JP2005344060A - Flame-retardant composition having excellent heat resistance and withstand voltage characteristic and electric wire - Google Patents

Flame-retardant composition having excellent heat resistance and withstand voltage characteristic and electric wire Download PDF

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JP2005344060A
JP2005344060A JP2004167433A JP2004167433A JP2005344060A JP 2005344060 A JP2005344060 A JP 2005344060A JP 2004167433 A JP2004167433 A JP 2004167433A JP 2004167433 A JP2004167433 A JP 2004167433A JP 2005344060 A JP2005344060 A JP 2005344060A
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JP4754187B2 (en
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Takahiro Saito
孝博 濟藤
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Kurabe Industrial Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a flame-retardant composition having heat resistance and withstand voltage characteristics in good balance. <P>SOLUTION: The flame-retardant composition is obtained by mixing an olefin-based polymer with 10-150 parts wt. of a hydroxide of a metal element of the group 2 or 3, 2-50 parts wt. of an oxide of a metal element of the group 2 or 3 and 2-50 parts wt. of an inorganic substance having ion exchange function based on 100 parts wt. of the olefin-based polymer. The flame-retardant composition has ≤50 J/g heat of crystal fusion of the flame-retardant composition. The flame-retardant composition is obtained by mixing 100 parts wt. of the olefin-based polymer with 5-70 parts wt. of a halogen-based flame retardant. The electric wire is equipped with a coating composed of the flame-retardant composition and the flame-retardant composition is crosslinked. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、耐熱性と耐電圧特性をバランス良く兼ね備えた、例えば、電気機器内配線や自動車用ハーネスの絶縁体として好適な難燃性組成物と、該難燃性組成物からなる被覆を備えた電線に関する。   The present invention has a heat-resistant and voltage-resistant characteristic in a well-balanced manner, for example, a flame-retardant composition suitable as an insulator for electrical equipment wiring and automobile harness, and a coating made of the flame-retardant composition Related to electrical wires.

ポリエチレンやエチレン−プロピレンゴムなどのオレフィン系ポリマーは、安価で加工性も良いことより、従来から絶縁電線の絶縁体として広く使用されている。しかし、オレフィン系ポリマーは、それ自体が可燃性であるため、安全性、防火性の問題から難燃性を付与する必要がある。難燃性を付与する方法としては、例えば、難燃剤を添加する方法が一般的に採られているが、難燃剤などの添加剤を添加することにより、機械的強度や耐電圧特性を大幅に低下させてしまうことになる。そこで、例えば特許文献1や特許文献2などには、ポリエチレンやエチレン−プロピレンゴムなどの優れた耐電圧特性を有する非極性オレフィン系ポリマーと、エチレン−酢酸ビニルやエチレン−アクリル酸エチルなどの添加剤との親和性に優れた極性オレフィン系ポリマーを適切な比で混合することにより、難燃剤などの添加剤の添加による諸特性の低下を防ぐ方法が開示されている。 Olefin polymers such as polyethylene and ethylene-propylene rubber have been widely used as insulators for insulated wires since they are inexpensive and have good processability. However, since the olefin polymer itself is flammable, it is necessary to impart flame retardancy from the viewpoint of safety and fire resistance. As a method for imparting flame retardancy, for example, a method of adding a flame retardant is generally employed, but by adding an additive such as a flame retardant, mechanical strength and withstand voltage characteristics are greatly increased. It will be reduced. Therefore, for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 disclose nonpolar olefin polymers having excellent voltage resistance characteristics such as polyethylene and ethylene-propylene rubber, and additives such as ethylene-vinyl acetate and ethylene-ethyl acrylate. A method for preventing deterioration of various properties due to the addition of an additive such as a flame retardant is disclosed by mixing a polar olefin polymer having an excellent affinity with a suitable ratio.

又、近年では、高温雰囲気中での使用が可能な材料に対する要求が増加しており、難燃性組成物に高度の耐熱性を付与させることが課題となっている。そこで、例えば特許文献3や特許文献4などには、ハイドロタルサイト類と、酸化防止剤や金属不活性化剤などの添加剤を添加し、その相乗効果により耐熱性を向上させる方法が開示されている。 In recent years, the demand for materials that can be used in a high-temperature atmosphere has increased, and it has become a problem to impart high heat resistance to flame retardant compositions. Thus, for example, Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4 disclose a method of adding hydrotalcites and additives such as antioxidants and metal deactivators to improve heat resistance by synergistic effects thereof. ing.

特開平8−180737号公報JP-A-8-180737 特許第3092294号公報Japanese Patent No. 3092294 特開平5−214175号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-214175 特許第3289424号公報Japanese Patent No. 3289424

しかしながら、上記の特許文献1、特許文献2のように、特定のポリマーを選定することだけでは、機械的強度や耐電圧特性の低下を防止できても、耐熱性を向上させる効果は得られない。又、上記の特許文献3、特許文献4には、耐熱性を向上させる記載はあるものの、耐電圧特性について記載はなく、そもそも、ハイドロタルサイト類はアニオン層とカチオン層とのイオン結合による結晶であり、又、結晶内に結晶水を含有しているため、耐電圧特性を低下させるものであるし、上記したような添加剤も、高度な耐熱性を発現するために多量添加すると、分散性や分子構造上の問題より耐電圧特性を低下させるものである。更に、ハイドロタルサイト類や上記した添加剤を添加すると、機械的強度についても低下させる傾向にある。このように、従来の技術では耐熱性と耐電圧特性をバランス良く兼ね備えた難燃性組成物を得ることが困難であった。 However, as in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 described above, the effect of improving the heat resistance cannot be obtained only by selecting a specific polymer, even if the mechanical strength and the withstand voltage characteristics can be prevented from being lowered. . In addition, although Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4 have a description for improving heat resistance, there is no description on withstand voltage characteristics. In the first place, hydrotalcite is a crystal formed by ionic bond between an anion layer and a cation layer. In addition, since the crystal water is contained in the crystal, the withstand voltage characteristic is deteriorated, and when the additive as described above is added in a large amount in order to express high heat resistance, The withstand voltage characteristics are lowered due to problems in the properties and molecular structure. Furthermore, when hydrotalcites or the above-mentioned additives are added, the mechanical strength tends to be lowered. Thus, it has been difficult to obtain a flame retardant composition having both heat resistance and withstand voltage characteristics in a well-balanced manner with the conventional technology.

