass is reduced. The polyethylene resin is preferably in the form of pellets and is crushed into a 35 mesh powder at a low temperature. Most of the temperature of the mixture is preferably 60 ° C. or lower.
[0116]
Next, while continuing to stir the mixture of polyethylene resin and carbon black, the dissolved lambda cihalothrin is gradually added by spray. In a preferred embodiment, 85.2% by weight of industrial lambda cihalothrin solvent is used. Continue stirring until the contents are evenly mixed. The mixture is then stored, for example, in a drum with plastic on the inside.
[0117]
The mixture is then placed in an extruder / granulator adapted to the mold to form pellets. In a preferred embodiment, an extruder / granulator adapted to a 1/8 inch stand mold is used and the extrusion temperature is maintained at about 85 ° C. over the length and mold of the extrusion barrel. The extruder stand may require water cooling before granulation. The pellets are about 1/8 inch long in a preferred embodiment. Next, the pellet is dried. Dry the pellets in a hot air cyclone dryer, but if more complete drying is required, dry them side by side on a flat tray in a forced exhaust oven at 60 ° C.
[0118]
The premix pellets are extruded and laminated between two multilayer films by a lamination process. Specifically, the premix pellets are extruded and laminated between two multilayer films so as to retain the bioactive premix raw material in the final barrier film 110. A conventional extruder such as a single screw or double screw extruder may be used to extrude the layer 128.
[0119]
The multilayer film used in the laminating process is molded in advance. The first multilayer film consists of layers 114 and 118 as described above (ie, an agrochemical retention layer consisting of Saranex® 14 and its adjacent NGR layer). As described above, the second multilayer film is composed of layers 112, 116, 120, 122, 126, 114, 118 (that is, an NGR layer and a pesticide-retaining layer composed of adjacent Saranex® 14). , The adjacent NGR layer, the adjacent HDPE layer, and the adjacent LDPE layer). The layers of the second multilayer film are placed such that the first NGR layer (ie, layer 112) is the outer surface of the final product.
[0120]
The premix pellets are diluted with fresh polyethylene resin, brought to the desired lambda cihalothrin concentration, placed in an extruder and laminated directly between the first and second multilayer films to form the barrier film 110. In a preferred method, the lambda cihalothrin concentrate in the barrier film 110 is 0.77% by weight, or 1 m of the barrier film 110.²Per 2.75 g. The barrier film 110 is wound up and packed for sale or size adjustment and sewing.
[0121]
Premix moisture, especially moisture from carbon black, can be a problem during manufacturing such that bubbles are generated when the active layer 128 exits the extrusion mold. This can be solved by drying the premix for about 12 hours in a constant temperature machine set at about 54 ° C., and it turns out that this allows the premix to be almost dried to the point where no bubbles are generated. Yes. In addition, the moisture in the atmosphere in contact with the concentrated premix must be reduced.
[0122]
Furthermore, if there is a carbon lump, the surface of the barrier film 110 will be greatly bumpy. Carbon mass is a problem because the bioactive component (eg, lambda cihalothrin) will be unevenly distributed within the active layer 128. This problem can be reduced by sieving the carbon black component of the scrim layer 122 with a 100 mesh net before use. In addition, by using a high energy stirrer such as a Henschel-type stirrer and a twin screw extruder, or by using kneading, the shear stress in the extruder can be reduced by adding a large amount of carbon to increase the polymer melt viscosity. Carbon black can be appropriately dispersed by increasing the carbon diffusion. Lowering the extrusion temperature or using an extrusion screw having a high shear stirring section also has an effect of dispersing carbon. An example of an extrusion screw with a shear stirrer is a screw design with a grooved barrier flight built into the screw. With such a screw, the polymer melt will be flowed over a barrier flight close to the extrusion barrel. Thereby, since a high shear rate is applied to the polymer melt, carbon can be more dispersed in the mixture.
[0123]
In the manufacturing process, thermal decomposition and evaporation of lambda cihalothrin occurs at temperatures above about 160 ° C., and the loss of lambda cihalothrin is very high between about 160 ° C. and about 170 ° C. Considering the safety of the processing conditions, the processing temperature may be about 150 ° C.
[0124]
Suitable method for off-site pre-forming of barrier film
The presently preferred barrier film usage is to protect the house from termite and other perforated wood perforations. In order to prevent insects from entering the house from the soil, the barrier film of the present invention must be laid between and near the soil and the foundation of the house in contact with or near the soil.
[0125]
At present, it is commercially preferred to make the barrier film of the present invention into a sheet smaller than the foundation of the house. Therefore, it is necessary to combine a large number of sheets and completely cover the foundation with a barrier film. In order to avoid gaps between adjacent sheets, the sheets are attached to each other, such as lined or joined.
[0126]
According to another aspect of the invention, the barrier film is pre-molded or formed off-site to the intended location prior to laying the barrier film at the intended location, for example, a hole in the foundation of a house. . It is beneficial to pre-mold a barrier that encloses the entire foundation of the house by combining sheets of barrier material off-site and then transported and installed in the foundation hole. By combining the sheets off-site and forming them into a basic shape, it is possible to reduce the sheets from being torn or improperly covered so that gaps are formed.
