JP2005318757A - Switching power supply device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce the copper loss of a transformer and the continuity loss of a semiconductor element of a switching power supply that is composed of: a DC power supply; the transformer; a full-bridge circuit connected to a primary side of the transformer; a rectifying circuit connected to a secondary side of the transformer; and a capacitor that smoothes a rectified output of the rectifying circuit. <P>SOLUTION: A primary-side back-flow current of the transformer 140 is reduced, and the copper loss of the transformer and the continuity loss induced by the semiconductor elements 131 to 134 are reduced by adding the capacitors 221, 225, diodes 222 to 228, and inductances 223, 227 or the like to the secondary side rectifying circuit of the transformer 140. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a switching power supply, and more particularly to a switching power supply that performs phase shift control on the primary side and performs synchronous rectification on the secondary side.

Power supplies are indispensable for electronic devices, but how to increase efficiency is a challenge. Currently, a method is employed in which the gate signal of the primary side switching element is phase-shifted and synchronously rectified on the secondary side.
FIG. 10 shows a conventional example disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example.
As shown in the drawing, a full bridge circuit 130 is constituted by semiconductor elements 131 to 134 on the primary side, and soft switching capacitors 135 to 138 are connected in parallel to the semiconductor elements 131 to 134, and a resonance inductance 112 and a DC cut capacitor 113 are connected. And the primary winding 141 of the transformer 140 are connected in series. On the secondary side, a secondary winding 142 of the transformer 140, two semiconductor elements 231, 232, two inductances 233, 234, and an output capacitor 211 are provided.

  In such a configuration, the gate signals Q11 to Q14 shown in FIG. 11 are given to the full bridge circuit, and an AC voltage is applied to the primary winding 141 of the transformer 140, whereby an induced electromotive force is generated in the secondary winding 142. . This induced electromotive force is rectified by the bridge circuit 230 and supplied to the output capacitor 211 and the load 251.

  That is, the gate signals Q11 to Q14 are supplied to the full bridge circuit 130, and the signals S1 and S2 are supplied to the semiconductor elements 231 and 232 forming the secondary rectifier circuit, that is, the semiconductor elements 131 and 133 are simultaneously turned on. , 132 and 134 are provided at the same time. During this period, a reflux current flows due to the energy accumulated in the resonance inductance 112. At this time, before turning on the semiconductor element of the opposite arm, the charge stored in the soft switching capacitor connected in parallel with the semiconductor element is extracted, that is, the loss at turn-on is reduced by the zero voltage on operation. Yes.

Japanese Patent No. 3477029 (page 4-6, FIG. 1)

However, in the conventional method, not only the copper loss of the transformer 140 and the conduction loss of the semiconductor elements 131 to 134 of the full bridge circuit increase due to the return current flowing in the return period, but either of the semiconductors 231 and 232 in the return period. Since current flows only through the element, there is a problem that efficiency is poor.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to reduce the copper loss of the transformer and the conduction loss of the semiconductor element.

In order to solve such a problem, in the invention of claim 1, a first arm in which a first semiconductor element and a second semiconductor element are connected in series, a third semiconductor element, a fourth semiconductor element, Are connected in parallel to each other, and a DC power source is connected in parallel, and a DC cut capacitor, a resonance inductance, and a primary transformer are connected between the connection point of the first arm and the connection point of the second arm. While connecting a series circuit with windings,
A third arm in which the fifth semiconductor element and the first inductance are connected in series, a fourth arm in which the sixth semiconductor element and the second inductance are connected in series, an output capacitor, and a load are connected in parallel. And connecting the secondary winding of the transformer between the connection point of the third arm and the connection point of the fourth arm, and connecting a series circuit of a first diode and a first capacitor to the first circuit. A series circuit of a second diode and a second capacitor is connected in parallel with the sixth semiconductor element, and a series circuit of a third diode and a third inductance is connected in parallel with the semiconductor element of FIG. A series circuit of a fourth diode and a fourth inductance is connected between the connection point of the first diode and the first capacitor and the second terminal of the secondary winding of the transformer. Two die A period of time during which the fifth and sixth semiconductor elements are simultaneously turned on is connected between a connection point between the first capacitor and the second capacitor and the first terminal of the secondary winding of the transformer. To do.