本発明はこのような従来技術の問題点を解決するためになされたもので、その目的とするところは、耐熱性と耐電圧特性をバランス良く兼ね備えた難燃性組成物を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made to solve such problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a flame retardant composition having a good balance of heat resistance and withstand voltage characteristics. .

上記目的を達成するべく、本発明の請求項1による難燃性組成物は、オレフィン系ポリマーと、該オレフィン系ポリマー100重量部に対し、2族又は3族の金属元素の水酸化物10〜150重量部と、2族又は3族の金属元素の酸化物2〜50重量部と、イオン交換機能を有する無機物2〜50重量部とを配合する難燃性組成物を特徴とするものである。
又、請求項2による難燃性組成物は、請求項1記載の難燃性組成物において、上記難燃性組成物の結晶融解熱量が、50J/g以下であることを特徴とするものである。
又、請求項3による難燃性組成物は、請求項1又は請求項2記載の難燃性組成物において、上記オレフィン系ポリマー100重量部に対し、ハロゲン系難燃剤5〜70重量部を更に配合することを特徴とするものである。
又、請求項4による電線は、請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項記載の難燃性組成物からなる被覆を備えているとともに、該難燃性組成物が架橋されていることを特徴とするものである。
In order to achieve the above object, a flame retardant composition according to claim 1 of the present invention comprises an olefin polymer and a hydroxide of a group 2 or group 3 metal element with respect to 100 parts by weight of the olefin polymer. It is characterized by a flame retardant composition comprising 150 parts by weight, 2 to 50 parts by weight of an oxide of a metal element belonging to Group 2 or 3 and 2 to 50 parts by weight of an inorganic substance having an ion exchange function. .
The flame retardant composition according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in the flame retardant composition according to claim 1, the heat of crystal fusion of the flame retardant composition is 50 J / g or less. is there.
Further, the flame retardant composition according to claim 3 is the flame retardant composition according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising 5 to 70 parts by weight of a halogen flame retardant with respect to 100 parts by weight of the olefin polymer. It is characterized by blending.
An electric wire according to claim 4 is provided with a coating made of the flame retardant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and the flame retardant composition is cross-linked. It is a feature.

本発明による難燃性組成物は、オレフィン系ポリマーに、2族又は3族の金属元素の酸化物と、イオン交換機能を有する無機物とを併用し、特定量配合することにより、優れた耐熱性を得ることができる。この効果はハロゲン系の添加剤が添加されている場合に、より一層高い効果を発現する。更に、2族又は3族の金属元素の水酸化物を特定量配合することにより、耐電圧特性を向上させ、上記2族又は3族の金属元素の酸化物やイオン交換機能を有する無機物、あるいは、他の添加剤等を添加したとしても、耐電圧特性の低下を抑えることができる。このように本発明によれば、耐熱性と耐電圧特性をバランス良く兼ね備えた難燃性組成物を得ることができる。
又、上記難燃性組成物の結晶融解熱量を50J/g以下とすることで、柔軟性を向上させることができるため、可撓性が要求される用途に適した難燃性組成物を得ることができる。
又、ハロゲン系難燃剤5〜70重量部を更に加えることで、より高度な難燃性を持つ難燃性組成物を得ることができる。そのため、この難燃性組成物は、例えばUL規格に規定されたVW−1垂直燃焼試験適合品が要求される絶縁電線の被覆材などとして好適である。
The flame retardant composition according to the present invention has excellent heat resistance by combining a specific amount of an oxide of a group 2 or 3 metal element and an inorganic substance having an ion exchange function in an olefin polymer. Can be obtained. This effect is even higher when a halogen-based additive is added. Further, by adding a specific amount of a hydroxide of a group 2 or group 3 metal element, the withstand voltage characteristics are improved, and an oxide or ion exchange function of the group 2 or group 3 metal element, or Even if other additives and the like are added, it is possible to suppress a decrease in withstand voltage characteristics. Thus, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a flame retardant composition having a good balance between heat resistance and withstand voltage characteristics.
Moreover, since the softness | flexibility can be improved because the crystal melting heat amount of the said flame-retardant composition shall be 50 J / g or less, the flame-retardant composition suitable for the use for which flexibility is required is obtained. be able to.
Moreover, the flame retardant composition which has higher flame retardance can be obtained by further adding 5-70 weight part of halogenated flame retardants. Therefore, this flame retardant composition is suitable as a covering material for insulated wires, for example, which requires a VW-1 vertical combustion test conformity specified in UL standards.

以下、本発明の難燃性組成物を構成する各成分について説明する。   Hereinafter, each component which comprises the flame-retardant composition of this invention is demonstrated.