[0127]
FIG. 22 shows a pre-formed barrier made of a multilayer polymer film. A pre-shaped barrier can be generated by laminating various pieces of the barrier. Preferably, the thermoplastic sheet used to laminate the various pieces of the barrier is the outer layer of the multilayer barrier. However, the barrier pieces can be formed into the desired sheet using other means such as overlapping the thermoplastic material pieces of neighboring barrier sheets. For example, the fragment takes a patch shape or a strip shape of a thermoplastic material. FIG. 23 shows a hole for the foundation that receives the pre-formed barrier shown in FIG.
[0128]
1mm²In an embodiment of the barrier film loaded with 2.75 μg per lambda dahalothrin, each mm of barrier film²Contains enough lambda cihalothrin to kill at least 24,000 individuals of R flavipes. Resistance to termites and other perforated pests is maintained by the barrier film, even when the barrier film has holes or tears. For example, in holes or tears of 2 mm or less, the termite insecticidal rate is increased because the R flavip comes into contact with the active ingredient when trying to pass through the hole.
[0129]
Not all embodiments of the invention provide all the advantages described above. Further, examination of this specification may reveal further advantages of the present invention.
[0130]
Example
The following examples are intended to illustrate the various aspects of the description and the present invention. As such, these examples are provided solely for implementation and do not limit the invention in any way.
[0131]
Example 1
An experiment was conducted to determine the release rate of chlorpyrifos. The pesticide loading was either 5% or 10% by weight depending on the polymer. Release rates were determined at 50 ° C. for all devices.
[0132]
Polymers evaluated include low solubility polyethylene, polyurethane, two epoxies, silicone rubber, high wax, low solubility polyethylene to reduce thermal degradation of chlorpyrifos. According to this study, the thermal decomposition of chlorpyrifos occurred frequently at temperatures above about 240 ° C. Thus, polymer selection was limited to formulations that did not require heat treatment at high temperatures.
[0133]
Table 1 summarizes the results obtained from these studies. In summary, the polymer's compatibility with chlorpyrifos is not a problem in the applied filling factor. When the polyurethane polymer was used, the physical integrity was slightly impaired, but no visible degradation was observed at 50 ° C. for other polymer systems. The release rate is 10 μg / cm of silicon rubber.²/ Day to epoxy B 0.3 μg / cm²/ Day range.
[0134]
The data shown in Table 1 can be used to estimate the product life. For a 0.5 g device with 10% loading, 50 mg of chlorpyrifos can be released. Therefore, the area is 4cm²1 μg / cm²In a polymer system with a release rate per day there is enough insecticide for 30 years at high temperatures. These calculations can produce a variety of pesticide products.

[0135]
Example 2
A polymer system similar to Example 1 was examined using 80% pure pyrethrin. The release rate at 40 ° C. is shown in Table 2.

[0136]
The release rate was highest for urethane and silicone and lowest for epoxy. Release rates vary and appropriate binders need to be evaluated.
[0137]
From the data shown in Table 2, a simple calculation can be used to determine the possible lifetime of the pesticide system. As mentioned in Example 1, there are a number of variables that can change the lifetime of the exclusion zone.
[0138]
Example 3
A sustained release device was made and the release rate was tested. All thermoplastic polymers are 10% pesticide, 3 or 7% carbon black to absorb liquid pesticides, 83-87% by weight, injection molded into 1/8 inch thick sheets It is prescribed with. Specifically, a device made from a thermoplastic polymer, deltamethrin and lambda cihalothrin contains 3% carbon black. The device made from the remaining pesticide and thermoplastic polymer contains 7% carbon black.
[0139]
Devices made from S-113 urethane (thermosetting polymer) were made from a polymer mixture containing, by weight, 60% S-113, 40% castor oil, and 5% TIPA catalyst. This polymer mixture represents 90% of the total device weight. Pesticides and deltamethrin account for the remaining 10% of the device. This device did not use carbon black. The polymer / pesticidal mixture was cast into 1/8 inch thick sheets and heated at about 60 ° C. for 40-60 minutes to cure the cast sheets.
[0140]
One inch squares were cut from this injection molded or cast thin sheet and tested for release rate. The release rate shown below was obtained.

[0141]
Example 4
An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of lambda cihalothrin (pyretroid) concentration and insecticide / polymer combination on the rate of insecticide release from the polymer. A summary of the data is shown in Table 4.

[0142]
Example 5
An experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the exclusion zone against termites. Two types of termites were selected and used for testing, the most common Eastern subterranean termites and the most active formozan subterranean termites.
[0143]
The test container was made by assembling a glass container. Lay down the bottom of the container. A polymer impregnated with a pesticide was placed on the top of the picket so that there was no path or gap from the top of the polymer to the top. A non-nutritive auger was placed on a polymer soaked with insecticide. The surface of the auger was set to 0 data, and a polymer soaked with an insecticide was placed 5 cm below the surface of the auger. Termites were placed on the surface of the auger and the progress through the auger to the polymer soaked with insecticide was recorded daily.
