JP2005314549A - Gasification furnace apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gasification furnace apparatus which stably generates generated gas using as a fuel various kinds of coals (including fine powder coal and coal slurry), sludges, biomass fuels or the like, and attains a high gasification efficiency. <P>SOLUTION: The gasification furnace apparatus 1 is equipped with a gasification furnace 10 which is provided with a partial combustion region 10a for burning a part of a solid fuel and generates generated gas by heating the remaining solid fuel by the combustion heat of the combustion, a heat exchanging means 21 for forming an oxidative gas for high-temperature combustion by heating the oxidative gas for combustion up to the ignition point of the solid fuel or a higher temperature by the generated gas discharged from the gasification furnace, a high-temperature oxidative gas-supplying means 12 for supplying the oxidative gas for the high-temperature combustion to the partial combustion region of the gasification furnace, and a fuel-supplying means 11 for supplying the solid fuel to the partial combustion region of the gasification furnace to burn a part of the solid fuel. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a gasification furnace in which a part of solid fuel is combusted and the remaining solid fuel is heated by the combustion heat to generate product gas in gasification combined cycle power generation or the like.

Conventionally, gasification furnaces are known in which only a part of a solid fuel is burned, the remaining solid fuel is heated by the combustion heat, and the product gas is generated by thermal decomposition. Since the product gas generated by such a gasification furnace contains a combustible gas, for example, it may be used as a raw material for hydrogen gas production. For example, a gas containing a gasification furnace as a part of the process It may be used as a fuel gas for a gas turbine in an integrated combined cycle power generation (IGCC) (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Gasification combined cycle power generation has an excellent feature that it is possible to generate power with high thermal efficiency, and a gasification furnace is indispensable for generating a product gas to be a fuel of the above combined cycle from solid fuel. Consists of elements.
JP 2000-213307 A

  By the way, when a part of the fuel is burned in the gasifier, combustion air or oxygen (hereinafter referred to as “combustion air” or the like) is supplied into the gasifier. Since this is only an amount for burning the part, a reducing atmosphere is formed in the gasification furnace by the combustion. Further, since low-temperature combustion air or the like flows into the gasification furnace, the ambient temperature in the partial combustion region in the gasification furnace is lowered, eventually forming a low-temperature reducing atmosphere and improving the ignitability of the fuel. Since it decreases, combustion becomes unstable and there is a risk of extinction.

  In the prior art, in addition to the fuel that is pyrolyzed into the product gas and the fuel that supplies the thermal energy necessary for heating and pyrolysis of the fuel by combustion, a constant for heating the combustion air and the like described above. An amount of fuel was supplied into the gasifier, and the temperature in the gasifier was raised to perform combustion. However, this “a certain amount of fuel for heating the combustion air” burns in the gasification furnace and does not contribute to the generation of the product gas, so the same amount of product gas is produced accordingly. As a result, the amount of fuel required for the increase increases the gasification efficiency.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention of Patent Document 1 described above preheats combustion oxygen by heat exchange with the product gas. However, the invention also preheats the temperature of combustion oxygen to about 450 ° C. at most. It is only disclosed. For this reason, in particular, when using coal as a fuel that is difficult to volatilize or pyrolyze and does not easily generate product gas, such as biomass fuel such as wood chips with a high water content and sludge, etc., as a fuel, It is necessary to increase the supply amount, and fuel is consumed to heat the entire atmosphere containing combustion oxygen to a high temperature, and it cannot be said that the gasification efficiency can be improved sufficiently.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to stably produce gas using coal of various coal types (including pulverized coal and coal slurry), sludge, biomass fuel, and the like as fuel. An object of the present invention is to provide a gasification furnace device that can generate and achieve high gasification efficiency.

  In order to achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a gasification comprising a partial combustion region in which a part of solid fuel is combusted and generating a product gas by heating the remaining solid fuel by the combustion heat of the combustion. A furnace, heat exchange means for generating a high-temperature combustion oxidizing gas by heating the combustion oxidizing gas to a temperature higher than the ignition temperature of the solid fuel by the generated gas discharged from the gasification furnace, and the high-temperature combustion oxidizing High-temperature oxidizing gas supply means for supplying gas to the partial combustion region of the gasification furnace; and fuel supply means for supplying the solid fuel to the partial combustion region of the gasification furnace and combusting part of the solid fuel. A gasification furnace device is provided. Various solid fuels can be applied to the present invention, and the “solid fuel” here includes solid fuels such as coal and wood chips, and slurries such as sludge and coal slurry. Further, the “product gas” may include a combustion gas generated by burning the product gas in addition to a product gas generated by thermal decomposition of the solid fuel.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in a fluidized bed furnace type gasification furnace device having a fluidized bed made of a fluidized medium disposed at the bottom of the furnace body and fluidizing the fluidized bed, part of the solid fuel A gasification furnace that forms a partial combustion region on the upper side of the fluidized bed and heats the remaining solid fuel by the combustion heat of the combustion to generate product gas, and the generation exhausted from the gasification furnace A heat exchange means for generating a high-temperature combustion oxidation gas by heating the combustion oxidation gas to a temperature equal to or higher than the ignition temperature of the solid fuel, and an aeration for injecting and fluidizing the high-temperature combustion oxidation gas into the fluidized bed There is provided a gasifier apparatus comprising: means; and fuel supply means for supplying the solid fuel to the fluidized bed and combusting a part of the solid fuel.

