JP2005341488A - Dielectric waveguide antenna - Google Patents

Dielectric waveguide antenna Download PDF

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JP2005341488A
JP2005341488A JP2004161080A JP2004161080A JP2005341488A JP 2005341488 A JP2005341488 A JP 2005341488A JP 2004161080 A JP2004161080 A JP 2004161080A JP 2004161080 A JP2004161080 A JP 2004161080A JP 2005341488 A JP2005341488 A JP 2005341488A
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dielectric
slot
antenna
dielectric waveguide
hole
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JP4181085B2 (en
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Kazuhisa Sano
和久 佐野
Kazuhiro Ito
一洋 伊藤
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Toko Inc
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a dielectric waveguide antenna being a downsized slot antenna by using a dielectric waveguide for a feeder and antenna elements. <P>SOLUTION: The dielectric waveguide antenna is provided with a slot from which a dielectric material is exposed to one side of the dielectric, wherein the dielectric is connected to a conductor block or a conductor board which has, at a position opposed to the slot, a through-hole that becomes an antenna opening. Alternatively, the dielectric is connected to a substrate which has, at a position opposed to the slot, a through-hole that becomes an antenna opening, and the wall surface of the through-hole is formed with a conductor film. An array structure may also be employed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、マイクロ波帯およびミル波帯で用いられる誘電体材料により小型化された導波管で構成される誘電体導波管アンテナに係るもので、特にその電波放射部分の構造に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a dielectric waveguide antenna composed of a waveguide miniaturized by a dielectric material used in the microwave band and the mill wave band, and particularly relates to the structure of the radio wave radiation portion. is there.

空洞導波管を給電線路として用いたアンテナがマイクロ波帯やミリ波帯において広く使用されている。中でも導波管ホーンアンテナは最も広く用いられているものである。また、導波管の金属の壁面にスロットを設けてそこから導波管内の電磁波を漏洩させるスロットアンテナも数多く使用されている。   An antenna using a hollow waveguide as a feed line is widely used in the microwave band and the millimeter wave band. Among these, the waveguide horn antenna is the most widely used. In addition, many slot antennas are used in which slots are provided on the metal wall surface of the waveguide and electromagnetic waves in the waveguide are leaked therefrom.

誘電体材料の表面に導体膜を形成して作製される誘電体導波管を空洞導波管に代えて使用することが実用化段階にはいっている。この誘電体導波管は、誘電体材料による電磁波の短縮効果があり、肉厚な金属壁を必要としないため、空洞導波管と比べると大幅な小型化が可能となる。誘電体導波管を給電回路（線路）として用いれば、従来の空洞導波管を用いたアンテナの給電構造の小型化、軽量化が可能となり、マイクロ波帯およびミリ波帯の通信機器の小型化と低廉化が可能となる。   It has been put into practical use to use a dielectric waveguide produced by forming a conductor film on the surface of a dielectric material instead of a hollow waveguide. This dielectric waveguide has an effect of shortening the electromagnetic wave due to the dielectric material, and does not require a thick metal wall. Therefore, the dielectric waveguide can be greatly reduced in size as compared with the hollow waveguide. If a dielectric waveguide is used as a power supply circuit (line), it is possible to reduce the size and weight of a conventional antenna power supply structure using a hollow waveguide, and to reduce the size of microwave and millimeter wave communication devices. And cost reduction.

しかし、誘電体導波管に用いる誘電体材料と空気とは誘電率に大きな違いがある。そのため、導波管の材料に誘電体を用いると導波管の開口（スロット）部と空気との間に大きなインピーダンスの不整合が生じることになるので、電磁波が放射されにくくなってしまう。このことが、誘電体導波管アンテナを実用化するうえでの大きな妨げとなっている。
特開２０００−２７４５４１号公報 However, there is a large difference in dielectric constant between the dielectric material used for the dielectric waveguide and air. For this reason, when a dielectric is used as the material of the waveguide, a large impedance mismatch occurs between the opening (slot) portion of the waveguide and air, so that electromagnetic waves are not easily emitted. This is a great hindrance in putting the dielectric waveguide antenna into practical use.
JP 2000-274541 A

本発明は、給電線路およびアンテナ素子として誘電体導波管を用いて、小型化されたスロットアンテナとなる誘電体導波管アンテナを提供するものである。   The present invention provides a dielectric waveguide antenna that becomes a miniaturized slot antenna by using a dielectric waveguide as a feed line and an antenna element.