(a)オレフィン系ポリマー
本発明で使用されるオレフィン系ポリマーとしては、例えば、ポリエチレンや、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレンメチルアクリレート共重合体、エチレンエチルアクリレート共重合体、エチレンメチルメタクリレート共重合体、エチレン−αオレフィン共重合体、エチレンプロピレンゴムなどが挙げられる。αオレフィンとしては、1−ヘキセン、1−ブテン、4−メチル−1−ペンテンなどが挙げられる。これらは単独で用いても、複数を混合して用いても構わない。これらの中でも、ポリエチレンやエチレンプロピレンゴムのような非極性オレフィン系ポリマーを含有していることが好ましい。このような非極性オレフィン系ポリマーを含有していれば、ベースポリマー自体による耐電圧特性の低下を抑えることができるため、難燃性組成物の耐電圧特性を向上させることができる。
(A) Olefin polymer
Examples of the olefin polymer used in the present invention include polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene ethyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene methyl methacrylate copolymer, and ethylene-α olefin copolymer. Examples thereof include polymers and ethylene propylene rubber. Examples of the α olefin include 1-hexene, 1-butene, 4-methyl-1-pentene and the like. These may be used alone or in combination. Among these, it is preferable to contain a nonpolar olefin polymer such as polyethylene or ethylene propylene rubber. If such a non-polar olefin polymer is contained, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the withstand voltage characteristics due to the base polymer itself, so that the withstand voltage characteristics of the flame retardant composition can be improved.

(b)2族又は3族の金属元素の水酸化物
本発明においては、絶縁性フィラーとしての作用により耐電圧特性を向上させることを目的として、2族又は3族の金属元素の水酸化物を配合する。2族又は3族の金属元素の水酸化物としては、例えば、水酸化マグネシウム、水酸化カルシウム、水酸化バリウム、水酸化アルミニウムなどが挙げられる。これらは単独で用いても複数を混合して用いても構わない。これらの中でも、水酸化マグネシウムや水酸化アルミニウムは、難燃性組成物の難燃性向上に大きく寄与するとともに、多量の配合を行った場合においても耐熱性の低下が少ないため好ましい。又、水酸化マグネシウムや水酸化カルシウムのなどのように受酸剤として作用する水酸化物は、適量を配合した際には耐熱性を向上させるため好ましい。又、2族又は3族の金属元素の水酸化物としては、粒径が細かく、粒形が均一であるほうが、耐電圧特性を向上させる効果が高いため好ましい。
(B) Group 2 or Group 3 Metal Element Hydroxide In the present invention, a Group 2 or Group 3 metal element hydroxide is used for the purpose of improving withstand voltage characteristics by the action as an insulating filler. Is blended. Examples of the hydroxide of the group 2 or group 3 metal element include magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide. These may be used alone or in combination. Among these, magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide are preferable because they greatly contribute to the improvement of the flame retardancy of the flame retardant composition, and even when a large amount is blended, there is little decrease in heat resistance. Further, a hydroxide that acts as an acid acceptor, such as magnesium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, is preferable because it improves heat resistance when an appropriate amount is blended. Further, as the hydroxide of the metal element of Group 2 or Group 3, it is preferable that the particle size is fine and the particle shape is uniform because the effect of improving the withstand voltage characteristic is high.

上記した2族又は3族の金属元素の水酸化物は、オレフィン系ポリマー100重量部に対し、10〜150重量部配合する。水酸化物の配合量が10重量部未満では、絶縁性フィラーとして耐電圧特性を向上させる効果が不十分であり、又、150重量部を超えると、機械的強度や耐熱性が低下してしまう。   The above-mentioned group 2 or group 3 metal element hydroxide is blended in an amount of 10 to 150 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the olefin polymer. When the blending amount of the hydroxide is less than 10 parts by weight, the effect of improving the withstand voltage characteristics as an insulating filler is insufficient, and when it exceeds 150 parts by weight, the mechanical strength and heat resistance are lowered. .

(c)2族又は3族の金属元素の酸化物
本発明においては、受酸剤としての作用により耐熱性を向上させることを目的として、2族又は3族の金属元素の酸化物を配合する。2族又は3族の金属元素の酸化物としては、例えば、酸化マグネシウム、酸化カルシウム、酸化バリウム、酸化亜鉛などが挙げられる。これらは単独で用いても複数を混合して用いても構わない。
(C) Group 2 or Group 3 Metal Element Oxide In the present invention, an oxide of a Group 2 or Group 3 metal element is blended for the purpose of improving heat resistance by the action as an acid acceptor. . Examples of Group 2 or Group 3 metal element oxides include magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, and zinc oxide. These may be used alone or in combination.

上記した2族又は3族の金属元素の酸化物は、オレフィン系ポリマー100重量部に対し、2〜50重量部配合する。酸化物の配合量が2重量部未満では、受酸剤として耐熱性を向上させる効果が不十分であり、又、50重量部を超えると、機械的強度や耐電圧特性が低下してしまう。   The above-mentioned oxide of the group 2 or group 3 metal element is blended in an amount of 2 to 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the olefin polymer. When the compounding amount of the oxide is less than 2 parts by weight, the effect of improving the heat resistance as an acid acceptor is insufficient, and when it exceeds 50 parts by weight, the mechanical strength and withstand voltage characteristics are deteriorated.

(d)イオン交換機能を有する無機物
本発明においては、耐熱性を向上させることを目的として、イオン交換機能を有する無機物を配合する。これにより、劣化を促進するハロゲンイオンや金属イオンがイオン交換機能を有する無機物内部に取り込まれ、不活性化されることで、長期の耐熱性を向上させることができる。イオン交換機能を有する無機物としては、例えば、ハイドロタルサイト類化合物やスメクタイト、カオリン、膨潤性マイカなどが挙げられる。これらは単独で用いても複数を混合して用いても構わない。
(D) Inorganic substance having ion exchange function In the present invention, an inorganic substance having an ion exchange function is blended for the purpose of improving heat resistance. Accordingly, long-term heat resistance can be improved by incorporating halogen ions and metal ions that promote deterioration into an inorganic substance having an ion exchange function and inactivation. Examples of inorganic substances having an ion exchange function include hydrotalcite compounds, smectites, kaolins, and swellable mica. These may be used alone or in combination.