The fuel supply unit may further include a post-stage fuel supply unit that supplies a solid fuel downstream from the jet port of the fuel supply unit and further generates a product gas by thermally decomposing the solid fuel.
The apparatus may further comprise dust removing means for removing dust from the generated gas and dust supply means for ejecting the dust removed by the dust removing means to the partial combustion region.

The combustion oxidizing gas may be air (Claim 5) or oxygen (Claim 6).
The heat exchange means may be a multi-tube heat exchanger (Claim 7) or a heat storage heat exchanger (Claim 8).
The solid fuel may be coal, and the heat exchange means may heat the combustion oxidizing gas temperature to 800 ° C. or higher.

  The gasification furnace apparatus according to claim 1 uses the high-temperature product gas released from the gasification furnace as a heat source, and heats the combustion oxidizing gas to a temperature equal to or higher than the ignition temperature of the solid fuel by heat exchange means. And the oxidizing gas is supplied to the gasifier by the high temperature oxidizing gas supply means, and part of the solid fuel supplied from the fuel supply nozzle is combusted to increase the temperature of the partial combustion region of the gasifier, Residual coal is pyrolyzed to generate product gas, and in particular, the gasification furnace is heated by using the high temperature mixed gas released from the gasification furnace as the heat source and the combustion oxidizing gas is heated above the ignition temperature of the solid fuel. It is characterized by supplying it to the partial fuel region.

The following four effects can be obtained by the technical features of the first aspect of the invention.
First, since the combustion oxidizing gas is heated to a temperature higher than the ignition temperature of the fuel by the heat energy of the generated gas using the heat exchange means, the atmosphere in the gasifier becomes a high temperature and is stable even in a reducing atmosphere. Combustion can be maintained, and there is no need to burn a certain amount of fuel extra to heat the combustion oxidizing gas. Therefore, more product gas can be obtained with the same amount of fuel as compared with the prior art, that is, the gasification efficiency is improved.

  Second, the supply of high-temperature combustion oxidizing gas creates a high-temperature atmosphere in the combustion region, promotes the thermal decomposition of the solid fuel, and improves the ignitability. Even when biomass fuel such as wood chips with a high moisture content and sludge, etc. are used as fuel, there is no need to increase the supply of combustion air, etc., and the atmosphere contains increased combustion air, etc. Extra fuel for heating the whole to a high temperature becomes unnecessary, and gasification efficiency can be improved.

  Thirdly, the above-mentioned “promoting thermal decomposition of solid fuel” means, in other words, “increasing the amount of generated gas generated by thermal decomposition”, so that the amount of generated gas obtained from the same amount of fuel is reduced. Increase, ie increase gasification efficiency. This is a completely different effect from the first effect, that is, “a certain amount of fuel for heating the combustion oxidizing gas is no longer necessary, so that the gasification efficiency is improved” and is included in the fuel. This is because the amount of char remaining without thermal decomposition is reduced.

  Fourth, since the oxidizing gas for high-temperature combustion is supplied, the produced gas can be generated using only the sludge having a high water content (for example, 80%) as the fuel without using the auxiliary fuel or the auxiliary burner. In other words, depending on the prior art, when slurry sludge is used as fuel, a large amount of water is evaporated, so oil co-firing or an auxiliary burner is used. Since the oxidizing gas is supplied and the water is evaporated by the heat, these auxiliary devices are not required and only sludge having a high water content can be used as the fuel.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fluidized bed furnace type gasification furnace apparatus, wherein heat generating means for generating high temperature combustion oxidizing gas by heating the combustion oxidizing gas to a temperature higher than the ignition temperature of the solid fuel by the generated gas An air diffuser for injecting and fluidizing an oxidizing gas for high-temperature combustion into the bed and a fuel supply means for supplying the solid fuel to the gasification furnace and combusting a part of the solid fuel. The technical feature is that, in the fluidized bed furnace, as in the first aspect of the invention, the combustion gas is heated to a temperature higher than the ignition temperature of the solid fuel by using the generated gas as a heat source. In the gasification furnace, the same effect as in claim 1 can be obtained.