本発明は、誘電体導波管のスロットに導体板の貫通孔等を組み合わせることによって、上記の課題を解決するものである。すなわち、誘電体の１表面に誘電体が露出するスロットを具えた誘電体導波管アンテナにおいて、その誘電体が、そのスロットに対向する位置にアンテナ開口部となる導体壁を具えた導波路に接続されたことに特徴を有するものである。   The present invention solves the above problem by combining a through hole of a conductor plate with a slot of a dielectric waveguide. That is, in a dielectric waveguide antenna having a slot through which a dielectric is exposed on one surface of the dielectric, the dielectric is a waveguide having a conductor wall serving as an antenna opening at a position facing the slot. It is characterized by being connected.

本発明によれば、誘電体を用いて波長短縮が行われるとともに肉厚の導波管壁が不要となるので、誘電体スロットアンテナの小型化が可能になり、また、誘電体スロットアレーアンテナの小型化が可能となる。プリント配線基板を介してあるいは直接に取り付けることによって、通信機器の筐体の外壁をアンテナ開口部として利用でき、アンテナと通信機器との一体化も容易となる。   According to the present invention, the wavelength is shortened using a dielectric, and a thick waveguide wall is not required. Therefore, the dielectric slot antenna can be reduced in size, and the dielectric slot array antenna can be reduced. Miniaturization is possible. By attaching directly or via a printed wiring board, the outer wall of the housing of the communication device can be used as an antenna opening, and the antenna and the communication device can be easily integrated.

本発明による誘電体導波管アンテナの構成要素は以下のものとなる。
（１）スロットを具えた誘電体導波管：スロットが導体板等の貫通孔と対向するように直接あるいは接着層を介して固定される。
（２）導体板または絶縁板：貫通孔がスロットに対向する。絶縁板の貫通孔の壁面には導体膜が形成されるいわゆるビアホール構造とする。貫通孔はスロットの反対側が広くなるように階段状あるいはテーパ状としてもよい。 The components of the dielectric waveguide antenna according to the present invention are as follows.
(1) Dielectric waveguide having a slot: The slot is fixed directly or via an adhesive layer so that the slot faces a through hole such as a conductor plate.
(2) Conductor plate or insulating plate: the through hole faces the slot. A so-called via hole structure in which a conductor film is formed on the wall surface of the through hole of the insulating plate is employed. The through hole may be stepped or tapered so that the opposite side of the slot is wide.

以下、図面を参照して、本発明の実施例について説明する。図１は、本発明の実施例を示す分解斜視図である。導体板17の上面に誘電体導波管11をはんだ付けなどで固定して密着させる。誘電体導波管11の底面には、一部の導体膜を除去して形成したスロット12が設けられており、導体板17には貫通孔18が設けられている。この例では貫通孔18の形状は途中で変えられており、スロット12側にはスロットとほぼ同じサイズの部分18（a）が形成され、反対側にはサイズの大きい部分18(b)が形成される。この構造によって、誘電体導波管11から放射される電磁界は導体板17の貫通孔18を通じて自由空間に放射される。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing an embodiment of the present invention. The dielectric waveguide 11 is fixed and adhered to the upper surface of the conductor plate 17 by soldering or the like. A slot 12 formed by removing a part of the conductor film is provided on the bottom surface of the dielectric waveguide 11, and a through hole 18 is provided in the conductor plate 17. In this example, the shape of the through hole 18 is changed in the middle, and a portion 18 (a) having almost the same size as the slot is formed on the slot 12 side, and a large portion 18 (b) is formed on the opposite side. Is done. With this structure, the electromagnetic field radiated from the dielectric waveguide 11 is radiated to free space through the through hole 18 of the conductor plate 17.

誘電体導波管にスロットを設けただけでは、誘電体と空気の誘電率の差による特性インピーダンスの大きな違いから、誘電体導波管中の電磁波は空気中に放射されない。しかし、導体板17に設けられた貫通孔18は短辺の寸法を小さくしたので、特性インピーダンスの低くなった空洞導波管と考えることができる。この貫通孔18の部分が誘電体導波管11のスロット12と自由空間とのインピーダンス整合回路として動作し、誘電体導波管11から電磁波が自由空間に放射されることになる。   By simply providing a slot in the dielectric waveguide, electromagnetic waves in the dielectric waveguide are not radiated into the air due to a large difference in characteristic impedance due to the difference in dielectric constant between the dielectric and air. However, since the through-hole 18 provided in the conductor plate 17 has a shorter side dimension, it can be considered as a hollow waveguide having a low characteristic impedance. The portion of the through hole 18 operates as an impedance matching circuit between the slot 12 of the dielectric waveguide 11 and the free space, and electromagnetic waves are radiated from the dielectric waveguide 11 to the free space.