上記したイオン交換機能を有する無機物は、オレフィン系ポリマー100重量部に対し、2〜50重量部配合する。イオン交換機能を有する無機物の配合量が2重量部未満では、耐熱性を向上させる効果が不十分であり、又、50重量部を超えると、機械的強度や耐電圧特性が低下してしまう。   The inorganic substance having the ion exchange function described above is blended in an amount of 2 to 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the olefin polymer. When the blending amount of the inorganic substance having an ion exchange function is less than 2 parts by weight, the effect of improving the heat resistance is insufficient, and when it exceeds 50 parts by weight, the mechanical strength and withstand voltage characteristics are deteriorated.

これらの2族又は3族の金属元素の水酸化物、2族又は3族の金属元素の酸化物、イオン交換機能を有する無機物は、例えば、ラウリン酸、ステアリン酸、オレイン酸などの高級脂肪酸、又はこれらのアルミニウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム塩などの高級脂肪酸金属塩、シランカップリング剤やチタネート系表面処理剤などの表面処理剤によって表面処理することができる。これら表面処理剤はオレフィン系ポリマーとの親和性及び分散性を向上させ、機械的強度などを向上させるために好ましく使用される。これらの表面処理剤は、1種単独でも、2種以上を併用して使用しても良い。又、表面処理をする場合は、予め表面処理されたものを使用しても良いし、未処理若しくは表面処理済のものと共に表面処理剤を配合し、表面処理を行っても良い。   These Group 2 or Group 3 metal element hydroxides, Group 2 or Group 3 metal element oxides, and inorganic substances having an ion exchange function include, for example, higher fatty acids such as lauric acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid, Alternatively, the surface treatment can be performed with a surface treatment agent such as a higher fatty acid metal salt such as aluminum, magnesium or calcium salt, a silane coupling agent or a titanate surface treatment agent. These surface treatment agents are preferably used in order to improve the affinity and dispersibility with the olefin polymer and improve the mechanical strength and the like. These surface treatment agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Moreover, when surface-treating, what was surface-treated beforehand may be used, and a surface treatment agent may be mix | blended with an untreated or surface-treated thing, and surface treatment may be performed.

(e)ハロゲン系難燃剤
本発明の難燃性組成物は、上記の(b)2族又は3族の金属元素の水酸化物が難燃剤としても機能するため、通常必要な難燃性(例えば、UL規格に規定されている水平燃焼試験に合格する難燃性)を有しているが、上記(a)〜(d)の成分に加えてハロゲン系難燃剤を更に配合することで、難燃性を更に向上させることができ、より高度な難燃性(例えば、UL規格に規定されているVW−1垂直燃焼試験に合格する難燃性)を付与させることができる。ハロゲン系難燃剤としては、例えば、エチレンビス(テトラブロモフタルイミド)、エチレンビス(ペンタブロモジフェニル)、パークロロシクロペンタデカンなどが挙げられる。これらは単独で用いても複数を混合して用いても構わない。
(E) Halogen Flame Retardant The flame retardant composition of the present invention has the above-described (b) group 2 or group 3 metal element hydroxide functioning as a flame retardant. For example, it has flame retardant properties that pass the horizontal combustion test specified in the UL standard), but in addition to the components (a) to (d) above, further adding a halogen flame retardant, The flame retardancy can be further improved, and a higher level of flame retardancy (for example, flame retardancy that passes the VW-1 vertical combustion test defined in the UL standard) can be imparted. Examples of the halogen-based flame retardant include ethylene bis (tetrabromophthalimide), ethylene bis (pentabromodiphenyl), perchlorocyclopentadecane, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination.

上記したハロゲン系難燃剤は、オレフィン系ポリマー100重量部に対し、5〜70重量部配合することが好ましい。ハロゲン系難燃剤の配合量が5重量部未満では、難燃性向上の効果が充分でなく、より高度な難燃性(例えば、UL規格に規定されているVW−1垂直燃焼試験に合格する難燃性)を得ることができず、又、70重量部を超えると、機械的強度や耐電圧特性が低下してしまう。   The halogen-based flame retardant is preferably blended in an amount of 5 to 70 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the olefin polymer. When the blending amount of the halogen-based flame retardant is less than 5 parts by weight, the effect of improving the flame retardancy is not sufficient, and the more advanced flame retardancy (for example, passes the VW-1 vertical combustion test defined in the UL standard). Flame retardancy) cannot be obtained, and when it exceeds 70 parts by weight, mechanical strength and withstand voltage characteristics are degraded.

本発明においては、上記の成分以外にも、本発明の目的を阻害しない範囲内で、従来、電線、ケーブルにおいて一般的に使用されている各種の添加剤を配合しても良い。このような添加剤としては、例えば、難燃助剤、老化防止剤、架橋剤、架橋助剤、滑剤、軟化剤、分散剤、着色剤などが挙げられる。   In the present invention, in addition to the above components, various additives that are conventionally used in electric wires and cables may be blended within a range that does not impair the object of the present invention. Examples of such additives include flame retardant aids, anti-aging agents, cross-linking agents, cross-linking aids, lubricants, softeners, dispersants, colorants, and the like.

難燃助剤としては、例えば、三酸化アンチモン、硫化亜鉛、ホウ酸亜鉛、錫酸亜鉛、モリブデン化合物などが挙げられる。これらの中でも、三酸化アンチモンを使用することが好ましく、ハロゲン系難燃剤との併用により、より高度な難燃性を付与させることができる。 Examples of the flame retardant aid include antimony trioxide, zinc sulfide, zinc borate, zinc stannate, and a molybdenum compound. Among these, it is preferable to use antimony trioxide, and higher flame retardancy can be imparted by using it together with a halogen-based flame retardant.

これらの難燃助剤は、オレフィン系ポリマー100重量部に対し、5〜40重量部配合することが好ましい。難燃助剤の配合量が5重量部未満では難燃助剤としての効果が充分でなく、40重量部以上では機械的強度や耐電圧特性が低下してしまう。 These flame retardant aids are preferably blended in an amount of 5 to 40 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the olefin polymer. If the blending amount of the flame retardant aid is less than 5 parts by weight, the effect as a flame retardant aid is not sufficient, and if it is 40 parts by weight or more, the mechanical strength and the withstand voltage characteristics are lowered.