  According to a third aspect of the invention, there is further provided a rear stage fuel supply means for supplying the solid fuel to the downstream side from the jet port of the fuel fuel supply means and further pyrolyzing the solid fuel to further generate a product gas. Therefore, by effectively utilizing the heat of the flame formed by the combustion of the fuel from the preceding stage fuel supply means, the solid fuel supplied from the subsequent stage fuel supply means is pyrolyzed to generate a product gas, thereby improving the gasification efficiency. It can be further increased.

  According to the invention of claim 4, further comprising dust removing means for removing dust from the generated gas, and dust supplying means for ejecting the dust removed by the dust removing means to the partial combustion region. Dust is removed, and there is no possibility of causing clogging due to abrasion or adhesion of dust in a gas turbine apparatus or the like that is connected to the downstream of the gasification furnace apparatus and burns the generated gas from the gasification furnace apparatus. Moreover, since the combustible component contained in the dust can be returned to the gasification furnace and combusted, the gasification efficiency can be improved.

As the oxidizing gas for high-temperature combustion, various gases can be used as long as the gas contains oxygen at an appropriate concentration. However, it is possible to reduce supply costs by using air (claim 5). Oxygen can be used so that nitrogen is not contained in the product gas, and the heat generation amount per unit volume (or unit weight) of the product gas can be increased (claim 6).
In addition, various methods can be adopted as the heat exchange means. However, when a multi-tube heat exchanger (Claim 7) is applied, a switching valve is not required at the portion where the high temperature gas comes into contact, or an inexpensive animal heat material. Use of a heat storage type heat exchanger (Claim 8) that causes livestock heat to heat is advantageous in terms of cost compared to a multi-tube heat exchanger that requires the use of a high-temperature heat-resistant material.

  Furthermore, as the solid fuel of the present invention, various fuels such as sludge and biomass fuel can be used. When the solid fuel is coal, the ignitability of coal varies depending on the coal type, but various coal types Considering the above, by setting the temperature to 800 ° C. or higher (Claim 9), high ignitability is ensured and high gasification efficiency can be obtained.

A mode for carrying out the present invention will be described based on various embodiments with reference to the drawings.
A gasification furnace apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 is configured, for example, as a part of an IGCC, generates a generated gas using coal slurry FL as a fuel, and serves as a fuel for a gas turbine power generation facility. The product gas is supplied.
The gasification furnace device 1 includes a partial combustion region 10a in which a part of the coal slurry (solid fuel) FL is dried (moisture evaporated) and combusted, and the remaining coal slurry FL is dried and heated by the combustion heat of the combustion. By using the gasification furnace 10 for generating the product gas G and the product gas G discharged from the gasification furnace 10, the combustion oxidizing gas BA is heated to the ignition temperature (for example, 800 ° C.) or more of the coal (dry coal). Multi-tube heat exchanger (heat exchange means) 21 that generates high-temperature combustion air BAH (oxidation gas for high-temperature combustion), and high-temperature air that jets high-temperature combustion air BAH to the partial combustion region 10a of the gasification furnace 10 A nozzle 12 (high temperature oxidizing gas supply means), a fuel supply pipe (fuel supply means) 11 for supplying the coal slurry FL to the partial combustion region 10a of the gasification furnace 10 and drying and burning a part of the coal slurry FL, etc. Ready It is.

  The gasification furnace 10 has a vertical cylindrical shape whose both ends are closed by a hemispherical lid and a bottom, and a coal slurry FL supplied from a slurry reservoir (not shown) is placed in a partial combustion region 10a on the upper lid. A fuel supply pipe 11 for burning a part thereof to form a flame F, a high-temperature air nozzle 12 for injecting high-temperature combustion air BAH to the vicinity of the flame F, and the like, and the bottom of the gasifier 10 Is provided with a product gas exhaust port 10c connected to the product gas inlet 21a of the heat exchanger 21 via a pipe. The gasification furnace 10 includes a partial combustion region 10a in the vicinity of the fuel nozzle 11 where a portion of the coal slurry FL is dried and burned to form a flame F, and a lower side of the partial combustion region 10a (flow of generated gas). The remaining coal slurry FL is dried and thermally decomposed by the radiant heat of the flame F and the heat of the combustion exhaust gas, and is divided into a gas generation region 10b in which a generated gas G is generated.