導体板17を通信機器の筐体の外壁とすれば、その通信機器の筐体に貫通孔を形成してその導体板の筐体に誘電体導波管11を取り付けて設置することで、通信機器の筐体がそのままアンテナとして動作することになる。その結果、何も他の部品を追加することもなくアンテナを構成でき、通信機器と一体化できるので通信機器の小型化と低廉化が可能となる。なお、導体板に代えて貫通孔を形成した絶縁基板を用いてその貫通孔内の壁面を導体膜で覆うようにしてもよい。   If the conductor plate 17 is an outer wall of a communication device casing, a through-hole is formed in the communication device casing, and the dielectric waveguide 11 is attached to the conductor plate casing and installed. The housing of the device operates as an antenna as it is. As a result, the antenna can be configured without adding any other components and can be integrated with the communication device, so that the communication device can be reduced in size and cost. Instead of the conductor plate, an insulating substrate in which a through hole is formed may be used to cover the wall surface in the through hole with a conductor film.

誘電体導波管に用いられる誘電体と金属とは、通常、熱膨張率が大きく異なる。そのため、誘電体導波管を直接金属板に接合すると温度変化によって接合部にストレスがかかり、信頼性の問題が生じる。それを防ぐために、誘電体導波管と金属板との間に熱膨張率の差を吸収する緩衝材層を設けてもよい。この緩衝材層の表面に導体膜を形成すれば、スロットと貫通孔の大きさの違いによって生じる隙間からの電磁波のもれを防ぐ役割も果たす。なお、スロットの形状と貫通孔の形状は厳密に一致させる必要はなく、電磁波が漏洩する隙間を生じさせないようにすればよい。   In general, a dielectric and a metal used for a dielectric waveguide have greatly different coefficients of thermal expansion. For this reason, when the dielectric waveguide is directly bonded to the metal plate, stress is applied to the bonded portion due to temperature change, resulting in a problem of reliability. In order to prevent this, a buffer layer that absorbs the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion may be provided between the dielectric waveguide and the metal plate. If a conductor film is formed on the surface of this buffer material layer, it also serves to prevent leakage of electromagnetic waves from the gap caused by the difference in size between the slot and the through hole. Note that the shape of the slot and the shape of the through-hole do not have to be exactly the same, and it is sufficient to prevent a gap from leaking electromagnetic waves.

図２は誘電体導波管21から自由空間に放射される磁界を模式的に描いたものである。誘電体導波管21のスロットには貫通孔の狭い部分28（a）と貫通孔の広い部分28(b)による空間が接続されている。誘電体導波管にスロットを設ける位置を誘電体導波管の短絡端面から管内波長の１／２弱とすると、スロット位置での磁界強度が強くなり、アンテナの効率が高くなる。   FIG. 2 schematically shows the magnetic field radiated from the dielectric waveguide 21 to the free space. The slot of the dielectric waveguide 21 is connected to a space formed by a narrow through-hole portion 28 (a) and a wide through-hole portion 28 (b). If the position where the slot is provided in the dielectric waveguide is set to be a little less than ½ of the guide wavelength from the short-circuit end face of the dielectric waveguide, the magnetic field strength at the slot position is increased and the efficiency of the antenna is increased.

アンテナの利得や指向性を高めたい場合には、貫通孔の開放面にさらに広い開口面の貫通孔を有した導体板を配置することによっても実現できる。図３は本発明の他の実施例を示す正面断面図で、導体板37（a）、37(b)を2枚重ねて貫通孔の開口を段階的に大きくすることで、開口部をホーンと同様に動作させることができる。なお、この例では誘電体導波管と導体板との間に緩衝材を配置している。図４、図５はアレー構成の例を示すものである。導波管に複数のスロットを配置するスロットアレーアンテナは、アンテナの指向性と利得を強める効果があることが知られている。誘電体導波管41に設けたスロット列に対向した貫通孔を設けることで、簡単にアレー構成を実現でき、指向性と利得を向上させることができる。   When it is desired to increase the gain and directivity of the antenna, it can also be realized by arranging a conductor plate having a through hole having a wider opening surface on the open surface of the through hole. FIG. 3 is a front cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the present invention. By overlapping two conductor plates 37 (a) and 37 (b) and increasing the opening of the through hole step by step, the opening is made into a horn. It can be operated in the same way. In this example, a buffer material is disposed between the dielectric waveguide and the conductor plate. 4 and 5 show examples of the array configuration. It is known that a slot array antenna in which a plurality of slots are arranged in a waveguide has an effect of enhancing the directivity and gain of the antenna. By providing a through hole opposed to the slot row provided in the dielectric waveguide 41, an array configuration can be easily realized, and directivity and gain can be improved.

