JP2005287655A - Electrostatic smoke dispersion apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrostatic smoke dispersion apparatus capable of securing a visual field at the time of a fire without being accompanied by the excessive increase of apparatuses and facilities. <P>SOLUTION: In an area equivalent to the thickness of smoke at the upper part of a space where the smoke at the time of a fire is propagated orthogonally to the direction that the smoke at the time of a fire is propagated and diffused, a charging device capable of charging smoke particles in the smoke while making the smoke uniformly stay at the upper part of the space without diffusing it and a mist generator for generating water mist are provided. The charged smoke particles are caught by an electric field formed of the water mist and the visual field is secured. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an electrostatic smoke eliminator that uses static electricity to remove smoke to ensure visibility during a fire.

Currently, fire fighting equipment such as sprinklers, fire alarms, fire hydrants, etc. are installed in buildings in preparation for fire. And even if a fire occurs inside the building, such a fire fighting equipment issues an alarm and takes care to quickly extinguish the fire.
However, the actual fire is accompanied by smoke, and as a countermeasure, the latest building has an exhaust system that is installed according to the safety standards at the time of fire to expel smoke to the outside, and an emergency fire door The measures such as suppressing the spread of smoke are taken.
However, in old buildings, these facilities are not sufficient, so it may be possible to take measures such as adding additional ventilation fans, but in order to newly add such facilities, it is necessary to add ducts. Yes, and in many cases it is virtually impossible, and even in new buildings, smoke can obstruct the evacuated people and prevent escape. Therefore, in order to further improve safety, there has been a demand for an effective measure against smoke in the event of a fire without an excessive increase in facilities.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide an electrostatic smoke eliminator that can secure a field of view at the time of a fire without an excessive increase in equipment and facilities.

    In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is directed to an electrostatic smoke eliminator, which is an upper part of a space in which smoke at the time of fire propagates and diffuses in a direction in which the smoke at the time of fire propagates and diffuses. There is a charging device capable of charging the smoke particles in the smoke while keeping it uniformly in the upper part of the space without diffusing the smoke in the area corresponding to the thickness, and the direction in which the smoke propagates and diffuses. A mist generating device for generating charged water mist downstream of the charging device, and collecting the charged smoke particles in the water mist by an electric field formed by the water mist itself. The field of view is secured by removing smoke particles. In one embodiment, the electrostatic smoke eliminator according to the present invention has a charging nozzle as a mist generating device in the direction in which the above-mentioned charging device and smoke at the time of fire propagate and diffuse. Can be provided.

  Furthermore, as another embodiment, the electrostatic smoke eliminator according to the present invention is a nozzle in which the above-mentioned charging device and the smoke at the time of fire propagate and diffuse, and the mist generating device is provided downstream of the charging device. And a nozzle in which water mist sprayed from the nozzle can be charged positively or negatively alternately arranged. Furthermore, as another embodiment, a charging nozzle is provided as the mist generating device in the direction in which the above-mentioned charging device and smoke at the time of fire spread and diffuse, and downstream of the charging device, and sprayed from the charging nozzle. Also included are nozzles in which water mists can be charged positively or negatively alternately arranged adjacent to each other. Furthermore, as another embodiment, a charging nozzle is provided as the mist generating device on the downstream side of the charging device in the direction in which the smoke at the time of the fire is spread and diffused, and sprayed from the charging nozzle. Including an alternating electric field applied to the water mist.

  As still another embodiment, the electrostatic smoke eliminator according to the present invention includes a mesh box and a mesh discharge electrode in which the charging device forms a ground electrode, and the mesh discharge electrode is provided in the mesh box. Included. In this case, instead of the mesh discharge electrode mesh, a smoke-proof hanging wall can be used, and the smoke-proof hanging wall can be used as the discharge electrode of the charging device. Further, instead of the vertical wall surface of the mesh box, a smoke-proof hanging wall can be used as the grounding electrode of the charging device.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the electrostatic smoke extinguishing apparatus which makes it possible to ensure the visual field at the time of fire occurrence is provided, without adding an excessive apparatus and installation.