老化防止剤としては、例えば、アミン系、フェノール系、リン系、硫黄系老化防止剤などが挙げられる。これらは単独で用いても複数を混合して用いても構わない。これらの中でも、フェノール系老化防止剤と硫黄系老化防止剤を併用することが好ましく、ラジカル捕捉効果と過酸化物分解効果の相乗効果によって、より高度な耐熱性を付与させ、ブリードアウトや着色性、汚染性も無い。フェノール系老化防止剤としては、例えば、2,6−ジ−t−ブチル−4−メチルフェノールなどのモノフェノール系、2,2’−メチレン−ビス−(4−メチル−6−t−ブチルフェノール)などのビスフェノール系、4,4’−チオビス−(6−t−ブチル−3−メチルフェノール)などのチオビスフェノール系、トリス−(3,5−ジ−t−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシベンジル)−イソシアヌレートなどのヒンダートフェノール系などのものが挙げられ、硫黄系老化防止剤としては、例えば、ジラウリルチオジプロピオネートなどのチオエーテル系、2−メルカプトベンゾイミダゾールなどのイミダゾール系、ジブチルジチオカルバミン酸ニッケルなどのチオカルバミン酸塩系老化防止剤などが挙げられる。これらの中から更に好ましくは、ヒンダートフェノール系老化防止剤とイミダゾール系老化防止剤の併用であり、最も高い耐熱性向上の効果を発現する。ヒンダートフェノール系老化防止剤としては、例えば、トリス−(3,5−ジ−t−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシベンジル)−イソシアヌレート、1,1,3−トリス−(2−メチル−4−ヒドロキシ−5−t−ブチルフェニル)ブタン、テトラキス−〔メチレン−3−(3’,5’−ジ−t−ブチル−4’−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート〕メタンなどが挙げられる。イミダゾール系老化防止剤としては、例えば、2−メルカプトベンズイミダゾール、2−メルカプトメチルベンズイミダゾール、4,5−メルカプトメチルベンズイミダゾール、これらの亜鉛塩などが挙げられる。 Examples of the anti-aging agent include amine-based, phenol-based, phosphorus-based and sulfur-based anti-aging agents. These may be used alone or in combination. Among these, it is preferable to use a phenol-based anti-aging agent and a sulfur-based anti-aging agent in combination, and by providing a synergistic effect of a radical scavenging effect and a peroxide decomposition effect, a higher heat resistance is imparted, and bleed-out and coloring properties are improved. There is no pollution. Examples of the phenolic antioxidant include monophenols such as 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,2′-methylene-bis- (4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), and the like. Bisphenols such as 4,4′-thiobis- (6-t-butyl-3-methylphenol), thiobisphenols such as tris- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) -isocyanate Examples include hindered phenols such as nurate, and sulfur-based anti-aging agents such as thioethers such as dilauryl thiodipropionate, imidazoles such as 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate, etc. And thiocarbamate aging inhibitors. Of these, the combination of a hindered phenol anti-aging agent and an imidazole anti-aging agent is more preferable, and the highest effect of improving heat resistance is exhibited. Examples of the hindered phenol antioxidant include tris- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) -isocyanurate, 1,1,3-tris- (2-methyl-4-hydroxy). -5-t-butylphenyl) butane, tetrakis- [methylene-3- (3 ', 5'-di-t-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] methane, and the like. Examples of the imidazole anti-aging agent include 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, 2-mercaptomethylbenzimidazole, 4,5-mercaptomethylbenzimidazole, and zinc salts thereof.

これらの老化防止剤は、オレフィン系ポリマー100重量部に対し、合計で2〜30重量部配合することが好ましい。老化防止剤の配合量が2重量部よりも少ないと老化防止剤としての効果が充分でなく、30重量部を超えると耐電圧特性が低下してしまう。   These antioxidants are preferably blended in a total of 2 to 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the olefin polymer. When the blending amount of the anti-aging agent is less than 2 parts by weight, the effect as an anti-aging agent is not sufficient, and when it exceeds 30 parts by weight, the withstand voltage characteristic is lowered.

上記の各構成材料を適宜に配合したものを、ロール、ニーダー、バンバリー、一軸混練機、二軸混練機などの公知の混練機を使用して充分に混練りすることによって本発明の難燃性組成物を得ることができる。   The flame retardancy of the present invention is obtained by adequately blending the above-described constituent materials with a known kneader such as a roll, kneader, Banbury, uniaxial kneader, or biaxial kneader. A composition can be obtained.

本発明においては、このようにして得られた難燃性組成物の結晶融解熱量が50J/g以下であることが好ましい。難燃性組成物の結晶融解熱量が50J/g以下であれば、柔軟性を向上させることができるため可撓性が要求される用途に適した難燃性組成物を得ることができる。 In the present invention, the heat of crystal fusion of the flame retardant composition thus obtained is preferably 50 J / g or less. If the amount of heat of crystal fusion of the flame retardant composition is 50 J / g or less, the flexibility can be improved, so that a flame retardant composition suitable for applications requiring flexibility can be obtained.

上記の難燃性組成物を公知の方法によって導体周上に押出被覆し、その後、難燃性組成物の耐熱性を向上させるため適宜に架橋を施すことにより、本発明の他の態様による電線を得ることができる。   An electric wire according to another embodiment of the present invention is formed by subjecting the above flame-retardant composition to extrusion coating on the conductor circumference by a known method, and then appropriately crosslinking to improve the heat resistance of the flame-retardant composition. Can be obtained.