[0144]
Table 5 shows combinations of polymers impregnated with insecticides.

[0145]
Controls that did not include pyrethroids in the polymer barrier were also used. The results are shown in FIGS. 25 and 26. In all controls, termites breached the polymer and reached it all. The arrival speed through ethyl vinyl acetate was slower than that of polyethylene. The polymer impregnated with all the insecticides did not penetrate. Formozan subterranian termite is so active that it comes closer to polymers impregnated with pesticides than the relatively mature Eastern subterranian termite. In fact, polyethylene containing permethrin was followed by Formozan termite's chin, but never pierced or penetrated. After 12 to 14 days, even Fomozan Termite was reduced in activity by the release of the insecticide and withdrew from the polymer soaked with the insecticide.
[0146]
Example 6
An experiment was conducted to show the effect on the release rate of the bound carrier. The active chemicals are 5% by weight with tefluthrin and lambda cihalothrin, the binding carriers are 0% and 10% by weight with carbon black and include balanced high density polyethylene (MA778-000). The release rate was measured 6 weeks after manufacture, and the samples were wiped weekly to remove the released active chemicals deposited on the surface.
[0147]
The results are shown in Table 6 below.

[0148]
Example 7
This example shows one method for making a premix that is later used in making the active layer (ie, pesticide release layer) of the barrier of the present invention.
[0149]
Low density polyethylene (PE XU59400 or PE XU59400.00 from Dow Chemical Company) is ground at low temperature to a granulate with a particle size of about 35 mesh. The polyethylene particles are then mixed with Lamp Black Carbon (General Carbon Company Lamp Black Super Fine # 6) in a Marion type paddle until the carbon is diffused throughout the polyethylene into a dry, smooth, uniform mixture. Match. The syngenta ink lambda cihalothrin is then added to the mixture in a melted spray in a mixer operating at an internal bulk temperature of 50 ° C. After the addition of lambda cihalothrin, stirring by the mixer is continued to make a uniform mixture. The premix comprises about 3.2% by weight lambda cihalothrin, about 4% by weight lamp black carbon, and about 92.8% by weight low density polyethylene. In order to reduce moisture, the premix may be placed in a forced exhaust oven at about 60-70 ° C.
[0150]
Example 8
A uniform premix having about 10.0 wt% lambda cihalothrin and about 11.3 wt% lamp black carbon is made by the procedure described in Example 7.
[0151]
Example 9
A premix is made as described in Example 8. However, dissolved lambda cihalothrin is added to the lamp black carbon as a first step, and then the mixture is mixed well to form a uniform mixed powder. The ground low density polyethylene is then added and further agitation is continued until an evenly distributed dry free-flowing mixture is obtained.
[0152]
Example 10
Using the procedure described in Example 7 using about 7.9 wt% gas black carbon (Degussa Corporation Color Black FW200) and about 9.5 wt% lambda cihalothrin. To make a premix. However, to stir the material, an Erich type mixer using a high-speed stirrer is used.
[0153]
Example 11
Make a premix as in Examples 7, 8, and 10, but do not dry. The premix is dissolved and injected into a string, and the string is cut into pellets.
[0154]
Example 12
Using the procedure described in Example 7, about 7% by weight lambda cihalothrin, about 5% by weight conductive grade carbon black (Cabot Corporation's Vulcan® XC72R) and low density polyethylene (Nova A premix with a balance of Novapol® LC-0522-A from Chemicals Canada Limited.
[0155]
Example 13
The premix prepared in Example 12 is injection cast to form a thin disk. The cast disc is cut into pieces using a rotary knife leg grinder.
[0156]
Example 14
The procedure described in Example 7 is used to make a premix having about 6% by weight lambda cihalothrin and about 94% by weight low density polyethylene. The resulting premix is sticky.
[0157]
Example 15
About 2% by weight of lambda cihalothrin (from Zeneca, Inc.), about 1% by weight of conductive grade carbon black (Cabot Corporation's Vulcan® XC72R), high A sheet with a uniform component of density polyethylene (Microthene® MA77800 from Quantum Chemical Company) is made.
[0158]
As a first step, carbon black is dried in a forced exhaust oven at 105 ° C. for 12 hours or until a constant weight is achieved. The dried carbon black was mixed with high density polyethylene powder of approximately the same weight in a Hobart industrial dough mixer and stirred thoroughly. Then, with continued stirring, slowly dissolve lambda cihalothrin about twice the weight of carbon black into the mixture. The mixture is further mixed with a sufficient amount of high density polyethylene to reduce the concentration of lambda cihalothrin in the mixture to about 2% by weight.
[0159]
The resulting mixture is melt injected at about 290 ° C. and cast into a single layer film about 0.03 inches (30 mils) thick.
