JPH03186276A - Smoke extinguishing device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To quickly extinguish smoke in the case the room is filled with smoke by providing a spray nozzle provided on an indoor ceiling part or a wall part, a high pressure water supply part for supplying high pressure water to which a surface active agent is added within a range of specific PPM to this nozzle, and a control means for controlling the supply of the high pressure water to the spray nozzle. CONSTITUTION:When a building passage 100 is filled with smoke, a smoke sensor 3 (control means) outputs a signal corresponding to smoke density to a discriminating part 4 (control means), and when the smoke density exceeds a prescribed level, the discriminating part 4 opens a valve device (control means), and sprays water droplets of fine particles through a spray nozzle 1 from a high pressure water supply part 2. The water droplets catch smoke particles on the way of dropping down, and extinguish smoke in the passage 100. To the water droplets, positive high potential is given, therefore, smoke particles generally electrified to negative are caught by electrostatic force. Also, since a surface active agent of 1-3000PPM is added to the water droplets, the water droplets come to easily smoke particles, and the smoke particle catching capacity of water droplets is improved remarkably.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a smoke extinguishing device for reducing smoke generated during a building fire.

[Prior Art] The main cause of human damage caused by recent building fires is the smoke generated. In other words, in the early stages of a fire, a large amount of smoke generated from building materials blocks visibility and delays evacuation, which eventually becomes fatal due to smoke, toxic gas, and even heat.

Conventional smoke prevention measures for building fires include fire doors that block smoke from entering evacuation routes such as stairs, smoke exhaust fans that detect smoke generation and exhaust it to the outside, and smoke particles that are removed by corona discharge. Electrostatic precipitator-type smoke extinguishers are used that charge the dust and attract it to an electrode (generally the wall of a building).

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, the above-mentioned fire shutter merely blocks smoke locally, and visibility decreases on the smoke-filled side, making it difficult to breathe. It is difficult to suppress smoke in various parts of a building to the desired level using a smoke exhaust fan due to the scale of the device, and there is also the disadvantage of introducing fresh air into the combustion area. Electrostatic precipitator type smoke extinguishers are also suitable for localized smoke elimination, but are similarly difficult to eliminate smoke from various parts of buildings due to the scale of the device.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and an object to be solved is to provide an economical means that can promptly extinguish smoke when the smoke is filled due to a fire or the like.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The smoke extinguishing device of the present invention includes a spray nozzle provided on the indoor ceiling or wall, and a spray nozzle of 0.1? -3000PP
The apparatus includes a high-pressure water supply section that supplies high-pressure water to which a surfactant is added in a range of M, and a control means that controls the supply of the high-pressure water to the spray nozzle.

For example, the control means may include a smoke sensor that detects the indoor smoke concentration, a determination unit that processes the output signal of the smoke sensor to determine the smoke concentration that is equal to or higher than a predetermined value, and issues an activation signal, and and a valve device that supplies high-pressure water to the spray nozzle.

In addition, by applying a high voltage to the spray nozzle, the indexed water droplets can be charged (generally positively charged).In general, smoke is positively or negatively charged (generally negative), so the indexed water droplets can be charged (generally positively charged). By reversely charging the water droplets, smoke elimination performance can be improved.

It is preferable that most of the diameters of the indexed water droplets are in the range of 0.01 to 5 mm. If the water droplet diameter is larger than the above range, the smoke quenching effect is small compared to the amount of water consumed, and if the water droplet diameter is smaller than the above range, the falling speed of the water droplets is small and the water droplets themselves become part of the smoke. It forms a part and blocks the view.

The surfactant may be cationic, anionic, amphoteric or nonionic, but cationic surfactants are more suitable as they are suitable for adsorbing negatively charged smoke particles.

The concentration of the cationic surfactant is preferably 1 to 1100 PP. The concentration of anionic surfactant is
It is suitable to set it as 1-1100PP. The concentration of the amphoteric surfactant is preferably 10 to 3000 PPM. The concentration of nonionic surfactant is 10 to 300
It is preferable to set it to 0PPM. Outside the above range, the smoke eliminating effect will be reduced.

The surface tension of water droplets is below 40 dyne/cm, and even below 30 dyne/cm.
It is preferable to set it as dyne/Cm.

The lower the surface tension, the better the smoke removal effect in general.

[Operation] When the control means detects smoke, for example, it causes the high pressure water supply section to supply high pressure water to the spray nozzle. The smoke particles are wetly adsorbed by the water droplets released into the smoke from the spray nozzle and fall together.