  Although the size of the gasification furnace 10 is not particularly limited, the diameter and height of the partial region 10a are set so as not to prevent the formation of the flame F by partial combustion, and the generated gas G is within the gas generating region 10b. Considering the descending speed of the product gas G and the reaction time of pyrolysis so that the coal slurry accompanying the product gas G is all dried and pyrolyzed while it flows down. The height of the gas generation region is set, and the diameter and height of the gasification furnace 10 are set as a whole. The reason why the product gas exhaust port 10c is arranged at the bottom is to ensure a sufficient descent time of the product gas G in the gas generation region 10b.

  The fuel supply pipe 11 is attached to the gasification furnace 10 lid so as to face the partial combustion region 10a, and has a function of supplying coal slurry FL supplied from a slurry supply reservoir (not shown) to the combustion region 10a. Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular about the shape of a fuel supply pipe | tube 11, a magnitude | size, a material, a supply direction, etc., The thing of the various types which can supply coal slurry FL to the desired position of the partial combustion area | region 10a without obstruction | occlusion is employable. Moreover, the ignition apparatus which is not shown in figure which can ignite dry coal is also provided.

The high-temperature air nozzle 12 opens to the lid portion of the gasification furnace 10 and causes the high-temperature combustion air BAH to be appropriately swirled in an appropriate direction to be ejected to the partial combustion region 10a, and has various ejection functions. The format can be adopted.
The multitubular heat exchanger 21 is disposed below the gasification furnace 10, and the product gas inlet 21a of the multitubular heat exchanger 21 has a product gas exhaust port 10c and a product gas outlet 21b, which will be described later. A combustion air inlet 21d is connected to the inlet of the apparatus 22 to an air supply device (not shown), and a combustion air outlet 21c is connected to the high temperature air nozzle 12 via a pipe.

  The heat exchanger 21 flows in the high-temperature product gas G discharged from the product gas exhaust port 10c, and the combustion air BA supplied from an air supply device (not shown) using the product gas G as a heat source, for example, 800 It has a function of heating to 0 ° C. and ejecting it from the high temperature air nozzle 12 to the partial combustion region 10a as high temperature combustion air BAH. The multi-tube heat exchanger 21 is a known one, and the shape, material, and the like are not particularly limited. For example, heat exchange is performed between the generated gas G at 900 to 1000 ° C. and the combustion air BA. Therefore, sufficient heat resistance is required for portions such as the heat transfer surface, and for example, a heat resistant alloy can be suitably used.

A hopper 31 for storing molten ash slag is further disposed below the heat exchanger 21. A slag outlet 21e opens at the bottom of the heat exchanger 21 and opens to the top of the hopper 31 through a pipe. Connect to inlet 31a.
The product gas outlet 22a of the desulfurizer 22 connected to the product gas outlet 21b of the heat exchanger 21 is connected to a gas turbine combustion chamber (not shown) via a dust collector (not shown). It has the function of supplying the gas turbine combustion chamber via a dust collector after removing sulfur oxides and the like in the product gas G discharged from the heat exchanger 21 with the temperature lowered.

Next, the operation of the gasifier apparatus 1 will be described.
The coal slurry FL is supplied from the fuel supply pipe 11 to the partial combustion region 10a of the gasification furnace 10, moisture contained in a part of the coal slurry FL evaporates, the coal slurry is dried and burned, and the flame F Form. Around the flame F, high-temperature combustion air BAH ejected from the high-temperature air nozzle 12 is ejected and supplied. Further, a part of the remaining coal slurry FL is heated to a high temperature and decomposed to generate product gas (H ₂ , CO, CH ₄ , C ₂ H _2, etc.) G. The product gas G flows downward from the partial combustion region 10a toward the gas generation region 10 together with the combustion exhaust gas generated by the combustion itself. This downward flow is generated by an intake action of a blower (not shown) installed on the further downstream side of the desulfurization device 22, and the flow rate and pressure are appropriately adjusted by the blower and the like. The generated gas G includes unreacted coal slurry FL (including the dried coal slurry), but the unreacted coal slurry FL is the flame F while descending the gas generating region 10b. The product gas G is generated by being dried and thermally decomposed by radiant heat or heat of the high-temperature product gas G. As described above, the height of the gas generation region 10b is such that the product gas G stays in the gas generation region 10b for a time necessary to complete the reaction and then flows out of the gasification furnace 10 from the product gas exhaust port 10c. Since it is set to be discharged, almost all of the coal slurry FL supplied from the fuel nozzle 11 becomes the generated gas G and is discharged from the generated gas exhaust port 10c. Further, the molten ash generated by combustion and thermal decomposition and entrained with the product gas in a molten state due to a high temperature becomes molten ash slag MS and moves down in the gasification furnace 10, and from the product gas exhaust port 10c, It flows into the heat exchanger 21 and is accommodated in the hopper 31 via the heat exchanger slag outlet 21e while being cooled in the middle.