[0160]
Example 16
The procedure described in Example 15 was followed by about 2% by weight of lambda cihalothrin, about 1% by weight of conductive grade carbon black (eg, Cabot Corporation's Vulcan® SC72R) and high density polyethylene ( And a balance of Quantum Chemical Company Microsen® MA77800).
[0161]
Example 17
The procedure described in Example 15 includes a balance of about 5 wt% teflutrin, about 2.5 wt% carbon black, and high density polyethylene (Quantum Chemical Company Microsen® MA77800). Make a sheet.
[0162]
Example 18
The procedure described in Example 15 is used to make a sheet containing about 5% by weight teflutrin, about 2.5% by weight carbon black, and a balance of ethylene vinyl copolymer (EVA 763 from Quantum Chemical Company).
[0163]
Example 19
A procedure comprising the procedure described in Example 15 and comprising a balance of about 10% by weight teflutrin, about 5% by weight carbon black and a high density polyethylene (Quantum Chemical Company Microsen® MA77800). create.
[0164]
Example 20
The procedure described in Example 15 is used to produce a sheet comprising about 10% by weight teflutrin, about 5% by weight carbon black, and a balance of ethylene vinyl copolymer (EVA 763 from Quantum Chemical Company).
[0165]
Example 21
The procedure described in Example 15 is used to make a sheet containing about 10% by weight permethrin, about 5% by weight carbon black, and a balance of ethylene vinyl copolymer (EVA 763 from Quantum Chemical Company).
[0166]
Example 22
In accordance with the procedure described in Example 15, a sheet comprising about 10% by weight permethrin, about 5% by weight carbon black, and a balance of high density polyethylene (Quantum Chemical Company Microsen® MA77800). create.
[0167]
Example 23
The procedure described in Example 15 was followed by about 1% by weight lambda cihalothrin, about 0.73% by weight carbon black (Degussa Corporation's Special Black 6) and low density polyethylene (Nova Chemicals). A sheet containing a balance of Novapol® LC-0522-A (Canada Limited), but with a melt injection process at about 130 ° C. and a cast sheet thickness of about 0.002 inches (2 Mill).
[0168]
Example 24
A sheet is made according to the procedure described in Example 23, but with a lambda cihalothrin concentration of about 5% by weight and a carbon black concentration of about 3.6% by weight.
[0169]
Example 25
A sheet is made according to the procedure described in Example 23, but with a lambda cihalothrin concentration of about 10 wt% and a carbon black concentration of about 7.3 wt%.
[0170]
Example 26
Sheets are made based on Examples 23, 24, and 25. These sheets are sealed on both sides with Saranex (registered trademark) 14 film (manufactured by Dow Chemical Company) by hot pressing.
[0171]
Example 27
The procedure described in Example 15 was followed by about 7.9 wt% gas black carbon (Degussa Corporation Color Black FW200), about 9.5 wt% lambda cihalothrin, and low density polyethylene (Dow Chemicals). Sheets with a balance of company PE XU59400 or PE XU59400.00) are made, but the melt injection process is performed at about 150 ° C., and the cast sheet thickness is about 0.002 inches (2 mils).
[0172]
Example 28
Two layers of Saranex® 14 are combined by melt injection / stratification to form a sheet. The tie layer consists of a mixture of components as described in Example 26. As a first step, the components of the tie layer are made as a powdery premix. Then, the premix is directly melt-injected between two layers of Saranex (registered trademark) 14 at about 150 ° C.
[0173]
Example 29
In this example, a method of making an 8-layer sheet will be described. The components of each layer of the sheet are shown below.
Layer description
1 Black resin (Colortech, Colortech No. 20413-19), injection coating grade polyolefin plastomer (Affinity (registered trademark) PT1450 manufactured by Dow Chemical Company), low density polyethylene ( Nova Chemicals Canada Limited's Novapol® LC-0522-A) and a new generation resin (NGR) of about 0.001 inch (1 mil) thickness (Fabrene, Inc.). Stuff) layer;
2 About 0.002 inch (2 mil) thick Saranex® 14 consisting of vinylidene chloride resin / vinyl chloride copolymer, low density polyethylene, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, and silicon dioxide. (Dow Chemical Company) layer;
3 NGR layer as described above;
4 High Density Polyethylene (Nova Chemicals Corporation's Screa (R) HDPE No. 99G) and carbon black resin (Kabat Corporation Plus Black (R) PE 1371), 0.004 inch A scrim layer of a scrim (fabrine ink) having a thickness of (4 mils);
5 Low density polyethylene (Novapol® LC-Nova Chemicals Canada Limited) containing about 0.001 inch (1 mil) thick black resin (Colortech Inc. Colortech No. 20413-19) 0522-A);
6 Gas black carbon (Degussa Corporation Color Black FW200), Lambda Cihalothrin and Low Density Polyethylene (Dow Chemical Company PE XU59400 or PE XU59400.00), about 0.002 inch (2 Mill) thick active ingredient layer;
7 14-layer Saranex (registered trademark) as described above
8 NGR layer as described above
[0174]
The 8-layer sheet forms a layer 1-2 composite by bonding the NGR layer (layer 1) to the sheet of Saranex® 14 (layer 2) using an injection coating process. The next NGR layer (layer 3) is dissolved and injected to bond the layer 1-2 composite to the scrim (layer 4) sheet to form the layer 1-2-3 composite. The first outer layer is formed by adding low density polyethylene (layer 5) to the layer 1-2-3 composite by injection coating.