A surfactant added to water droplets in a range of 0.1 to 3000 PPM improves the ability to collect smoke particles due to its small surface tension or electrostatic binding force.

[Example code] (Example 1) An embodiment of the smoke extinguishing device of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

This smoke extinguishing device is for eliminating smoke from building passageways, and includes a spray nozzle 1, a high-pressure water supply section 2, a smoke sensor 3, a discrimination section 4, a valve device 5, a high voltage power source 6, and a smoke sensor. 3, the discriminator 4 and the valve device 5 constitute a control means in the present invention.

That is, a plurality of spray nozzles 1 are provided on the ceiling portion 101 of the building passage 100, and the spray nozzles 1 are connected to the pipe 10.
and is connected to the high-pressure water supply section 2 via the valve device 5. Here, the smoke sensor 3 is of a type that ionizes smoke particles in the electrode gap and detects the resistance between the electrodes.
Of course, other types may also be used. The valve device 5 consists of an electromagnetic two-way valve, and the high-pressure water supply section 2 supplies high-pressure carbon dioxide liquid and 3PPM.
It consists of a cylinder filled with water (not shown) to which a cationic surfactant is added.

The determination unit 4 is composed of a microcomputer device, and determines the output current of the smoke sensor 3, and when the smoke concentration exceeds a specified level,
An actuation signal is output to the valve device 5 and the high voltage power supply 6.

The output end of the high voltage power supply 6 is connected to the spray nozzle 1 by an insulated wire 20, and the high voltage power supply 6 applies a high voltage (approximately +10 kV) to the spray nozzle 1 when an activation signal is input from the determination unit 4. Output.

The spray nozzle 1 is connected to the pipe 10 via a Teflon seal (not shown), and the high voltage is applied only to the spray nozzle 1.

The operation of this smoke extinguishing device will be explained below.
0 is filled with smoke, the smoke sensor 3 outputs a signal corresponding to the smoke concentration to the discrimination section 4, and when the smoke concentration exceeds a specified level, the discrimination section 4 opens the valve device 2 and discharges fine water droplets from the spray nozzle 1. Spray. As the water droplets fall, they collect smoke particles and eliminate smoke from the building passageway 100.

Note that since the water droplets are given a high positive potential, they collect smoke particles, which are generally negatively charged, by electrostatic force. Furthermore, since 3 PPM of surfactant is added to the water droplets,
Compared to the case where no surfactant is added, the water droplets wet the smoke particles more easily, and the ability of the water droplets to collect smoke particles is significantly improved. This is considered to be mainly because the surface tension of the water droplets is reduced and the wettability of the water droplets is improved.

The average particle diameter of the water droplets ejected from the spray nozzle 3 is determined depending on the spray pressure and the nozzle shape, but it is preferable that most of the water droplet diameters fall within the range of 0.01 to 1 mm.

Next, the smoke eliminating effect when spraying surfactant-added water will be explained below.

The experimental equipment had a frontage of 340 cm, as shown in Figure 3.
A closed box 30 with a height of 120 cm and a depth of 5 Q cm is used, and three booth openings 32 are provided in each of two side walls 31 and 31 facing each other. Each small aperture 32 is equipped with an objective lens (not shown), and the optical axes of the pair of lenses that face each other are aligned.In the figure, on the outside of the left side wall 31, each A light emitting device 34 is provided, and similarly, a light receiving device 35 is provided on each optical axis on the outside of the right side wall 31.

Each light emitting device 34 includes an incandescent light bulb (not shown), and the light emitted from the incandescent light bulb enters the light receiving device 35 through a pair of left and right lenses and is converted into an electric current.

Further, a spray nozzle 36 for spraying the liquid to be tested inside is attached to the top of the sealed box 30, and a power source 37 consisting of 6°1 gram of mosquito coil is installed at the bottom of the sealed box 30.

The experiment was conducted by spraying each test water for a predetermined period of time after the mosquito coil was burned.

In addition, the light receiving device 3 before the experiment (before smoke generation)
The output current of 5 is 'loomA (equivalent to about 300 lux)
Adjusted to.

It is thought that the output current (illuminance) is approximately inversely proportional to the smoke density. Spray time is 5 seconds, spray water amount is 16.5 CC1
The average particle size of the ejected water droplets is 0.423 mm and 0.225 m.
It was set as m. In Figures 4 to 10, the dotted lines indicate the average particle diameter of 0.
In the case of 423 mm, the solid line is the case where the average grain size is 0.225 mm.