  The hot product gas G flows into the heat exchanger 21 from the product gas exhaust port 10c through a pipe, and the combustion air BA supplied from an air supply device (not shown) is used as an ignition temperature of coal, for example, various coals. In consideration of the seeds, it is heated to 800 ° C. or higher to generate combustion air BAH, and its temperature is lowered. Note that the temperature of the generated gas is set in consideration of a temperature suitable as a gas turbine fuel. The product gas G whose temperature has been reduced is removed as a fuel to, for example, a combustion chamber of a gas turbine (not shown) after removing sulfur oxides and the like with a desulfurizer 22 and further with a dust collector (not shown). The The temperature of the product gas G discharged from the desulfurization device 22 is adjusted so as to meet the receiving conditions of the gas turbine equipment and the like connected to the subsequent stage as described above.

On the other hand, the high-temperature combustion air BAH heated in the multi-tube heat exchanger 21 is jetted and supplied from the high-temperature air nozzle 12 to the vicinity of the flame F formed in the partial combustion region 10a.
In the prior art, extra fuel is required for heating the combustion air. However, in the present gasifier apparatus 1, such extra fuel is unnecessary, and most of the fuel supplied to the gasifier 10 is pyrolyzed. Since the product gas is generated, the gasification efficiency is improved. According to the inventor's estimation, when the produced gas G is produced by the present apparatus 1, the amount of combustion air supplied into the gasification furnace 10 can be reduced by about 10 to 15% compared to the prior art. . The fact that the combustion air can be reduced means that the amount of fuel combusted for heating in the gasification furnace 10 is reduced, and that fuel contributes to the generation of the product gas G. In other words, as much product gas G can be obtained with the same fuel amount, that is, the gasification efficiency is improved.

Although the description of the gasifier apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment is completed as described above, it is needless to say that the gasifier apparatus according to the first embodiment has various aspects. Another embodiment according to the following will be described.
In the first embodiment, the product gas G discharged from the heat exchanger 21 is directly supplied to the desulfurization device 22, but as shown in FIG. 2, the product gas outlet 21b of the heat exchanger 21 and the desulfurization device 22 A cyclone (dust removing means) 32 is interposed between the two to remove dust (including fly ash and char) in the generated gas G, and the gas G is supplied to the desulfurizer 22 and removed. It is good also as a structure which returns dust to the gasification furnace 10 via the dust nozzle (dust supply means) 33 installed in the hot air nozzle 12 vicinity. The dust contained in the generated gas G is removed by the cyclone 32 to prevent clogging and wear due to dust in the desulfurization device 22 and further a gas turbine device connected to the downstream flow, and the removed dust is gasified. It can be returned to the furnace 10 for combustion or melting treatment, and especially the char can be gasified in the gasification furnace 10 to further improve the gasification efficiency.

  In the first embodiment, the fuel supply pipe 11 is installed only so as to face the partial combustion region 10a. However, as shown in FIG. 3, in addition to the fuel supply tube 11, the rear stage fuel supply is provided so as to face the gas generation region 10b. A pipe (second-stage fuel supply means) 41 may be installed. In this case, a flame is formed by a part of the coal slurry FL supplied from the fuel supply pipe 11, and the inside of the gasification furnace 10 becomes high temperature. On the other hand, the coal slurry FL supplied from the post-stage fuel supply pipe 41 is heated by the radiant heat from the flame, but no combustion air is supplied, and a strong reducing atmosphere is provided in the vicinity of the post-stage fuel supply pipe 41. Is formed, and most of the coal slurry FL does not burn, and is dried and pyrolyzed to generate a product gas G.

In the first embodiment, the heat exchanging means is a multi-tubular heat exchanger, but an alternating or rotating heat storage type heat exchanger can also be used as the heat exchanging means.
Furthermore, in the first embodiment, air is used as the combustion oxidizing gas, but oxygen may be used instead. When oxygen is used, nitrogen is not contained in the product gas, and the heat generation amount per unit volume (or unit weight) of the product gas increases.

  In the first embodiment, the coal slurry FL is used as the solid fuel, but biomass fuel such as pulverized coal, coarser granular coal or wood chips, or sludge having a water content of about 80% is used. It can also be used. In particular, when sludge is used, it is necessary to evaporate the water contained in the sludge before combustion or generation of product gas by thermal decomposition. Since the air BAH is supplied, the moisture is obtained by using only sludge as fuel without using auxiliary fuel or auxiliary burner, as in the case of the production gas generation process by drying, partial combustion and pyrolysis of the coal slurry of the first embodiment. The product gas can be generated by evaporation.