架橋方法は特に限定されず、例えば、2,5−ジメチル−2,5−ジ(t−ブチルペルオキシ)ヘキサン、1,3−ビス(t−ブチルペルオキシイソプロピル)ベンゼン、1,1−ビス(t−ブチルペルオキシ)−3,3,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサン、ジクミルパーオキサイドなどの有機過酸化物を架橋剤として使用した化学架橋法、X線、γ線、電子線、陽子線、重陽子線、α線、β線などの電離性放射線を使用した照射架橋法などが挙げられる。尚、上述した結晶融解熱量について、架橋を施す場合には、架橋後の難燃性組成物の結晶融解熱量が50J/g以下であることが好ましい。   The crosslinking method is not particularly limited. For example, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy) hexane, 1,3-bis (t-butylperoxyisopropyl) benzene, 1,1-bis (t -Butylperoxy) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, chemical crosslinking method using an organic peroxide such as dicumyl peroxide as a crosslinking agent, X-ray, γ-ray, electron beam, proton beam, deuteron beam, Examples include an irradiation crosslinking method using ionizing radiation such as α rays and β rays. In addition, about the crystal heat of fusion mentioned above, when performing bridge | crosslinking, it is preferable that the crystal heat of fusion of the flame-retardant composition after bridge | crosslinking is 50 J / g or less.

以下に本発明の実施例を比較例と併せて説明する。この実施例で使用した各配合材料の詳細は表5に示す通りである。   Examples of the present invention will be described below together with comparative examples. Details of each compounding material used in this example are as shown in Table 5.

表5に示した配合材料を表1〜4に示した配合部数により2軸混練機で十分に混練し、得られた難燃性組成物をペレット化した。このペレットをL/D=24の25mmφ押出機に供給して、シリンダー70〜100℃、ヘッド110℃の温度条件にて、アメリカン・ワイヤ・ゲージ(AWG)28の錫メッキ軟銅撚り線(0.4φ)からなる導体周上に0.35mmの肉厚で押出被覆した。その後、210℃、0.4MPaの条件にて化学架橋させ、仕上がり外径1.1mmφの電線を製造した。 The blended materials shown in Table 5 were sufficiently kneaded with a twin-screw kneader according to the number of blending parts shown in Tables 1 to 4, and the obtained flame retardant composition was pelletized. The pellets were supplied to a 25 mmφ extruder with L / D = 24, and tin-plated annealed copper strands (0... 0) of American Wire Gauge (AWG) 28 under the temperature conditions of cylinder 70 to 100 ° C. and head 110 ° C. 4φ) was coated on the circumference of the conductor with a thickness of 0.35 mm. Then, it was chemically crosslinked under the conditions of 210 ° C. and 0.4 MPa to produce an electric wire having a finished outer diameter of 1.1 mmφ.

ここで、この様にして得られた合計26種類の電線を試料として、機械的強度(引張破断強度、引張破断伸び)、耐熱性、耐電圧特性(絶縁破壊電圧)、難燃性、可撓性について、それぞれ評価を行った。結果は各配合材料の配合部数と共に表1〜4に併せて示した。 Here, using a total of 26 types of electric wires obtained in this way as samples, mechanical strength (tensile breaking strength, tensile breaking elongation), heat resistance, withstand voltage characteristics (dielectric breakdown voltage), flame retardancy, flexibility Each sex was evaluated. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 4 together with the number of blended parts of each blended material.

評価方法は以下の通りである。
(機械的強度)
UL758.14に準拠して、引張破断強度と引張破断伸びを評価した。合否の基準としては、引張破断強度が10MPa以上、引張破断伸びが150%以上のものを合格と判定した。
(耐熱性)
UL758.14の耐熱試験(定格125℃、及び、定格150℃)を参照した。158℃(定格125℃)、及び、180℃(定格150℃)に設定したギアオーブンに投入して、7日おきに取り出して引張破断伸びを測定し、老化後の引張破断伸びが初期値の50%以上保持できる日数を計測した。合否の基準としては、定格125℃については35日以上、定格150℃については21日以上のものを合格と判定した。
(耐電圧特性)
水中での絶縁破壊電圧にて評価した。印加交流電圧を増加させてゆき、絶縁破壊した時の電圧を測定した。試料数n=10で測定し、その平均値を算出した。合否の基準としては、絶縁破壊電圧が10kV以上のものを合格と判定した。
(難燃性)
UL758.39(水平燃焼試験)、UL758.41(VW−1燃焼試験)にて評価した。
(可撓性)
図1(A)に示すように、長さ500mmの電線1を試料とし、その中心cから左右50mmの距離に標線s,s’を引き、電線1の両端10mmだけ被覆1aを剥ぎ取り、導体1bを露出させる。次いで、図1(B)に示すように、導体1bの端を平行に揃えて結束し、直径2.0φのマンドレル3に電線1の中心cが配置されるようにして吊り下げ、重り2により導体1bの結束部分に0.98N(100g)の荷重をかける。そして、荷重をかけてから、1分後の標線sと標線s’の標線間距離Lを測定する。評価の基準としては、標線間距離Lが5mm未満のものを特に柔らかい、5〜10mmのものを柔らかい、10mm以上のものを硬いと判定した。又、表中においては、5mm未満のものを◎、5〜10mmのものを○、10mm以上のものを△、と示した。
The evaluation method is as follows.
(Mechanical strength)
Based on UL758.14, the tensile strength at break and the tensile elongation at break were evaluated. As a pass / fail criterion, a sample having a tensile strength at break of 10 MPa or more and a tensile elongation at break of 150% or more was determined to be acceptable.
(Heat-resistant)
Reference was made to the heat resistance test (rated at 125 ° C. and rated at 150 ° C.) of UL758.14. It is put into a gear oven set at 158 ° C. (rated 125 ° C.) and 180 ° C. (rated 150 ° C.), taken out every 7 days, and measured for tensile breaking elongation. The number of days that can be retained by 50% or more was measured. As a pass / fail standard, a rating of 125 ° C. was determined to be 35 days or more, and a rating of 150 ° C. was determined to be 21 days or more.
(Withstand voltage characteristics)
The dielectric breakdown voltage in water was used for evaluation. The applied AC voltage was increased, and the voltage at the time of dielectric breakdown was measured. Measurement was performed with the number of samples n = 10, and the average value was calculated. As a pass / fail criterion, a product having a dielectric breakdown voltage of 10 kV or higher was determined to be acceptable.
(Flame retardance)
Evaluation was performed using UL758.39 (horizontal combustion test) and UL758.41 (VW-1 combustion test).
(Flexibility)
As shown in FIG. 1 (A), the wire 1 having a length of 500 mm is used as a sample, the marked lines s and s ′ are drawn at a distance of 50 mm on the left and right from the center c, and the covering 1a is stripped off at both ends 10 mm of the wire 1 The conductor 1b is exposed. Next, as shown in FIG. 1 (B), the ends of the conductors 1b are aligned and bundled, and suspended so that the center c of the electric wire 1 is placed on the mandrel 3 having a diameter of 2.0φ. A load of 0.98 N (100 g) is applied to the bound portion of the conductor 1b. Then, after applying the load, the distance L between the marked lines s and s ′ after one minute is measured. As a criterion for evaluation, it was determined that the distance L between the marked lines was less than 5 mm, especially soft, 5-10 mm soft, and 10 mm or more hard. Moreover, in the table | surfaces, the thing below 5 mm was shown as (double-circle), the thing 5-10 mm (circle), and the thing 10 mm or more were shown as (triangle | delta).