[0175]
Layer 7-8 composites are made by adding an NGR layer (Layer 8) to a sheet of Saranex® 14 layer (Layer 7) by injection coating.
[0176]
The procedure of Example 10 is used to make a premix containing about 7.9% by weight gas black carbon, 9.5% by weight lambda cihalothrin, and a balance of low density polyethylene. The premix is formed into active ingredient pellets by the procedure of Example 11. The active ingredient pellets are mixed with low density polyethylene pellets (PE XU59400 or PE XU59400.00 from Dow Chemical Company) in a ratio of about 2: 1 and about 6 weights of lambda cihalothrin in the pellet mixture. %.
[0177]
The pellet mixture is placed in an injector and melt injection bonded to the first outer layer (ie, layers 112, 116, 120, 122, 126) and the second outer layer (ie, layers 118 and 114). A 014 inch (14 mil) thick multilayer laminate sheet is formed, wherein the concentration of lambda cihalothrin in the formed laminate sheet is about 0.9% by weight.
[0178]
Example 30
A sheet is made according to the procedure of Example 29 except that the active layer is about 4% by weight gas black carbon (Degussa Corporation Color Black FW200), about 4.7% by weight lambda cihalothrin, and low density polyethylene (Dow). -Chemical Company PE XU59400 or PE XU59400 or PE XU59400.00). The concentration of lambda cihalothrin in the laminated sheet formed is about 0.5% by weight.
[0179]
Example 31-37
Make a sheet from a premix of lamp black carbon (Lamp Black Superfine # 6 from General Carbon Company), lambda cihalothrin, and low density polyethylene (PE XU59400 or PE XU59400.00 from Dow Chemical Company) . The sheet is made into a laminated sheet using generally the procedure of Example 29, but the final concentration of lambda cihalothrin in the formed laminated sheet is as shown in Table 7 below.

[0180]
Example 38
A six-layer sheet having the following configuration is formed as follows.
Layer description
1 Black resin (Colortech Ink Colortech No. 20413-19), injection coating grade polyolefin plastomer (Affinity (registered trademark) PT1450 manufactured by Dow Chemical Company), and low density polyethylene (Nova Chemicals) A new generation resin (NGR) (of Fabrine Inc.) layer consisting of Novapol® LC-0522-A from Canada Limited;
2 Saranex (registered trademark) 14 (manufactured by Dow Chemical Company) layer comprising vinylidene chloride resin / vinyl chloride copolymer, low density polyethylene, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, and silicon dioxide;
3 A scrim layer made of high density polyethylene (Screa® HDPE No. 99G from Nova Chemicals Corporation);
4 Active ingredient layer consisting of 0.91 wt% lambda cihalothrin, 0.95 wt% Lamp black # 6, and 22 wt5 LDPE resin in 85 wt% technical solution;
5 14 layers of Saranex® as described above;
6 NGR layer as described above;
[0181]
The 6-layer sheet was used in the United States Forest Service (USFS) concrete slab process. The concrete slab method mimics a cast concrete foundation. To make a test plot, leaves and dust were removed so that 24 inches of soil were exposed. A 21-inch square timber frame made of 1-inch square spruce strips was placed in the center of the exposed soil area and dug over the treated soil with a 2-inch deep, 2-way triangular groove. The PVC pipe was capped so as not to lose moisture and to eliminate in advance the effects of rain and sunlight on termite killers.
[0182]
The results of field tests on concrete slabs at the following points are shown in Table 8 below.

As shown in Table 8, none of the plots treated with the 6-layer sheet was invaded by termites.
[0183]
While the invention has been described in terms of one or more specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Each embodiment and variation within the spirit of the invention is intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.
[Brief description of the drawings]
[Figure 1]
FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the present invention, comprising a spunbond polymer sheeting and a physically solution-bonded polymer and insecticide mixture, wherein the polymer and insecticide mixture is a polymer sheeting. It is connected to be scattered.
[Figure 2]
FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, comprising a spunbond polymer sheeting and a physically solution-bonded polymer and insecticide mixture, wherein the polymer and insecticide mixture is a polymer sheeting. Combined in stripes.
[Fig. 3]
FIG. 3 shows a first approach using the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and the exclusion zone formed by the release of insecticide.
[Fig. 4]
FIG. 4 shows a second approach using the first and second embodiments of the present invention to form an exclusion zone.
[Figure 5]
FIG. 5 illustrates a third approach using the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 to form an exclusion zone.
[Fig. 6]
FIG. 6 shows a third embodiment of the present invention and shows the shape of a cylindrical extruded product.
