JP2005298783A - Solid waste gasification power generation system - Google Patents

Solid waste gasification power generation system Download PDF

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JP2005298783A
JP2005298783A JP2004142912A JP2004142912A JP2005298783A JP 2005298783 A JP2005298783 A JP 2005298783A JP 2004142912 A JP2004142912 A JP 2004142912A JP 2004142912 A JP2004142912 A JP 2004142912A JP 2005298783 A JP2005298783 A JP 2005298783A
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solid waste
gas
power generation
gasification
generation system
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Tadayoshi Tomita
忠義 富田
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y02E20/18Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10Process efficiency
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/20Waste processing or separation

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  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a solid waste disposal treatment so as to make allowable dispersed location conditions by lowering dioxin content of 0.1 ngEQT/Nm<SP>3</SP>or lower in exhaust gas even under treatment of 10/T/day or less and control of environmental pollutants such as sulfur oxides, hydrogen chloride and dispersed solids of nitrogen oxides at or below the regulated values, and recovering the energy as electric power. <P>SOLUTION: The solid waste is crushed, if necessary, while removing moisture and wet materials as far as possible. Gasification of the solid waste in a gasification furnace having a structure to flow the solid waste from up to down and generated gas in the opposite direction to heat exchange, purification of gas with a wet process, power generation with a gas turbine, recovery of exhausted heat, treatment of nitrogen oxides and exhaustion. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は固体廃棄物をガス化し、環境汚染物質を除去し、ガスタービンで発電し、エネルギー,環境保全に資するシステムに関する。
[背景技術]
The present invention relates to a system that gasifies solid waste, removes environmental pollutants, generates power with a gas turbine, and contributes to energy and environmental conservation.
[Background technology]

1997年12月に施行されたゴミ焼却施設に関する厚生省令による構造・維持管理基準では、ダイオキシン対策として、施設規模を300T/日、少なくとも100/日以上とされた。約1800の全国のゴミ焼却施設の大部分は10T/日以下であったので、非常な混乱を引き起こした。従来より困難であったゴミ焼却施設の立地を更に困難にし、更にゴミの輸送距離の延長をもたらした。(非特許文献1参照。)
又、従来のガス化発電のガス化炉には、円筒形のガス化炉において、ガス化炉の上段部と下段部にガス化剤(酸素又は空気)の供給ノズルを設け、上段のゾルと下段ノズルの間に有機性廃棄物の供給孔、ガス化炉底部に熔融灰の取り出し孔を頂部に、生成ガスの取出し孔を設けた有機性廃棄物用ガス化炉がある。
(例えば特許文献1参照)
又、ガス化手段に供給されるガス化剤を例えば1000°C程度の自己着火温度にまで予熱する方法がある。
(例えば特許文献2参照)
特許文献1によれば、生成ガスがガス化剤である空気又は酸素が噴出される所を通過することになり、安全上問題になる。特許文献2による方法では、ガス化剤の予熱器を1000°C以上に上げなければならず、そのための燃料を考えねばならないので、現実的でない。
[非特許文献1]1997年12月施行 ゴミ焼却施設に関する厚生省令による構造・維持管理基準改正
[特許文献1]特開2003−089794号公報[要約]
[特許文献2]特開平10−299423号公報[要約]
[発明の開示]
[発明が解決しようとする課題]
According to the Ordinance of the Ministry of Health and Welfare regarding the incineration facility in December 1997, the facility scale was set at 300T / day, at least 100 / day or more, as a measure against dioxins. Most of the 1800 trash incineration facilities nationwide were less than 10T / day, which caused great confusion. The location of the garbage incineration facility, which was more difficult than before, has been made more difficult, and the distance of garbage transportation has been extended. (See Non-Patent Document 1.)
Further, in a conventional gasification power generation gasification furnace, in a cylindrical gasification furnace, gasifying agent (oxygen or air) supply nozzles are provided at the upper and lower stages of the gasification furnace, and the upper sol There is an organic waste gasification furnace provided with an organic waste supply hole between the lower nozzles, a molten ash extraction hole at the bottom of the gasification furnace, and a product gas extraction hole.
(For example, see Patent Document 1)
There is also a method in which the gasifying agent supplied to the gasification means is preheated to a self-ignition temperature of about 1000 ° C., for example.
(For example, see Patent Document 2)
According to Patent Document 1, the product gas passes through a gasifying agent where air or oxygen is ejected, which is a safety problem. The method according to Patent Document 2 is not practical because the gasifier preheater must be raised to 1000 ° C. or higher, and the fuel for that purpose must be considered.
[Non-Patent Document 1] Enforced in December 1997 Revision of structure and maintenance management standards according to the Ordinance of the Ministry of Health and Welfare regarding garbage incineration facilities [Patent Document 1] JP 2003-089794 A [Summary]
[Patent Document 2] JP-A-10-299423 [Summary]
[Disclosure of the Invention]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]