According to a second aspect of the invention, a first arm in which a first semiconductor element and a second semiconductor element are connected in series, a second arm in which a third semiconductor element and a fourth semiconductor element are connected in series, A DC power source is connected in parallel, and a series circuit of a DC cut capacitor, a resonance inductance, and a transformer primary winding is connected between the connection point of the first arm and the connection point of the second arm. on the other hand,
A third arm in which the fifth semiconductor element and the first inductance are connected in series, a fourth arm in which the sixth semiconductor element and the second inductance are connected in series, an output capacitor, and a load are connected in parallel. And connecting the secondary winding of the transformer between the connection point of the third arm and the connection point of the fourth arm, and connecting a series circuit of a first diode and a first capacitor to the first circuit. A series circuit of a second diode and a second capacitor is connected in parallel with the sixth semiconductor element, respectively, and a connection point between the first inductance and the second inductance; A series circuit of a third diode and a third inductance is connected between the connection point of the first diode and the first capacitor, and the connection between the second diode and the second capacitor is made. A fourth diode connected between a connection point between said third diode and a third inductance, and the fifth, characterized by providing a period for turning on the sixth semiconductor element simultaneously.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, a first arm in which a first semiconductor element and a second semiconductor element are connected in series, a second arm in which a third semiconductor element and a fourth semiconductor element are connected in series, A DC power source is connected in parallel, and a series circuit of a DC cut capacitor, a resonance inductance, and a transformer primary winding is connected between the connection point of the first arm and the connection point of the second arm. on the other hand,
One end of a fifth semiconductor element and one end of a sixth semiconductor element are connected to the first and second output terminals on the secondary side of the transformer, respectively, and the other end of the fifth semiconductor element and the sixth semiconductor element are connected. A series circuit of a first inductance and an output capacitor is connected between the other end of the transformer and the center tap of the transformer, a load is connected in parallel with the output capacitor, and a second circuit is connected in parallel with the fifth semiconductor element. A series circuit of one capacitor and a first diode, or a series circuit of a second capacitor and a second diode in parallel with the sixth semiconductor element, respectively, and the first capacitor and the first diode A series circuit of a third diode and a second inductance is connected between the connection point of the first diode and the center tap of the transformer, and the second capacitor, the second diode, A fourth diode is connected between a connection point and the connection point of the third diode and the second inductance, and a period for simultaneously turning on the fifth and sixth semiconductor elements is provided. .

  According to this invention, since the reflux circuit is provided on the secondary side of the transformer, it is possible to reduce the copper loss of the transformer and the conduction loss of the semiconductor elements constituting the full bridge. In addition, since a simultaneous ON period is provided in the transformer secondary-side rectifying semiconductor element, current is shunted between the secondary-side rectifying semiconductor elements within the reflux period, and the rectifying semiconductor elements are connected in parallel. Thus, the conduction loss of the rectifying semiconductor element on the secondary side is reduced.

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
As is apparent from the figure, this circuit is different from the conventional circuit shown in FIG. 10 in that capacitors 221, 225, diodes 222, 224, 226, 228, and inductances 223, 227 are added on the secondary side. It is a feature.
An arm in which a capacitor 221 and a diode 222 are connected in series is connected in parallel to the semiconductor element 231, an anode of the diode 224 is connected to a cathode of the diode 222, a cathode of the diode 224 is connected to one end of the inductance 223, and The other end is connected to the second output terminal of the secondary winding 142.