又、上記合計26種類の試料について、結晶融解熱量を測定した。測定方法は、示差走査熱量測定(DSC)装置にて、試料を室温から300℃まで昇温させ、吸熱量の合計を測定し、結晶融解熱量とした。   Further, the heat of crystal melting was measured for the above-mentioned 26 kinds of samples. The measurement method was a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) apparatus, where the temperature of the sample was raised from room temperature to 300 ° C., and the total endotherm was measured to obtain the heat of crystal fusion.

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上記の各実施例の内、実施例1,2はハロゲン系難燃剤を配合していないもの、実施例3〜19はハロゲン系難燃剤を配合したものである。何れの実施例も水平燃焼試験に合格しており、通常必要な難燃性を有していることが確認された。特に、ハロゲン系難燃剤を配合した実施例3〜19は、VW−1垂直燃焼試験にも合格しており、特に高い難燃性を有していることが確認された。   Of the above examples, Examples 1 and 2 do not contain a halogen flame retardant, and Examples 3 to 19 contain a halogen flame retardant. All of the examples passed the horizontal combustion test, and it was confirmed that they usually have the necessary flame retardancy. Especially Examples 3-19 which mix | blended the halogenated flame retardant passed the VW-1 vertical combustion test, and it was confirmed that it has especially high flame retardance.

又、本実施例による電線は、何れも耐熱性及び耐電圧特性について合格する値を示しており、耐熱性と耐電圧特性をバランス良く兼ね備えたものであるとともに、機械的強度(強度、伸び)にも優れたものであることが確認された。   In addition, the electric wires according to this example all show acceptable values for heat resistance and withstand voltage characteristics, and have a good balance of heat resistance and withstand voltage characteristics, as well as mechanical strength (strength and elongation). It was also confirmed that it was excellent.

特に、オレフィン系ポリマーとして、非極性のオレフィン系ポリマーであるエチレン−プロピレン−ジエン共重合体を含有した実施例5については、非極性のオレフィン系ポリマーを含有していない実施例3、実施例4と比較して、耐電圧特性に優れていることが確認された。 Especially about Example 5 containing an ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer which is a nonpolar olefin polymer as an olefin polymer, Examples 3 and 4 which do not contain a nonpolar olefin polymer. It was confirmed that it was excellent in withstand voltage characteristics as compared with.

実施例3,6,7,8と比較例1を比較すると、2族又は3族の金属元素の水酸化物が本発明の範囲(10〜150重量部)を超えて配合されている比較例1は、実施例3,6,7,8と比べて機械的強度と耐熱性に劣り、機械的強度試験(強度、伸び)、耐熱性試験(125℃定格、150℃定格)の何れの値も合格レベルに達しないことが確認された。又、実施例3,6,7,8と比較例2を比較すると、2族又は3族の金属元素の水酸化物を配合していない比較例2は、実施例3,6,7,8と比べて耐電圧特性に劣り、耐電圧特性試験の値も合格レベルに達しないことが確認された。   When Examples 3, 6, 7, and 8 are compared with Comparative Example 1, a comparative example in which a hydroxide of a metal element of Group 2 or Group 3 is blended exceeding the range (10 to 150 parts by weight) of the present invention. 1 is inferior in mechanical strength and heat resistance compared to Examples 3, 6, 7 and 8, and any value of mechanical strength test (strength, elongation) and heat resistance test (125 ° C rating, 150 ° C rating) It was also confirmed that the acceptable level was not reached. Further, when Examples 3, 6, 7, and 8 are compared with Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 2 in which a hydroxide of a metal element of Group 2 or Group 3 is not blended is found in Examples 3, 6, 7, and 8. It was confirmed that the withstand voltage characteristic was inferior to that of the test, and the withstand voltage characteristic test value did not reach the acceptable level.