従来、廃棄物処理は衛生上、焼却処理を最善とされてきた。しかし、猛毒のダイオキシンの問題は従来の廃棄物処理のあり方を一変させた。排気中のダイオキシン濃度を下げるために焼却炉の大型化が必要とされ、1997年12月の厚生省令改正では、焼却炉の規模は、廃棄物処理量を300T/日以上、少なくとも100T/日以上とされた。この結果、廃棄物の輸送距離の延長、焼却炉の建設用地確保の更なる困難をもたらした。
固体廃棄物による発電では、固体廃棄物を燃焼させ、発生する燃焼ガスと水をボイラーで熱交換して水蒸気を発生させ、水蒸気で蒸気タービンを駆動して発電してきた。
排気の煙突効果を確保するために、排気ガスの温度を確保する必要があり、通常、石灰噴射、電気集塵機等の乾式公害物質除去法が用いられて来た。かくて、固体廃棄物処理について、10T/日以下の小規模施設でも、ダイオキシンの含量を0.1ngEQT/Nm3以下にすること、硫黄酸化物、塩化水素、窒素酸化物、分散固体を十分に除去すること、エネルギーの回収を電力としておこなうことが、求められている。
[課題を解決するための手段]
Conventionally, in terms of hygiene, waste treatment has been best done by incineration. However, the problem of highly toxic dioxins has completely changed the way waste is treated. To reduce the dioxin concentration in the exhaust, it is necessary to increase the size of the incinerator. According to the amendment of the Ordinance of the Ministry of Health and Welfare in December 1997, the scale of the incinerator is more than 300T / day, at least 100T / day. It was said. As a result, the transportation distance of the waste was extended and the construction site of the incinerator was further secured.
In power generation using solid waste, solid waste is burned, the generated combustion gas and water are heat-exchanged by a boiler to generate steam, and steam steam is driven by steam to generate power.
In order to ensure the chimney effect of the exhaust, it is necessary to ensure the temperature of the exhaust gas. Usually, dry pollutant removal methods such as lime injection and electric dust collectors have been used. Thus, for solid waste treatment, even in small-scale facilities of 10 T / day or less, the dioxin content should be 0.1 ng EQT / Nm 3 or less, and sulfur oxides, hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides, and dispersed solids can be sufficiently removed. It is required to recover energy as electric power.
[Means for solving problems]

上記の課題を解決するための手段として、固体廃棄物をガス化して生成ガスを湿式で洗浄し、ガスタービンで発電すると共に、ガス中に含まれるダイオキシンを分解し、更に熱回収を行って、排気ガスを排出する。ガスタービンの燃焼室の温度は800 C以上に達するので、ダイオキシンは以下0.1ngEQT/Nm以下に下げることが出来る。背景技術で紹介した技術もダイオキシン対策を狙ったものと考えられるが、すでに述べたように、ガス化方法が安全上問題があったり、現実的でなかったりしている。
このシステムを有効ならしめるには、固体廃棄物に含まれる水分を十分に除去すると共に、ガス化反応に際しては固体廃棄物が乾燥状態になるガス化炉を用いること、生成ガスの発熱量がガスタービンの仕様に適合することが必要である。
一般廃棄物は多量の水分を含むので、廃棄物を破砕して、水分及び厨芥等の多量の水分を含む成分を分離すると共に、ガス化炉として、固体廃棄物と生成ガスが交流により熱交換する構造とすることにより、固体廃棄物はガス化帯では乾燥状態になりガス化反応がスムーズにに進行する。
又、生成ガスの発熱量を高めるために、ガス化剤として、空気 のみならず、富化空気、酸素の利用も有効である。
生成ガスと固体廃棄物の熱交換が十分に行われることにより、生成ガスの温度は十分に低くなり、湿式のガス洗浄が容易になり熱損失も少なくて済む。
[発明の効果]
As a means for solving the above problems, the solid waste is gasified and the generated gas is washed in a wet manner, and power is generated by a gas turbine, and dioxins contained in the gas are decomposed, and further heat recovery is performed. Exhaust exhaust gas. Since the temperature of the combustion chamber of the gas turbine reaches 800 C or more, dioxins can be lowered to 0.1 ng EQT / Nm or less. The technology introduced in the background art is also considered to be a measure against dioxins, but as already mentioned, the gasification method has safety problems or is not practical.
In order to make this system effective, the water contained in the solid waste is sufficiently removed, and a gasification furnace in which the solid waste is dried during the gasification reaction is used. It is necessary to meet the turbine specifications.
Since general waste contains a large amount of moisture, the waste is crushed to separate components containing a large amount of moisture such as moisture and soot, and as a gasification furnace, solid waste and product gas are exchanged by alternating current. With this structure, the solid waste becomes dry in the gasification zone and the gasification reaction proceeds smoothly.
In addition, not only air but also enriched air and oxygen are effective as a gasifying agent in order to increase the calorific value of the product gas.
When the heat exchange between the product gas and the solid waste is sufficiently performed, the temperature of the product gas becomes sufficiently low, the wet gas cleaning is facilitated, and the heat loss is small.
[The invention's effect]