Further, an arm in which a capacitor 225 and a diode 226 are connected in series is connected in parallel to the semiconductor element 232, an anode of the diode 228 is connected to a cathode of the diode 226, a diode 228 cathode is connected to one end of the inductance 227, and an inductance 227 Is connected to the first output terminal of the secondary winding 142.
When the voltage induced in the secondary winding 142 of the transformer 140 becomes zero, a recirculation operation is performed by an additional circuit, and the current flowing in the secondary winding 142 of the transformer 140 is shunted to the semiconductor element of the opposite arm. Copper loss and conduction loss of the primary side full bridge circuit are reduced.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the operation of FIG.
In FIG. 2, the gate signals as indicated by Q11, Q12, Q13, and Q14 are given to the semiconductor elements 131, 132, 133, and 134 constituting the primary side full bridge circuit, respectively, while the gate signals indicated by S1 and S2 are secondary. To the semiconductor elements 231 and 232 constituting the rectifier circuit on the side. As in the conventional circuit, when the semiconductor elements 131 and 134 are turned on, a positive voltage Vtr2 (see arrow) is induced in the secondary winding 142 of the transformer 140, and the semiconductor element 232 and the inductance 233 of the rectifier circuit The rectified, smoothed and DC voltage is supplied to the load 251 through the output capacitor 211. At this time, before the semiconductor elements 132 and 133 of the opposing arm of the primary side full bridge circuit are turned on, a phase shift operation is performed by the gate signal, and a period in which the semiconductor elements 131 and 133 are simultaneously turned on is provided.

  When a positive voltage is induced in the transformer secondary winding, current flows through the path of the secondary winding 142 → the inductance 233 → the output capacitor 211 → the semiconductor element 232 → the secondary winding 142 (FIG. 3 ( In the added circuit, a current also flows in the path of the secondary winding 142 → the capacitor 221 → the diode 224 → the inductance 223 → the secondary winding 142 (see the dotted line path in FIG. 3A). ), The capacitor 221 is charged. The inductance 223 has a role of suppressing the peak value of the charging current and preventing an increase in loss.

  When the voltage induced in the secondary winding of the transformer 140 becomes zero, the capacitor 221 is discharged, but the path is the capacitor 221, the secondary winding 142, the semiconductor element 232, the diode 222, and the capacitor 221 (FIG. 3 ( a)). This discharge operation tends to cancel the current that continues to flow through the secondary winding 142 of the transformer 140. For this reason, the current flowing through the secondary winding 142 of the transformer 140 is shunted to the semiconductor element 231 (see FIG. 3C).

  Here, unlike the conventional example, a period in which the semiconductor elements 231 and 232 of the secondary rectifier circuit are simultaneously conducted, that is, a period Tb shown in FIG. 2 is provided, and the semiconductor element 231 is already turned on in this period. As a result, in the period Tb in FIG. 2, the current Itr2 (see FIG. 2) flowing through the secondary winding 142 is lower than that in the prior art. Therefore, the return current flowing through the primary circuit is reduced, and the conduction loss of the semiconductor element of the full bridge circuit 130 and the copper loss of the primary winding 141 and the secondary winding 142 of the transformer 140 are reduced. Further, during this period, the current Is1 flowing through the semiconductor element 232 is shunted to the semiconductor element 231, and the two semiconductor elements 231 and 232 are connected in parallel, so that conduction loss is reduced.

On the same principle, when a voltage is induced in the secondary winding 142 of the transformer 140 in the negative direction, the capacitor 225 is charged / discharged, and the current flowing through the semiconductor element 231 is shunted to the semiconductor element 232 by this return operation, and the Tc period In addition, the current Itr2 flowing in the secondary winding 142 is reduced as compared with the conventional example. As a result, the conduction loss of the semiconductor element of the full bridge circuit and the copper loss of the primary winding 141 and the secondary winding 142 of the transformer 140 are reduced. Further, during this period, the current Is2 flowing through the semiconductor element 231 is divided into the semiconductor element 232, which is the same as the two semiconductor elements 231 and 232 being connected in parallel, so that conduction loss is reduced.
Further, by performing the return operation in the secondary circuit, the current flowing to the primary side when the semiconductor elements 133 and 134 are turned on is reduced, so that the soft switching capacitors 137 and 138 can be omitted.

  FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. Here, capacitors 221 and 225, diodes 222, 224, 226, and 228 and an inductance 227 are added to the secondary side of the conventional example. A series connection arm of the capacitor 221 and the diode 222 is connected in parallel to the semiconductor element 231, and a series connection arm of the capacitor 225 and the diode 226 is connected in parallel to the semiconductor element 232, and the cathode of the diode 222 and the inductances 233 and 234 are connected. A series connection arm of a diode 224 and an inductance 227 is connected between the connection point, the cathode of the diode 228 is connected to the cathode of the diode 224, and the anode of the diode 228 is connected to the cathode of the diode 226.

  Also in FIG. 4, when the voltage induced in the secondary winding 142 of the transformer 140 becomes zero, the additional circuit performs a reflux operation, and the current flowing in the secondary winding 142 of the transformer 140 is shunted to the semiconductor element of the opposing arm. The copper loss of the transformer 140 and the conduction loss of the primary-side full bridge circuit are the same as in FIG. 1 except that only the charging path of the capacitors 221 and 225 is different. explain.

  When a voltage in the positive direction is induced in the transformer secondary winding, current flows through the path of secondary winding 142 → inductance 233 → output capacitor 211 → semiconductor element 232 → secondary winding 142 (FIG. 6 ( In the added circuit, a current also flows through the path of the secondary winding 142 → the capacitor 221 → the diode 224 → the inductance 227 → the output capacitor 211 → the semiconductor element 232 → the secondary winding 142 (see a) of FIG. The capacitor 221 is charged, see the dotted line path in FIG. The inductance 227 has a role of suppressing the peak value of the charging current and preventing an increase in loss.

  When the voltage induced in the secondary winding of the transformer 140 becomes zero, the capacitor 221 is discharged. The discharge path is capacitor 221 → secondary winding 142 → semiconductor element 232 → diode 222 → capacitor 221 (see FIG. 6B). By this discharge operation, the current flowing through the secondary winding of the transformer 140 is shunted to the semiconductor element 231 as in the case of FIG. 1, and flows through the secondary winding during the period Tb as shown in FIG. The current Itr2 is lower than that of the conventional example. As a result, the conduction loss of the semiconductor element of the full bridge circuit and the copper loss of the primary winding 141 and the secondary winding 142 of the transformer 140 can be reduced. In this period, the current Is1 flowing through the semiconductor element 232 is shunted to the semiconductor element 231 (see FIG. 6C), which is the same as the two semiconductor elements 231 and 232 being connected in parallel. Therefore, the conduction loss is reduced.

On the same principle, when a voltage is induced in the secondary winding 142 of the transformer 140 in the negative direction, the capacitor 225 is charged / discharged, and the current flowing through the semiconductor element 231 is shunted to the semiconductor element 232 by this return operation, and the Tc period In addition, the current Itr2 flowing in the secondary winding 142 is reduced as compared with the conventional example. As a result, the conduction loss of the semiconductor element of the full bridge circuit and the copper loss of the primary winding 141 and the secondary winding 142 of the transformer 140 are reduced. Further, during this period, the current Is2 flowing through the semiconductor element 231 is divided into the semiconductor element 232, which is the same as the two semiconductor elements 231 and 232 being connected in parallel, so that conduction loss is reduced.
Further, by performing the return operation in the secondary circuit, the current flowing to the primary side when the semiconductor elements 133 and 134 are turned on is reduced, so that the soft switching capacitors 137 and 138 can be omitted.