本発明は、小型化、軽量化の要求の多い移動体通信機器等のアンテナとして特に有用である。   INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is particularly useful as an antenna for mobile communication devices and the like that are frequently required to be small and light.

本発明の実施例を示す斜視図The perspective view which shows the Example of this invention その動作の説明図Illustration of its operation 本発明の他の実施例を示す正面断面図Front sectional view showing another embodiment of the present invention 本発明の他の実施例を示す分解斜視図Exploded perspective view showing another embodiment of the present invention. その（A）平面図と（B）正面断面図Its (A) top view and (B) front sectional view

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

11、21、31．41：誘電体導波管
12、22：スロット
17、37、47：導体板
18、28、38：貫通孔 11, 21, 31.41: Dielectric waveguide
12, 22: Slot
17, 37, 47: Conductor plate
18, 28, 38: Through hole

Claims (4)

誘電体の１表面に誘電体が露出するスロットを具えた誘電体導波管アンテナにおいて、
その誘電体が、そのスロットに対向する位置にアンテナ開口部となる導体壁を具えた導波路に接続されたことを特徴とする誘電体導波管アンテナ。 In a dielectric waveguide antenna having a slot in which a dielectric is exposed on one surface of the dielectric,
A dielectric waveguide antenna, characterized in that the dielectric is connected to a waveguide having a conductor wall serving as an antenna opening at a position facing the slot. 誘電体の１表面に誘電体が露出するスロットを具えた誘電体導波管アンテナにおいて、
その誘電体が、そのスロットに対向する位置にアンテナ開口部となる貫通孔を具えた導体板に接続されたことを特徴とする誘電体導波管アンテナ In a dielectric waveguide antenna having a slot in which a dielectric is exposed on one surface of the dielectric,
A dielectric waveguide antenna characterized in that the dielectric is connected to a conductor plate having a through hole serving as an antenna opening at a position facing the slot. 誘電体の１表面に誘電体が露出するスロットを具えた誘電体導波管アンテナにおいて、
その誘電体が、そのスロットに対向する位置にアンテナ開口部となる貫通孔を備え、その貫通孔の壁面に導体膜が形成された基板に接続されたことを特徴とする誘電体導波管アンテナ In a dielectric waveguide antenna having a slot in which a dielectric is exposed on one surface of the dielectric,
A dielectric waveguide antenna characterized in that the dielectric has a through-hole serving as an antenna opening at a position facing the slot, and is connected to a substrate having a conductor film formed on the wall surface of the through-hole. 当該貫通孔の大きさは、スロット側ではスロットとほぼ同じ形状とし、その反対側ではそれよりも大きな形状とする請求項２または請求項３記載の誘電体導波管アンテナ。   4. The dielectric waveguide antenna according to claim 2, wherein the size of the through hole is substantially the same shape as the slot on the slot side, and is larger on the opposite side.
JP2004161080A 2004-05-31 2004-05-31 Dielectric waveguide antenna Expired - Fee Related JP4181085B2 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010021828A (en) * 2008-07-11 2010-01-28 Toko Inc Dielectric waveguide slot antenna
US9230964B2 (en) 2013-12-09 2016-01-05 Fujitsu Limited Stacked three dimensional semiconductor device with in-circuit antenna

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011254418A (en) * 2010-06-04 2011-12-15 Toko Inc Connection structure of cavity waveguide and dielectric waveguide
JP6861588B2 (en) 2017-07-07 2021-04-21 株式会社フジクラ Transmission line

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010021828A (en) * 2008-07-11 2010-01-28 Toko Inc Dielectric waveguide slot antenna
US9230964B2 (en) 2013-12-09 2016-01-05 Fujitsu Limited Stacked three dimensional semiconductor device with in-circuit antenna

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