実施例3,9,10,11と比較例3を比較すると、2族又は3族の金属元素の酸化物が本発明の範囲(2〜50重量部)を超えて配合されている比較例3は、実施例3,9,10,11と比べて耐電圧特性に劣り、耐電圧特性試験の値も合格レベルに達しないことが確認された。又、実施例3,9,10,11と比較例4を比較すると、2族又は3族の金属元素の酸化物を配合していない比較例4は、実施例3,9,10,11と比べて耐熱性に劣り、耐熱性試験(125℃定格、150℃定格)の値も合格レベルに達しないことが確認された。   When Examples 3, 9, 10, 11 and Comparative Example 3 are compared, Comparative Example 3 in which an oxide of a metal element belonging to Group 2 or Group 3 exceeds the range of the present invention (2 to 50 parts by weight) Was inferior to the withstand voltage characteristics compared to Examples 3, 9, 10, and 11, and it was confirmed that the value of the withstand voltage characteristic test did not reach the acceptable level. In addition, when Examples 3, 9, 10, and 11 are compared with Comparative Example 4, Comparative Example 4 that does not contain an oxide of a Group 2 or Group 3 metal element is similar to Examples 3, 9, 10, and 11. It was confirmed that the heat resistance was inferior to that of the heat resistance test (125 ° C. rating, 150 ° C. rating) and the acceptable level was not reached.

実施例3,12,13と比較例5を比較すると、イオン交換機能を有する無機物が本発明の範囲(2〜50重量部)を超えて配合されている比較例5は、実施例3,12,13と比べて耐電圧特性に劣り、耐電圧特性試験の値も合格レベルに達しないことが確認された。又、実施例3,12,13と比較例6を比較すると、イオン交換機能を有する無機物を配合していない比較例6は、実施例3,12,13と比べて耐熱性に劣り、耐熱性試験(150℃定格)の値も合格レベルに達しないことが確認された。   Comparing Examples 3, 12, and 13 with Comparative Example 5, Comparative Example 5 in which the inorganic substance having an ion exchange function was blended exceeding the range of the present invention (2 to 50 parts by weight) , 13 is inferior to the withstand voltage characteristic, and it was confirmed that the value of the withstand voltage characteristic test did not reach the acceptable level. Further, when Examples 3, 12, and 13 were compared with Comparative Example 6, Comparative Example 6 in which an inorganic substance having an ion exchange function was not blended was inferior in heat resistance compared to Examples 3, 12, and 13, and heat resistance. It was confirmed that the value of the test (150 ° C rating) did not reach the acceptable level.

又、実施例3,14と実施例15を比較すると、難燃性組成物の結晶融解熱量が本発明の好ましい範囲(50J/g以下)に含まれる実施例3,14は、柔軟であり可撓性にも優れるものであったが、難燃性組成物の結晶融解熱量が本発明の好ましい範囲(50J/g以下)を超える実施例15は、実使用上問題のない程度であったが、やや硬く、可撓性に乏しいものであった。   Further, when Examples 3 and 14 are compared with Example 15, Examples 3 and 14 in which the heat of crystal fusion of the flame retardant composition falls within the preferred range (50 J / g or less) of the present invention can be flexible. Although the flexibility was excellent, Example 15 in which the heat of crystal fusion of the flame-retardant composition exceeded the preferable range of the present invention (50 J / g or less) was not problematic in practical use. It was slightly hard and poor in flexibility.

又、実施例3,17,18と実施例16を比較すると、ハロゲン系難燃剤が本発明の好ましい範囲(5〜70重量部)を超えて配合されている実施例16は、実使用上問題のない程度であったが、やや機械的強度、耐電圧特性に乏しいものであった。   Further, when Examples 3, 17, 18 and Example 16 are compared, Example 16 in which the halogen-based flame retardant is blended exceeding the preferable range of the present invention (5-70 parts by weight) is problematic in practical use. However, the mechanical strength and withstand voltage characteristics were slightly poor.

又、実施例3,19,20を比較すると、老化防止剤の配合量が減少するに従い、耐熱性試験の値も減少していることが確認された。   Further, when Examples 3, 19, and 20 were compared, it was confirmed that the value of the heat resistance test was decreased as the blending amount of the antioxidant was decreased.

以上詳述したように本発明によれば、耐熱性と耐電圧特性をバランス良く兼ね備えた難燃性組成物を得ることができる。その為、この難燃性組成物は、電気機器内配線や自動車用ハーネスの絶縁体などとして好適である。又、使用用途としてはこれらに限定されることはなく、例えば、コード状ヒータの絶縁被覆材料、チューブの構成材料などとしても使用可能である。   As described above in detail, according to the present invention, a flame retardant composition having a good balance between heat resistance and withstand voltage characteristics can be obtained. Therefore, this flame retardant composition is suitable as an electrical device wiring or an insulator for an automobile harness. Further, the usage is not limited to these, and for example, it can be used as an insulating coating material for a cord-shaped heater, a constituent material for a tube, and the like.

可撓性試験の方法を表わす概略図である。It is the schematic showing the method of a flexibility test.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 電線
1a 被覆
1b 導体
2 重り
3 マンドレル
1 electric wire 1a covering 1b conductor 2 weight 3 mandrel

Claims (4)

オレフィン系ポリマーと、該オレフィン系ポリマー100重量部に対し、2族又は3族の金属元素の水酸化物10〜150重量部と、2族又は3族の金属元素の酸化物2〜50重量部と、イオン交換機能を有する無機物2〜50重量部とを配合する難燃性組成物。 Olefin-based polymer, Group 2 or Group 3 metal element hydroxide 10 to 150 parts by weight, Group 2 or Group 3 metal element oxide 2 to 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the olefin polymer And 2-50 parts by weight of an inorganic substance having an ion exchange function. 上記難燃性組成物の結晶融解熱量が、50J/g以下であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の難燃性組成物。 The flame-retardant composition according to claim 1, wherein the crystal-melting heat quantity of the flame-retardant composition is 50 J / g or less. 上記オレフィン系ポリマー100重量部に対し、ハロゲン系難燃剤5〜70重量部を更に配合することを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2記載の難燃性組成物。 The flame retardant composition according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising 5 to 70 parts by weight of a halogen flame retardant based on 100 parts by weight of the olefin polymer. 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項記載の難燃性組成物からなる被覆を備えているとともに、該難燃性組成物が架橋されていることを特徴とする電線。 An electric wire comprising a coating made of the flame retardant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and the flame retardant composition being cross-linked.
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