本発用の方法により廃棄物処理量10T/日以下でも排気ガス中のダイオキシンを0.1ngEQT/Nm 以下に、硫黄酸化物,塩化水素,分散固体も湿式ガス処理により規制値以下に出来、廃棄物のエネルギーを電力に転換出来る。
[発明を実施するための最良の形態]
With this method, dioxins in exhaust gas can be reduced to 0.1 ng EQT / Nm or less, and sulfur oxides, hydrogen chloride, and dispersed solids can also be reduced to the regulated value or less by wet gas treatment even if the waste treatment amount is 10 T / day or less. The energy of things can be converted into electricity.
[Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention]

住民1、000人乃至2、000人程度の地域で実施出来れば、廃棄物のエネルギーを電力と共に地域冷暖房にも利用出来るので、住民の廃棄物処理に対する関心も高まり、協力も得られて、快適な住環境の形成に大いに寄与するものと期待される。
[実施例]
If it can be carried out in an area of 1,000 to 2,000 residents, the energy of waste can be used for district heating and cooling as well as electric power. It is expected to greatly contribute to the formation of a comfortable living environment.
[Example]

低発熱量1500kcal/kgの一般廃棄物2T/日を図1に示す装置によって処理した。発生電力は60kwで排気中のダイオキシンは0.05ngEQT/Nm3であった。
[産業上の利用可能性]
A general waste of 2 T / day with a low calorific value of 1500 kcal / kg was treated by the apparatus shown in FIG. The generated power was 60 kW and the dioxin in the exhaust gas was 0.05 ng EQT / Nm 3.
[Industrial applicability]

間伐材,穀殻等の産業廃棄物は一般廃棄物より水分含量は少なく、組成も一般廃棄物より安定しており、一般廃棄物より容易に処理出来る。
固体廃棄物全般の処理、発電に利用出来、エネルギー、環境保全に大いに寄与する可能性が大きい。
Industrial waste such as thinned wood and husks has a lower moisture content than ordinary waste, and its composition is more stable than general waste, and it can be treated more easily than general waste.
It can be used for the treatment of solid waste in general and power generation, and has a great potential to contribute greatly to energy and environmental conservation.

「本発明システムのフローを示す図である。」"It is a figure which shows the flow of this invention system."

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 ガス化炉
2 原ガスホールダー
3 ガス洗浄塔
4 生成ガスホルダー
5 ガスタービン
6 蒸気発生器
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Gasification furnace 2 Original gas holder 3 Gas cleaning tower 4 Generated gas holder 5 Gas turbine 6 Steam generator

Claims (4)

固体廃棄物をガス化し、ガスタービンで発電するシステムに於いて、固体廃棄物と生成ガスが熱交換する構造のガス化炉で固体廃棄物をガス化することを特徴とするガス化発電システム。In a system for gasifying solid waste and generating power with a gas turbine, the gasification power generation system is characterized in that the solid waste is gasified in a gasification furnace configured to exchange heat between the solid waste and the product gas. [請求項1]に於いて固体廃棄物を破砕して、水分、含水廃棄物を分離後、ガス化することを特徴とするガス化発電システム。The gasification power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the solid waste is crushed and the moisture and water-containing waste are separated and gasified. [請求項1]に於いて、生成ガスを湿式で洗浄することを特徴とするガス化発電システム。The gasification power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the generated gas is washed in a wet manner. [請求項1]に於いて、生成ガス中の一酸化炭素を水素に変性し、燃料電池で発電することを特徴とするガス化発電システム。[Claim 1] The gasification power generation system according to claim 1, wherein carbon monoxide in the generated gas is denatured into hydrogen and power is generated by a fuel cell.
JP2004142912A 2004-04-09 2004-04-09 Solid waste gasification power generation system Pending JP2005298783A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2380143A1 (en) * 2010-10-10 2012-05-09 Gerindote Morillo, S.L. Procedure for gasification of residues and corresponding installation for the execution of the same. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
CN103506366A (en) * 2012-06-21 2014-01-15 黄志方 Design of plasma waste gasification and power generation system
CN104456571A (en) * 2014-11-02 2015-03-25 史惠元 Method and device for generating electricity through household garbage

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2380143A1 (en) * 2010-10-10 2012-05-09 Gerindote Morillo, S.L. Procedure for gasification of residues and corresponding installation for the execution of the same. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
CN103506366A (en) * 2012-06-21 2014-01-15 黄志方 Design of plasma waste gasification and power generation system
CN104456571A (en) * 2014-11-02 2015-03-25 史惠元 Method and device for generating electricity through household garbage

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