In the first embodiment, the gasifier is used for the purpose of supplying fuel to the gasification combined cycle power generation. However, a fuel production system such as hydrogen gas, dimethyl ether or methanol, or a gasification fuel cell power generation system (IGFC) is used. ) Etc. can also be considered.
A gasifier apparatus 50 according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
The gasification furnace apparatus 50 applies the present invention to a gasification furnace 51 of a spouted bed furnace type using pulverized coal as a fuel, and the shape and structure of the gasification furnace 51 and the resulting gas, molten ash Since the flow of slag, etc. is different, and the fuel does not contain moisture, there is a difference such as partial drying and thermal decomposition without drying of the fuel, but other basic device configuration and effects Is the same as in the first embodiment.

  The gasifier 50 includes a partial combustion region 52a for burning a part of pulverized coal (solid fuel) FC, and heats the remaining pulverized coal FC with the combustion heat of the combustion to generate a product gas G. The combustion oxidizing gas BA is heated above the ignition temperature of the pulverized coal (for example, 800 ° C.) or higher by the gasification furnace 51 and the generated gas G discharged from the gasification furnace 51, and the high-temperature combustion air BAH (oxidation for high-temperature combustion) A multi-tube heat exchanger (heat exchanging means) 57 for generating gas), a high-temperature air nozzle (high-temperature oxidizing gas supply means) 56 for injecting high-temperature combustion air BAH into the partial combustion region 52a of the gasification furnace 51, The pulverized coal FC is configured to be provided with a fuel nozzle (fuel supply means) 55 or the like that ejects the pulverized coal FC into the partial combustion region 52a of the gasification furnace 51 and burns a part of the pulverized coal FC.

  The gasification furnace 51 includes a partial combustion region 52a in which a part of pulverized coal is combusted, and is disposed on the combustor 52 that forms a flame F by the combustion, and on the upper side of the combustor 52 (the flow of the product gas is the downstream). Are disposed below the reductor 53 and the combustor 52 for thermally decomposing the remaining pulverized coal by the radiant heat of the flame F and the heat of the combustion exhaust gas. The pulverized coal FC combustion in the combustor 52 and the pulverized coal FC in the reductor 53 are disposed. And a hopper 54 for recovering molten ash slag MS generated by thermal decomposition of the ash.

  The combustor 52 is formed of an annular lid portion that communicates with the reductor 53, a cylindrical barrel portion, and a funnel-shaped bottom portion. A fuel nozzle 55 for jetting the pulverized coal FC to be pumped into the partial combustion region 52a in the combustor to form the flame F, a high-temperature air nozzle 56 for jetting the high-temperature combustion air BAH in the vicinity of the flame F, and the like are provided.

  The fuel nozzle 55 is attached to the body of the combustor 52 so as to face the partial combustion region 52a, and has a function of jetting pulverized coal FC pumped by conveying air from a mill (not shown) to the combustion region 52a. There are no particular restrictions on the shape, size, material, ejection direction, swirl strength, density distribution of the ejected fuel, etc., but the pulverized coal FC is not blocked at a desired position in the partial combustion region 52a. Various types that can be ejected can be used. However, it goes without saying that an ignition mechanism (not shown) for igniting the pulverized coal is provided at the tip of the nozzle, and a necessary device such as a slagging prevention device can be appropriately added.

The reductor 53 is formed in a cylindrical shape having a lid at the upper end, the lower end communicates with the combustor 52, and the generated gas G is released from the gasification furnace 51 to the upper end lid (furnace top). The gas exhaust port 53a is provided, and as described above, the remaining pulverized coal FC is pyrolyzed by the radiant heat of the flame of the combustor 52 and the heat from the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas to generate a product gas.
The multi-tube heat exchanger 57 flows in the high-temperature product gas G discharged from the product gas exhaust port 53a of the reductor 53, and the combustion air is supplied from an air supply device (not shown) using the product gas G as a heat source. For example, the BA is heated to 800 ° C. and jetted from the high-temperature air nozzle 56 to the partial combustion region of the combustor 52a as high-temperature combustion air BAH.

The generated gas outlet 58a of the desulfurization device 58 is connected to a gas turbine combustion chamber (not shown) via a dust collector (not shown), and the desulfurization device 58 is discharged from the heat exchanger 57 in a state where the temperature is lowered. It has a function of supplying the product gas G to the equipment after removing sulfur oxides and the like in the product gas G to be produced.
Since the system configuration, equipment, etc. other than those described above are the same as those in the first embodiment, description thereof will be omitted.