[Fig. 7]
FIG. 7 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention and shows the shape of a striped extruded product.
[Fig. 8]
FIG. 8 illustrates a technique for forming an exclusion zone using the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG.
FIG. 9
FIG. 9 illustrates a technique for using the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 7 to form an exclusion zone.
FIG. 10
FIG. 10 shows a pellet-like shape as another embodiment of the present invention, and the pellet is inserted into the soil near the wooden structure.
FIG. 11
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a pellet attached to the surface.
FIG.
FIG. 12 shows a case where pellets are attached to a concrete structure using foam.
FIG. 13
FIG. 13 shows a cross-sectional view of the concrete foundation after the foam has been applied.
FIG. 14
FIG. 14 shows the pellet placed on the plate.
FIG. 15
FIG. 15 shows a plate containing pellets attached to a concrete foundation.
FIG. 16
FIG. 16 shows hot melt injection.
FIG. 17
FIG. 17 shows hot melt injection intervals.
FIG. 18
FIG. 18 shows a plug fumigation cement block.
FIG. 19
FIG. 19 shows the plugging into the fumigation disinfecting cement block.
FIG. 20
FIG. 20 shows the laminated device of the present invention.
FIG. 21
FIG. 21 is a side cross-sectional view illustrating a layer of a multilayer barrier made in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 22
FIG. 22 is a perspective view of a pre-formed barrier made of a multilayer polymer film in another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 23
FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a preformed barrier made of a multilayer polymer film in another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 24
FIG. 24 is a side cross-sectional view showing a layer of a multilayer barrier made in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 25
FIG. 25 is a diagram showing repellency against Eastern Subterranean Termite.
FIG. 26
FIG. 26 is a diagram showing the repellent property against Formozan subterranian termite.

Claims (76)

At least one pesticide release layer;
A multi-layer barrier for pests, characterized by having at least one pesticide-holding layer that is located in parallel with the pesticide-release layer containing at least one pesticide and releases only a trace amount of pesticide. The multilayer barrier according to claim 1, wherein the pesticide-retaining layer includes Saranex®. The multilayer barrier according to claim 1, wherein two pesticide holding layers are located on both sides of the pesticide release layer. The multilayer barrier according to claim 1, wherein the pesticide retention layer is made of a polymer material, and the polymer material prevents the pesticide from being almost released from the barrier. The pesticide release layer is
A polymer matrix;
The multilayer barrier according to claim 1, comprising a pesticide in the matrix. The multilayer barrier according to claim 5, wherein the pesticide is selected from pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, isofenphos, fenvalerate, pyrethrin, and mixtures thereof. The pesticides include tefluthrin, permethrin, lambda cihalothrin, resmethrin, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin. , Chlorpyrifos, phenoxycarb, diazinon, dichlorphen, methylisothiocyanate, pentachlorophenol Tralomethrin (tralomethrin), chlorfenapyr (chlorfenapyr), fipronil (Fipronil), neonicotinoids, and multilayer barrier according to claim 5, characterized in that mixtures thereof. 6. The multilayer barrier of claim 5, wherein the pesticide is lambda cihalothrin. 6. The multilayer barrier of claim 5, wherein the polymer matrix is made from low density polyethylene. The multilayer barrier according to claim 5, wherein the polyethylene is linear low density polyethylene. The multilayer barrier according to claim 1, wherein the pesticide release layer has at least one bactericide release layer for preventing deterioration of the barrier due to bacteria. The multilayer barrier according to claim 1, wherein the pesticide retaining layer has at least one reinforcing / resistant layer for reinforcing the barrier and preventing perforation. The multilayer barrier of claim 12, wherein the reinforcing / resistant layer is made from a polymeric scrim. The multilayer barrier according to claim 13, wherein the strength / resistance layer is made of polyethylene. The multi-layer barrier according to claim 1, wherein the pesticide has termites, wood perforations, and has an effect on wood perforations. The multilayer barrier according to claim 1, wherein the barrier is molded so as to surround a region or a structure. The multilayer barrier according to claim 1, wherein a release rate of the pesticide from the barrier is lower than 0.4 µg / cm ² / day. The multilayer barrier according to claim 5, wherein the matrix includes a polymer, and further includes a carrier that adjusts a release rate of the pesticide from the matrix. A method of making a premix of an active layer of a barrier film used to prevent wood worms from reaching an area or structure containing wood,
(A) mixing carbon black with a polymer to form a mixture;
(B) adding one or more liquid agrochemicals to form a fragile premix. A barrier film used to prevent wood worms from reaching an area or a structure containing wood,
A first layer containing a protective resin;
A second layer containing a pesticide-holding material that almost prevents the pesticide from passing through;
A third layer containing a protective resin;
A fourth layer comprising a reinforcement / perforation prevention film;
A fifth layer comprising a binding polymer;
A sixth layer having a polymer matrix comprising carbon black and one or more pesticides;
A seventh layer having the pesticide-holding material;