  Embodiments of an electrostatic smoke eliminator according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of an electrostatic smoke eliminator according to the present invention. FIG. 1 shows an example of a passage as a space at the time of a fire, and conceptually shows a cross section of the passage direction of the passage viewed from the side.
This electrostatic smoke eliminator includes nozzles 2 and 3 as water mist generators provided on the ceiling 1 of the passage. Furthermore, it has the charging device 5 located upstream in the flow direction of the smoke 4. The charging device 5 includes a central mesh discharge electrode 6 and a mesh box 7 as main components. Since the location of the fire cannot be specified in the event of a fire, a plurality of such devices are installed in the passage, the charging device located upstream of the smoke is charged, and the downstream water mist generator is activated. Such a configuration is possible.

The nozzles 2 and 3 are examples in which a charging nozzle is used as a water mist generator capable of ejecting fine water droplets. These charging nozzles 2 and 3 are configured such that the water mist ejected by 2 is positive and the water mist ejected by 3 is charged on the negative side. As a result, there is a water mist group having positive and negative charges in the horizontal direction in the figure due to the water mist itself injected, and an electric field is formed between the two due to the charge of the water mist itself. Is done. In addition, by setting the positive and negative charges to the same amount, the overall charge amount is not biased, so it is safe even if a person goes under this.
In addition, when it is not necessary to take a large self-forming electric field, for example, a charging nozzle that is negatively charged may be used as the ground electrode. However, in this case, since the charge amount as a whole is biased, it is necessary to set an appropriate charge amount.

As the configuration of the charging nozzles 2 and 3 themselves, those known to those skilled in the art can be employed. For example, it is possible to give charge to the water mist by using a technique such as induction charging or corona discharge.
In addition, a charging nozzle is not used to charge water mist from the outside, but based on the principle that charging can be performed by using a filter-like material in the nozzle flow path, for example, an organic filter An equivalent function can also be achieved by disposing the nozzles inserted with the nozzle (positively charged in the flow) and the nozzles inserted with the inorganic filter (negatively charged in the flow) as shown in FIG. The charging nozzles 2 and 3 can also have a fire extinguishing action.

  Although each of the charging nozzles 2 and 3 is shown in FIG. 1, generally, the width direction of the passage is uniformly covered with a large number of water mist particles, and a uniform electric field is generated by the water mist. Are provided in the width direction of the passage. In the figure, positive and negative nozzles are arranged in the smoke propagation direction, but it is also possible to form an electric field by arranging positive and negative nozzles adjacent to each other perpendicular to the smoke propagation direction.

FIG. 1 shows a mode in which mesh-like electrodes are provided as the charging device. The mesh discharge electrode 6 is provided at the center of the mesh box 7 as shown in the figure. The mesh electrode 6 is made of a conductive mesh material. Here, the conductive mesh-like material may be any material that can be smoothly permeated without diffusing smoke, and may be grid-like, net-like, or porous. It can be adopted as long as it is not contrary to the purpose. The mesh discharge electrode 6 is provided with at least one stab 8, 9 facing opposite sides as shown in the figure. The mesh discharge electrode 6 is applied by the high voltage generator 10 with a high voltage capable of giving an electric field strength of several kv / cm capable of corona discharge to the mesh ground electrode facing from the tip of the discharge electrode. Even if smoke comes from either of the left and right sides in the figure due to the discharge from the stabs 8 and 9, it can be charged.
In this figure, the discharge electrode has a structure in which a mesh material is stabbed. However, the discharge electrode itself is not particularly limited as long as it does not provide resistance to the flow of smoke. It is also possible to arrange a plurality of materials that are stabbed on the bar to facilitate corona discharge in the direction of smoke flow.

  The mesh box 7 is made of a conductive mesh material and is formed in a cage shape. Here, the conductive mesh-like material may be any material that can permeate smoke, and any of a grid-like shape, a net-like shape, and a porous shape is not contrary to the object of the present invention. Can be adopted. One of the functions of the mesh box 7 is to protect the mesh discharge electrode 6 inside and to protect the mesh discharge electrode 6 from being touched by a person when a high voltage is applied in an emergency. Therefore, the mesh box 7 is made of a conductive mesh-like material and has a mechanical strength suitable for the purpose. The mesh box 7 constitutes a mesh earth electrode. It is desirable that the height of the mesh box 7 be as large as possible according to the assumed thickness of smoke within a range in which a person can pass under normal conditions, but generally about several tens of centimeters from the ceiling (for example, 30cm) Extend to the bottom. If the generated smoke can be charged with this thickness, the purpose is almost achieved.