Next, the operation of the gasifier apparatus 50 will be described.
A part of the pulverized coal fuel FC ejected from the fuel nozzle 55 is combusted by the high-temperature combustion air BAH supplied from the high-temperature air nozzle 56 to form a high-temperature reducing atmosphere in the partial combustion region 52a. The generated gas G generated by the thermal decomposition of the fuel FC in the partial combustion region 52a and the unburned fuel FC accompanying it are exposed to the radiant heat from the combustion flame F and the high-temperature generated gas G while rising in the reductor 53. As a result, the unburned fuel FC is heated and thermally decomposed to generate a product gas G. The molten ash generated at this time falls down and becomes molten slag MS and is collected in the hopper 54. The hot product gas G is led from the product gas outlet 53a at the top of the reductor to the heat exchanger 57 where the combustion air BA is heated to the ignition temperature of the pulverized coal fuel (eg, 800 ° C.) or more, and its temperature is After the sulfur oxide is removed in the desulfurizer 58, it is sent to a combustion chamber of a gas turbine (not shown). On the other hand, as described above, the high-temperature combustion air BAH heated to a high temperature is ejected from the high-temperature air nozzle 56 to the partial combustion region 52a.

Since the generated gas G is generated by the above process, the combustion air is heated by the high-temperature generated gas G, and it is not necessary to add and burn fuel in particular for the heating, thereby improving the gasification efficiency. Needless to say, the same effects as in the first embodiment are produced.
Next, a gasification furnace device 60 according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
This gasification furnace device 60 is an example in which the present invention is applied using a fluidized bed furnace as a gasification furnace 61, and the basic structure, except for the shape, structure, etc. of the gasification furnace 61 and the flow of product gas accompanying it, etc. The system configuration, equipment, etc., and their operational effects are the same as in the first embodiment.

  The gasification furnace device 60 is a gasification furnace facility using coal slurry (solid fuel) FL as a fuel. A fluidized bed of sand as a fluidized medium is formed in the vicinity of the bottom, and the coal slurry is fluidized while fluidizing the fluidized bed. The gasification furnace 61 which dries FL (moisture evaporation), burns a part thereof, and gasifies the remaining coal slurry FL by drying and pyrolysis, and the generated gas G exhausted from the gasification furnace 61 And a multi-tube heat exchanger (heat exchanging means) 71 that heats the combustion air BA to a temperature at which the coal slurry FL can be dried and heated to an ignition temperature or higher.

  The gasification furnace 61 is a cylindrical structure having a bulge at the top and closed at both upper and lower ends. A hearth 62 is disposed in the vicinity of the bottom, and the gasification furnace 61 is divided into an upper space 63 above the hearth 62 and an air chamber 67 below. The upper space 63 includes a fluidized bed 64 in which sand (fluid medium) 64a is appropriately filled, a partial combustion region 65 in which a part of fluidized coal (dried coal slurry) burns, and further above Reductors 66 near the top of the furnace are formed in this order upward from the hearth 62. A fuel supply pipe 68 for supplying the coal slurry FL into the gasification furnace 61 is opened on the wall of the gasification furnace 61 near the boundary between the partial combustion region 65 and the reductor 66.

  On the other hand, in the vicinity of the top of the gasification furnace 61, a product gas exhaust port 66a for discharging the product gas G generated in the gasification furnace 61 is disposed, and the exhaust port 66a is connected to a multi-tubular heat via a pipe. The product gas G connected to the exchanger 71 and further subjected to heat exchange passes through a desulfurization device 72 that removes sulfur oxides and the like in the product gas G and passes through a dust collector (not shown) to a gas turbine combustion chamber (not shown). ).

The air chamber 67 is provided with a high-temperature air nozzle 67 a that ejects high-temperature combustion air BAH, which will be described later, into the air chamber 67.
In the hearth 62, a large number of air diffusion nozzles (air diffusion means) 62a, which are holes extending vertically through the hearth 62, are opened, and flowed into the air chamber 67 from the high-temperature air nozzle 67a. The structure is such that high-temperature combustion air BAH can be uniformly blown into the fluidized bed 64. The hearth 62 and the diffuser nozzle 62a are each known in a fluidized bed furnace.

The multitubular heat exchanger 71 exchanges heat between the high-temperature product gas G discharged from the product gas exhaust port 66a of the gasification furnace 61 and the combustion air BA, and heats the combustion air BA to generate a high temperature. Combustion air BAH is generated and jetted into the air chamber 67 through the high temperature air nozzle 67a.
The fuel supply pipe (fuel supply means) 68 quantitatively supplies the coal slurry FL onto the fluidized bed of the gasification furnace 61.