  FIG. 7 shows a third embodiment of the present invention. This example is characterized in that a center tap (intermediate terminal) is provided on the secondary side of the transformer 140, and capacitors 221, 225, diodes 222, 224, 226, 228, and an inductance 236 are added. A circuit in which a capacitor 225 and a diode 226 are connected in series is connected in parallel with the semiconductor element 232, a circuit in which a capacitor 221 and a diode 222 are connected in series is connected in parallel with the semiconductor element 231, and a transformer secondary side center tap and a diode are connected. A series circuit of a diode 228 and an inductance 236 is connected between the anodes of 226, the anode of the diode 224 is connected to the anode of the diode 228, and the cathode of the diode 224 is connected to the anode of the diode 222.

  In the configuration as shown in FIG. 7, gate signals as indicated by Q11, Q12, Q13, and Q14 in FIG. 8 are given to the semiconductor elements 131, 132, 133, and 134 constituting the primary side full bridge circuit, respectively, while S1, The gate signal indicated by S2 is supplied to the semiconductor elements 231 and 232 constituting the secondary rectifier circuit, respectively. At this time, as in the conventional circuit, when the semiconductor elements 131 and 134 are turned on, a positive voltage Vtr2 is induced in the secondary winding 142 of the transformer 140, and the charge / discharge operation of the capacitor 221 in the additional circuit is as follows. To be done.

When a positive voltage Vtr2 is induced in the secondary winding 142 of the transformer 140, a current flows through a path of the secondary winding 142 → semiconductor element 232 → inductance 235 → output capacitor 211 → secondary winding 142. Since the voltage Vtr3 is induced in the secondary winding 143, the capacitor 221 is charged. The charging path is as follows: secondary winding 143 → inductance 236 → diode 224 → capacitor 221 → secondary winding 143 (see the dotted line path in FIG. 9A). Current also flows through the path of the secondary winding 142 (see the solid line path in FIG. 9A), and the capacitor 211 is charged.
When the voltage induced in the secondary winding becomes zero, the capacitor 221 is discharged. The discharge path is capacitor 221 → diode 222 → semiconductor element 232 → secondary winding 142 → capacitor 221 (see FIG. 9B).

  By performing such a reflux operation, the current flowing through the semiconductor element 232 is divided into the semiconductor element 231 (see FIG. 9C). As a result, as shown in FIG. 8, the current flowing through the primary 141 of the transformer 140 is proportional to the difference between the current flowing through the secondary winding 142 and the current flowing through 143 during this return period, and thus is lower than the conventional example. Thus, the conduction loss of the semiconductor element of the full bridge circuit and the copper loss of the primary winding 141 of the transformer 140 are reduced. Further, during this period, the current Is1 flowing through the semiconductor element 232 is shunted to the semiconductor element 231, and is the same as the two semiconductor elements 231 and 232 connected in parallel, so that conduction loss is reduced.

Based on the same principle, when a negative voltage is induced in the secondary winding 142, loss can be similarly reduced.
Further, by performing the recirculation operation in the secondary circuit, when the semiconductor elements 133 and 134 are turned on, the current flowing to the primary side is reduced, so that the soft switching capacitors 137 and 138 can be omitted.

1 is a circuit diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention. Waveform diagram illustrating the control method of FIG. 1A is an operation explanatory diagram of FIG. 1, (a) is an explanatory diagram of a charging path of the capacitor 221, (b) is an explanatory diagram of a discharging path of the capacitor 221, and (c) is an explanatory diagram of a shunting operation of the secondary side rectifier circuit. Circuit diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention Waveform diagram illustrating the control method of FIG. 4A and 4B are explanatory diagrams of operation, in which FIG. 4A is an explanatory diagram of a charging path of the capacitor 221, FIG. 4B is an explanatory diagram of a discharging path of the capacitor 221, and FIG. Circuit diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention Waveform diagram illustrating the control method of FIG. FIGS. 7A and 7B are operation explanatory views of FIG. 7, in which FIG. 7A is an explanatory view of a charging path of the capacitor 221, FIG. 7B is an explanatory view of a discharging path of the capacitor 221, and FIG. Circuit diagram showing a conventional example Explanatory drawing explaining the control method of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

111 ... DC power supply, 131,132,133,134,231,232 ... semiconductor element, 113,135,136,137,138,211,221,225 ... capacitor, 122,233,234,235,236 ... inductance, 222, 224, 226, 228 ... diode, 251 ... load, 140 ... transformer, 141, 142, 143 ... transformer winding.