The mesh discharge electrode 6 and the mesh box 7 are shown in cross section in FIG. As a general form, both are provided on the ceiling 1 over the entire width of the passage.
In this way, the charging device 5 goes straight in the direction in which smoke at the time of fire propagates and diffuses, and is uniformly above the space (near the ceiling 1) and in a region corresponding to the smoke height (ceiling) The smoke particles in the smoke can be charged while staying in the upper part of the space without diffusing smoke from 1 to 30 cm, for example.

Next, the operation of the electrostatic smoke eliminator according to the present embodiment will be described.
It is assumed that a fire has occurred and smoke 4 has flowed from the left side. The smoke particles 11 in the smoke 4 that has passed through the mesh of the mesh box 10 cause corona discharge by the high electric field formed between the mesh discharge electrode 6 and the mesh box 7, and the process of the smoke 4 flowing through the charging device 5. Can be negatively charged.
Here, in the event of a fire, water is ejected from the charging nozzles 2 and 3 to form water mist groups 12 and 12 '. This water mist group 12 is an aggregate of water mist composed of fine water droplets. The water mist from the charging nozzle 2 is positively charged, and the water mist from the charging nozzle 3 is negatively charged. As a result, a horizontal electric field is formed between the water mist groups 12 and 12 '.
In the charging device, for example, negatively charged smoke particles 11 pass through the mesh of the mesh discharge electrode 6 and are guided into an electric field formed by a positively charged water mist group and a negatively charged water mist group, It is effectively collected in water mist by the power of Thereby, the smoke particles 11 collected by the water mist fall on the floor surface 20 of the passage as the water mist itself falls. As a result, the smoke in the upper space disappears, and it is possible to secure the field of view of the evacuating people.

  In the electrostatic smoke eliminator according to the present embodiment, even when smoke comes from the right, it is charged by the piercing portions 8 and 9 and the same is applied by water mist ejected from the left charging nozzle (not shown). Can be collected. Thereby, it is possible to deal with smoke from either the left or right.

Next, FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the electrostatic smoke eliminator according to the present invention.
In this embodiment, an alternating current is supplied to the charging nozzle 2 'and an alternating electric field is applied to the charging nozzle 2'. The other constituent elements are the same as those in the embodiment of FIG. 1, and the elements given the same numbers perform the same configuration / action.
In this embodiment, the charge held by the falling water mist group 21 varies with time. For this reason, it becomes possible to form an electric field in the up-down direction by forming the water mist group 21 having positive and negative charges in the up-down direction.
Also in this embodiment, for example, the negatively charged smoke particles 11 pass through the mesh of the mesh discharge electrode 6, and in the electric field formed by the water mist group positively charged in the vertical direction and the water mist group negatively charged. And is effectively collected in water mist by electrostatic force. Thereby, the smoke particles 11 collected by the water mist fall on the floor surface 20 of the passage as the water mist itself falls. As a result, the smoke in the upper space disappears, and it is possible to secure the field of view of the evacuating people.
It is to be noted that the application of an alternating electric field to the charging nozzle in this manner is also possible in the embodiments of FIGS. 3 and 4 described later, and the embodiments of FIGS. The description based on this is omitted.

Next, FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the electrostatic smoke eliminator according to the present invention.
In this embodiment, the smoke-proof hanging wall 13 is used in place of the mesh of the mesh discharge electrode 6 of the embodiment of FIG.
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the charging device 5 is provided in the ceiling 1 of the passage, for example, in the middle of diffusion. For this reason, the main purpose is to charge the smoke 4 without diffusing. The intent is the same, that is, the smoke particles 11 are charged at the first stage where the accumulated smoke overflows, that is, at the location of the smoke-proof hanging wall 13.
The smoke-proof hanging wall 13 has a function of preventing the smoke 4 that is heated in the early stage of the fire and stays in the upper part from diffusing in the horizontal direction on the ceiling 1. Eventually, the accumulated smoke 4 overflows the depth of the dripping wall 13 and diffuses.