Next, the operation of the gasifier apparatus 60 will be described.
The high-temperature combustion air BAH flows into the air chamber 67 through the high-temperature air nozzle 67a, and is uniformly ejected into the fluidized bed 64 through the large number of diffuser nozzles 62a in the hearth 62, and the fluid medium (sand) 64a is sprinkled up. The fluidized bed 64 is fluidized. In this state, the coal slurry FL is supplied onto the fluidized bed 64 from the fuel supply pipe 68. Moisture in the coal slurry FL is immediately evaporated by the high-temperature combustion air BAH, and the fuel FL itself is also dried by moisture evaporation, and part of the fuel FL is heated to the ignition temperature by the high-temperature combustion air BAH. Ignites and forms a combustion flame F. At this time, the remaining unburned coal slurry (and its dried product) is heated by the product gas G including the radiant heat from the flame F and the combustion exhaust gas while rising in the reductor 66 together with the combustion gas, and is generated by thermal decomposition. Gas G is generated.

The product gas G is discharged from the product gas exhaust port 66a and heats the combustion air BA in the heat exchanger 71 to generate high-temperature combustion air BAH of about 800 ° C., for example. In the apparatus 72, sulfur oxides and the like are removed and supplied to a gas turbine combustion chamber (not shown).
Since the generated gas G is generated by the above process, the combustion air is heated by the high-temperature generated gas G, and it is not necessary to add and burn fuel in particular for the heating, thereby improving the gasification efficiency. Needless to say, the same effects as in the first embodiment are produced.

Although the second and third embodiments have been described only as representative examples, it is needless to say that various other modes described in the first embodiment can be applied as appropriate.
In addition, embodiment described here is an example, Comprising: This invention is not limited only to this, It cannot be overemphasized that a change can be added in the range of the summary of this invention.

1 is a system diagram showing a configuration of a gasifier apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a system diagram which shows the structure of the gasification furnace apparatus of another aspect of 1st Example of this invention. It is a system diagram which shows the structure of the gasification furnace apparatus of another aspect of 1st Example of this invention. It is a system diagram which shows the structure of the gasifier apparatus concerning 2nd Example of this Example. It is a system diagram which shows the structure of the gasifier apparatus concerning 3rd Example of this implementation.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 50, 60 Gasifier apparatus 10, 51, 61 Gasifier 10a, 52a, 65 Partial combustion area 11, 68 Fuel supply pipe 12, 56, 67a High temperature air nozzle 21, 57, 71 Multipipe heat exchanger 32 Cyclone 33 Dust nozzle 41 Subsequent fuel supply pipe 55 Fuel nozzle 62 Hearth 62a Aeration nozzle 64 Fluidized bed 64a Sand (fluid medium)

Claims (9)

A gasification furnace comprising a partial combustion region for burning a part of the solid fuel, and heating the remaining solid fuel by the combustion heat of the combustion to generate a product gas;
Heat exchange means for generating a high-temperature combustion oxidizing gas by heating the combustion oxidizing gas above the ignition temperature of the solid fuel by the generated gas discharged from the gasification furnace;
High temperature oxidizing gas supply means for supplying the high temperature combustion oxidizing gas to the partial combustion region of the gasifier,
A gasification furnace apparatus comprising: a fuel supply unit configured to supply part of the solid fuel to the partial combustion region of the gasification furnace and to burn a part of the solid fuel. In a fluidized bed furnace type gasifier having a fluidized bed made of a fluidized medium disposed at the bottom of the furnace body and fluidizing the fluidized bed,
A gasification furnace for forming a partial combustion region for burning a part of the solid fuel above the fluidized bed and heating the remaining solid fuel by the combustion heat of the combustion to generate a product gas;
Heat exchange means for generating a high-temperature combustion oxidizing gas by heating the combustion oxidizing gas above the ignition temperature of the solid fuel by the generated gas discharged from the gasification furnace;
Aeration means for injecting and fluidizing the oxidizing gas for high-temperature combustion into the fluidized bed;
A gasifier apparatus comprising: fuel supply means for supplying the solid fuel to the fluidized bed and combusting a part of the solid fuel.   3. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a post-stage fuel supply means for supplying a solid fuel downstream from an outlet of the fuel supply means and further generating product gas by thermally decomposing the solid fuel. The gasification furnace apparatus in any one of. Dust removing means for removing dust from the generated gas;
The gasifier apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising dust supply means for ejecting dust removed by the dust removing means to the partial combustion region.   The gasification furnace apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the combustion oxidizing gas is air.   The gasifier apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the combustion oxidizing gas is oxygen.   The gasifier apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the heat exchange means is a multi-tube heat exchanger.   The gasifier apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the heat exchange means is a regenerative heat exchanger.   The gasifier according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the solid fuel is coal, and the heat exchange means heats the combustion oxidizing gas temperature to 800 ° C or higher. apparatus.

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