An eighth layer made of a protective resin, the release rate of the agricultural chemical from the sixth layer to the other layer is higher than the release rate of the agricultural chemical from the barrier film, from the barrier film itself, A barrier film characterized by almost no release of pesticides. The barrier film according to claim 20, wherein the protective resin includes a mixture of polyolefin plastomer, concentrated pigment, and polyethylene. The barrier film according to claim 20, wherein the protective resin prevents ultraviolet rays to the barrier. The barrier film according to claim 20, wherein the pesticide-holding material substantially prevents release of the pesticide from the barrier film. 21. The barrier film according to claim 20, wherein the materials of the second and seventh layers have a melting point exceeding about 143 [deg.] C., and are not biologically deteriorated or light deteriorated. The barrier film according to claim 20, wherein the pesticide-holding material of the second and seventh layers includes Saranex (registered trademark) 14. The Saranex® 14 is composed of low-density polyethylene, vinylidene chloride resin / vinyl chloride copolymer (for example, Saran), ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, and silicon dioxide. The barrier film according to claim 25. The barrier film according to claim 20, wherein the resin of the third layer contains a mixture of polyolefin plastomer, concentrated pigment, and polyethylene. The barrier film according to claim 20, wherein the fourth layer is made of a high-density polyethylene woven fabric. The barrier film of claim 20, wherein the fifth layer comprises low density polyethylene having a melting point of about 165 ° C. The barrier film according to claim 20, wherein the carbon black of the sixth layer is lamp black. The barrier film according to claim 20, wherein the polymer matrix of the sixth layer includes low density polyethylene. The barrier film of claim 20, wherein the polymer matrix of the sixth layer comprises metallocene-catalyzed low density polyethylene. The barrier film of claim 31, wherein the low density polyethylene has a melting point of about 80 ° C. 21. The barrier film of claim 20, wherein at least one of the pesticides of the sixth layer is in an amount that does not run out in less than about 10 years. 21. The barrier film according to claim 20, wherein at least one of the pesticides in the sixth layer is in an amount of at least 5% by weight of the sixth layer. 21. The barrier film according to claim 20, wherein at least one of the pesticides in the sixth layer is in an amount of at least 10% by weight of the sixth layer. 21. The barrier film according to claim 20, wherein at least one of the pesticides in the sixth layer is lambda cihalothrin. 38. The barrier film of claim 37, wherein the lamdacyhalothrin of the sixth layer is included at least about 2.75 g per 1 m < ² > of the barrier film. The barrier film according to claim 20, wherein at least one of the pesticides in the sixth layer is a low-volatile bioactive chemical substance. At least one of the pesticides of the sixth layer is pyrethroid, isofenphos, fenvalerate, cypermethrin, pyrethrin, phenoxy curve, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dichlorfen, methylisothiocanate, pentachlorophenol, tralomethrin, and these 21. The barrier film according to claim 20, wherein the barrier film is selected from the group consisting of: At least one of the pesticides of the sixth layer is teflutrin, permethrin, lambda cihalothrin, resmethrin, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, ciphenothrin, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos, phenoxycurve, diazinon, dichlorfen, methylisothiocanate 21. The barrier film of claim 20, wherein the barrier film is selected from the group consisting of: chloropentaphenol, tralomethrin, chlorfenapyr, fipronil, neonicotinoid, and mixtures thereof. At least one of the pesticides of the sixth layer includes thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, imidacloprid, clothianidin, acetamiprid, a thiacloprid group, and a thiacloprid group. The barrier film according to claim 20, wherein the barrier film is selected from the following. The sixth layer is prepared by mixing the pesticide and the carbon black to form a fragile binding mixture, and adding the fragile binding mixture to the polymer matrix. Item 20. The barrier film according to Item 20. The barrier film according to claim 20, wherein the sixth layer includes at least one pesticide mixed with at least one fungicide. The bactericides include trichloronitromethane, a mixture of methyl isothiocyanate and 1,3-dichloropropane, sodium N-methyldithiolate, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,9- 45. The barrier film of claim 44, wherein the barrier film is selected from benzoquinone, calcium cyanamide, biphenyl, copper naphthenate, dichlorofen, fentin hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 21. The barrier film of claim 20, wherein the polymer matrix is about 77% by weight of the sixth layer, and the sixth layer is about 23% by weight of the barrier film. 21. The barrier film according to claim 20, wherein the carbon black is about 11% by weight of the sixth layer. The barrier film according to claim 20, wherein the polymer matrix is hydrophobic. The barrier film of claim 20, wherein the barrier film is about 0.010 inches to about 0.030 inches thick. A barrier film used to prevent wood worms from reaching an area or a structure containing wood,
A first layer comprising a polyolefin plastomer, a concentrated dye, and a protective resin comprising a mixture of polyethylene;
A second layer containing a pesticide-holding material that almost prevents the pesticide from passing through;
A third layer comprising a protective resin comprising a mixture of a polyolefin plastomer, a concentrated dye, and polyethylene;
A fourth layer comprising a reinforcement / perforation prevention film comprising high density polyethylene;
A fifth layer comprising low density polyethylene;