  In this embodiment, the smoke 4 is retained by the smoke-proof hanging wall 13, and the smoke particles 11 can be effectively charged while maintaining the effect of preventing the diffusion of the smoke 4. The smoke 4 once stays in the smoke-proof hanging wall 13, but when the amount of smoke 4 increases, the smoke 4 exceeds its lower end (arrow 14) and then moves toward the ceiling 1 and further moves in the horizontal direction to charge nozzle Flow in a few directions. As in FIG. 1, the smoke particles 11 collected in the water mist fall on the floor surface 20 of the passage by weight. As a result, the smoke in the upper space disappears, and it is possible to secure the field of view of the evacuating people. In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the elements with the same numbers perform the same functions as in FIG.

FIG. 4 shows still another embodiment of the electrostatic smoke eliminator according to the present invention.
In this embodiment, smoke-proof hanging walls 15 and 15 are used. In the mesh box 7 of the embodiment of FIG. 1, the mesh forming the vertical wall is replaced with the smoke-proof hanging walls 15 and 15. .
In this embodiment, the smoke particles 11 can be charged while the smoke is retained by the smoke-proof hanging walls 15 and 15 and the effect of smoke prevention is maintained. Smoke stays at one end of the smoke-proof hanging walls 15, 15, but flows to the charging nozzles 2, 3 beyond the lower end (arrow 14).
Compared to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, this embodiment has an advantage that the residence time in the mesh box 7 is long and the charging time can be further increased.
In the same manner as in FIG. 3, the smoke particles 11 collected in the water droplets fall on the floor surface of the passage by weight. As a result, the smoke in the upper space disappears, and it is possible to secure a view of people who are accused. In the embodiment of FIG. 4, the elements with the same numbers perform the same functions as in FIGS.

It is a conceptual sectional view explaining one embodiment of the electrostatic smoke eliminator concerning the present invention. It is a conceptual sectional view explaining other embodiments of an electrostatic smoke eliminator concerning the present invention. It is a conceptual sectional view explaining other embodiments of an electrostatic smoke eliminator concerning the present invention. It is a conceptual sectional view explaining other embodiments of an electrostatic smoke eliminator concerning the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, Ceiling 2, 2 'Charging nozzle 4 Smoke 5 Charging device 6 Mesh discharge electrode 7 Mesh box 8, 9 Needle 10 High voltage generator 11 Smoke particles 12, 12', 21 Water mist group 20 Floor surface

Claims (8)

Go straight in the direction in which the smoke at the time of fire spreads and diffuses, and in the upper part of the space where the smoke at the time of fire propagates, in the area corresponding to the thickness of the smoke, And a mist for generating a charged water mist in the direction in which the smoke propagates and diffuses downstream of the charging device. And a generator, wherein the charged smoke particles are collected in the water mist by an electric field formed by the water mist itself, and the smoke particles are removed by the water mist to ensure visibility. Electrostatic smoke extinguishing device. 2. The electrostatic smoke eliminator according to claim 1, wherein a charging nozzle is provided as the mist generating device in the direction in which the smoke during fire spreads and diffuses in the charging device and downstream of the charging device. Nozzle capable of positively and negatively charging the water mist sprayed from the charging device and the direction in which smoke at the time of fire is propagated and diffused, provided as a mist generating device on the downstream side of the charging device 2. The electrostatic smoke eliminator according to claim 1, wherein the two are alternately arranged adjacent to each other. A charging nozzle is provided as the mist generating device on the downstream side of the charging device in the direction in which the smoke during fire spreads and diffuses, and the water mist sprayed from the charging nozzle is charged positively or negatively. The electrostatic smoke-extinguishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the nozzles are alternately arranged adjacent to each other. A charging nozzle is provided as the mist generating device on the downstream side of the charging device in the direction in which the smoke at the time of fire spreads and diffuses, and an alternating electric field is applied to the water mist sprayed from the charging nozzle. The electrostatic smoke eliminator according to claim 1. 6. The electrostatic smoke evacuation according to claim 1, wherein the charging device comprises a mesh box and a mesh discharge electrode constituting an earth electrode, and the mesh discharge electrode is provided in the mesh box. apparatus. 7. The electrostatic smoke evacuation apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a smoke proof hanging wall is used instead of the mesh of the mesh discharge electrode, and the smoke proof hanging wall is used as a discharge electrode of the charging device. 7. The electrostatic smoke extinguishing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a smoke-proof hanging wall is used as a grounding electrode of the charging device in place of the vertical wall surface of the mesh box.

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