Further, experiments were also conducted in the case where water to which no surfactant was added was sprayed, and in the case where no water was sprayed at all (no spraying). The fourth graph shows the change in the above current over time.
As can be seen from Figures 1 to 10, spraying water without surfactant has almost no smoke eliminating effect compared to the degree of current increase (recovery of visibility) in the case of no spraying.

The current can be significantly increased by mixing an appropriate amount of surfactant. However, the surfactant concentration that produces the maximum effect varies greatly depending on the type of surfactant. That is, the concentration of anionic surfactant was
As shown in Figures 4 and 5 using a needle (trade name, manufactured by Kao Corporation), 0.1 to 11000PP,
In particular, 10 to 1100 PP is good.

The concentration of the cationic surfactant was determined using Sanizol C and Cortamine 24P (trade name, Kao Corporation).
As shown in Figures and Figure 8, 0°1~11000P
P, especially 1-1100PP is good. Furthermore, Sanizol C was superior to Cortamine 24P.

The concentration of the amphoteric surfactant is as shown in Figure 6 using Amphitol 2ON (trade name, manufactured by Kao Corporation).
It is preferably 0.1 to 3000 PPM, particularly 10 to 3000 PPM.

The concentration of the nonionic surfactant is 10 to 3000 as shown in Figures 9 and 10 using Emulken 120 and Emulken 909 (trade name, manufactured by Kao Corporation).
PPM is good. 110 for nonionic surfactants
It is highly effective in a low concentration region such as PP and a high concentration region such as 11000PP, and has bimodal characteristics.

Next, FIG. 11 shows the experimental results for the case where the average particle size of the injected water droplets was reduced to about 0.1 mm using Sanizol C, which is a cationic surfactant.

The spray water amount was kept at about 16.50C and the spray time was 26.
Extended to seconds. In this case, it was found that because the average particle size of the indexed water droplets was minute, the current decreased immediately after spraying and then recovered as the water droplets coagulated and settled. From this experimental result, the average particle size of the ejected water droplets is at least about 0.1 m.
It can be seen that it is effective if it is greater than or equal to m.

Next, Figures 12 and 13 show the case where Sanizol C is used, the spray time is 5 seconds, the spray water amount is kept at 16.50C, and the shape of the spray nozzle 36 is changed to that of a commercially available sprinkler. show.

Figure 12 shows the average particle size of the indexed water droplets is about 0.225 mm, and Figure 13 shows the average particle size of the indexed water droplets of about 0.423 mm.
This is the case when it is set as mm. As a result, similar results were obtained regardless of the change in the spray nozzle 36.

Next, FIG. 14 shows the relationship between the surface tension of surfactant-type 7In water and non-additive water and illuminance changes.

However, the average particle size of the ejected water droplets was approximately 0.178 mm, the amount of water sprayed was 16.5 CC, and the spray time was 5 seconds. In addition,
The illuminance immediately before spraying is 4Qlx.

Furthermore, the case of water without surfactant added is also shown for reference.

As can be seen from FIG. 14, the smaller the surface tension of the water droplets, the faster the illuminance increasing effect, that is, the visibility improving effect appears.

The above experimental results further revealed the following.

That is, Sanizol C, a cationic surfactant, has a good smoke eliminating effect. This is thought to be because smoke particles are generally negatively charged and attract the positively charged cationic surfactant to improve the adsorption effect.

Furthermore, among anionic surfactants and cationic surfactants, those with a benzene ring (for example, Sanizol C shown in Figure 7) have a smoke eliminating effect, but those without it (for example, Cortamine 24P shown in Figure 8) It was also found that it is superior to

(Second example) Another embodiment of the smoke eliminating device of the present invention is shown in FIG.

This smoke extinguisher has the same configuration as that of Example 1, except that the spray nozzle 1a, high-pressure water supply section 2a, valve device 5a, piping 10a, and high-voltage power supply 6a are built into the fire door 300. are doing.

A plurality of spray nozzles 1a are provided at the upper portions of both sides of the fire door 300, and the high-pressure water supply section 2a consists of a thin tank formed to match the wall thickness of the fire door 300.

The operation of this smoke eliminator is basically the same as that of the first embodiment, and is activated by a smoke concentration signal output from a smoke sensor (not shown).