Claims (3)

A first arm in which a first semiconductor element and a second semiconductor element are connected in series, a second arm in which a third semiconductor element and a fourth semiconductor element are connected in series, and a DC power supply are connected in parallel. And connecting a series circuit of a DC cut capacitor, a resonance inductance, and a primary winding of a transformer between the connection point of the first arm and the connection point of the second arm,
A third arm in which the fifth semiconductor element and the first inductance are connected in series, a fourth arm in which the sixth semiconductor element and the second inductance are connected in series, an output capacitor, and a load are connected in parallel. And connecting the secondary winding of the transformer between the connection point of the third arm and the connection point of the fourth arm, and connecting a series circuit of a first diode and a first capacitor to the first circuit. A series circuit of a second diode and a second capacitor is connected in parallel with the sixth semiconductor element, and a series circuit of a third diode and a third inductance is connected in parallel with the semiconductor element of FIG. A series circuit of a fourth diode and a fourth inductance is connected between the connection point of the first diode and the first capacitor and the second terminal of the secondary winding of the transformer. Two die A period of time during which the fifth and sixth semiconductor elements are simultaneously turned on is connected between a connection point between the first capacitor and the second capacitor and the first terminal of the secondary winding of the transformer. Switching power supply. A first arm in which a first semiconductor element and a second semiconductor element are connected in series, a second arm in which a third semiconductor element and a fourth semiconductor element are connected in series, and a DC power supply are connected in parallel. And connecting a series circuit of a DC cut capacitor, a resonance inductance, and a primary winding of a transformer between the connection point of the first arm and the connection point of the second arm,
A third arm in which the fifth semiconductor element and the first inductance are connected in series, a fourth arm in which the sixth semiconductor element and the second inductance are connected in series, an output capacitor, and a load are connected in parallel. And connecting the secondary winding of the transformer between the connection point of the third arm and the connection point of the fourth arm, and connecting a series circuit of a first diode and a first capacitor to the first circuit. A series circuit of a second diode and a second capacitor is connected in parallel with the sixth semiconductor element, respectively, and a connection point between the first inductance and the second inductance; A series circuit of a third diode and a third inductance is connected between the connection point of the first diode and the first capacitor, and the connection between the second diode and the second capacitor is made. And said third diode and fourth diode between a connection point between the third inductance connected, the fifth, sixth switching power supply apparatus characterized by providing a period for turning on at the same time the semiconductor device. A first arm in which a first semiconductor element and a second semiconductor element are connected in series, a second arm in which a third semiconductor element and a fourth semiconductor element are connected in series, and a DC power supply are connected in parallel. And connecting a series circuit of a DC cut capacitor, a resonance inductance, and a primary winding of a transformer between the connection point of the first arm and the connection point of the second arm,
One end of a fifth semiconductor element and one end of a sixth semiconductor element are connected to the first and second output terminals on the secondary side of the transformer, respectively, and the other end of the fifth semiconductor element and the sixth semiconductor element are connected. A series circuit of a first inductance and an output capacitor is connected between the other end of the transformer and the center tap of the transformer, a load is connected in parallel with the output capacitor, and a second circuit is connected in parallel with the fifth semiconductor element. A series circuit of one capacitor and a first diode, or a series circuit of a second capacitor and a second diode in parallel with the sixth semiconductor element, respectively, and the first capacitor and the first diode A series circuit of a third diode and a second inductance is connected between the connection point of the first diode and the center tap of the transformer, and the second capacitor and the second diode are connected to each other. A fourth diode is connected between a connection point and the connection point of the third diode and the second inductance, and a period for simultaneously turning on the fifth and sixth semiconductor elements is provided. Switching power supply.

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