A sixth layer having a polymer matrix comprising carbon black and one or more pesticides;
A seventh layer having the pesticide-holding material;
An eighth layer made of a protective resin containing a mixture of polyolefin plastomer, concentrated pigment and polyethylene, and the release rate of the pesticide from the sixth layer to the other layer is A barrier film characterized by being higher than the release rate and hardly releasing the pesticide from the barrier film itself. The barrier film according to claim 50, wherein the pesticide-holding material includes Saranex (registered trademark) 14. 51. The barrier film according to claim 50, wherein the carbon black is lamp black. A method for making a barrier film,
Mixing carbon black with polymer particles to make a mixture;
A step of adding one or more liquid pesticides to make a mixture and maintaining a temperature lower than the temperature at which the pesticide decomposes and higher than the melting point of the pesticide,
Dissolving and injecting the premix to form a thin active layer;
First and second protective resins, a multilayer film, low density polyethylene, and a step of injecting a premix along the scrim to form an eight-layer barrier film,
The first layer includes a first protective resin,
The second layer includes a pesticide protective film that substantially prevents the pesticide from passing through,
The third layer includes a second protective resin,
The fourth layer includes a scrim,
The fifth layer comprises low density polyethylene;
The sixth layer includes an active layer comprising a polymer matrix of the sixth layer, carbon black, and a mixture of one or more pesticides,
The seventh layer includes the agrochemical protective film,
The eighth layer includes a first protective resin, and the release rate of the agricultural chemical from the sixth layer to the other layer is higher than the release rate of the agricultural chemical from the barrier film. A method characterized by being hardly released. 54. The barrier film according to claim 53, wherein the pesticide-holding film includes Saranex (registered trademark) 14. 54. The barrier film according to claim 53, wherein the carbon black is lamp black. 54. The barrier film according to claim 53, wherein the carbon black is gas black. A polymer matrix comprising a pesticide and a carrier, wherein the matrix and the carrier include a matrix that controls the release of the pesticide from the matrix; and at least one pesticide release layer;
A multi-layer barrier for pests, comprising two pesticide holding layers located on both sides of the pesticide release layer and containing at least one pesticide and releasing only a trace amount of pesticide. 58. The barrier film according to claim 57, wherein the pesticide retaining layer contains Saranex (registered trademark). 58. The multilayer barrier of claim 57, wherein the pesticide retention layer is made from a polymer matrix that prevents the pesticide from being substantially released from the barrier. 58. The multilayer barrier of claim 57, wherein the pesticide retention layer has a thickness of about 0.001 to about 0.005 inches. 58. The multilayer barrier of claim 57, wherein the pesticide is selected from pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, isofenphos, fenvalerate, pyrethrins, and mixtures thereof. The pesticides include tefluthrin, permethrin, lambda cihalothrin, resmethrin, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, ciphenothrin, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos, phenoxy curve, diazinon, dichlorfen, methylisothiocanate, pentachlorophenol, tralomethrin, chlorphenapyr, 58. The multilayer barrier of claim 57, selected from fipronil, neonicotinoid, and mixtures thereof. 58. The multilayer barrier of claim 57, wherein the pesticide is selected from thiamethoxane, nightenpyran, imidacloprid, clothianidin, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, and mixtures thereof. 58. The multilayer barrier of claim 57, wherein the pesticide is lambda cihalothrin. 58. The multilayer barrier of claim 57, wherein the polymer matrix is made from low density polyethylene. 66. The multilayer barrier of claim 65, wherein the polyethylene is a linear low density polyethylene. 58. The multilayer barrier of claim 57, wherein the carrier is lamp black. 58. The multilayer barrier of claim 57, wherein the pesticide release layer has a thickness of about 0.001 to about 0.005 inches. The pesticide release layer is composed of trichloronitromethane, a mixture of methylisothiocyanate and 1,3-dichloropropane, sodium N-methyldithiolate, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,9-benzoquinone, calcium cyanamide, biphenyl 58. The multilayer barrier of claim 57, comprising at least one bactericidal agent selected from: naphthenic acid copper, dichlorofen, fentin hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. 58. The multilayer barrier according to claim 57, wherein the pesticide-holding layer has at least one bactericidal agent release layer for preventing deterioration of the barrier due to bacteria. 58. The multilayer barrier according to claim 57, wherein the pesticide-holding layer has at least one reinforcing / resistant layer for reinforcing the barrier and preventing perforation. 72. The multilayer barrier of claim 71, wherein the reinforcing / resistant layer is made from a polymeric scrim. 72. The multilayer barrier of claim 71, wherein the reinforcing / resistant layer is made from a high density polyethylene woven fabric. 58. The multilayer barrier of claim 57, wherein the barrier thickness is from about 0.010 to about 0.030 inches. 58. The multilayer barrier according to claim 57, further comprising at least one protective layer for protecting the barrier from ultraviolet rays and protecting the hermeticity of the barrier. 76. The multilayer barrier of claim 75, wherein the protective layer is made from a heat insulating polymer.

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