However, in this smoke extinguishing device, the activation signal issued by the discriminator (not shown) is sent to the door unlocking part (not shown) of the fire door 300.
This door lock release unit closes the fire door 300.

Therefore, in this embodiment, smoke can be extinguished around the fire door by simply adding some components to the existing fire door, and the visibility of the fire door 300 can be easily improved.

Example 3 A smoke eliminator according to a third embodiment is shown in FIG.

This smoke extinguishing device is the same as the smoke extinguishing device of Example 1 (see Fig. 1), but has two types of spray nozzles, valve devices, high-pressure water supply parts, and high-voltage power sources, and the first high-pressure water supply The section 31 supplies cationic surfactant-added water to the first spray nozzle 32 via the first valve device 51 , and the second high-pressure water supply section 33 supplies the second water to the first spray nozzle 32 via the second valve device 52 . The anionic surfactant-added water is supplied to the first spray nozzle 34, and the first spray nozzle 32 has a smaller average particle size (approximately 0°1 m).
m>, and the second spray nozzle 34 sprays water droplets with a larger average particle diameter (approximately 0.7 mm>).The first high voltage power supply 61 then connects the first spray nozzle to A positive high voltage is applied, and the second high voltage power supply 62 applies a negative high voltage to the second spray nozzle.As is well known, the average particle size of the water droplets depends on the nozzle structure and water pressure. It is determined.

In this way, the smoke particles, which are generally negatively charged, are well adsorbed by the minute cationic surfactant-added water droplets, and the cationic surfactant-added water droplets have a larger average particle size and a higher sedimentation rate than the anion particles. The surfactant is adsorbed onto the water droplets. Therefore, the cationic surfactant-added water droplets can be miniaturized to increase their total surface area and further disperse their positive charges, thereby making it possible to adsorb smoke particles well.

Note that if the anionic surfactant-added water is sprayed later than the cationic surfactant-added water, the anionic surfactant-added water droplets will be released after the cationic surfactant-added water droplets have sufficiently adsorbed smoke particles. Cationic surfactant-added water droplets can be adsorbed and precipitated.

[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, the smoke extinguishing device of the present invention eliminates smoke by spraying water to which 0.1 to 3000 PPM of surfactant is added from the spray nozzle, thereby reducing human damage in indoor fires. can be significantly reduced.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing the smoke extinguishing device of the first embodiment;
The figure is a perspective view showing the smoke extinguishing device of the second embodiment, Figure 3 is a sectional view showing the experimental equipment, and Figures 4 to 13 show the results of visibility recovery experiments by spraying various types of surfactant-added water. Current (visual field) - time-varying characteristic diagram, Figure 14 is a characteristic diagram showing the influence of surface tension values of various surfactant-added waters in visibility recovery experiments by spraying various surfactant-added waters, and Figure 15 is the third It is a block diagram showing a smoke extinguishing device of an example. 1... Spray nozzle 2... High pressure water supply part 3... Smoke sensor (control means) 4... Control part (control means>) 5...・Valve device (control means)

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) A spray nozzle installed on the indoor ceiling or wall;
A high-pressure water supply section that supplies high-pressure water to the spray nozzle with a surfactant added in a range of 0.1 to 3000 PPM, and a control means that controls the supply of the high-pressure water to the spray nozzle. A smoke extinguishing device. (2) The control means includes a smoke sensor that detects the smoke concentration in the room, a determination section that processes the output signal of the smoke sensor to determine the smoke concentration that is equal to or higher than a predetermined value, and issues an activation signal; 2. The smoke extinguishing device according to claim 1, further comprising a valve device that supplies the high-pressure water to the spray nozzle upon input of the above. (3) The smoke extinguishing device according to claim 1, further comprising a high voltage power source that applies a high voltage to the spray nozzle. (4) Two types of the above-mentioned spray nozzle and the above-mentioned high-pressure water supply section are provided, and the above-mentioned first high-pressure water supply section supplies cationic surfactant-added water to the above-mentioned first spray nozzle, and the above-mentioned first high-pressure water supply section supplies cationic surfactant-added water to the above-mentioned first spray nozzle. The second high-pressure water supply unit supplies anionic surfactant-added water to the second spray nozzle, and the second spray nozzle sprays water droplets having a larger average particle size than the first spray nozzle. The smoke extinguisher according to claim 1, which is a smoke extinguisher.